Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

WERA - 20
Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Fruit Trees, Small Fruit and Grapevines

Foundation Plant Services
Davis, CA
July 11-13, 2016

July 11 

8:30 - Welcome 

Hanu Pappu (Washington State University)
Hanu opened the meeting with welcome remarks. 

Deborah Golino (Foundation Plant Services, UC Davis)
Deborah discussed the location for next year’s meeting. Joseph Postman motioned to consider 
North Carolina for the next meeting location and Simon Scott seconded the motion.

Maher Al Rwahnih (Foundation Plant Services, UC Davis)
Maher welcomed everyone to the meeting and introduced the first speaker. 

9:00 - Scientific presentations 

Allison Gratz and Anna-mary Schmidt (Tree Fruit Diagnostics Program, Canadian Food 
Inspection Agency - CFIA)
Update on the Grapevine and Tree Fruit Diagnostic Programs at CFIA's Centre for Plant 
Health
Allison provided as overview of the program and diagnostic methods, including laboratory and 
biological tests, tissue culture and virus elimination. Their G1 virus-tested repository has over 
550 varieties and is the only G1 repository in Canada. Grapevine audits have found no Canadian 
regulated virus detected during audits from 2011-2015. Regulated tree fruit viruses have been 
detected in tree fruit audits. Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) has been detected in Canada 
in British Columbia and Ontario. 

Margarita Bateman (USDA, Fruit Tree Quarantine Program)
WERA 20 2016 USDA APHIS Annual Quarantine Report
Margarita provided updates on the program for 2016 including total releases and accessions 
received. The program routinely intercepts a variety of important viruses for tree fruits. 
Margarita provided an overview of program personnel and discussed the flow of plant material 
through the program.

Dimitre Mollov (USDA, National Germplasm Resources)
Detection of viruses infecting Prunus spp. using HiSeq analysis
Ruhui Li could not attend the meeting. Dimitre Mollov gave her talk in her absence. There are 
challenges in detecting tree fruit viruses in quarantine programs. Dimitre provided an overview 
of the application of RNA-Seq to detect viruses. NGS is the way to go, but one should proceed 
carefully with the data analysis. 

Joseph Postman (USDA ARS, Corvallis, Oregon)
Impact of Xylella fastidiosa on Corvallis, Oregon USDA Genebank
Xylella fastidiosa was causing significant problems in olive trees in Europe. It was first identified 
in pear in Oregon. Pierce’s disease of grape is caused by a different isolate. Xylella is widely 
distributed in a variety of hosts and there are at least four different isolates that have been 
identified. Joseph provided an overview of the investigation of the pear trees that were found 
positive, including testing, potential sources (Sambucus is a possible reservoir host), and 
precautions to prevent movement of Xylella. 

Syamkuma Pillai (Washington State University, Prosser)
Clean Plant Center Northwest: New Virus Findings and Program Update
Syam provided an update of the CPCNW program in fruit trees, grapes and hops. He included 
information on new selections, virus elimination, and the adoption of high throughput 
sequencing (HTS) for pathogen detection. Dan Villamor continued Syam’s talk and focused on 
the new viruses detected with HTS. Using HTS, the group discovered and investigated: Cherry 
necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), a fabavirus in cherry; Prunus Virus F (PrVF), a fabavirus 
in Prunus; and Nectarine virus M (NeVM), a marafivirus/Nectarine stem-pitting-associated virus 
(NSPaV), a luteovirus (interaction between these two viruses). 

Naidu Rayapati (Washington State University, Prosser)
An Update on Grapevine Viruses in Washington State
Naidu provided and update on the sanitary status of grapevines in the five Washington State 
certified nurseries. Composite samples from vines of mother blocks were tested by RT-
PCR/PCR for Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine rupestris stem 
pitting- associated virus (GRSPaV). HTS was used to test random composite samples of mother 
blocks. RT-PCR and HTS results were very similar for detecting GLRaV-3. So far, samples have 
tested negative for red blotch. 

