SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Moeller, Steve (moeller.29@osu.edu) – The Ohio State University; Johnston, Lee (johnstlj@morris.umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Apgar, Gary (pigguy@siu.edu) - Southern Illinois University; Richert, Brian (brichert@purdue.edu) – Purdue University; Thaler, Robert (Robert.thaler@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University; Shannon, Marcia (CarlsonM@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri; Rozeboom, Dale (rozeboom@msu.edu) - Michigan State University (via phone).

The annual meeting of the NCERA-219 committee was held October 28-30, 2015 at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL. Host Dr. Gary Apgar provided leadership to the program and compiled an agenda that included visits with current department chair and university administration. Tours included the SIU animal facilities, composting site, and campus area. The group visited with representatives of The Maschhoffs, one of the largest swine producers in the United States. The meeting included a tour of the company’s swine finishing research facility and specific discussions regarding industry needs for research supported by university-led and collaborative, multi-segment research in swine production efficiency, productivity, and animal well-being.

 

Station reports from institutions present and some additional participating institutions were provided and discussions addressed institutional research and outreach education activities. The status of completed and yet to be published research was discussed with specific assignments regarding authorship and submission protocols established. In the past year, Dr. Lee Johnston secured a $30,000 research grant to study the influence of space allocation on pigs marketed at and above 300 pounds. Based on the secured funding, five participating universities will complete the study over the 2016 calendar room. Processes for the initiation of renewal documents for the NCERA-219 were discussed and a writing plan was established.

 

Dr. Robert Thaler was appointed as the 2016 President. Dr. Dale Rozeboom will serve as the 2016 Secretary.

Accomplishments

Short Term Outcomes:

Economic Outcomes from Multi-state efforts

1. Reduced Nocturnal Temperature Research - $34,000,000 annually ($1.71 per pig)

2. State-based Annual Educational Programming (based on Ohio survey responses adapted to national programming efforts): Cumulative impacts $0.30/pig marketed (~$31,000,000 annually in the US)

3. Ventilation Training: Over 60 million pigs influenced annually.

4. PorkBridge and SowBridge Distance Education: Survey estimate @ $1.00 per pig marketed (~$114,000,000 annually).

 

Publications:

