Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual NC1197 meeting was hosted by Senyu Chen at the University of Minnesota Arboretum. The meeting was called to order at 9:00 AM on 7/7/2015 with introductions, announcements, and discussion of meeting format. Steve Pueppke (administrative advisor) discussed the timeline and the requirements for renewal of the current project. The deadline for submitting a request to write a proposal is September 15, 2015. Objectives for renewal are due by October 15, 2015. The due date of the completed proposal is December 1, 2015. The objectives of the new proposal should be discussed and agreed by all the involved states. The renewal proposal should be broad and inclusive. Miller, an IPM specialist and guest from the University of Minnesota Arboretum, gave a PowerPoint presentation entitled: “Emerging Pests at the MN landscape Arboretum.” The meeting ended on 7/8/15 with discussion of potential sites and times for 2016. Tom Welacky agreed to make the local arrangements for the 2016 meeting in Montreal. Guiping Yan and Jamal Faghihi were nominated as next year’s Chair and secretary, respectively. The primary goal of this meeting was to present and discuss research results related to the project objectives. A complete file of the meeting minutes and submitted state reports is available upon request from Guiping Yan. A summary of these results with emphasis on decisions is presented below by objective: Objective 1: Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability. A. Evaluation of SCN-resistant soybean lines and cultivars. Several states (AR, IA, KS, MN, ND) and Ontario Canada have ongoing variety performance test trials against virulent soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG Types/races. Across these states and provinces, more than 900 cultivars and lines were tested. Some of these tests were performed in multiple locations representing diverse virulent forms of SCN. Results of the evaluations are typically presented online and in direct extension publications to growers and represent a valuable source of information for growers, breeders and seed companies. This information is useful for assessing the effects of the virulence type of the SCN population on agronomic performance of the soybean cultivars and for testing hypotheses on the adaptation of SCN populations to host resistance. B. Assessment of HG Types and other aspects of virulence. Several states (KS, IN, MN, AR, WI, ND) and Ontario Canada have ongoing surveys and evaluations of SCN HG Types/races. Assessment of HG type in most of the states was performed using a standardized bioassay under controlled conditions. Various HG Types were reported among states but HG Type 2 populations (capable of reproduction on PI88788) are common. This indicates that the common source of resistance (PI 88788) to SCN is not effectively controlling the SCN populations in the states. The spread of HG Type 2 populations is likely caused by the extensive use of soybean cultivars with PI88788 sources of resistance over years. We hypothesize that new virulent forms develop over time due to continuous use of the same sources of resistance. Monitoring SCN populations for changes in virulence across states or within a state is important to navigate the use of resistance sources for growers and the new resistance sources that should be introduced to breeding programs for developing new cultivars. C. Evaluation of new nematicidal seed treatments for management of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes. New chemical and biological seed treatment products have been introduced into the commercial market by agricultural companies for controlling both SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes. These products include Poncho Votivo, Avicta Complete, and Clariva/Pasturia. Assessment of these products and other chemical compounds is being performed in several states (IL, IN, MN, WI, AR, KS, ND, IA) and Ontario Canada. The effectiveness of these products on crop yield and nematode population densities was variable depending on levels of nematode populations, specific weather and soil conditions. D. Evaluation of rotational crops and cultural practices for SCN and corn-parasitic nematode management. A diverse set of trials were performed in several states (WI, MI, MN, KS) and Ontario Canada to evaluate the effects of cropping systems for suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. For example, the MacGuidwin lab (WI) studied nematode communities associated with corn in a long-term cropping system and found no differences in pressure from pest nematodes among conventional cash grain or organic grain or dairy corn enterprises. The effect of crop rotation and cover and trap cropping systems on sugar-beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schactii) was evaluated by the Melakeberhan lab (MI). The Chen lab (MN) continued field plots of a long-term corn-soybean crop sequence study and found that plant-parasitic nematodes partially contributed to the rotation effect on soybean and corn yields. The results from the Welacky lab (Ontario) revealed a large range of SCN reproduction on edible bean and the serious impact of potentially increasing SCN populations in a soybean-edible bean rotation system. E. Investigation of pest interactions involving plant-parasitic nematodes and their contribution to yield losses in North Central Region crops. The interaction between the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungal pathogen Fusarium verticilliodes was investigated by the MacGuidwin lab (WI). Four repeats of an experiment were conducted using four treatments: nematode only, fungus only, nematode + fungus, and a nontreated control. No treatment effects were detected for plant growth, plant biomass, or symptoms for plants grown for 24 days under controlled conditions. Objective 2: Determine the relationships among nematode population characteristics, crop injury, and soil health. A. Develop a list of damaging nematodes for corn and other major crops in the North Central Region. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn, wheat, sugarbeet and mint were determined in multiple states (e.g. OH, IN, WI) and Ontario Canada through both surveys as well as grower-submitted samples. Ongoing work in the Faghihi lab (IN) assayed the samples on corn and mint. Most of the corn samples have high levels of Needle, Lance and Lesion nematodes. Various plant-parasitic nematodes including Pin, Stunt, Spiral, Lesion, Needle and Root Knot were found in mint samples. Some of these nematodes like Root Knot and Needle were documented for the first time in Indiana. B. Determine damage thresholds for major corn-parasitic nematode species. There are relatively few studies documenting the impact of root-lesion nematodes on grain yield. A damage function for P. penetrans was developed by the MacGuidwin lab (WI) using a component error modeling approach. The model was able to estimate the yield loss caused by each nematode to be 0.0137% based on the initial soil assay. The damage function is more useful for demonstrating impact of lesion nematodes rather than for accurately predicting yield loss at the field level. A manuscript that revises outdated thresholds from multiple states is close to submission for publication for a new risk matrix of corn-parasitic nematodes. C. Characterize infraspecific variation in host-parasite interactions across the North Central Region. Results discussed in Objective 1B regarding HG Type variation are applicable to this sub-objective. D. Develop predictive models of nematode population dynamics for SCN and other regionally-important plant-parasitic nematodes. The Melakeberhan lab (MI) investigated the population dynamics of sugar beet cyst nematode in relationship to crop health, soil physiochemical properties, soil type, and soil food web structure. Principal component analysis showed distinct correlation patterns among crops grown in different soil types with nematode community indices and soil physiochemical properties. E. Identify sampling and extraction issues related to management of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the region. The proper sampling time for assessment of damage potential due to SCN was discussed. The committee agreed that fall sampling is valuable to detect high populations of SCN in field and make appropriate management recommendations for growers. To detect the presence or absence of nematodes, sampling can be done anytime throughout the year. The life cycle of nematodes should be considered for sampling. Objective 3: Develop tools for technology transfer for management of regionally important nematodes with special reference to soybean cyst nematode and corn parasitic nematodes. A. Assemble a dynamic database of soybean cultivar characteristics related to SCN resistance. Several states (IA, KS, ND) have provided open access to the characterization of SCN resistance in hundreds of soybean cultivars. In Iowa, the list was printed as an Extension publication and was made available to growers free of charge in printed form. B. Provide reliable information on the distribution of virulence phenotypes for SCN populations in the North Central Region. Most states are currently monitoring virulence changing of SCN populations and investigating the distribution of virulence phenotypes in association with HG Type testing (see Objective 1B). C. Provide readily accessible and reliable information on rapidly evolving nematode management strategies such as the new commercial seed treatments for nematode control. All states provided information regarding plant-parasitic nematodes to stakeholders through grower talks, online publications and individual consulting. D. Provide a consensus damage threshold for each of the major corn-parasitic nematodes in the NCR. A manuscript is in preparation by several state representatives and is close to submission for publication in Plant Disease describing a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes.

1. Hundreds of soybean lines and cultivars were tested for resistance to multiple SCN populations in various locations. This information has been made publically available through both free print and electronic distribution. 2. The distribution and virulence of SCN HG Types were assessed throughout the North Central Region. Recommendations were provided to growers based on these results. The information was also useful for navigating breeding programs for developing new resistant cultivars. 3. Commercially available new products of seed treatments for the control of nematodes on soybean and corn were evaluated in a wide-range of environmental conditions. This information was released to the public through field demonstrations, extension talks and electronic publications.