12:00 - LUNCH 

Simon Scott (Clemson University, South Carolina)
Report from South Carolina
Simon described the existing Southeastern Budwood Program of testing the 34 cultivars of 
commercial significance for Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) 
and Plum pox virus (PPV) by ELISA since 2000. They are working on detecting other viruses, 
including Little cherry virus-1 (LCV-1), Cherry virus A (CVA), NSPaV, and NeVM. Simon has 
detected a new virus of unknown origin present in Yoshino cherry on the university campus. He 
provided an overview of their work on blackberry viruses. 

Ruth Welliver (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg)
Phytoplasmas in Pennsylvania tree fruit
Pennsylvania fruit tree improvement program is a state-level certification program that currently 
has three nurseries. They test for PNRSV, PDV, ToRSV, and PPV. They conducted a survey for 
PPV (Pennsylvania has been PPV-free for 10 years). They also surveyed for exotic 
Monilinia/Molilia and phytoplasmas. CVA was found in material sent to Prosser for the CVA 
survey. Pennsylvania apple orchard decline was investigated. 

Bob Martin (USDA-ARS, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon)
Update from Oregon
Bob provided an update for Oregon. His update included his investigation on Rubus yellow net 
virus (RYNV) which is occasionally seen in the northwest. They are also investigating Blueberry 
fruit drop virus (BFDaV-a caulimovirus) which has been observed since the 1990s. His study has 
shown the symptoms strongly correlate with presence of the virus. Bluecrop is the only variety 
exhibiting BFDaV fruit drop symptoms. Other research includes studies on GRBaV in vineyards. 

Wenping Qiu (Missouri State University, Mountain Grove)
Current status of Grapevine vein clearing virus
Wenping discussed the current status of Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) which was first 
discovered on Chardonnay. He performed biological investigations and viral characterization 
studies. The disease has been found in other regions (AR, IL, MO, and IN) and on other 
varieties. The correlation of symptoms with virus is 99%. Four new GVCV isolates were 
discovered in wild Vitis and Ampelopsis plants. 

Joseph Postman (USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon)
GRIN-Global Demo: Public access to USDA Germplasm; potential use for NSPN Centers
Joseph introduced and demonstrated the GRIN-Global database to the group. The database 
contains records for more than 500,000 accessions. 

Annemiek Schilder (Michigan State University, Lansing)
Small fruit virus update for Michigan
Annemiek provided an update on viral diseases affecting small fruits in Michigan. 

Shulu Zhang (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana)
Rapid detection of viruses and viroids in fruit crops using AmplifyRP
Shulu described the rapid detection of viruses and viroids in fruit crops using isothermal 
AmplifyRP. Agdia's different formats for AmplifyRp can be used for different endpoint 
applications and for different pathogens. The kits are fast, simple, sensitive and specific. 

John Hu (Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa)
Deregulation of papaya in China
John shared the history of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) investigations using pathogen-derived 
resistance to produce transgenic plants. He also explained the process and difficulties 
encountered in the deregulation of papaya in China. 

Georgios Vidalakis (Citrus Clonal Protection Program, University of California, Riverside)
Developments on the detection of graft-transmissible pathogens of citrus
Georgios provide and update on the developments on Asian citrus psyllid and Huanglongbing in 
California, including a description of symptoms, vector control, vector distribution, 
monitoring/detection efforts, and plan to “flood the market” with clean budwood. He also shared 
the success story of the California Citrus Nursery Stock Pest Cleanliness Program requiring 
mandatory testing of mother trees. 

Erich Rudyj (USDA APHIS PPQ, National Clean Plant Network)
Erich honored Yannis Tzanetakis for his contributions to NCPN with a medallion. Ken Eastwell 
was honored with a letter for his service supporting the mission of NCPN. Erich then gave an 
overview of the NCPN program. 