48 Publications listed for the duration of the project.

Impacts

  1. Impact 1. Industry Grant: Objectives 2, 4, and 5. Industry grant: $30,000. 5/2009 to 5/2010. Minnesota Pork Board, Pork Checkoff. Reducing Energy Consumption in Swine Nurseries with Reduced Nocturnal Temperature. L. Johnston (U. MN.), M. Brumm (Brumm Swine Consultancy), S. Moeller (OSU), S. Pohl (SDSU), M. Shannon (U. MO.) and R. Thaler (SDSU). Collaborative research has shown that decreasing the indoor temperature in swine housing for weaned pigs by 15° F from 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. daily cut fossil fuel costs by 29%, saving US producers approximately $34,000,000 annually ($1.71 per pig), and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 140,720,000 kilograms (in CO2 equivalents) without an adverse impact on pig performance. As an example of outreach, Michigan State University conducted specific training on a statewide level addressing reduced temperature approaches. These findings represent the pork industries’ continued desire to use science as the basis for improving efficiency of energy use, improving pig health and productivity, and improving the influence of pig production on the environment.
  2. Impact 2. State Outreach Education Programming: Objectives 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. NCERA Committee Members maintain significant Extension appointments and directly influence swine producers and industry personnel through annual seminars in each state. Research results generated within NCERA-219 are passed directly to state and national audiences via direct presentation and discussion, reaching hundreds of individuals annually in each state. Annual Pork Congress and/or symposia are held in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and South Dakota. In Ohio alone, Post-program producer survey responses from 2011 to 2014 indicate educational benefits of the Ohio Pork Congress Symposium resulted in a direct economic impact of over $400,000 and the Swine Health Symposium economic impact totaled ~$565,000. Using reported pig production figures from respondents, the estimated economic impacts were ~$0.10 and $0.20 per pig marketed per entity reporting. In an industry where historical margins are $5.00 per pig marketed, attendance and implementation of scientific-based technologies and concepts to improve pig health, well-being, and productivity, savings of $0.30 per pig represent ~6% return on investment toward the margin.
  3. Impact 3. Distance Extension Education Programming: Objectives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. SowBridge® (focus on the breeding herd) and PorkBridge® (focus on the post-weaning pig) educational programs are monthly or bimonthly subscription/fee-based programs delivered directly to producer sites via phone/internet connection and delivery of presentations and factsheets via applicable media storage devices and internet access. Eleven collaborating institutions, including 9 states with NCERA-219 member leaders, coordinate and deliver research results specific to NCERA research objectives and outcomes to audiences in the US, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and Spain annually. A 2014 survey of participants, where a 3-point scale of response (1=no knowledge gained, 2=some knowledge gained, 3=a great deal of knowledge gained) indicated the audience gained the greatest knowledge in the areas of Swine Management (2.59), Animal Health (2.52), and Welfare (2.42), with lessor knowledge transferred in the areas of Employee Safety (2.13) and Animal Handling (2.13). Economic outcomes indicated the greatest return to producers in the areas of Facility Management to improve ventilation, maintenance, and energy efficiency with expected returns of $1.00 to $2.00 per pig marketed. Specific to the pigs, improved management and health through the implementation of knowledge gained were reported to improve returns of $1.00 to $3.00 per pig marketed. Extending the reach of educational programs is a priority for NCERA-219 members. NCERA-219 members have used proven delivery mechanisms with demonstrated positive global impacts on economic, pig wellbeing, and systems based efficiency outcomes.
  4. Impact 4. Swine Facilities Ventilation Training. Objectives 2, 3, 4, 5. Technological advances in building design and ventilation controllers necessitate an increasing need for hands-on training under applicable environmental conditions. Biosecurity concerns prevent individual on-site training in most instances; therefore, members of the NCERA-219 committee have been instrumental in the design of mobile ventilation training facilities to offer hands-on training without biosecurity risks. Collaboration and financial assistance from state organizations and industry have resulted in multi-university, multi-state investment in the mobile equipment and program delivery (ISU, SDSU, UMN, UNE, OSU). The Multi-state Ventilation Trailer Program has held over 60 workshops for over 1200 producers and veterinarians since 2010, influencing millions of pigs across the country. Improved ventilation in barns results in improved pig health while maintaining an optimum balance of energy use (heating fuel and electricity) to improve the sustainability of swine production.
  5. Impact 5. Industry Grant: $49,000. 5/2015 – 4/2016. Objectives 3, 4, 5. Minnesota Pork Board, Pork Checkoff. Do old floor space allowances apply to modern finishing pigs marketed at 300 lbs? L. Johnston (U. MN.), B. Richert (Purdue), M. Shannon (U. MO.), D. Rozeboom (MSU), S. Moeller (OSU). Market weight of US pigs continues to increase in response to market and efficiency signals. With the fundamental change in live weight, the science underpinning space allocations to accommodate larger pig size (dimension and weight) are necessary. The timely, industry funded, multi-university research project promises to address space allocation requirements based on primary measures of health, welfare, and productivity in modern swine finishing facilities.
  6. Impact 6. Strategies for managing group-housed breeding females. Changing perceptions and societal pressures continue to shape housing expectations for the swine breeding herd. Movement from individual stalls to group housing systems offer complex issues that can only be addressed in herds of sufficient size to allow valid, replicated science-based research in this area. Several NCERA 219 participants have extensive research and Extension programs working with sow housing issues. Colleagues at the University of Minnesota have access to a breeding herd that allows larger group- housing studies, Purdue University have focused on small group sow housing, and Michigan State University has been working with retrofitting facilities to manage group sow housing. They have undertaken multi-disciplinary research on group housing. With faculty expertise in welfare, nutrition, management, and health these teams have compiled an extensive publication record covering specific and multi-discipline approaches. Results of their efforts extend to NCERA functions through SowBridge, State Program Proceedings, factsheet dissemination, and international exposure in industry publications. As individual US states rapidly approach legislatively mandated moves from individual stall to group housing of breeding animals, producers have access to current data to support informed, animal-based, and economically feasible conversion or new build specifications for housing.
  7. Impact 7: Swine Feeding Approaches. Objective 1, 4, 5. Novel feeding strategies for alternative feedstuffs, feeding regimens, and interactive effects of feed bulk characteristics, feed nutrient composition, feed availability with animal productivity, efficiency, satiety, and general health and condition of pigs have been evaluated across NCERA-219 universities. Bulk density and flow-ability studies identify challenges presented by feeding DDGS and delivery of feed from the storage tanks to the pig feeder, potentially influencing the occurrence of an out-of-feed event. NCERA-219 research reports have shown that access to low-cost, nutrient dense byproduct feedstuffs (bakery, DDGS, milk products, pet foods, etc.) can reduce pig feed cost while maintaining efficiency and helping alleviate disposal of byproducts in conventional landfills. Peri- and Post-partum feeding strategies for the nursing sow have been shown to help ameliorate industry-observed feed intake reductions in nursing sows, resulting in improved sow body condition and improved return to successful conception.

