Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The group observed a moment of Silence for Dr. Wang (OR) who passed away unexpectedly.  Wang was to be recording secretary.  A new secretary was selected to record the meeting minutes.

Requests for new member addition to the group:  Amit Dhingra, WSU, was assigned to the NE1336.

A possible location for next year’s meeting is the Washington Hilton, July 29-31, near Dupont Circle before ASHS.  We will plan to be on our own for meals rather than to contract with hotel. 

During the second day of the meeting, the group attended the annual orchard bus tour of the Nova Scotia Apple Growers Association. 

On the third day, the group met to discuss the rewrite.  Two objectives and an outline of future research topics were written.  It was decided to submit the request to rewrite in fall and to complete a full proposal by the spring deadline.

Objective 1:  Optimize storage regimes for existing apple, pear, plum, cherry and berry cultivars, with emphasis on new cultivars arising from breeding programs in NY, BC, ON, MI, MN and WA.

Peaches, Nectarines, Plums and Cherries

Chilling injury in Ontario peaches and nectarines (ON).   Increased N could yield firmer fruit that could better withstand impacts during handling and shipping (FL). Most plum cultivars ranked above Shiro in consumer acceptance tests.  American and European cultivars were ranked as highly as Asian cultivars.  Anthocyanins and phenolics were characterized in several plum types (ME).  Non-destructive prediction of soluble solids and dry matter content using NIR spectroscopy and its relationship with sensory quality in sweet cherry (CA).

Berries

Rapid cooling to 18C within 90 min of harvest permitted blueberries to be held overnight and packed the next day with minimal negative effects on quality during storage (FL).

Pears and Apples

Among Asian pear cultivars, Olympic was ranked as the best tasting fruit at Clarksville, probably due to its high soluble solids content (MD).  Occurrence of internal browning in Asian pears can be predicted based on fruit size and maturity at harvest (MD). Harvest and storage protocol are being developed for new pear varieties developed in Ontario (ON).

New, nondestructive instruments to measure fruit maturity and to predict storage disorders.  Several collaborating participants (MD, MN, ON, ME, NY and CA-K) tested the F750 and the DA meter as new tools to measure fruit maturity and to determine if they can be used to predict storage disorders in pears and apples.  Use of the DA meter is very cultivar specific with standards needed for each. 

Several participants conducted studies to further refine the use of conditioning and storage regimes to prevent chilling injury and bitter pit in (Honeycrisp and Ambrosia) apples (ME, MD, MI, MN, NY, ON, BC and NS).  Trials with Premier Honeycrisp and Honeycrisp apple fruit grown in Pennsylvania and Maryland showed that there was little benefit or problem caused by the conditioning fruit from this region (Univ. of MD).  Deficit irrigation in the 4-5 weeks before harvest was directly associated with susceptibility of Ambrosia apples to soft scald (BC).  Harvest timing and storage methods that prevent browning in Salish apples (BC).  Accelerated starch clearing in Ambrosia apples was directly associated with low dry matter contents one month before harvest, supporting the previous observation that starch clearing index was influenced by factors other than maturity for this apple (BC).  Prediction methods for disorders of Honeycrisp apples have been investigated and show that soft scald risk is not consistently related with ethanol accumulation in the skin, but that non-chemical methods (ethylene treatment) may be useful. (NY).  A minimum of 100 ppm DPA was needed to fulle suppress CO2 injury in Honeycrisp in air storage and roughly 250 ppm DPA was needed to fully suppress CO2 injury in fruit exposed to 5% CO2. A single application of MCP at harvest is nearly as effective as 2 and 3-doses. (MI)

Storage quality of SnapDragon and RubyFrost in relation to harvest maturity and storage regimes is highly variable and our current hypothesis is that differences in browning incidence are related to watercore incidence in the fruit.  (NY).

OBJECTIVE 2:  Investigate the effects of 1-MCP technology on fruit quality and storage disorders and its interaction with cold storage and CA storage technology. 