5:30 - End of presentations

July 12 

8:30 - Scientific Presentations 

Kari Arnold (Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis)
Interpreting a north coast multi-virus survey to assess the influence of disease management
Kari described her survey of nine viruses in California’s north coast vineyards. Older (heritage) 
vineyards had a relatively even distribution of a variety of viruses. Viruses detected in newer 
vineyards are vectored viruses, previously unknown viruses or viruses not controlled by the 
certification program (RSPaV). 

Mike Rott (CFIA)
Application of VirTool and NGS for the detection of tree fruit and grapevine viruses
Mike described the general workflow and procedures for processing samples for NGS. He 
provided a comparison of test results for conventional testing versus NGS. Mike gave an 
overview of the use of VirTool. 

Kristian Stevens (Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis)
Intro to Bioinformatics at FPS
Kristian provided an overview of the application of bioinformatics for the identification of an 
unknown putative virus. He discussed the processes, analyses, challenges, and future 
opportunities of HTS/genomics. 

Yannis Tzanetakis (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville)
Update for Arkansas/Understanding blackberry virus movement in the field scale
Yannis provided an overview of his investigations on berry viruses in Arkansas, including his 
approach to new discoveries from HTS. He provided an update on his work on Blueberry green 
mosaic virus (BGMaV) and his progress on certification guidelines for blueberry and Rubus. 

Deborah Golino requested a volunteer for secretary for next year who will host the meeting for 2018. 

Maher Al Rwahnih (Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis)
Establishment of Biological Significance of HTS Findings
Maher provided an example of a new virus, Grapevine fabavirus (GFabV), for which biological 
significance needs to be established as for any new virus identified by HTS. Graft transmission, 
Koch’s postulates and spread and distribution studies must be performed; and agronomic 
significance must be assessed. These steps were performed for GRBaV which is still considered 
an emerging disease and is now included in certification by CDFA. A discussion followed that 
focused on the impact of HTS findings on certification and regulation. 

11:00 - Regulatory Discussion 

The group discussed the need for coming to a consensus for careful wording and handling of our 
scientific results in a reasonable manner. While we want to share our new virus discoveries, we 
need to also come with solutions. Multiple people focused on the use of the wording virus-tested, 
not virus-free. Others shared their methods for cleaning material. The question was raised 
whether or not to share publicly the viruses that come on plant material prior to cleaning. Yannis 
Tzanetakis suggested (credit to Bob Martin) we build a library of samples for each commodity so 
we can access the source material in the library. Regulators can only regulate viruses of which 
they are knowledgeable. The regulators have a system of checks and balances that need to be 
performed for a disease to be regulated. 

Deborah Golino will work on securing a location for the 2018 meeting. 

1:00 – Local field trip of the FPS Facility
2:30 – Field trip to Russell Ranch and Armstrong
6:00 – Dinner at Season’s Restaurant
 

July 13  

Field Trip to Napa
 
8:00 - Bus leaves Davis
8:30 - Arrive at Wolfskill Experimental Orchards

• Coffee service

• History and Mission of the Davis National Clonal Germplasm Repository – Bernie Prins, Horticulturist NCGR

• A Virus Repository – Maher Al Rwahnih, FPS Laboratory Director

9:30 - Bus heads to Napa Valley
10:30 - Arrive Oakville Experimental Vineyard

• History of the Oakville vineyards – Mike Anderson, Oakville Vineyard Manager

• The Story of Oakville and Red Blotch – Mysore Sudarshana, USDA-ARS Research Plant Pathologist

11:45 - Bus leaves Oakville and heads to St. Helena
Noon - Lunch at Cindy’s Backstreet Kitchen cindysbackstreetkitchen.com
3:00 - Bus leaves for winery
3:20 -  Trinchero Family Estates Winery
5:00 - Bus returns to FPS in Davis

The latest information on viruses and vectors, and new detection technologies was shared with federal and state regulatory agencies for revising policies to contain spread of viruses. Collaborative efforts by the members of the WERA-20 have brought together a diverse group of scientists from policy, academia, state, federal and private industry to discuss the possibilities of the use of new technologies for diagnostic purposes to start a conversation on how to improve and shorten the current processes of quarantine using these new technologies.