Publications

  1. Rozeboom, D. W., L. Johnston, B.T. Richert and the NCERA- 219 Committee. 2014. Switching feed ingredients in/out of grow-finish diets. Proc. Midwest Swine Nutrition Conf. Indianapolis, IN. September 9. pp. 57-66
  2. Rozeboom, D.W. 2014. Feeding the sow: Peri-partum. Proc. London Swine Conference, Positioning for Success. London, ON, Canada. March 26. pp. 39-44.
  3. Phillips, C. E., C. Farmer, J. E. Anderson, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson, J. Deen, D. H. Keisler, A. M. Conner, and Y. Z. Li. 2014. Pre-weaning mortality in group-housed lactating sows: Hormonal differences between high risk and low risk sows. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2603-2611.
  4. Phillips, C. E., C. Farmer, J. E. Anderson, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson, J. Deen, D. H. Keisler, A. M. Conner, and Y. Z. Li. 2014. Pre-weaning mortality in group-housed lactating sows: Hormonal differences between high risk and low risk sows. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2603-2611.
  5. Janni, K.A., L. D. Jacobson, B. P. Hetchler, J. P. Oliver and L. J. Johnston. 2014. Semi-continuous air sampling versus 24-hour bag samples to evaluate biofilters on a swine nursery in warm weather. Trans. of ASABE 57(5): 1501-1515
  6. Li, X., S. K. Baidoo, Y. Z. Li, G. C. Shurson, and L. J. Johnston. 2014. Interactive effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and housing system on reproductive performance and longevity of sows over three reproductive cycles. J. Anim.Sci.92:1562-1573.   
  7. Li, Y. Z., C. E. Phillips, L. H. Wang, X. L. Xie, S. K. Baidoo, G. C. Shurson, and L. J. Johnston. 2013. Effects of distillers‘ dried grains with solubles on behavior of sows kept in a group-housed system with electronic sow feeders or individual stalls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93:57-66.
  8. Johnston, L. J., and Y. Z. Li. 2013. Performance and well-being of sows housed in pens retrofitted from gestation stalls. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5937-5945.
  9. L. J. Johnston, M. C. Brumm, S. J. Moeller, S. Pohl, M. C. Shannon, and R. C. Thaler. 2013. Effects of reduced nocturnal temperature on pig performance and energy consumption in swine nursery rooms. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 3429-3435.
  10. Hilbrands, A. M., L. J. Johnston, K. M. McClelland, R. B. Cox, S. K. Baidoo, L. W. O. Souza, and G. C. Shurson. 2012. Effects of abrupt introduction and removal of high and low digestibility corn distillers dried grains with solubles from the diet on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 91:248-258.
  11. Li, Y. Z., L. H. Wang, and L. J. Johnston. 2012. Effects of farrowing system on behavior and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1008-1014.
  12. Y. Z. Li, L. H. Wang, and L. J. Johnston. 2012. Sorting by parity to reduce aggression towards young sows in group-gestation housing systems. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4514-4522.
  13. Li, Y. Z., J. E. Anderson, and L. J. Johnston. 2012. Animal-related factors associated with piglet mortality in a bedded, group-farrowing system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92:11-20.
  14. Whang, L., Y. Z. Li, and L. J. Johnston. 2012. Effects of reduced nocturnal temperature on performance and behavior of nursery pigs. J. Integrative Agric. 11:1509-1516.
  15. Li, Y. Z., S. K. Baidoo, L. J. Johnston, and J. E. Anderson. 2011. Effects of tryptophan supplementation on aggression among group-housed gestating sows. J. Anim. Sci. 89:1899-1907.
  16. Hilbrands, A. M., K. A. Rosentrater, G. C. Shurson, and L. J. Johnston. 2014. Influence of storage bin design on flowability of DDGS-based pig diets. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):125 (Abstr.).
