Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Report from WERA-103 Advisor; Question and Answer (Rich Koenig):
State land grant schools are committed to allocate money to multi-state activities, one of which is WERA-103. Experiment Station Directors must approve renewal of multi-state projects every five years. WERA-103’s current approval ends September 30, 2015. Application for renewal for the period of October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2020 has been submitted. Proposal goes into NIMSS system. Experiment Station Directors will make a decision on the renewal application at their April, 2015 meeting in Portland, Oregon. Their recommendation will be forwarded to NIFA and an announcement regarding the application is expected in July or August, 2015.

Rich noted that having official industry representation is beneficial to the approval process. Rich mentioned that each state has at least one official representative who receives AES funds to travel to the meeting, but some have more than one. It is advantageous to reach out to other researchers in other states to encourage participation in the WERA 103 activities. Rich encouraged us to think about other ways besides the biennial conference the regional project could be effective to facilitate collaborative grant proposal and use expertise around the table to produce outputs that could potential influence policy, such as white papers on a particular topic. Soil health was brought up as an example of a topic that the group could provide science toward. Discussion followed. Rich mentioned that there is a lot of turnover at college level and don’t be surprised to see new faces.

The current membership list is not up-to-date. There are 24 registered members. Some industry members are not signed up, at least some due to problems in NIMSS. Rich will work with Ellen Yeates to straighten this out.

There was a discussion of WERA-104 committee composition. States can have more than one representative (and several do), but Experiment Stations are not committed to providing funding for more than one representative. Non-land grant university representatives are permissible (we have one from Brigham Young University) and it was agrees that we should consider inviting representatives from additional non-land grant schools. In addition, additional industry representation was discussed. It was agreed that more industry involvement is desirable, but that we must be careful to 1) make sure the industries are truly involved in nutrient management and 2) that we should be cognizant of practical committee size limitations. Discussion of establishing membership guidelines followed. No decision on writing or adopting guidelines was made, buy this will be a topic at the 2016 meeting.

The Western Nutrient Management Conference continues to be successful. The move to Reno, Nevada has improved attendance, particularly by consultants.

The groups could do more work on multi-state and university-industry grants.

The group could consider writing position papers on important policy items such as Cover Crops, or Soil Health. The current NRCS emphasis on soil health was discussed and concerns were noted regarding the de facto adoption of soil health standards, exemplified by the Haney test, in light of the lack of field testing and validation data. The committee consensus is that WERA-103 could make valuable contributions via production of white papers. There was also agreement that inclusion of NRCS representation in WERA-103 would be desirable.

There is an annual Experiment Station recognition award with a $5,000 monetary award that WERA-103 could apply for. The deadline for 2015 has passed. We would have to apply in the fall of 2015.

Treasurers Report (Phyllis Pates):
A treasurer’s report was submitted. Major points were:

1. Attendance in 2013 was 129, up over 62 to 90 of the previous four conferences. 2015 attendance is expected to be similar to 2013.
2. WERA-103 has a current bank balance of $15,564.38

Alan Blaylock asked about contingency money should the conference have a bad year due to weather or other reasons for low attendance. Discussed followed around creative ways to utilize some of the balance, especially if continues to rise. These included travel support for speakers or other activities for the committee. There was discussion of the registration fee ($125) which has not been changed in several years. Conference registration fees will be revisited at the 2016 meeting.

2015 Western Nutrient Management Conference overview and final details (David Tarkalson):
Don Horneck will be the recipient of the Leadership Award. Donations are being accepted to an Oregon State University scholarship in his name.

A significant number of WNMC presenters did not submit paper as required. There was a discussion about whether or not we should require papers. Some felt an abstract is sufficient, although several noted that the full papers provide a record of the meeting and a valuable resource that can be studied to provide more detail than can be gained during an oral presentation. Additionally, the existence of dual sessions at the WNMC makes it impossible for attendees to hear all talks. Full papers provide information of missed talks in parallel sessions. The exercise of preparing a full paper is also a valuable experience for student presenters. The conference proceedings and paper format should be a topic for the 2016 meetings.