Progress has been made in the conversation related to the application of high throughput sequencing (HTS) technology in quarantine systems that regulate trade between states and countries. Sensitive and reliable diagnostic assays that have been developed by WERA-20 members have been shared with labs of various federal and state agencies as well as centers of the National Clean Plant Network. Scientific collaborative efforts by members of the WERA-20 have brought together cutting-edge technologies to advance the detection and characterization of new and emerging viruses and virus-like agents from fruit trees, small fruits, citrus, and grapevines in the US and Canada.

Comparative studies have been conducted in various crop systems to compare and contrast the current bioassay systems with HTS for their relative sensitivity, reliability, and rapidity. This technology has been used extensively in the past few years to identify new viruses and virus-like agents from grapevines, blueberries, pome and stone fruits. As the use of this technology becomes more widespread, the biological significance of newly identified viruses and virus-like agents must be thoroughly investigated.

Adiputra, J., Swamy, P., Donda, B., Bagewadi, B., Natra, N. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. The prevalence of grapevine leafroll and red blotch diseases in Washington vineyards. 2016 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, June 30-August 3, 2016, Tampa, FL.

Adiputra, J., Swamy, P., Donda, B.P., Bagewadi, B., Natra, N., and Naidu, R.A. 2016. The Relative Distribution of Leafroll and Red Blotch Diseases in Washington Vineyards. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

Alabi, O.J., Casassa, L.F., Gutha, L.R., Larsen, R.C., Henick-Kling, T., Harbertson, J.F., and Naidu, R.A. 2016. Impacts of grapevine leafroll disease on fruit yield and grape and wine chemistry in a wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar. PLoS ONE 11: e0149666. 

Alabi, O. J., Al Rwahnih, M., Gregg, L., Jifon, J. L. Crosby, K. M., Mirkov, T. E. 2015. First report of Pepper vein yellows virus infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the United States. Plant Dis. 99(11):1656. 

Alabi, O. J., Al Rwahnih, M., Brown, J. K., Idris, A., Gregg, L., Kmieciak, E., Sétamou, M., Jifon, J. L. 2016. First report of papaya (Carica papaya L.) naturally-infected with the introduced Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel. Plant Dis. 100(9):1959. 

Alabi, O. J., Al Rwahnih, M., Isakeit, T., Gregg, L., Jifon, J. L. 2016. First Report of Rottboellia yellow mottle virus Infecting Sorghum Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum bicolor× Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) in North America. Plant Dis. 100(6):1255. 

Alderman, S.C., Martin, R.C., Gilmore, B.S., Martin, R.R., Hoffman, G.D., Sullivan, C.S. and Anderson, N.P. 2016. First Report of Cocksfoot mottle virus Infecting Dactylis glomerata in Oregon and the United States. Plant Dis. 100:1030. 

Al Rwahnih, M., Alabi, O.J., Westrick^, N.M., Golino, D., Rowhani, A. Description of a novel monopartite geminivirus and its defective subviral sequence in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Phytopathology 00:000-000 (Accepted). 

Al Rwahnih, M., Golino, D., Rowhani, A. 2016. First Report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus Infecting Grapevine in the United States. Plant Dis. 100(5):1030. 

Al Rwahnih, M., Alabi, O.J., Westrick, N.M., Golino, D., Rowhani, A. 2016. Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Grapevine Fabavirus, a Novel Putative Member of the Genus Fabavirus. Genome Announc 4(4):e00703-16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00703-16. 