  17. Harris, E. K., M. A. Mellencamp, L. J. Johnston, and G. C. Shurson. 2014. Growth and cost analysis of immunologically castrated pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Proc. 45th Ann. Mtg. Amer. Assoc. Swine Vet. Pg. 397-398.
  18. Wang, L., L. Johnston, and Y. Li. 2014. What determines the social rank of a sow in a group-housing system? J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):116. (Abstr.)
  19. Wang, L., L. Johnston, and Y. Li. 2014. Effects of social rank on agonistic behaviors and associated injury scores of gestating sows at mixing. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2):115. (Abstr.)
  20. Li, X., G. C. Shurson, S. K. Baidoo, Y. Z. Li, and L. J. Johnston. 2013. Effects of gestation housing system on sow performance and longevity over three reproductive cycles. Manipulating Pig Prod. XIV. Proc. Australasian Pig Sci. Assoc. p. 240. (Refereed one-page paper).
  21. Janni, K. A., L. D. Jacobson, B. P. Hetchler, J. P. Oliver, and L. J. Johnston. 2013. Comparing semi-continuous air sampling versus 24-hour bag samples to monitor gas emissions and treatment from a swine nursery with biofilters. ASABE Paper No. 1605534, ASABE, St. Joseph, MI 49085
  22. Johnston, L., Y. Li, and A. Hilbrands. 2013. Performance and well-being of pregnant sows housed in pens retrofitted from stalls. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):18 (Abstr.)
  23. Swanson, J., Y. He, L. J. Johnston, and Y. Li. 2013. Can feeding stalls be used by low ranking sows as hiding spaces at mixing. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):89.
  24. Li, X., G. C. Shurson, S. K. Baidoo, Y. Li, and L. J. Johnston. 2013. Interactive effects of distillers dried grains with solulbles (DDGS) and housing system on litter performance, sow productivity, and sow longevity over 3 reproductive cycles. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):89.
  25. Li, Y. Z., L. J. Johnston, S. K. Baidoo, C. E. Phillips, L. H. Wang, X. L. Xie, and G. C. Shurson. 2012. Effect of feeding DDGS diets on behaviors of gestating sows in different housing systems. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):507.
  26. Li, Y. Z., L. H. Wang, L. J. Johnston, A. M. Hilbrands, and X. L. Xie. 2012. Sorting by parity improves welfare and performance of young sows in a group-housing gestation system. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):19.
  27. Li, Y. Z., L. H. Wang, L. J. Johnston, A. M. Hilbrands, and X. L. Xie. 2012. Behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):20.
  28. Johnston, L. J., M. C. Brumm, S. Moeller, S. Pohl, M. Shannon, and R. Thaler. 2012. Reducing energy consumption in swine nurseries with reduced nocturnal temperature (RNT). J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):20.
  29. McClelland, K. M., A. M. Hilbrands, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson, and R. B. Cox. 2012. Effects of frequent introduction and removal of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in growing-finishing swine diets on backfat fatty acid composition. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):98.
  30. Flohr, J. R., M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband.  2015.  Application of Alternative Floor Space Prediction Equations using Microsoft Excel®.   Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 7.
  31. Flohr, J. R., M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband.  2015.  Using Meta-analyses to Generate Alternative Prediction Equations for the Space Requirements of Finishing Pigs.   Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 7.
  32. Flohr, J. R., M. D. Tokach, John F. Patience, G. Gourley, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, and R.D. Goodband.  2015.  Re-evaluating Floor Space Allowance and Removal Strategy Effects on the Growth of Heavyweight Finishing Pigs.   Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 1: Iss. 7.