Crops and Soils Magazine contributions:
We should provide an article for each of the bi-monthly issues. They can be adapted from Nutrient Digest articles. There are also regional issues with longer feature articles. David Tarkalson will inquire about the date of a Western issue. Commitments for 2015:

• David Tarkalson – Nitrogen in sugarbeets
• Grant Cardon – Nitrogen in corn following alfalfa
• Jay Norton – Dryland winter wheat
• Clain Jones – Nitrogen management
• Jonathon Deenik – Nutrient management in remote populations
• Joan Davenport – Late season N in grapes

2015-2016 WERA-103 Executive Committee:

• Joan Davenport, Chair
• Jim Walworth, Vice-chair
• Troy Bauder, Secretary

2016 WERA-103 meeting:
Will be held in Colorado, either Denver or Fort Collins area, Bob Miller and Troy Bauder will host.

Objective 1: Develop and/or improve nutrient recommendations for diverse cropping systems based on soil, water and plant analysis results and management strategies in the Western Region.

• a. Provide nutrient correlation and calibration data for crops in the region.
• b. Work toward uniformity of nutrient use recommendations for similar crop production systems in the region.
• c. Evaluate and apply new nutrient analytical and interpretive methodologies.
• d. Evaluate the efficacy of new fertilizers and formulations.

Many nutrient recommendations are based on dated calibration data collected from studies using old cultivars and no-longer used farming practices. We should focus on regional collaborations, combining information for specific crop growing areas. Examples include the potato region of Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, and the pecan area of New Mexico and Arizona. Collaborations should include formation of working groups, improved communication, and regional recommendations and publications. Current collaborations include joint calibration studies on nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and nickel on pecans produced in Arizona and New Mexico and sharing data between these two states. Joint extension publications are in preparation.

New analytical protocols are being adopted, but with little or no field calibration. Specifically, soil health tests (the Cornell Soil Health Assessment and the Haney Soil Health Test) are being adopted by soil testing labs and used by the NRCS despite lack of field evaluation. The need for improved nitrogen mineralization predictions are widely recognized, but it is unclear that the soil quality concept or the specific tests mentioned provide this. It is recommended that committee members conducting nutrient (particularly nitrogen) studies include an evaluation of the Haney test.

Relevant research:

• ARS projects in Idaho.
• In New Mexico, preliminary work on initial soil samples and cover crop trials and measurements.
• Projects in Wyoming collaboration with state agronomist evaluating traditional and Haney soil tests.
• Mixed cover crop study in Montana comparing Haney test and winter wheat yield the following year.

WERA103 is exploring the possibility of producing a white paper on soil health and soil health assessments. WERA103 members are individually communicating with state NRCS personnel to make sure new procedures are adequately vetted before widespread adoption. For example, WERA-103 members Tim Hartz, Dan Sullivan, Clain Jones, Jonathan Deenik, and Jay Norton have met with Western States NRCS agronomists to develop avenues for communication and cooperation on these issues.

There is a need to compile and make available existing data. Bryan Hopkins compilation of Avail studies, results of which were presented at the 2015 Western Nutrient Management Conference, is a great template. WERA-103 members could consider finding funding for personnel to do this work and exploring ways to communicate the resulting information.

Objective 2: Promote effective use of soil, water, plant, manure, and compost analytical information.

• a. Integrate analytical test results into nutrient management software
• b. Maintain and update the Western States Soil etc Testing Manual
• c. Review status of soil/plant/water analysis Extension guides and summarize interpretive guidance
• d. Explore method for internet distribution of methods manual, analytical interpretation guides etc. Website would be for clientele outreach.