Bagewadi, B., Ocampo, C., Movva, A., Hottell, D., Garza, M., Natra, N. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. Improving the Sanitary Status of Certified Mother Blocks in Washington State. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

Barba, M. and James, D. 2016. Certification and quarantine for viroids and viroid diseases. Chapter XX. In Viroids and Plant Viral Satellites. (Eds. Hadidi A., Flores, R., Randles, J., and Palukaitis, P.) Elsevier Publishing. pp. 000 000 (in press). 

Dey, K. Borth, W.B., Melzer M.J., Wang, M.L., Hu, J.S. 2015 Analysis of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1 and -2 for potential RNA silencing suppressors and pathogenicity factors. Viruses 7:969-995. 

Dey, K. Borth, W.B., Melzer M.J., Hu, J.S. 2015 Application of circular polymerase extension cloning to generate infectious clones of a plant virus. Journal of Applied Biotechnology 3:34-44. 

Diaz-Lara, A. and Martin, R.R. 2016. Blueberry fruit drop associated virus: A new member of the family Caulimoviridae isolated from blueberry exhibiting fruit drop symptoms.  Plant Disease Accepted June 27. 

Diaz-Lara, A., Gent, D.H. and Martin, R.R. 2015. Identification of extrachromosomal circular DNA in hop via rolling circle amplification. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148:237-240. 

Di Bello, P.L., Laney, A.G., Druciarek, T., Ho, T., Gergerich, R.C., Keller, K.E., Martin, R.R. and Tzanetakis, I.E. A novel Emaravirus is associated with redbud yellow ringspot disease. Virus Res. 222:41-47. 

Eves-van den Akker et al. 2016. The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence. Genome Biology. 17:124-147. 

Finn, C.E., Strik, B.C., Mackey, T., Hummer, K.E. and Martin, R.R. 2015. ‘Perpetua’ Ornamental Reflowering Blueberry. HortScience 50:1828-1829. 

Finn, C.E., Strik, B., Yorgey, B., Mackey, T., Hancock, J., Lee, J. and Martin, R.R. 2016 'Baby Blues' Highbush Blueberry. HortScience 51:761-765. 

Gergerich, R.C., et al. 2015. Safeguarding Fruit Crops in the Age of Agricultural Globalization. Plant Disease 99 (2): 176-187. 

Gergerich, R.C., Tzanetakis, I.E. and Martin, R.R. 2016. Towards a national certification scheme for Rubus in the United States. Acta Horticulturae 1133: 483-486.

Golino, D., Waclawa, P., Khuu, N., Shoulders, J., Aldamrat, R., & Sim, S. T. (2016, June). The Use of Micro-Shoots Tip Culture to Eliminate Virus for the Clean Plant Programs at Foundation Plant Services, University of California at Davis. In: IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL (Vol. 52, pp. S21-S21). 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. SPRINGER. 

Hammond, R.W., Zhang, S. 2016. Development of a rapid diagnostic assay for the detection of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid based on isothermal reverse-transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification. Journal of Virological Methods (Accepted). 

Ho, T., Quito-Avila, D., Keller, K.E., Postman, J.D., Martin, R.R. and Tzanetakis, I.E. 2016. Evidence of sympatric speciation of elderberry carlaviruses. Virus Research 215: 72-75. 

Hottell, D., Garza, M., Ocampo, C., Bagewadi, B., Swamy, P. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. Gambling with Grafting: Do’s and Don’ts. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

James, D. and Phelan, J. 2016. Complete genome sequence of a strain of Actinidia virus X detected in Ribes nigrum cv. Baldwin showing unusual symptoms. Archives of Virology 161(2): 507-511. 

James, D. and Phelan, J. 2016. Detection and analysis of a filamentous virus isolated from black currant (Ribes nigrum cv. Baldwin) showing symptoms of leaf chlorosis and deformity. Plant Virus Disease Workshop Report, PSJ, Japan 00: 000-000 (in press). 

James, D., Sanderson, D., Varga, A., Sheveleva, A., and Chirkov, S. 2016. Genome sequence analysis of new isolates of the Winona strain of Plum pox virus (PPV W) and the first definitive evidence of intra-strain recombination events. Phytopathology 106:407-416.