  33. Gowanlock, D. W., D. C. Mahan, J. S. Jolliff, S. J. Moeller, and G. M. Hill. 2013. Evaluating the NRC levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn using organic minerals for grower-finisher swine. J ANIM SCI 91:5680-5686.
  34. Wenner, B.A., H. N. Zerby, D. D. Boler, W. A. Gebreyes, and S. J. Moeller. 2013. Effect of mannan oligosaccharides (Bio-Mos) and outdoor access housing on pig growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition. J ANIM SCI 91:4936-4944.
  35. Poletto, R., H.W. Cheng, R.L. Meisel, B.T. Richert, and J.N. Marchant-Forde.   Gene expression of serotonin and dopamine receptors and monoamine oxidase-A in the brain of dominant and subordinate pubertal domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) fed a B-adrenoreceptor agonist.  Brain Research.  1381:11-20.
  36. Elmore, M.R., J.P. Garner, A. K. Johnson, R. D. Kirkden, B. T. Richert and E. A. Pajor.   Getting around social status:  Motivation and enrichment use of dominant and subordinate sows in a group setting.  App. Animal Behavior Sci.  133:154-163.
  37. Kanaan, V.T., D.C. Lay, B.T. Richert, and E.A. Pajor.   Increasing the frequency of co-mingling piglets during the lactation period alters the development of social behavior before and after weaning.  J. Appl. Anim. Welfare Sci. 15(2):163-180.
  38. Marchante-Forde, J.N., D.C. Lay Jr., R.M. Marchante-Forde, K.A. McMunn, and B.T. Richert.   The effects of R-salbutamol on growth, carcass measures, and health of finishing pigs.  J. Anim. Sci.  90(11):4081-4089.
  39. Williams, J.L., B.T. Richert, Marchante-Forde, J.N., and S.D. Eicher.   Behavioral changes in neonatal swine after an 8 –hour rest during prolonged transportation.  J. Anim. Sci.  90(9):3213-3219.
  40. Elmore, M.R., J.P. Garner, A. K. Johnson, R. D. Kirkden, B. T. Richert, and E. A. Pajor.   If you knew what was good for you!  The value of environmental enrichments with known welfare benefits is not demonstrated by sows using operant techniques.  J. App. Animal Wefare Sci. 15(3):254-271.
  41. Elmore, M.R.P., J.P. Garner, A. K. Johnson, R. D. Kirkden, E.G. Patterson-Kane, B. T. Richert, and E. A. Pajor.   Differing results for motivation tests and measures of resource use:  The value of environmental enrichment to gestating sows housed in stalls.  App. Animal Behavior Sci. 141:9-19.
  42. Rault, J.L., C.S. Carter, J.P. Garner, J.N. Marchant-Forde, B.T. Richert, and D.C. Lay.   Repeated intranasal oxytocin administration in early life dysregulates the HPA axis and alters social behavior.  Physiology & Behavior.  112-113, pp 40-48.
  43. Rault, J.L., L.A. Mack, C.S. Carter, J.P. Garner, J.N. Marchant-Forde, B.T. Richert, and D.C. Lay.   Prenatal stress puzzle, the oxytocin piece: prenatal stress alters the behavior and autonomic regulation in piglets, insights from oxytocin.  Appl. Anim. Behavior Sci.  148:1-2, pp 99-107.
  44. Mack, L.A., D.C. Lay, S.D. Eicher, A.K. Johnson, B.T. Richert, and E.A. Pajor. Growth and reproductive development of male piglets are more vulnerable than female piglets to mid-gestation maternal stress.  J. Anim. Sci.  92:530-548.
  45. Mack, L.A., D.C. Lay, S.D. Eicher, A.K. Johnson, B.T. Richert, and E.A. Pajor. Group Space allowance has little effect on sow health, productivity, or welfare in a free-access stall system.  J. Anim. Sci. 92:2554-2567.
  46. Schinckel, A.P., W. Steyn, E.C. Allen, C.A.P. Garbossa, J.M. Eggert, and B.T. Richert.   Effect of 2 net energy feeding programs in combination with ractopamine on grow-finish pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Prof. Animal Sci. 31:504-514.
  47. Sapkota, A., J. N. Marchant-Forde, B. T. Richert, and D. C. Lay, Jr. Including dietary fiber and resistant starch to increase satiety and reduce aggression in pregnant sows.  J. Anim. Sci. (In Press).
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