Plans were made to revise the Soil, Plant and Water Reference Methods for the Western Region (2005 3rd Edition) to develop better guidance documents to cover uses and pitfalls of various soil test methods. The revision will be designed for someone who wants to understand the use of a test without having to work through the methods. We will begin with phosphorus: evaluate pH limits on use of P tests, correlation of extracts to one another, and accuracy of results at a range of concentrations. SSSA soil analysis methods books will be utilized where possible. The format will follow the Western Fertilizer Handbook. Dan nelson will be in charge of this effort. A session will be developed for the next WERA 103 conference reviewing the results of this work.

Objective 3: Provide education on the principles of soil-plant-animal-water system management and the tools and practices that lead to sustainable agricultural production.

• a. Facilitate regional education among government agencies, private industry and universities through conferences, websites, extension publications, newsletters, and other appropriate media.
• b. Disseminate information within the Western Region to extension educators, private agencies (e.g., Certified Crop Advisors) and other interested parties (e.g., K-12 teachers) through conferences, training the trainer opportunities, and access to published interpretive materials.
• c. Conduct direct education to agricultural producers through conferences, grower meetings, and published interpretive materials.

Educational materials and outputs supporting this objective include:

Publications:

One-Time Summer Tillage of Chemical Fallow in Dryland Winter Wheat Rotation Does Not Negate Long-Term Benefits Accrued Under No-Till Management. Urszula Norton; University of Wyoming. Nutrient Digest Spring 2014, Vol 6, Issue 1. http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/nutrient/pdf/Nutrient%20Digest_Spring2014.pdf

The New University of Idaho Cover Crop Calculator. Crops and Soils, Amber Moore; University of Idaho. Nutrient Digest Spring 2014, Vol 6, Issue 1. http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/nutrient/pdf/Nutrient%20Digest_Spring2014.pdf

Conservation in Furrow-Irrigation Cropping Systems. Nutrient Digest 6(1). Jay Norton; University of Wyoming. Nutrient Digest Spring 2014, Vol 6, Issue 1. http://www.extension.uidaho.edu/nutrient/pdf/Nutrient%20Digest_Spring2014.pdf

Soil Nutrient Management for Forages: Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur and Micronutrients. C. Jones and K. Olson-Rutz. MSU Extension Publications EB0217.

Soil Nutrient Management for Forages: Nitrogen. K. Olson-Rutz and C. Jones. 2014. MSU Extension. MSU Extension Publications EB0216.

Conferences

Idaho Nutrient Management Conference, 6 March 2014, Twin Falls, ID
Western Nutrient Management Conference Planning

Other

High Residue Farming in the Irrigated West, A Network for Extension, NRCS and other Field Personnel. WERA103 representation, Dr. Robert Flynn, New Mexico State University.

Canola and Pea Intercropping extension program beginning in 2015 – Joint Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho project.

Future:

We have commitments to produce five articles for Crops and Soils Magazine.

Precision Ag Seminar, Malheur OR Research and Extension R&E Center summer 2015. Oregon State University and the University of Idaho.

Investigate ways to improve the WERA-103 website for information outreach. Add a committee list and links to member websites, past tour photos.

Produce white paper: Cover crop practices that work in the arid and semi-arid west.

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Converting Reference Evapotranspiration into Turf Water Use. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension publication AZ1195. Bryla, D.R. and C.F. Scagel. 2014. Limitations of CaCl2 salinity to shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake in ‘Honeoye’ strawberry (Fragaria Í ananassa Duch.). J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 89:458-470. Bryla, D.R.and O. Vargas. 2014. Nitrogen fertilizer practices for rapid establishment of highbush blueberry: a review of 6 years of research. Acta Hort. 1017:415-421. Burgess, M., P. Miller, C. Jones, and A. Bekkerman. 2014. Tillage of cover crops affects soil water, nitrogen, and wheat yield components. Agronomy Journal. 106:1497-1508. Doi:10.2.134/agronj14.0007. Castro, S. 2014. Nitrogen fertilization management in organic processing tomato production: N sufficiency prediction through early-season soil and plant monitoring. M.S. Thesis, Univ. California - Davis. Cavender, G., M. Liu, D. Hobbs, B. Frei, B. Strik and Y. Zhao. 2014. 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