James, D., Cieslinska, M., Pallas, V., Flores, R., Candresse, T., and Jelkmann, W.   2016. Viruses, Viroids, Phytoplasmas and Genetic Disorders of Cherry. Chapter 16. In: Cherries: Genetics, Ecophysiology, Production, Protection and Uses. (Eds. Garcia, J.Q., Iezzoni, A., Lang, G. and Pulawska, J.) Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Press, Oxfordshire, UK. pp. 000 – 000 (in press).

Kesanakurti, P., Belton, M., Saeed, H., Rast, H., Boyes, I., and Rott, M. 2016. Screening for plant viruses by next generation sequencing using a modified double strand RNA extraction protocol with an internal amplification control. Journal of Virological Methods. 236: 35-40. 

Lanning, K.K., Moore, P.P. and Martin, R.R. 2016. First report of a resistance-breaking strain of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in North America. Plant Dis. 100:868. 

Li, R., Fuchs, M.F., Perry, K.L., Mekuria, T., Zhang, S. 2016. Development of a rapid AmplifyRP Acceler8 test for Grapevine red blotch-associated virus in grapevines. American Phytopatholocal Society Annual Meeting. July 30-Agust 3, 2016, Tampa, Florida. 

Lightle, D., Dossett, M., Ebert, T., Finn, C.E., Martin, R.R, Lee, J.C. 2015. Effects of three novel resistant black raspberries on Amphorophora agathonica feeding behavior and performance. J. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9:487-496. 

Martin, R.R., Constable, F. and Tzanetakis, I.E. 2016. Quarantine regulations and the impact of modern detection methods. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.  54:189-205. 

Naidu, R.A., Maree, H.J., and Burger, J. 2015. Grapevine leafroll disease and associated viruses – A unique pathosystem. Annual Review of Phytopathology 53:613-634. 

Naidu, R.A. 2016. Managing viruses in Washington vineyards. WAVE 2016 Washington Advancements in Viticulture and Enology. WSU’s Ste. Michelle Wine Estates Wine Science Center, Richland, WA. July 14, 2016. 

Naidu, R.A. 2016. Rational Mealybug Control Programs vs. Irrational Exuberant Programs. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

Naidu, R.A., Natra, N., Akinbade, S., Bagewadi, B., Swamy, P., Adiputra, J., Hottell, D., Garza, M., Ocampo, C. and Schultz, A. 2016. Tackling emerging soil-borne virus diseases in Washington vineyards. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

Ornamental and fruit tree virus certification program. 2015. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, OR. 2pp. 

Phelan, J., and James, D. 2016. Complete genome sequences of a putative new alphapartitivirus detected in Rosa spp. Archives of Virology XX: 000-000. (in press) 

Poojari, S., Lowery, T., Rott, M., Schmidt, A., DeLury, N., Boulé, J., and Urbez-Torres, J. R. 2016. First report and prevalence of Grapevine fleck virus in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in Canada. Plant Disease. 100: 1028. 

Poojari, S., Lowery, T., Rott, M., Schmidt, A., and Urbez-Torres, J. R. 2016. First report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in British Columbia, Canada.  Plant Disease. 100: 1513. 

Poojari, S., Alabi, O.J., Okubar, P.A. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. SYBR^® Green-based real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR for detection and discrimination of grapevine viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 235: 112–118. 

Quito-Avila, D.F., Martin, R.R., Alvarez, R.A., Insuasti, M. and Ochoa, J. 2016. First report of Potato virus Y, Potato virus V and Peru tomato mosaic virus in tamarillo orchards of Ecuador. Plant Dis. 100:868. 

Shahid, M.S., Tzanetakis, I.E. Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N. and Sabanadzovic, S. 2016. An integrating badnavirus infects blackberry. Acta Horticulturae 1133: 507-510.

