Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The 2016 annual meeting for Project S1055 was held in Memphis, TN on Sunday March 12, 2017 from 8 AM to 5 PM. This project review meeting was in conjunction with the Entomological Society of America Southeastern Branch (ESA SEB) meeting.

The symposium entitled “The gamut of resistance management for soybean insect pests: Issues and prospects” was held during the ESA SEB meeting on March 14, 2016. This symposium was organized by S1055 members, and speakers included S1055 members and personnel from industry. As a follow up, a symposium focusing on soybean insect pest management might be held during the 2017 ESA SEB meeting to increase dissemination of results and overall visibility of the project.

Brian McCornack was nominated and accepted to serve as secretary for 2016-2017. Mary Purcell is the USDA-NIFA representative.

Efforts will be made to increase scientist participation in Project S1055. A mechanism to add personnel from industry, regulatory agencies, and other governmental and non-governmental organizations to Appendix E was discussed. In addition, personnel in land grant institutions from states not currently represented in Project S1055 will be contacted.

S1055 is sound as a multistate project. Project revisions are performed every 5 years. The next revision is due in 2018 and was initiated by forming a re-write committee. The committee includes Jeff Davis (Chair), Fred Musser, Dominic Reisig, Matt O’Neal, Julien Beuzelin, and Brian McCornack.

The 2017 project review meeting was scheduled for a period during next year's ESA SEB meeting scheduled on 12-15 March 2017. Project members involved with local arrangements for the ESA SEB meeting will assist with local arrangements for the S1055 annual meeting.

Reports from 13 states (Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Virginia) were received and used to summarize accomplishments for Project S1055 during the reporting period. Research and extension efforts in the Midwest continue to focus on the soybean aphid, whereas efforts in the Southeast continue to focus on the kudzu bug and the brown marmorated stink bug. Efforts in the Midsouth address the diverse group of insects attacking soybean, including stink bugs, the soybean looper, the corn earworm, and the threecornered alfalfa hopper.

A three-year, three-state (Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland) collaborative project to study the biology and develop management strategies for the brown marmorated stink bug in soybean was completed. Two products, an 18-page color booklet and a field scouting card, were developed and distributed, providing a comprehensive resource with images and recommendations for the invasive pest.

Members of Project S1055 have also conducted surveys to document the spread in the United States of another invasive species, the kudzu bug. Up-to-date kudzu bug distribution maps are available at http://www.kudzubug.org/distribution_map.cfm. Collaborative work in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia identified soybean genotypes exhibiting resistance to the invasive pest. In addition, studies on the role of cultural practices showed that early planted fields, those with conventional tillage, and those with wider rows were more susceptible to kudzu bug infestations.

Members of Project S1055 evaluated the efficacy of insecticides for management of numerous soybean insect pests. These evaluations included seed treatments and foliar applications. Results of these evaluations support soybean recommendations for individual states. These studies also have implications for pest management in other crops, with on-farm experiments in Illinois showing that foliar insecticides targeting rotation-resistant western corn rootworms did not reduce the adult populations in soybean, and are unlikely to reduce injury to first-year corn after soybean.

Members of Project S1055 showed that insecticide resistance continues to be a major threat to soybean insect pest management nationwide. Soybean aphid resistance to pyrethroids was documented in Minnesota, and resistance to neonicotinoids was monitored in 10 states in the Midwest. Soybean loopers collected from Arkansas, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Tennessee exhibited resistance to chlorantraniliprole, a diamide insecticide.

In addition to insecticides, various aspects of host plant resistance and biological control were studied. For example, soybean aphid virulent genotypes surviving on soybean plants with Rag 1, Rag 2, Rag 1 + Rag 2 were detected. Resistance management plans are being studied, and the soybean aphid may serve as a model for developing resistance management plans for other aphid-infested crops. Additionally, a multistate project for the release of soybean aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus glycinis, was initiated in Minnesota and will also involve releases in Iowa and Ohio.

Research on the threecornered alfalfa hopper conducted in Mississippi and Louisiana did not detect yield losses associated with the insect during soybean reproductive stages. This work suggests that the pest status of the insect has been overestimated in the Midsouth under current soybean production practices.

An annual survey of insect losses and management practices in soybean was conducted in seven southern states. This annual effort, led by entomologists in Mississippi, will be expanded to a national survey next year.

Results of research were shared among members of Project S1055 through formal collaborations and informal discussions, which increases the rapid dissemination of new knowledge and associated management recommendations, promotes further collaborations, and assists in avoiding overlapping of research projects.

Outputs:

Members of Project S1055 published at least 26 peer-reviewed research articles and developed numerous extension publications on soybean insect pest biology and management during the reporting period . Educational meetings and field days were used to transfer this information to growers, extension agents, crop consultants, ag industry representatives, and other scientists.