Apples

Repeated expt. to avoid CA storage of Honeycrisp using air plus multiple 1-MCP applications and low temp.  No additional benefit of more 1-MCP applications.  See some physiological with shift in aroma profiles and ethylene but not nearly as much as expected. (MI).  Stem end flesh browning of Gala apples can be markedly reduced by preharvest 1-MCP and/or postharvest conditioning treatments, but dynamic controlled atmosphere storage has the greatest effect on delaying disorder development. (NY)

OBJECTIVE 3:  Investigate the metabolic and physiological processes that underlie the responses of fruit to postharvest technologies. 

Pineapples  

Transgenic pineapple plant with antisense ACC-synthetase screening is continuing, the original 11 lines have been reduced to four and are being evaluated in the field. Pineapple crown removal but not slip removal increase final fruit size with control fruit and fruit where slips were removed maturing sooner. Flesh translucency was higher in fruit from control plants and plants from which the slips were removed. Acidity was lower in fruit with both the crown and slips were removed. Crown and slip removal had no impact on total soluble solids. (Hawaii) 

Bananas and Mangoes

Evidence of programmed cell death in banana fruit during ripening and over-ripening. Storage of mangoes at 10C/50F for 3 weeks versus ripening immediately after harvest has indicated that corte negro symptoms result from postharvest chilling injury. (FL)

Blueberries, Strawberries and Grapes

Maturity of blueberry variation across bush in Chile (MI).  Effects of pathogen reduction and quality assessment methods berry fruit with effects of (-irradiation (CO60), acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), hot water, and calcium treatments on firmness, textural changes and its effects on enzymatic changes, i.e., polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, $-galactosidase, cellulase, peroxidase and ascorbate metabolism and antioxidants (AL).

Plums

‘Santa Rosa’ bud sport series provided a model to study the role of ethylene and other key mechanisms governing fruit ripening, softening and senescence. Genomic DNA, isolated from leaf samples of six Japanese plum cultivars was used to construct paired-end standard Illumina libraries. Based on the distribution of the clades, we suggest that gene function diversification for the ripening pathway occurred prior to family extension. We herein report all the frameshift mutations in genes involved in sugar transport and ethylene biosynthesis detected as well as the gene copy number variation implicated in the ripening differences. (CA-K)

Pears.  'Bartlett' pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) ripening regulation by low temperatures involves genes associated with jasmonic acid, cold response, and transcription factors (CA).

Apples

Peel microstructure of ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit was related to soft scald. Cuticular wax of unaffected peel had upright wax platelets or clumps of wax, but peel surfaces with soft scald exhibited flattened granules and the wax layer was more fragile than that of unaffected fruit (MN, ON, ME).

Soft scald incidence and other fruit quality indices among all pairs of phenotypes in 165 cultivars over two years were evaluated. Around 40 cultivars showed soft scald incidence in each year. There are also correlations among soft scald incidence and other fruit quality indices. There is no significant SNPs associated with fruit soft scald development in this GEWAS study.  An alternative hypothesis of superficial scald development in apples is proposed. Quantitative proteomic investigation employing stable isotope dimethylation labeling by peptides reveal the molecular mechanism of soft scald development and delayed cooling in combating this low temperature induced disorder.  A group of proteins were identified as potential markers for disorder development. Cloning and characterizations of laccase genes was studied in apples and evaluated its role in superficial scald development. (NS).

The development of greasiness in Honeycrisp and Snapdragon apple fruit was studied during low temperature storage.  Initiated a project to examine the epidermal cracking and subsequent suberization of apple fruit, a disorder that is particularly frequent in progeny of Fuji and Gala cultivars.  Screened a range of apple cultivars for variations in metabolite composition, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (NY).

Refereed Publications

Allard, SA, CS Walsh, AE Wallis, AR Ottesen, EW Brown and SA Micallef.  2016.  Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) hosts robust phyllosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities when grown in soil amended with various organic and synthetic fertilizers.  Science of the Total Environment.  573:555-563.

Baugher, T.A., Marini, R., Schupp, J.R., Watkins, C.B. 2017. Prediction of bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples and best management implications. HortScience 52:1368–1374. 2017.

Brikis, C.J., A. Zarei, C. Trobacher, J.R. DeEll, K. Akama, R.T. Mullen, G. Bozzo, and B.J. Shelp. 2017. Ancient plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: GLYR1s are cytosolic, whereas GYLR2s are localized to both mitochondria and plastids. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 8: 601, 11 pp

Chopra, S. and R. Beaudry. 2016. Solar evaporative cooled storage structures for storage of fruits and vegetables. International Congress on Post-harvest Technologies of Agricultural Produce for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security, Nov. 10-12, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India (abstract).