Sharma-Poudyal, D., Osterbauer, N. K., Putnam, M. L., and Scott, S. W. 2016. First report of Lilac ring mottle virus infecting lilac in the United States. Plant Health Prog. 17:158-159.

Sharma-Poudyal, D., Lane, S., Grant, J., Osterbauer, N. 2015. Latent virus survey in pome and stone fruit nurseries in Oregon. Phytopathology 551-P. 

Swamy, P. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. Impacts of grapevine leafroll and redblotch diseases in Washington vineyards. 67^th American Society for Enology and Viticulture (ASEV) National Conference, June 27-30, 2016, Monterey, CA. 

Swamy, P. and Naidu, R.A. 2016. Impacts of grapevine leafroll and redblotch diseases in commercial vineyards. Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers 2016 Annual Meeting, Convention and Trade Show, February 9-11, 2016, Kennewick, WA. 

Thekke-Veetil, T., Polashock, J., Plesko, I.M., Keller, K.E., Martin, R.R., Ho, T. and Tzanetakis, I.E. 2016. Blueberry mosaic associated virus - a putative new member of the Ophioviridae. Acta Horticulturae 1117: 103-110.

Thekke-Veetil, T., Ho, T., Moyer, C., Whitaker V.M. and Tzanetakis, I.E. 2016. Detection of Strawberry necrotic shock virus using conventional and TaqMan^® quantitative RT-PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 235:176-181.

Thekke-Veetil, T. and Tzanetakis, I.E. 2016. First report of strawberry polerovirus-1 in strawberry in the United States. Plant Disease 100: 867. 

Vargas-Ascencio, J., Al Rwahnih, M., Rowhani, A., Celebi-Toprak, F., Thompson, J. R., Fuchs., M., Perry, K. L. 2016. Limited Genetic Variability Among American Isolates of Grapevine virus E from Vitis spp. Plant Dis. 100:159-163. 

Walker, L., Bagewadi, B., Schultz, A., and Naidu, R.A. 2015. First report of Tobacco ringspot virus associated with fanleaf disease in a Washington State vineyard. Plant Disease 99:1286. 

Welliver, R., et al. 2014. Expelling a Plant Pest Invader: The Pennsylvania Plum Pox Eradication Program, A Case Study in Regulatory Cooperation. Posted online September 2014. http://www.agriculture.pa.gov/Protect/PlantIndustry/PlumPox/Documents/PA%20PPV%20Eradication%209-2014.pdf 

Xiao H. Shabanian, M., McFadden-Smith, W., and Meng, B. 2016.  First report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in commercial grapes in Canada.  Plant Disease.  100: 1030. 

Xu, Y., Wang, S., Li, Y., Tao, H., Huang, Y., Wu, B., Dong, Y., Hu, J., Liu, Y. 2016. Complete genome sequence of a distinct Calla lily chlorotic spot virus isolated from Mainland China. Arch. Virol. 161:219-222. 

Zhang, J., Borth, W.B., Sether, D., Wang, I., Lin, B, Melzer, M.J., Shen, H., Pu, X, Nelson, S., Hu, J.S. 2016. Deep Sequencing of Banana Bract Mosaic Virus from Flowering Ginger (Alpinia purpurata) and Development of an Immunocapture RT-LAMP Detection Assay. Arch. Virol 161 (7): 1783-1795. 

Zhang S, Ravelonandro M, Chambers M, Briard P, Masson M, Amato M, Vrient A (2015). Rapid diagnostic detection of Plum pox virus by isothermal AmplifyRP^® and by Immunostrip^®. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1063:167-172. 

Zhang S, Russell P, McOwen N, Davenport B, Li R (2016). Development of a novel isothermal AmplifyRP^® assay for rapid detection of plum pox virus - a real-time and endpoint assay in a single PCR tube. The 3rd International Symposium on Plum Pox Virus, May 9-13, 2016, Antalya,Turkey.