Journal Articles Bao, Y., Vuong, T., Meinhardt, C., Tiffin, P., Denny, R., Chen, S., Nguyen, H. T., Orf, J. H., and N. D. Young. 2014. Potential of association mapping and genomic selection to explore PI88788 derived soybean cyst nematode resistance. The Plant Genome 7:doi10.3835/lantgenome2013.11.0039. Bender, B., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Nematode pest pressure in long term corn based cropping rotations. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.166. Chen, P., Gray, C.P., Hart, T.L., Orazaly, M., Rupe, J.C., Dombek,D.G., Bond, R.D., Kirkpatrick,T., Robbins, R.T., and L.O. Ashlock. 2014. Registration of ‘UA 5612’ soybean. J. of Plant Reg. 8(2):145-149. Chen, P., Orazaly, M., Rupe, J.C., Dombek, D.G., Kirkpatrick, T., Robbins, R.T., Wu, C., and P. Manjarrez. 2014. Registration of ‘UA 5213C’ soybean. J. of Plant Reg. 8(2): 150-154. Hopkins, B. G., Horneck, D. A., and A. E. MacGuidwin. 2014. Improving phosphorus use efficiency through potato rhizosphere modification and extension. American Journal of Potato Research 91:161-174. Jiao, Y., Vuong, T.D., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Noe, J., Robbins, R.T. Joshi,T., Xu, D., Grover Shannon, J. and H.T. Nguyen. 2015. Identification of antitative trait loci underlying resistance to southern root-knot and reniform nematodes in soybean accession PI 567516C. Molecular Breeding (2015) 35:131. Marburger, D., Conley, S.P., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and Smith, D.L. 2014. Relationship between Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines in commercial soybean (Glycine max) Fields in Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0107. Todd, T.C., Appel, J.A., Vogel, J., and N.A. Tisserat. 2014. Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Kansas and eastern Colorado wheat fields. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0125. Zhao, X., and S. Chen. 2015. Decomposition of dead eggs of Heterodera glycines in soils. Nematropica 45:113-117. Abstracts and conference proceedings Beeman, A., Njus, Z., Jensen, J., Pandey, S., and G. Tylka. 2014. A microfluidic device to study chemotaxis of plant-parasitic nematodes of soybean. Proceedings of the 15th BiennialMolecular and Cellular Biology of the Soybean Conference, August 3-6, 2014, Minneapolis, MN. Page 102. Bender, B.E., and MacGuidwin, A.E. 2014. Nematode Community Structure in Corn-Based Cropping Systems Then (1995-1997) and Now (2012-2013). J. Nematol. 46(2):138 Bender, B., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Nematode pest pressure in long term corn based cropping rotations. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.166. Chawner, M., Ruark, M. D., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Assessing the effectiveness for nematode suppression by radish. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.167. Chen, S. Y., Bao, Y. Z., Grabau, J., and S. Xiao .2014. Effects of long-term corn-soybean crop sequences and nematicide treatments on corn and soybean yields. 2014 APS-CPS Joint Meeting Abstract. Web/URL: http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/2014_meeting abstracts/aps2014abP315.htm. Habteweld, A., Brainard, D., Ngouajio, M., Kravchenko, S., and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Potential use of compost for managing nematodes, soil health and carrot yield. 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 171. Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Simon, A. C. M., Dossman, B. C., Paul, P. A., Dorrance, A. E., Lindsey, L. E. and T. L. Niblack. 2015. Distribution and abundance of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in Ohio. Proceedings of the American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting in Pasadena, California, USA. Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Lindsey, L. E., Diers, B. W., Dorrance, A. E. and T. L. Niblack. 2015. Evaluating the effect of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in soybean production. Proceedings of the Society of Nematologists 54th Annual Meeting in East Lansing, Michigan, USA. Lopez-Nicora, H.D., Diers, B.W., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Macrophomina phaseolina and Heterodera glycines reducing soybean performance through early infection. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.72. Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Diers, B.W., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Marker-assessed selection in tandem with bioassay predict soybean response in field with SCN. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Evaluation of soybean fields infested with Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in southern Ohio. OARDC Poster Competition. Wooster, Ohio. Lunt, T. and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Interaction studies of Pratylenchus penetrans and Fusarium verticilliodes on corn seedlings. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.173. MacGuidwin, A. E. 2014. Nematode pests of potato – status and management updates. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 27:97-101. Marburger, D., Conley, J. S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2014. Relationship between SDS and SCN in Commercial Soybean Fields in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 53:136-140. Melakeberhan, H., Schmidt, T., Maung, Z.T.A. Teal, T., Yildiz, S., Kimenju, J.W., Kwoseh, C. and V. Saka. 2014. Quantifying biological basis of soil health degradation in selected sub-Saharan Africa soil groups. 6th International Congress of Nematology, May 9, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 205. Robbins, R. T., Fallen, B., Shannon, G., Chen, P., Kantartza, S. K., Faske, T.R., Jackson, L.E., Gbur, E.E., Dombek,D.G., Velie, J.T., and P. Arelli. 2015. Reniform nematode reproduction on soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2014. Proceeding of the 2015 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonia, TX. Jan 6-7. Pgs. 201-214. Tatalovic, N., Leandro, L.F., and G.L. Tylka. 2014. Effect of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) on age-related susceptibility of soybean plants to sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme. Phytopathology 104(S3):116-117. Thuo, A.K., Kimenju, J.W., Kariuki, G.M., Karuku, G.N., Wendot, P.K., and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Seasonal variations of nematode assemblages and diversity in Virtisols, Cambisols and Arenosols soil groups in Kenya. 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 247. Welacky, T.W. An abstract and poster was presented at the annual meeting of the North American Pulse Improvement Association, 2013, Niagara Falls Ontario. Welacky, T.W. and A. Navabi. 2013. Impact of Soybean Cyst Nematodes on Pulse Crops in Canada. Poster for the North American Pulse Improvement Association 2014 annual meeting, Niagara Falls, Ontario. Extension publications: Bohner, H. and T. Welacky. 2013, December. CropSide – Soybean Cyst Nematode. Grain Farmers of Ontario. www.gfo.ca/cropside Maung, Z.T.Z., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L. and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Effects of rotation and cover crops on harmful nematodes and soil health in loam and silt loam sugar beet fields. 2014 research Results, Michigan Sugar beet Research Education Advisory Council (REACH). 85-89. Mathew, F., Markell, S., Jantzi, D., Yan, G., Nelson, B., and T. Helms. 2014. Soybean cyst nematode. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication PP-1732. Jeanine M. 2013. It's Here to Stay - Soybean Cyst Nematode must be managed. Top Crop Manager east. Pg. 20-21. Kandel, H., Helms, T., Markell, S., Nelson, B., Jain, S., Deplazes, C., Mehring, G., Ostlie, M. Schatz, B., Besemann, L., Rickertsen, J., Olson, R., Eriksmoen, E., Tarasenko, J., Effertz, J., Hanson, R., Hakanson, T., Henry, L., Bergman, J., Pradhan, G., Amiot, D., Lamolinare, B., Tjelde, T., Zimprich, B., and A. Harstad. 2014. North Dakota soybean variety trial results for 2014 and selection guide. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication A-843. Potter, B., Chen, S., Glogoza, P., and R. Miller. 2015. A 2014 multi-site field study on the effects of clariva seed treatment on soybean yield and soybean cyst nematode reproduction. Minnesota Crop News. Web/URL: http://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2015/02/a-2014-multi-site-field-study-on.html Tenuta, A. and T. Welacky. 2014. Corn and soybean nematode management in Ontario. 2014 Research Highlights – Insects and Diseases. Grain Farmers of Ontario. www.gfo.ca/Research. Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2014. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 26 pp. Tylka, G.L., Gebhart, G.D., Marett, C.C., and M.P. Mullaney. 2014. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa – 2014. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52, 32 pp. Tylka, G. 2014. Cover crops and SCN: what’s the connection. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (25 September 2014). Tylka, G. 2014. One oft forgotten important fall chore – sampling fields for SCN. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (16 October 2014). Tylka, G. 2014. More choices of SCN-resistant soybean varieties for Iowa for 2015. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (21 October 2014). Tylka, G., C. Marett, A. Robertson, M. Serrano-Porras, and T. Mueller. 2015. Field experiments show effects of Clariva™ seed treatment in 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (6 February 2015). Tylka, G. Get to the root of the problem: an easy way to check for SCN. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (3 June 2015). Tylka, G. How’s your SCN resistance holding up? Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (22 June 2015). Welacky, T.W. Annual Reports - Ontario Soybean Variety Trials. Ontario Soybean And Canola Committee. 12 pages. Soybean Co-coordinator. Producer and editor of internet site, http://www.gosoy.ca that includes: Variety Information and Performance Profile (ViPP), performance graphs, % Protein and % Oil reports and tables of varietal responses to SCN and other important soybean diseases in Ontario.