Chopra, S. and R. Beaudry. 2016. Thermal analysis of evaporative cold rooms. International Congress on Post-harvest Technologies of Agricultural Produce for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security, Nov. 10-12, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India (abstract).

Beaudry, R.M. 2016. Atmosphere control in packages and CA rooms: Biology, technology, and future opportunities. International Congress on Post-harvest Technologies of Agricultural Produce for Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security, Nov. 10-12, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India (abstract).

Beaudry, R. 2017. Mechanization for harvest and postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables. Great Plains Growers Conference, Jan. 12-14, Missouri, USA (abstract).

Chopra, S. and R. Beaudry. 2017. Evaporatively cooled rooms for storing perishables: designs to accommodate solar powered refrigeration. Great Plains Growers Conference, Jan. 12-14, Missouri, USA (abstract).

Beaudry, R.M. 2017. Lessons from the US: Current postharvest technologies in fruit and vegetables. Vietnam Educational Foundation meeting, Feb. 11, Phoenix, AZ (abstract).

Beaudry, R.M. 2017. Atmosphere Control in Packages and CA Rooms: Biology, Technology, and Future Opportunities. International Controlled Atmosphere and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (CAMA) Conference, June 17-22, Warsaw, Poland (abstract).

Chopra, S., N. Mueller, R.M. Beaudry. 2017. Innovative evaporatively-cooled solar-refrigerated structures for storage of perishables in India. American Society for Horticultural Science, Sept. 16-20, Kona, HI, (abstract).

Chopra, S., S. Dhumal, P. Abeli, R. Beaudry, E. Almenar. 2017. Metal-organic frameworks can sorb, store and release ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene. American Society for Horticultural Science, Sept. 16-20, Kona, HI, (abstract).

Moggia, C., R.M. Beaudry, J. Retamales, and G.A. Lobos. 2017. Not Just Diffusion: Insights on Mechanisms for Water Loss in Blueberry. American Society for Horticultural Science, Sept. 16-20, Kona, HI, (abstract).

Chopra, S. S. Dhumal, P. Abeli, R. Beaudry, E. Almenar. 2017. Metal-organic frameworks have utility in adsorption and release of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene in fresh produce packaging. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 130:48-55.

Guimarães, G.H., R.L. Dantas, A.S. Bezerra de Sousa, L.G. Soares, R. de Sá Melo, R. Sousa da Silva, R.P. Lima, R.M. Mendonça, R.M. Beaudry and S. de Melo Silva. 2017.  Impact of cassava starch-alginate based coatings added with ascorbic acid and elicitor on quality and sensory attributes during pineapple storage. African J. Ag. Res. 12:664-673.

Moggia, C., R.M. Beaudry, J. Retamales, G.A. Lobos. 2017. Variation in the impact of stem scar and cuticle on water loss in highbush blueberry fruit argue for the use of water permeance as a selection criterion in breeding. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 132:88-96.

Cliff, M.A. and Toivonen, P.M.A. 2017. Sensory and quality characteristics of Ambrosia apples in relation to harvest maturity and storage conditions. Postharvest Biology and Technology 132: 145-153.

Cliff, M.A., Stanich, K. and Toivonen, P.M.A. 2017. Evaluation of the sensory, physicochemical and visual characteristics for a sweet cherry cultivar treated in a commercial orchard with a cherry cuticle supplement when a rainfall event does not occur. HortTechnology 27:416-423.

Crisosto, C.H., G.M. Crisosto, and J.R. Bermejo. 2017. Applying non-destructive Sensors to improve fresh fruit consumer satisfaction and increase consumption. ActaHortic. 2016. 1119.31

de Freitas, S.T., F. Martinelli, B.Feng, N. F. Reitz, E. J. Mitcham. 2017. Transcriptome approach to understand the potential mechanisms inhibiting or triggering blossom-end rot development in tomato fruit in response to plant growth regulators. Journal Plant Growth Regulation, 1-16.

DeEll, J.R., and G.B. Lum. 2017. Effects of low oxygen and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage disorders in ‘Empire’ apples. HortScience 52:1265-1270.