Refereed journal articles:

Adams, B., A. Catchot, D. Cook, J. Gore, F. Musser, J.T. Irby, and B. Golden. 2015. The impact of simulated corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage in indeterminate soybean. Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 1072-1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov094.

Adams, B.P., D.R. Cook, A.L. Catchot, J. Gore, F. Musser, S.D. Stewart, D.L. Kerns, G.M. Lorenz, J.T. Irby, and B. Golden. 2016. Evaluation of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), economic injury levels in Mid-South reproductive stage soybean. Journal of Economic Entomology (in press). http://dx.doi.ord/10.1093/jee/tow052.

Bahlai, C.A., W. vander Werf, M. O’Neal, L. Hemerik, and D.A. Landis. 2015. Shifts in dynamic regime of an invasive lady beetle are linked to the invasion and insecticidal management of its prey. Ecological Applications 25: 1807-1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2022.1.

Bakken, A.J., S.C. Schoof, M. Bickerton, K.A. Kamminga, J.C. Jenrette, S. Malone, M.A. Abney, D.A. Herbert, D. Reisig, T.P. Kuhar, and J.F. Walgenbach. 2015. Occurrence of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on wild hosts in non-managed woodlands and soybean fields in North Carolina and Virginia. Environmental Entomology 44: 1011-1021. DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv092.

Clifton, E.H., S.T. Jaronski, E.W. Hodgson, and A.J. Gassmann. 2015. Abundance of soil-borne entomopathogenic fungi in organic and conventional fields in the Midwestern USA with an emphasis on the effect of herbicides and fungicides on fungal persistence. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133613.

Cooper, S.G., V. Concibido, D. Hunt, G. Jiang, C. Krupke, B. McCornack, R. Mian, M. O’Neal, D. Prischmann-Voldseth, D. Ragsdale, and D. Wang. 2015. Geographic distribution of soybean aphid biotypes in USA and Canada during 2008-2010. Crop Science. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2014.11.0758.

Del Pozo-Valdivia, A., N. Seiter, D. Reisig, J. Greene, F. Reay-Jones, and J. Bacheler. 2016. Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) population dynamics in soybeans as influenced by planting date, maturity group, and insecticide use. Journal of Economic Entomology (in press).

Enders, L., R. Bickel, J. Brisson, T. Heng-Moss, B. Siegfried, A. Zera, and N. Miller. 2015. Abiotic and biotic stressors causing equivalent mortality induce highly variable transcriptional responses in the soybean aphid. G3: Genes, Genomes and Genetics 5(2): 261-270.

Fritz, B., A. Del Pozo-Valdivia, C. Sorenson, T. Carter, and D. Reisig. 2016. Host plant resistance to Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in diverse soybean germplasm maturity groups V through VIII. Journal of Economic Entomology (in press).

Gill, K.A., and M.E. O’Neal. 2015. Survey of soybean insect pollinators: Community identification and sampling method analysis. Environmental Entomology 44: 488-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv001.

Gray, M.E. and J.L. Spencer. 2015. Western corn rootworm: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) resistance to Bt maize and crop rotation: management challenges and opportunities. Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society; Antenna: ECE Special Edition 39: 100-101.

Kandel, D.R., K.J. Tilmon, and T.R. Shuster. 2015. Effect of host plant resistance and seed treatments on soybean aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their natural enemies. Journal of Entomological Science 50: 186-205.

Musser, F.R., A.L. Catchot, Jr., J.A. Davis, D.A. Herbert, Jr., G.M. Lorenz, T. Reed, D.D. Reisig, and S.D. Stewart. 2015. 2014 soybean insect losses in the southern US. Midsouth Entomologist 8: 35-48. http://midsouthentomologist.org.msstate.edu/ 

Nemec, K., E. Beckendorf, L. Hesler, W. Riedell, and J. Lundgren. 2016. The effect of flowering calendula and cuphea plants on Orius insidiosus survival and predation of Aphis glycines. Biocontrol Science and Technology 261: 12-22, DOI:10.1080/09583157.2015.1072130.

North, J., J. Gore, A. Catchot, S. Stewart, G. Lorenz, F. Musser, D. Cook, D. Kerns, and D. Dodds. 2016. Value of neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments in Mid-South soybean (Glycine max L.) production systems. Journal of Economic Entomology (in press) http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow035. 

Pilkay, G., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J.K. Greene, M.D. Toews, and W.C. Bridges. 2015. Spatial and temporal dynamics of stink bugs in southeastern farmscapes. Journal of Insect Science 15: 1-13. DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev006.

Prochaska, T., T. Donze-Reiner, L. Marchi-Werle, N.A. Palmer, T.E. Hunt, G. Sarath, and T. Heng-Moss. 2015. Transcriptional responses of tolerant and susceptible soybeans to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) herbivory. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9: 347-359.

Seiter, N., A. Del-Pozo Valdiva, J. Greene, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, P. Roberts, and D. Reisig. 2015. Action thresholds based on sweep-net sampling for management of the kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 1818-1829. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov171.

Seiter, N.J., J.K. Greene, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, P.M. Roberts, and J.N. All. 2015. Insecticidal control of Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in Soybean. Journal of Entomological Science 50: 263-283.

Stubbins, F.L., P. Agudelo, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, and J.K. Greene. 2015. First report of a mermithid nematode infecting the invasive Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 127: 35-37.

Varenhorst, A.J., and M.E. O’Neal. 2016. The effect of an interspersed refuge on Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), their natural enemies, and biological control. Journal of Economic Entomology 109: 406-415. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov302.

Varenhorst, A.J., M.T. McCarville, and M.E. O’Neal. 2015. An induced susceptibility response in soybean promotes avirulent Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations on resistant soybean. Environmental Entomology 44: 658-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv051.

Varenhorst, A.J., M.T. McCarville, and M.E. O’Neal. 2015. Reduced fitness of virulent Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) biotypes may influence the longevity of resistance genes in soybean. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138252.

Varenhorst, A.J., M.T. McCarville, and M.E. O’Neal. 2015. Determining the duration of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) induced susceptibility effect in soybean. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9: 457-464. DOI: 10.1007/s11829-015-9395-7.

Vyavhare, S.S., M.O. Way, and R.F. Medina. 2015. Determination of growth stage-specific response of soybean to redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its relationship to the development of flat pods. Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 1770-1778. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov145.

Vyavhare, S.S., M.O. Way, R.A. Pearson, and R.F. Medina. 2015. Redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) infestation and occurrence of delayed maturity in soybean. Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 1516-1525. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov132.

 Refereed Book Chapters

Greene, J.K. 2015. Kudzu Bug, pp. 143-144, In G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey [eds.], Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Greene, J.K., and J.A. Davis. 2015. Stink Bugs, pp. 146-149, In G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey [eds.], Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Lorenz, G., A. Herbert, and R. Leonard. 2015. Arthropod Pests-Caterpillars, pp. 139-141, In G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey [eds.], Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Tilmon, K.J., and M.E. O’Neal. 2015. Soybean Aphid, In G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey [eds.], Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

Theses and Dissertations

Whalen, A. 2015. Factors influencing honey bee abundance across agricultural landscapes in the Midsouth. M.S. Thesis, Mississippi State University.

Ramsey, J. 2015. Evaluating the pest status of threecornered alfalfa hopper in Mississippi agricultural crops. M.S. Thesis, Mississippi State University.

Dill, T. 2015. Adult emergence and egg distribution of the Heliothine complex and their impact on Bt resistance management in agricultural landscapes. M.S. Thesis, Mississippi State University.

Rozeboom, P.A. 2015. Organic foliar Milstop® shows efficacy against soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabales: Fabaceae). M.S. Thesis, South Dakota State University

Rystrom, Z.D. 2015. Seasonal activity and sampling methods for the Dectes stem borer, Dectes texanus Leconte in Nebraska soybeans. M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/36/

Enchayan, J.S. 2015. Investigation of reduced agent and area treatments for Aphis glycines management and its effects on key predators. M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/39/

Extension Publications

Herbert, D.A. Jr., B. Cissel, J. Whalen, G. Dively, C. Hooks, T. Patton, D. Venugopal, T. Kuhar, B. Aigner, S. Malone, J. Hogue, and E. Seymore. 2015. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Biology and Management in Mid-Atlantic Soybeans. Virginia Cooperative Extension. ENT-168NP. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/ENTO/ENTO-168/ENTO-168.html.

Hodgson, E. W., and G. VanNostrand. 2015. 2015 Yellow Book Report of insecticide evaluation for soybean pests, 26 pp. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Publication 298-15.

Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay and M. Boetel. 2015. 2015 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide. NDSU Ext. Serv., E-1143.

Krupke, C., W. Bailey, C. DiFonzo, E. Hodgson, T. Hunt, K. Jarvi, B. Jensen, J. Knodel, R. Koch, B. McCornack, A. Michel, J. Peterson, B. Pottern, A. Szczepaniec, K. Tilmon, J. Tooker, and S. Zukoff. 2015. The effectiveness of neonicotinoid seed treatments in soybean, 8 pp. Purdue University Publication E-268.