Du, L., Song, J., Campbell Palmer, L., Fillmore, S., Zhang, Z. 2016. Quantitative proteomic investigation reveals the proteome changes in development of superficial scald disorder and control mechanism of diphenylamine and 1-MCP treatments in apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology.

Du, L., Song, J., Campbell Palmer, L., Fillmore, S., Zhang, Z.Q. 2016. Proteome changes in banana fruit peel tissue in response to ethylene and high temperature treatments. Horticultural Research. Article number: 16012 (2016).

Escribano, S., W.V. Biasi, R. Lerud, D. C. Slaughter, E.J. Mitcham. 2017. Non-destructive prediction of soluble solids and dry matter content using NIR spectroscopy and its relationship with sensory quality in sweet cherries Postharvest Biology Technology. 128:112-120.  

Gapper, N.E., Hertog, M.L.A.T.M., Lee, J., Buchanan, D.A., Leisso, R.S., Fei, Z., Qu, G., Giovannoni, J.J., Johnston, J.W., Schaffer, R.J., Nicolaï, B.M., Mattheis, J.P., Watkins, C.B., Rudell, D.R. 2017.  Delayed response to cold stress is characterized by successive metabolic shifts culminating in apple fruit peel necrosis. BMC Plant Biology 17:77

Gong, Yihui, Jun Song, Lina Du, Mindy Vinquest, Leslie Campbell Palmer, Sherry Fillmore, XueQun, Pang and ZhaoQi Zhang. 2017. Characterization of laccase from apple fruit during postharvest storage and its response to diphenylamine and 1-methycycloprepene treatments. Food Chemistry (review).

Honghui Luo, Jun Song, Peter Toivonen, Gong, Yihui, Charles Forney, Leslie Campbell Palmer, Sherry Fillmore, XueQun Pang and ZhaoQi, Zhang. 2017. Proteomic changes in ‘Ambrosia’ apple fruit during cold storage and in response to delayed cooling treatment. Postharvest Biology and Technology (in press).

Lachappelle, M., G. Bourgeois, J.R. DeEll, K. Stewart, and P. Séquin.  2017. Modelling the effect of preharvest weather conditions on the incidence of soggy breakdown in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. HortScience 52:756-763.

Lee, J.S., B.M. Hurr, D.J. Huber, C.E. Vallejos and S.A. Sargent. 2015. Characterization of proteases and nucleases associated with ethylene-induced programmed cell death in immature cucumber fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 110:190-196.

Li, P., X. Zheng, M.G.F. Chowdhury, K. Cordasco, and J.K. Brecht. 2015. Pre-storage application of oxalic acid to alleviate chilling injury in mango fruit. HortScience 50:1795-1800

Lum, G.B., J.R. DeEll, G. Hoover, S. Subedi, B.J. Shelp, and G. Bozzo. 2017. 1-Methylcyclopropene and controlled atmosphere modulate oxidative stress metabolism and reduce senescence-related disorders in stored pear fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 129:52-63.

Mahajan, P., Caleb, O., Gil, M.I., Izumi, H., Colelli, G., Watkins, C.B., Zude, M. 2017. Quality and safety of fresh horticultural commodities: Recent advances and future perspectives. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 14:2-11.

Manganaris, George and Carlos Crisosto.  2017. Apricots, Nectarines, Peaches and Plums. In: Controlled and Modified Atmosphere for Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce, edited by Mabel Gil and Randolph Beaudry, ISBN 978-0-12-804599-2, Elsevier. ** IN PRESS **

McClure, K , Gardner, K.M., Douglas, G., Song, J. Forney, C.F. Toivonen, P.M.T., Hampson, C., D. Somers, J. DeLong, J. Rajcan, I. and Myles, S. 2017. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Apple Quality and Scab Resistance. The Plant Genome (in press).

McClure, K.A., Toivonen, P.M.A., Hampson, C.R., Song, J., Forney, C., Delong, J., Rajcan, I. and Myles, S. 2016. A QTL Analysis of Soft Scald in Two Apple (Malus x domestica) Populations. Horticultural Research 3, 16043

Nham, N.T., A. J. Macnish, F. Zakharov, E. J. Mitcham. 2017. 'Bartlett' pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) ripening regulation by low temperatures involves genes associated with jasmonic acid, cold response, and transcription factors. Plant Science, 260: 8-18.

Nham, N.T., N. Willits, F. Zakharov, and E.J. Mitcham. 2017. A model to predict ripening capacity of ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) based on relative expression of genes associated with the ethylene pathways. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 128: 138-143.

Osuna-Garcia, J.A., J.K. Brecht, D.J. Huber, and Y. Nolasco-Gonzalez. 2015. Aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene to delay ripening of ‘Kent’ mango with or without quarantine hot water treatment. HortScience 25:349-357.

Paudel1, J., Jun Song, Itkin Maximme, Asaph Aharoni, Helen Tai. Pathogen and pest responses are altered in Glycoalkaloid Metabolism 4 RNAi Solanum tuberosum. 2017. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Vol.30 (11): 876–885.

Paull, R.E, Nancy Jung Chen, Ray Ming, Ching Man Wai, Neil Shirley, Julian Schwerdt and Vincent Bulone. 2016. Carbon Flux and Carbohydrate Gene Families in Pineapple. Tropical Plant Biology 9, 200-213

Schneider, KR, J De, Y Li, A Sreedharan, R Goodrich-Snyder, MD Danyluk, DM Pahl, CS Walsh, J Todd-Searle, DW Schaffner, W Kline and RL Buchanan.  2017.  Food Control.  73:511-517.

Song, J., Li, L, Yang, XT, Leslie Campbell Palmer, XiHong Li, and ZhaoQi Zhang. 2016. Quantitative proteomic investigations using stable isotope labeling by peptide dimethylation and multi reaction monitoring on fruit ripening, senescence and redox- antioxidant system. Acta Hort (in press).

Toivonen, P., Batista, A. and Lannard, B. 2017. Development of a predictive model for ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry dry matter content using a visible/near infrared spectrometer and its potential application to other cultivars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 97: 1030–1035.

Tong, C.B.S., H.-Y. Chang, J.K. Boldt, B. Ma, J.R. DeEll, R. E. Moran, G. Bourgeois, and D. Plouffe. 2016. Diffuse flesh browning in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple fruit is associated with low temperature during fruit growth.  HortScience 51:1256-1264.

Xu, Y., Y. Ma, N.P. Howard, C. Chen, C.B.S. Tong, G. Celio, J. DeEll, and R. Moran. 2017. Microstructure of soft scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). J. Amer. Hort. Sci. 142:464-469.

Yang, XT, Song, J., Campbell-Palmer, Leslie, Fillmore, Sherry Paul Wismer and Zhang, Zhaoqi. 2016. Evidences from individual studies of ethylene and 1-MCP treatment prove that volatile biosynthesis is regulated by ethylene in apple (cv. Golden Delicious). Food Chemistry. 194:325-336.

Zarei, A., C.J. Brikis, V.S. Bajwa, G.Z. Chiu, J.P. Simpson, J.R. DeEll, G.G. Bozzo, and B.J. Shelp. 2017. Plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: comparative biochemical properties, function during chilling stress, and subcellular localization. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 8: 1399, 13 pp

Zhang, Xuelian; Fang, Fang; He, Quan; Zhang, Xin; Shi, Ningbo; Song, Jun; Zhang, Zhaoqi; Pang, Xuequn. 2017. Enzymatic Characterization of a Laccase from Lychee Pericarp in Relation to Browning Reveals the Mechanisms for Fruit Color Protection. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. (in press).

Zhu, Y., J. Yu, J.K. Brecht, T. Jiang, and X. Zheng. 2016. Pre-harvest application of oxalic acid increases quality and resistance to Penicillium expansum in kiwifruit during postharvest storage. Food Chemistry 190:537-543.

Book Chapters, Production Guides, Extension and Trade Publications

Al Shoffe, Y., Nock, J.F., Baugher, T.A., Watkins, C.B. 2017. Ethanol accumulation does not predict soft scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. New York Fruit Quarterly 25(2):25-29.

Beaudry, R.M. and D.R. Dilley. 2016. Postharvest management of stone and pome fruits. Michigan Fruit Management Guide, E-154, pp. 254-258.

Chowdhury, M.G.F., J.K. Brecht, and M.A. Ritenour. 2016. Can appearance, nutritional quality, and shelf life of Navel orange be enhanced by a postharvest heat treatment. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.

Crisosto, C.H. 2017. Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits-- Apricots. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 351 -352.

Crisosto, C.H. and F.G. Mitchell 2017. Postharvest Handling Systems: Small Fruits-- Kiwifruit. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 371 -374.

Crisosto, C.H. and F.G. Mitchell: Postharvest Handling Systems. 2017. Small Fruits - Table Grapes. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 357 -363.

Crisosto, C.H. and F.G. Mitchell: Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits - Peach, Nectarine, and Plum. 2017. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 345 -350.

Crisosto, C.H. and J.P. Mitchell: Preharvest Factors Affecting Fruit and Vegetable Quality. 2017. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 49 -54.

De Freitas, S.T., C. do Amarante, E.J. Mitcham. 2016. Calcium deficiency disorders in plants. In: Postharvest Ripening Physiology of Crops, CRC Press, pp.477-502

Doerflinger, F., Sutano, G., Nock, J.F., Al Shoffe, Y., Zhang, Y., Watkins, C.B. 2017. Stem-end flesh browning of ‘Gala’ apples is decreased by preharvest 1-MCP (Harvista) and conditioning treatments. New York Fruit Quarterly 25(3):9-14.

Lobo, M. G. and R. E. Paull. 2017. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom. 263 pp.

Loeb, A and C Walsh. 2016.  Heat tolerant lettuce cultivars in a blazing hot summer.  2016.  Vegetable and Fruit News.  University of Maryland Extension.  7 (6): 3-5.

Love, K., Robert E. Paull, Alyssa Cho and Andrea Kawabata. 2017. Tropical Fruit Tree Propagation Guide. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops March 2017, F_N-49. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/F_N-49.pdf

Majubwa, R.O., J.X. Chaparro, S.A. Sargent, D.J. Huber, M.A. Ritenour, C.A. Sims, T.J. Msogoya. 2016. Sensory and physiochemical fruit quality of three seedless mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars grown on three rootstocks. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.

Mitcham, E.J. and C.H. Crisosto. 2017. Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits -- Sweet Cherry. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 353 -356.

Moran, R.  Plum Production in Maine.  https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/2034e/.  July 2017.

Paull, R. E., D. P. Bartholomew & C-C Chen. 2017. Pineapple breeding and production practices. pg 16 - 38. In. Lobo, M. G. and R. E. Paull. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom.

Paull, R. E., N. J. Chen & P. Saradhuldhat. 2017.Pineapple harvesting and postharvest handling. pg 89 - 107. In. Lobo, M. G. and R. E. Paull. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom.

Razali, N.A., A.C. Nascimento Antunes, A. Berry, and S.A. Sargent. 2016. Postharvest storage temperature and coating effects on fruit quality of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylerocereus costarricenses). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc.

Thompson, J.F. and Crisosto. 2017. Handling at Destination Markets. In A.A. Kader and J.F. Thompson (eds.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Fourth Edition. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3311, pp. 271 -277.

Tiyayon, Chantalak and Robert E. Paull. 2017. Mango Production. pp 17 - 35. In. Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Nutrition. M. Siddiq (Ed), J. K. Brecht & J. S. Sidhu (Assoc. Eds.). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

Walsh, 2017. http://extension.psu.edu/plants/tree-fruit/news/2016/2016-apple-maturity-assessments2014week-11?utm_campaign=Fruit+Times&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&utm_content=newsletter_more

Walsh, CS and MJ Newell.  Internal breakdown reported in Olympic Asian pear fruit.  http://extension.psu.edu/plants/tree-fruit/news/2015/internal-breakdown-reported-in-2018olympic2019-asian-pear-fruit  (October 8, 2015).

Watkins, C.B. 2017. Advances in postharvest handling and storage of apples. In: Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Apples. p. 337-367. Evans, E. (Ed.). Burleigh Dodds Scientific Publishing.

Watkins, C.B. 2017. Postharvest physiology of edible plant tissues. In: Fenenema’s Food Chemistry, 5^th edition. p. 1017-1085. Damodaran, S., Parkin, K.L. (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton.