SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: NC1009 : Metabolic Relationships in Supply of Nutrients for Lactating Cows (NC-185)
- Period Covered: 01/01/2002 to 12/01/2002
- Date of Report: 12/23/2002
- Annual Meeting Dates: 10/21/2002 to 10/22/2002
Participants
Twenty-eight scientists participated in the annual meeting of the NC-1009 (formerly NC-185) Technical Committee in Salt Lake City on October 21 and 22, 2002. Henry Tyrrell, CSREES representative, updated the group with relevant national agricultural issues and policies. Steve Slack, administrative advisor, explained the administrative details that must be completed for continuation of a successful regional project. Each attending scientist reported on current activities as related to each of the three objectives. Scientific contributions of individual stations are summarized in the 2002 Annual Report. Information generated in the project is useful for (1) predicting lactation performances, (2) formulating diets for more efficient milk production, and (3) minimizing negative impact on the environment.
Accomplishments
Objective 1
To quantify properties of feeds that determine the availability of nutrients critical to milk production.
Major findings under Objective 1 during 2002 include:
Increasing post-ruminal fermentation of highly available fiber was postulated to increase the proportion of manure N in feces and decrease that in urine. Abomasal infusion of pectin tended to increase the proportion of fecal N (presumably bacterial N), which potentially could decrease ammonia N volatilization from dairy waste and decrease the negative impact on air quality (WI). Alfalfa silage and corn silage vary considerably in protein and rumen-degraded protein concentrations and might require different grain and protein supplementation strategies to convert the dietary protein more efficiently into milk protein and reduce urinary N excretion (USDA-DFRC). An intermediate protein concentration in the diet (16.5%) was most efficient, regardless of forage source. Because N can volatilize but P does not, the ratio of N:P before and after manure storage is a good indicator of N loss. Liquid slurry storage seemed the most efficient system for conserving N in manure, but 12 to 27% of N excreted still was lost into the atmosphere. In other research at USDA-DFRC, increasing dietary P from 0.38 to 0.48% or from 0.37 to 0.57% had no effect on reproductive measurements. Although the duration of estrus decreased with increasing milk production, the widespread notion in the field that increasing P concentration can increase ‘strength of heat‘ (duration of estrus) was disproven. Phosphorous availabilities of several feed ingredients were determined to be slightly higher than NRC (2001) values, further documenting that P does not need to be increased as a safety factor in dairy rations. Mechanically delinted cottonseeds were found to be of similar feeding value to that of whole linted cottonseeds, providing increased flexibility for use of whole cottonseeds in dairy rations. The bioavailability of two commercial rumen-protected methionine products or the isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (HMBi) was examined at NH. After balancing diets to be limiting in methionine and assuming a bioavailability of 80% for Smartamine M, HMBi was estimated to have bioavailability of 34 to 42%. Methionine bioavailability was estimated to be 50% and that of Mepron to be 40%. Bioavailability of unprotected lysine was virtually 0 and certainly much lower than the value of 20% that is sometimes used in the field. To elucidate the role of low pH in fiber digestibility in high-producing dairy cattle fed high-grain rations, three concentrations of sucrose were added to in vitro batch cultures of rumen microbes (FL). Microbial yield increased rapidly, plateaued, and started decreasing. Bacteria stored more dextran ("microbial glycogen") with increasing sucrose. Increasing the pH of the medium prevented sucrose-mediated declines in fiber digestibility. Patulin, a mycotoxin that can contaminate fermented feeds, linearly decreased microbial N flow, and all concentrations of patulin decreased acid-detergent fiber digestibility in continuous culture of rumen microbes (MN and FL). Source of dietary fat had minor effects on microbial N flow or digestibility. A novel legume, Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) was shown to have potential to be useful for grazing ruminants. As an estimation of the importance of microbial populations in protein nutrition of dairy cattle, solid-associated bacteria had lower crude protein percentage than did liquid-associated bacteria, but both fractions have high (91.6 to 96.6%) true intestinal digestibility of protein. Scientists at OH described an improved procedure to isolate ruminal protozoa without biasing distribution of protozoal genera relative to the starting ruminal fluid and to decrease contamination by bacteria. This procedure is necessary to be used as a standard preparation to quantify protozoal N by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Such work is necessary to improve prediction of microbial N flow to the duodenum by models. They also demonstrated that analysis of bacterial community structure by ribosome intergenic spacer region analysis has potential utility to document changes in populations of ruminal bacteria and to prioritize further studies to assess those changes. Scientists at PA in cooperation with others at IN and AL showed that prepartal dietary monensin altered ruminal production rates of volatile fatty acids, although dry matter intake had a greater overall effect on production of those acids. A continuous culture system was used to simulate effects of concentrate supplementation to cows on pasture (PA). Concentrate supplementation decreased pH in the fermenters but did not affect fiber digestibility at the same intake of pasture. Diets to lactating cows were top-dressed with five sources of (DHA). Supplementation of diets with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased liver DHA concentration, regardless of ruminal protection, but also depressed dry matter intake (IN). These results still might be useful to improve the healthfulness of milk for humans. Other studies at IN used DNA microarray technology to identify genes that responded to physiological changes, especially genes regulating glucose synthesis and urea cycle activity in the liver. Gene transcript variants of pyruvate carboxylase seem important in the cow‘s adaptability from the dry period to the much higher metabolic demands of lactation. Feed restriction or force-feeding through rumen cannula of feed for dry cows did not improve but tended to decrease feed intake and milk production post-partum. Although consumption of pasture increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration in milk compared with feeding of conserved forages, supplementation of extruded soybeans (rich in linoleic acid, the precursor to CLA) did not increase milk CLA further (UT). When fed the same diets, Brown Swiss produced milk with higher CLA concentrations than did Holsteins or Jerseys. Aryshires and Holsteins had higher CLA concentrations than did Guernseys and Jerseys. Research at KS indicated that 4 X milking during the first 30 days of lactation improved milk yield but not after cows were switched to 2 X milking on day 31 of lactation. Early postpartal estradiol cypionate therapy increased pregnancy rates but decreased milk yields when cows were milked 4 X daily unless treated with BST. Substitution of digestible fiber for a portion of dietary starch improves dry matter intake during the first 90 days of lactation and milk yield after 90 days in milk. Soyhull substitution for corn increased ruminal fiber digestibility and decreased digestibility of nonstructural carbohydrate (IL). Concomitantly, milk fat percentage increased. Flow of nitrogenous components to the small intestine was unaffected by treatment. Soyhulls could contribute satisfactorily up to 30% of the diet before limiting energy for milk production.
Objective 2
To quantify metabolic interactions among nutrients that alter synthesis of milk.
Major findings under Objective 2 during 2002 include:
Sunflower and canola seeds are readily available oilseeds with potential to increase the concentration of CLA in milk (ND). Both sources increased concentrations of CLA and one of its metabolic precursors, vaccenic acid, in milk. Feed-grade urea that was coated with a polymer to slow its breakdown to ammonia in the rumen was not effective at decreasing N excretion in dairy waste. A mixture of fungal fibrolytic enzymes supplemented to dairy diets have potential to improve dry matter digestibility and influence milk production (VT). Faster growth decreases feed and total costs of dairy heifer raising but also seems to decrease milk production capabilities of those heifers in subsequent lactation (MI). On the basis of studies with intramammary infusion of hormones, insulin-like growth factor I seems to increase, but leptin seems to decrease the proliferation of mammary parenchymal epithelial cells in prepubertal heifers. Feeding calves to gain about 700 grams/day from two to eight weeks of age enhanced mammary development. However, feeding for faster growth after weaning but before puberty increased deposition of mammary adipose tissue. These results from MI demonstrate that we can adapt this knowledge to lessen the nutritional impairment of mammogenesis by managing heifer body condition. Studies at AL and PA indicate that feeding monensin prepartally had no effect on postpartal plasma amino acid concentrations. Accumulation of lipid in the liver decreases feed intake and is often a precursor event to ketosis and other metabolic problems occurring after calving (SD). Rumen-protection of fructose improved the carbohydrate status of dairy cows, preventing the onset of fatty liver and ketosis. Feeding whey (a by-product of cheese-making) containing lactose might increase significantly the amount of butyric acid produced by ruminal microbes, thereby increasing the surface area of rumen papillae for absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen. Glycerol, which is a derivative of soy-diesel production, seemed to prevent ketosis in cows during early lactation. To study the disparity in the amount of amino acids that disappear from the small intestine and the net absorption measured by catheterization of the venous blood vessels, intestinal mucosa cells were incubated with radiolabeled glucose, glutamate, or glutamine (MD and USDA-BARC). Results to date indicate that glucose/glutamine and glutamine/glutamate seem to be interchangeable as oxidative substrates in the mucosal cells. Feeding increasing amounts of calcium salts of trans long-chain fatty acids linearly decreased dry matter intake and milk fat percentage (MD). Calcium salts of CLA decreased milk fat percentage by 24% compared with the control. The amount of CLA reaching the duodenum is relatively low compared with the amount produced by intestinal desaturase from trans monounsaturated precursors. Subcutaneously injected glucagon has been used to treat (starting on day 8 for 14 days of lactation) and to prevent (starting on day 1) fatty liver disease in dairy cows. Blood metabolites demonstrate the usefulness of glucagon administration to treat cows older than 3.5 years but not those younger than that age. These changes occur without compromising lactation performance or reproductive fertility. It also increased blood glucose concentration linearly and decreased plasma. Fatty liver development seems associated with inflammatory response (IA).
Objective 3
To use these quantitative relationships to challenge and refine computer-based nutrition systems for dairy cattle.
Major findings under Objective 3 during 2002 include:
Separation and quantification of milk proteins by electrophoresis is being used for the development of a mammary submodel of milk synthesis at DE. Scientists at CA demonstrated how to use SAS to stimulate metabolic data. They demonstrated the importance of making sure that a final solution produced from software is indeed the best solution (iteration reaches a "global" minimal sum of squares) rather than a "local" (i.e., not unique) solution. The California cow model "Molly" was challenged with serum amino acid data and corresponding model inputs derived from experimentation by WA scientists. The model simulated the use of amino acids for muscle and milk protein synthesis and responded as expected to an increase in methionine supply by sparing muscle tissue while supplying adequate amounts for milk production. Research at Purina Mills Inc. is focused on development of a new model to predict VFA concentration in the rumen.
To quantify properties of feeds that determine the availability of nutrients critical to milk production.
Major findings under Objective 1 during 2002 include:
Increasing post-ruminal fermentation of highly available fiber was postulated to increase the proportion of manure N in feces and decrease that in urine. Abomasal infusion of pectin tended to increase the proportion of fecal N (presumably bacterial N), which potentially could decrease ammonia N volatilization from dairy waste and decrease the negative impact on air quality (WI). Alfalfa silage and corn silage vary considerably in protein and rumen-degraded protein concentrations and might require different grain and protein supplementation strategies to convert the dietary protein more efficiently into milk protein and reduce urinary N excretion (USDA-DFRC). An intermediate protein concentration in the diet (16.5%) was most efficient, regardless of forage source. Because N can volatilize but P does not, the ratio of N:P before and after manure storage is a good indicator of N loss. Liquid slurry storage seemed the most efficient system for conserving N in manure, but 12 to 27% of N excreted still was lost into the atmosphere. In other research at USDA-DFRC, increasing dietary P from 0.38 to 0.48% or from 0.37 to 0.57% had no effect on reproductive measurements. Although the duration of estrus decreased with increasing milk production, the widespread notion in the field that increasing P concentration can increase ‘strength of heat‘ (duration of estrus) was disproven. Phosphorous availabilities of several feed ingredients were determined to be slightly higher than NRC (2001) values, further documenting that P does not need to be increased as a safety factor in dairy rations. Mechanically delinted cottonseeds were found to be of similar feeding value to that of whole linted cottonseeds, providing increased flexibility for use of whole cottonseeds in dairy rations. The bioavailability of two commercial rumen-protected methionine products or the isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (HMBi) was examined at NH. After balancing diets to be limiting in methionine and assuming a bioavailability of 80% for Smartamine M, HMBi was estimated to have bioavailability of 34 to 42%. Methionine bioavailability was estimated to be 50% and that of Mepron to be 40%. Bioavailability of unprotected lysine was virtually 0 and certainly much lower than the value of 20% that is sometimes used in the field. To elucidate the role of low pH in fiber digestibility in high-producing dairy cattle fed high-grain rations, three concentrations of sucrose were added to in vitro batch cultures of rumen microbes (FL). Microbial yield increased rapidly, plateaued, and started decreasing. Bacteria stored more dextran ("microbial glycogen") with increasing sucrose. Increasing the pH of the medium prevented sucrose-mediated declines in fiber digestibility. Patulin, a mycotoxin that can contaminate fermented feeds, linearly decreased microbial N flow, and all concentrations of patulin decreased acid-detergent fiber digestibility in continuous culture of rumen microbes (MN and FL). Source of dietary fat had minor effects on microbial N flow or digestibility. A novel legume, Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) was shown to have potential to be useful for grazing ruminants. As an estimation of the importance of microbial populations in protein nutrition of dairy cattle, solid-associated bacteria had lower crude protein percentage than did liquid-associated bacteria, but both fractions have high (91.6 to 96.6%) true intestinal digestibility of protein. Scientists at OH described an improved procedure to isolate ruminal protozoa without biasing distribution of protozoal genera relative to the starting ruminal fluid and to decrease contamination by bacteria. This procedure is necessary to be used as a standard preparation to quantify protozoal N by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Such work is necessary to improve prediction of microbial N flow to the duodenum by models. They also demonstrated that analysis of bacterial community structure by ribosome intergenic spacer region analysis has potential utility to document changes in populations of ruminal bacteria and to prioritize further studies to assess those changes. Scientists at PA in cooperation with others at IN and AL showed that prepartal dietary monensin altered ruminal production rates of volatile fatty acids, although dry matter intake had a greater overall effect on production of those acids. A continuous culture system was used to simulate effects of concentrate supplementation to cows on pasture (PA). Concentrate supplementation decreased pH in the fermenters but did not affect fiber digestibility at the same intake of pasture. Diets to lactating cows were top-dressed with five sources of (DHA). Supplementation of diets with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased liver DHA concentration, regardless of ruminal protection, but also depressed dry matter intake (IN). These results still might be useful to improve the healthfulness of milk for humans. Other studies at IN used DNA microarray technology to identify genes that responded to physiological changes, especially genes regulating glucose synthesis and urea cycle activity in the liver. Gene transcript variants of pyruvate carboxylase seem important in the cow‘s adaptability from the dry period to the much higher metabolic demands of lactation. Feed restriction or force-feeding through rumen cannula of feed for dry cows did not improve but tended to decrease feed intake and milk production post-partum. Although consumption of pasture increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration in milk compared with feeding of conserved forages, supplementation of extruded soybeans (rich in linoleic acid, the precursor to CLA) did not increase milk CLA further (UT). When fed the same diets, Brown Swiss produced milk with higher CLA concentrations than did Holsteins or Jerseys. Aryshires and Holsteins had higher CLA concentrations than did Guernseys and Jerseys. Research at KS indicated that 4 X milking during the first 30 days of lactation improved milk yield but not after cows were switched to 2 X milking on day 31 of lactation. Early postpartal estradiol cypionate therapy increased pregnancy rates but decreased milk yields when cows were milked 4 X daily unless treated with BST. Substitution of digestible fiber for a portion of dietary starch improves dry matter intake during the first 90 days of lactation and milk yield after 90 days in milk. Soyhull substitution for corn increased ruminal fiber digestibility and decreased digestibility of nonstructural carbohydrate (IL). Concomitantly, milk fat percentage increased. Flow of nitrogenous components to the small intestine was unaffected by treatment. Soyhulls could contribute satisfactorily up to 30% of the diet before limiting energy for milk production.
Objective 2
To quantify metabolic interactions among nutrients that alter synthesis of milk.
Major findings under Objective 2 during 2002 include:
Sunflower and canola seeds are readily available oilseeds with potential to increase the concentration of CLA in milk (ND). Both sources increased concentrations of CLA and one of its metabolic precursors, vaccenic acid, in milk. Feed-grade urea that was coated with a polymer to slow its breakdown to ammonia in the rumen was not effective at decreasing N excretion in dairy waste. A mixture of fungal fibrolytic enzymes supplemented to dairy diets have potential to improve dry matter digestibility and influence milk production (VT). Faster growth decreases feed and total costs of dairy heifer raising but also seems to decrease milk production capabilities of those heifers in subsequent lactation (MI). On the basis of studies with intramammary infusion of hormones, insulin-like growth factor I seems to increase, but leptin seems to decrease the proliferation of mammary parenchymal epithelial cells in prepubertal heifers. Feeding calves to gain about 700 grams/day from two to eight weeks of age enhanced mammary development. However, feeding for faster growth after weaning but before puberty increased deposition of mammary adipose tissue. These results from MI demonstrate that we can adapt this knowledge to lessen the nutritional impairment of mammogenesis by managing heifer body condition. Studies at AL and PA indicate that feeding monensin prepartally had no effect on postpartal plasma amino acid concentrations. Accumulation of lipid in the liver decreases feed intake and is often a precursor event to ketosis and other metabolic problems occurring after calving (SD). Rumen-protection of fructose improved the carbohydrate status of dairy cows, preventing the onset of fatty liver and ketosis. Feeding whey (a by-product of cheese-making) containing lactose might increase significantly the amount of butyric acid produced by ruminal microbes, thereby increasing the surface area of rumen papillae for absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen. Glycerol, which is a derivative of soy-diesel production, seemed to prevent ketosis in cows during early lactation. To study the disparity in the amount of amino acids that disappear from the small intestine and the net absorption measured by catheterization of the venous blood vessels, intestinal mucosa cells were incubated with radiolabeled glucose, glutamate, or glutamine (MD and USDA-BARC). Results to date indicate that glucose/glutamine and glutamine/glutamate seem to be interchangeable as oxidative substrates in the mucosal cells. Feeding increasing amounts of calcium salts of trans long-chain fatty acids linearly decreased dry matter intake and milk fat percentage (MD). Calcium salts of CLA decreased milk fat percentage by 24% compared with the control. The amount of CLA reaching the duodenum is relatively low compared with the amount produced by intestinal desaturase from trans monounsaturated precursors. Subcutaneously injected glucagon has been used to treat (starting on day 8 for 14 days of lactation) and to prevent (starting on day 1) fatty liver disease in dairy cows. Blood metabolites demonstrate the usefulness of glucagon administration to treat cows older than 3.5 years but not those younger than that age. These changes occur without compromising lactation performance or reproductive fertility. It also increased blood glucose concentration linearly and decreased plasma. Fatty liver development seems associated with inflammatory response (IA).
Objective 3
To use these quantitative relationships to challenge and refine computer-based nutrition systems for dairy cattle.
Major findings under Objective 3 during 2002 include:
Separation and quantification of milk proteins by electrophoresis is being used for the development of a mammary submodel of milk synthesis at DE. Scientists at CA demonstrated how to use SAS to stimulate metabolic data. They demonstrated the importance of making sure that a final solution produced from software is indeed the best solution (iteration reaches a "global" minimal sum of squares) rather than a "local" (i.e., not unique) solution. The California cow model "Molly" was challenged with serum amino acid data and corresponding model inputs derived from experimentation by WA scientists. The model simulated the use of amino acids for muscle and milk protein synthesis and responded as expected to an increase in methionine supply by sparing muscle tissue while supplying adequate amounts for milk production. Research at Purina Mills Inc. is focused on development of a new model to predict VFA concentration in the rumen.
Impacts
- Developed methods for protozoal contribution to absorbed nutrients.
- Demonstrated that N to P ratio in manure estimates N loss via manure.
- NRC recommendations for N and P were supported.
- Soyhulls can replace part of dietary corn.
- Oil seeds and pasture increase conjugated linoleic acid and thus healthfulness of milk.
- Glucagon will prevent and treat fatty liver in periparturient cows.
- Molly computer program estimates use of metabolic paths for milk synthesis.
Publications
Refereed publications of NC-1009 (formerly NC-185) Committee members during 2002
Abu-Ghazaleh, A.A., D.J. Schingoethe, A.R. Hippen, and L.A. Whitlock. 2002. Feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 85:624-631.
Agca, C., R.B. Greenfield, J.R. Hartwell, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Cloning of bovine liver cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and characterization during the transition to lactation. Physiol. Genom. (Accepted).
Auchtung, T.L., D.J. Baer, R.A. Erdman, S.M. Barao, and G.E. Dahl. 2002. Relation of growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone to estimation of milk production via deuterium oxide dilution in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1270-1274.
Bargo, F., L.D. Muller, G.A. Varga, J.E. Delahoy, and T.W. Cassidy. Ruminal digestion and fermentation of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2964-2973.
Bargo, F., G.A. Varga, L.D. Muller, and E.S. Kolver. 2002. Digestion of pasture only and pasture plus concentrate diets during continuous culture fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Bequette, B.J., C.E. Kyle, L.A. Crompton, S.E. Anderson, and M.D. Hanigan. 2002. Endocrine and substrate regulation of protein metabolism in lactating goats. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Bequette, B.J., C.E. Kyle, L.A. Crompton, A. G. Calder, and M.D. Hanigan. 2002. Protein metabolism in lactating goats subjected to the insulin clamp. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1546-1555.
Bobe, G., R.N. Sonon, B.J. Ametaj, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2003. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to single and multiple injections of glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Impact of feeding a raw soybean hull-condensed corn steep liquor pellet on induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2000-2008.
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. A pelleted combination of raw soyhulls and condensed corn steep liquor for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, K.C. Behnke, E.C. Tiggemeyer, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Development and evaluation of a pelleted feedstuff containing condensed corn steep liquor and raw soybean hulls for dairy cattle diets. J. Feed Sci. Technol. (Accepted).
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, R.R. Gimenez, J.L. Walters, and R. Treacher. 2002. Efficacy of cellulase and xylanase enzyme application on forage prior to feeding for dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 101:114-125.
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, I.S. MacQueen, and R.L. Boman. 2002. Influence of corn processing and frequency of feeding on cow performance. J. Dairy Sci. 85:217-226.
Firkins, J.L., D.I. Harvatine, J.T. Sylvester, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Lactation performance by dairy cows fed wet brewers grains or whole cottonseed to replace forage. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2662-2668.
Galo, E., S.M. Emmanuele, C.J. Sniffen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2003. Evaluation of slow-release urea product on nitrogen balance in lactating Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
Guan, X., B.J. Bequette, A.G. Calder, P.K. Ku, K.N. Ames, and N.L. Trottier. 2002. Amino acid availability affects amino acid trans-membrane transport of amino acids and protein metabolism in the porcine mammary gland. J. Nutr. 132:1224-1234.
Hall, M.B. and C. Jerejk. 2001. Differences in yields of microbial crude protein from in vitro fermentation of carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2486-2493.
Hanigan, M.D., B.J. Bequette, L.A. Crompton, J. France. 2001. Modelling mammary amino acid metabolism. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70:63-78.
Hanigan, M.D., L.A. Crompton, B.J. Bequette, J.A.N. Mills, and J. France. 2002. Modelling mammary amino acid metabolism in the lactating cow: Pattern and sensitivity analyses and an independent challenge. J. Theor. Biol. 217:311-330.
Harvatine, D.I., J.L. Firkins, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Whole linted cottonseed as a forage substitute fed with ground or steam-flaked corn: Digestibility and performance. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1976-1987.
Harvatine, D.I., J.E. Winkler, M. Devant-Guille, J.L. Firkins, N.R. St-Pierre, B.S. Oldick, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Whole linted cottonseed as a forage substitute: Fiber effectiveness and digestion kinetics. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1988-1999.
Hughes, C.L. and T.R. Dhiman. 2002. Dietary compounds in relation to dietary diversity and human health. J. Medicinal Food 5:51-68.
Mabjeesh, S.J., Kyle, C.E., MacRae, J.C., and Bequette, B.J. 2002. Vascular sources of amino acids for milk protein synthesis in goats at two stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 85:919-929.
Ordway, R.S., V. Ishler, and G.A. Varga. 2002. Effect of sucrose supplementation on dry matter intake, milk (yield) and blood metabolites of periparturient Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:879-888.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, M.J. Meyer, M.J. VanBaale, and M.J. VandeHaar. 2002. Effect of protein level in prepartum diets on metabolism and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1815-1828.
Perkins, K.H., M.J. VandeHaar, J.L. Burton, J.S. Liesman, R.J. Erskine, and T.H. Elsasser. 2002. Clinical responses to intramammary endotoxin infusion in dairy cows subjected to feed restriction. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1724-1731.
Piperova, L.S., J. Sampugna, B.B. Teter, K.F. Kalscheur, M.P. Yurawecz, Y. Ku, K.M. Morehouse, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers indicate that postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis-9-containing CLA in lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr. 132:1235-1241.
Schroeder, J.W., W.L. Keller, and C.S. Park. 2002. Glucose restriction and refeeding regimen alters proliferation and differentiation of HC11 mammary cells. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 38:135-136.
Schroeder, J.W. 2002. Optimizing the level of wet corn gluten feed in the diet of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1669-1678.
Schwab, C.G., T.P. Tylutki, R.S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer, and M.D. Stern. 2003. New concepts and developments in forage and feedstuff analysis and applications to ruminant nutrition: Characterization of proteins in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, B.K. Whitlock, R.P. Radcliff, and H.A. Tucker. 2002. Short communication: Relationship of body growth to mammary development in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 85:(In press).
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, M.S. Weber-Nielsen, and G.W. Smith. 2002. Evidence for a local effect of leptin on bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 85:(In press).
Tapia, M.O., M.D. Stern, R.L. Koski, A. Bach, and M.J. Murphy. 2002. Effects of patulin on microbial fermentation in continuous culture fermenters. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 97:239-246.
Tyler, P.A. and K.A. Cummins. 2002. Effect of dietary ascorbyl-2-phosphate on immune function of dairy heifers following transport to a rearing facility. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Whitlock, B.K., M.J. VandeHaar, and H.A. Tucker. 2002. Effect of dietary protein on prepubertal mammary development in rapidly growing dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1516-1525.
Book chapters and reviews during 2002
Bequette, B.J. 2003. Amino acid metabolism in animals: An overview. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition [J.P.F. D‘Mello, editor] Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Bequette, B.J., H. Lapierre, and M.D. Hanigan. 2003. Amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of lactating ruminants. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition [J.P.F. D‘Mello, editor] Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Non-refereed publications during 2002
Bateman, H.G. II and J.H. Clark. 2002. The use of computer models to predict passage of crude protein and amino acids to the small intestine of lactating cows. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp. 57-59.
Bequette, B.J. 2002. Amino acid metabolism in dairy cows. 49th Maryland Nutr. Conf. Feed Mfgrs.
Blevins, C.A., J.J. Aberle, J.E. Shirley, B.A. Hensley, S.M. Tiffany, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Milking frequency, estradiol cypionate, and bST alters milk yield and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:11.
Burgos, M.V., J.E. Shirley, and E.C. Titgemeyer. 2002. Comparative study of three expeller process soybean meals in diets for lactating dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:8.
Donkin, S.S. 2002. Rumen-protected choline: Potential for improving health and production in dairy cows. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf. Proc. Pp. 55-66.
Eicher, S.D., K.A. McMunn, H.M. Hammon, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Toll-like receptors and acute phase cytokine gene expression in dexamethasone and growth hormone treated calves. Submitted to Cytokines and Interferons 2002, the Joint Meeting of The International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, The Society for Leukocyte Biology, The International Cytokine Society, and The European Cytokine Society, Turin, Italy.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, A.F. Park, D.E. Johnson, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Diet digestibility and rumen traits in response to feeding wet corn gluten feed and a pellet consisting of raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:6.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, A.F. Park, D.E. Johnson, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Complete lactation performance of cows fed wet corn gluten feed and pellet consisting of raw soybean hulls and corn steep liquor. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:7.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Working with sugars (and molasses). Proc. 13th Annu. Florida Ruminant Nutr. Symp., Gainesville, FL. Pp. 149-161.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Starch: Analysis, availability and feeding. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., Syracuse, NY.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Working with non-NDF carbohydrates with manure evaluation and environmental considerations. Mid-South Ruminant Nutr. Conf., Dallas, TX.
Hammond, A., J.E. Shirley, M.V. Scheffel, E.C. Titgemeyer, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Performance of dairy heifers fed high forage diets supplemented with bambermycins, lasalocid, or monensin. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:10.
Klopfenstein, T., R. Angel, G.L. Cromwell, G.E. Erickson, D.G. Fox, C. Parsons, L.D. Satter, and A.L. Sutton. 2002. Animal diet modification to decrease the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. CAST Issue Paper. Number 21. Ames, IA.
Miller, W.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, M.J. Brouk, and M.V. Scheffel. 2002. Comparative value of full-fat corn germ, whole cottonseed, and tallow as energy sources for lactating dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:9.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, N. Wallace, T.G. Nagaraja, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Changes in ruminal microbial populations in transition dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:5.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Metabolic changes during the transition period. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:3.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, T.G. Nagaraja, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Characteristic changes of ruminal fermentation in transition dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:4.
Schwab, C.G. 2002. Ruminally protected amino acids. In: Ency. Dairy Sci. H. Roginski, J.W. Fuquay, and P.F. Fox (eds).
Underwood, J.P., J.K. Drackley, and J.H. Clark. 2002. Performance by Holstien cows fed different amounts and sources of supplemental protein prepartum and postpartum. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp. 60-61.
Varga, G.A. and M. Pickett. 2002. Strategies for feeding the transition cow. Southwest Nutr. Conf., Houston, TX.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Dry cow feeding management: New strategies. NE Bovine Pract. Conf., Syracuse, NY.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Energy levels in transition diets-enough but not too much. Amer. Assoc. Bovine Pract., Madison, WI.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Protein balance. Renaissance Technical Conf., Bucknell University.
Published abstracts during 2002
Abu-Ghazaleh, A.A., D.J. Schingoethe, A.R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and L.A. Whitlock. 2002. Milk fatty acid profiles of cows fed fish oil with fat sources that differed in fatty acid profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):316.
Adams, S.E., C.J. Snifen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2002. Effects of a fibrolytic enzyme supplement on digestion and nutrient utilization by dairy cows fed alfalfa hay and greass silage-based rations. J. Dairy Sci. 85:105.
Agca, C. and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Differential expression of pyruvate carboxylase 5‘UTR variants during transition to lactation. J. Dairy Sci. (Suppl. 1):302.
Aguerre, M.J., S. Marcot, H. Henselmeyer, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Availability of phosphorus in dairy feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):187.
Ametaj, B.N., G. Bobe, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Chronic glucagon administration and lipoprotein composition in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1351-1352.
Ametaj, B.N., B.J. Bradford, G. Bobe, Y. Lu, R. Nafikov, R.N. Sonon, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Acute phase response indicates inflammatory conditions may play a role in the pathogenesis fatty liver in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):189.
Bargo, F., G.A. Varga, L.D. Muller, and E.S. Kolver. 2002. Digestion of pasture only and pasture plus concentrate diets during continuous culture fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):62.
Blevins, C.A., J.J. Aberle, J.E. Shirley, B.A. Hensley, S.M. Tiffany, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Effect of milking frequency (MF), estradiol cypionate, and bST on milk yield and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):98.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, Y. Lu, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on liver carbohydrates in lactating dairy cows. FASEB J. 16:A618.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R. Sonon, Y. Lu, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on liver lipid composition in lactating dairy cows. FASEB J. 16:A635.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):64.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R. Nafikov, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on plasma parameters in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):65.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on the health of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):190.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on reproductive success in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):190.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, Y. Lu, D.C. Betiz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to 14-day subcutaneous infusions of several dosages of glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):275.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R.N. Sonon, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of time and day of injection on plasma B-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, and urea N during 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):350.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R.N. Sonon, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of time and day of injection on plasma glucose and insulin during 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):350.
Brown, E.G., M.J. VandeHaar, K.M. Daniels, J.S. Liesman, L.T. Chapin, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Increasing energy and protein intake of Holstein heifer calves increases mammary development. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Brown, E.G., M.J. VandeHaar, K.M. Daniels, J.S. Liesman, L.T. Chapin, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Effect of increasing energy and protein intake of Holstein heifer calves on growth. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting.
Caperoon, K.A., M.D. Stern, C.C. Sheaffer, G.I. Crawford, and R.L.K. Hulbert. 2002. Evaluation of Illinois bundleflower as a grazing source for ruminants using dual flow continuous culture fermenters. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):63.
Capuco, A.V., S.E. Ellis, S.A. Hale, E. Long, R.A. Erdman, X. Zhao, and M.J. Paape. 2002. Lactation persistency: Insights from mammary cell proliferative studies. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):2.
Carlson, D.B., M.S. Laubach, W.L. Keller, J.W. Schroeder, J.H. Herbein, and C.S. Park. 2002. Effect of sunflower seed inclusion on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):196.
Carlson, D.B., M.S. Laubach, D.E. Schimek, W.L. Keller, J.W. Schroeder, and C.S. Park. 2002. Body condition replenishment during the dry period and its effects on metabolic status and lactation of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):276.
Crawford, G.I., M.D. Stern, R.L.K. Hulbert, K.A. Caperoon, and B.L. Miller. 2002. Effect of fat source on microbial fermentation in continuous culture of rumen contents. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):142.
Crowder, S.A., J.E. Garrett, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Effects of feeding encapsulated and unprotected docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):317.
Davis, L.E., J.L. Liesman, M.S. VandeHaar, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Mitogenic effects of parenchymal tissue extracts from different regions within the heifer mammary gland. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, L. Kilmer, and D. Gilbert. 2002. Breed of dairy cow has influence on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):315.
Dhiman, T.R. 2002. Influence of soybean meal processing techniques on milk yield response of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):245.
Dominguez, D.D., V.R. Moriera, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of feeding brown midrib-3 corn silage or conventional corn silage cut at either 23 or 71 cm on milk yield and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):385.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, and A.F. Park. 2002. Effect of feeding wet corn gluten feed and a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet on the performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):69.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, and A.F. Park. 2002. The effect of feeding wet corn gluten feed and a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet on digestibility and rumen parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):70.
Firkins, J.L., D.I. Harvatine, J.T. Sylvester, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Lactation performance by dairy cows fed wet brewers grains or whole cottonseed to replace forage. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting. Pp. 67-68.
Galo, E., S.M. Emanuele, C.J. Sniffen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2002. Effects of a slow-release urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):73.
Hale, S.A., A.V. Capuco, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Potential mechanisms for increased milk yield due to increased milking frequency during lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):22.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Characterizating carbohydrates in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):146.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Challenges with non-fiber carbohydrate methods. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):167.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Seeking solutions for complex fiber analysis. Pittsburgh Conf., New Orleans, LA, Abstr. 696.
Hall, M.B. and P.J. Weimer. 2002. Nutrient yields from in vitro fermentations of sucrose and neutral detergent fiber by mixed ruminal microorganisms. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):183.
Hill, B.E., S.L. Hankins, J.F. Kearney, J.D. Arseneau, D.T. Kelly, S.S. Donkin, B.T. Richert, and A.L. Sutton. 2002. Effects of feeding low phytic acid corn and phytase on phosphorus balance in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. J. Dairy Sci. (Suppl. 1):44.
Holtshausen, L. and M.B. Hall. 2002. Effect of medium pH on microbial crude protein yield, pH, and neutral detergent fiber digestion from fermentation of neutral detergent fiber and sucrose in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):182.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., Z. Shabi, J.H. Clark, and D.E. Freeman. 2002. Site of digestion when soyhulls replace corn in diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):397.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., R.S. Younker, J.H. Clark, E.P. Stanisewski, and G.F. Hartnell. 2002. Performance of lactating dairy cows fed glyphosate-tolerant corn (Event NK603). J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):358.
Karnati, S.K.R., J.T. Sylvester, Z. Yu, B.A. Dehority, and J.L. Firkins. 2002. Amplification of protozoal 18S rDNA sequences from protozoa-enriched rumen samples from cows using a protozoal specific primer. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting. P. 69.
Khanal, R.C., T.R. Dhiman, D.J. McMahon, and R.L. Boman. 2002. Influence of diet on conjugated linoleic acid content of milk, cheese, and blood serum. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):142.
Leonardi, C., F. Giannico, and L.E. Armentano. 2002. Effect of water addition on selective consumption (sorting) of dry diets by dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):62.
Lopez, H., F.D. Karitz, V.R. Moriera, M.C. Wiltbank, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of dietary phosphorus concentration on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):364.
Markantonatos, X., G.A. Varga, T. Cassidy, R. McGuffey, L. Richardson, and R. Tucker. 2002. Volatile fatty acid production rates of Holstein dairy cows provided monensin during the transition period. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):105.
McLaughlin, A.M., N.L. Whitehouse, E.D. Robblee, R.S. Ordway, C.G. Schwab, P.S. Erickson, and D.E. Putnam. 2002. Evaluation of ruminally unprotected lysine as a source of metabolizable lysine for high producing cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):23.
Moallem, U., B. Teter, L. Piperova, J. Sampugna, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid were more effective than calcium salts of trans fatty acids in reducing milk fat in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):316.
Nafikov, R.A., B.N. Ametaj, G. Bobe, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Prevention of fatty liver in transition dairy cows by glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):21.
Noftsger, S., J. Firkins, and N.R. St-Pierre. 2002. Effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) and dl-methionine on microbial growth, VFA production, and nutrient digestion in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):240.
Oliver, C., M.L. Bauer, J.W. Schroeder, W.L. Keller, C.S. Park. 2002. Dietary nucleotides enhance calf immune function. FASEB J. 16:A985.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, N. Wallace, and T.G. Nagaraja. 2002. Characterization of microbial adaptation in dairy cows with changes in diet and lactational state. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):404.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, and E.E. Ferdinand. 2002. Metabolic adaptations in dairy cows to changes in diet and lactational status. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):186.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, A.K. Hammond, and D.G. Schmidt. 2002. Evaluation of markers used to predict digestibility in typical dairy diets. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):1352.
Qiu, X., M.L. Eastridge, J.L. Firkins, K.E. Griswold, and G.A. Apgar. 2002. Effects of DMI, addition of buffer, and source of fat on duodenal flow and milk concentration of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-C18:1 in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):313.
Raman, P., S.S. Donkin, and M.E. Spurlock. 2002. Comparative effect of leptin on hepatic gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes vs. porcine hepatocytes. Proc. 84th Annu. meeting The Endocrine Society, P. 587.
Santos, H.H.B., S. Lardoux, V.R. Moriera, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of dietary protein content and alfalfa-corn silage ratios on nitrogen excretion and milk production of late lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):244.
Schwab, C.G., T.P. Tylutki, R.S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer, and M.D. Stern. 2002. New concepts and developments in forage and feedstuff analysis and applications to ruminant nutrition: Characterization of proteins in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):146.
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. Intramammary infusion of IGF-I increases BrdU-labeling in mammary epithelial cells of prepubertal heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 1):20.
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, M.S. Weber-Nielsen, and B.E. Etchebarne. Leptin reduces proliferation of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):338.
Sylvester, J.T., S.K.R. Karnati, Z. Yu, C.J. Newbold, B.A. Dehority, M. Morrison, and J.L. Firkins. 2002. Advancements in the quantification of protozoal nitrogen flow to the duodenum using molecular-based analyses. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):182.
Townsend, J.R., D.E. Moody, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Evaluation of the use of a human cDNA microarray to profile hepatic gene expression in transition dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):195.
VandeHaar, M.J., L.F.P. Silva, B.E. Etchebarne, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Potential role for leptin in mammary development of heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Weimer, P.J. and M.B. Hall. 2002. Gas production kinetics and fermentation end product formation from neutral detergent fiber and sucrose by mixed ruminal microorganisms. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):361.
Theses and Dissertations
Adams, S.E. 2002. Effects of a fibrolytic enzyme supplement on nutrient digestion and utlization by dairy cattle fed alfalfa hay and grass silage-based rations. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Bobe, G. 2002. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to exogenous glucagon. Dissertation, Iowa State Univ.
Danahey, K.A. 2002. Calcium chloride fertilization of cool season grasses for dry cow forages. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Ferdinand, E.E. 2002. Response of lactating dairy cows to diets containing wet corn gluten feed or a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet. M.S. Thesis, Kansas State Univ.
Galo, E. 2002. Effects of Optigen 1200 on nitrogen utilization in dairy cattle and whole farm nutrient balance. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Kuha, K.K. 2002. Chemical composition and small intestinal protein digestibility of various rumen microbial fractions. Sci. in Agr. Undergraduate Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota.
Tapia, M.O. 2002. Patulin toxicity in sheep. Dissertation, Univ. of Minnesota.
Abu-Ghazaleh, A.A., D.J. Schingoethe, A.R. Hippen, and L.A. Whitlock. 2002. Feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 85:624-631.
Agca, C., R.B. Greenfield, J.R. Hartwell, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Cloning of bovine liver cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and characterization during the transition to lactation. Physiol. Genom. (Accepted).
Auchtung, T.L., D.J. Baer, R.A. Erdman, S.M. Barao, and G.E. Dahl. 2002. Relation of growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone to estimation of milk production via deuterium oxide dilution in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1270-1274.
Bargo, F., L.D. Muller, G.A. Varga, J.E. Delahoy, and T.W. Cassidy. Ruminal digestion and fermentation of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2964-2973.
Bargo, F., G.A. Varga, L.D. Muller, and E.S. Kolver. 2002. Digestion of pasture only and pasture plus concentrate diets during continuous culture fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Bequette, B.J., C.E. Kyle, L.A. Crompton, S.E. Anderson, and M.D. Hanigan. 2002. Endocrine and substrate regulation of protein metabolism in lactating goats. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Bequette, B.J., C.E. Kyle, L.A. Crompton, A. G. Calder, and M.D. Hanigan. 2002. Protein metabolism in lactating goats subjected to the insulin clamp. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1546-1555.
Bobe, G., R.N. Sonon, B.J. Ametaj, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2003. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to single and multiple injections of glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Impact of feeding a raw soybean hull-condensed corn steep liquor pellet on induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2000-2008.
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. A pelleted combination of raw soyhulls and condensed corn steep liquor for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, K.C. Behnke, E.C. Tiggemeyer, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Development and evaluation of a pelleted feedstuff containing condensed corn steep liquor and raw soybean hulls for dairy cattle diets. J. Feed Sci. Technol. (Accepted).
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, R.R. Gimenez, J.L. Walters, and R. Treacher. 2002. Efficacy of cellulase and xylanase enzyme application on forage prior to feeding for dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 101:114-125.
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, I.S. MacQueen, and R.L. Boman. 2002. Influence of corn processing and frequency of feeding on cow performance. J. Dairy Sci. 85:217-226.
Firkins, J.L., D.I. Harvatine, J.T. Sylvester, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Lactation performance by dairy cows fed wet brewers grains or whole cottonseed to replace forage. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2662-2668.
Galo, E., S.M. Emmanuele, C.J. Sniffen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2003. Evaluation of slow-release urea product on nitrogen balance in lactating Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
Guan, X., B.J. Bequette, A.G. Calder, P.K. Ku, K.N. Ames, and N.L. Trottier. 2002. Amino acid availability affects amino acid trans-membrane transport of amino acids and protein metabolism in the porcine mammary gland. J. Nutr. 132:1224-1234.
Hall, M.B. and C. Jerejk. 2001. Differences in yields of microbial crude protein from in vitro fermentation of carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2486-2493.
Hanigan, M.D., B.J. Bequette, L.A. Crompton, J. France. 2001. Modelling mammary amino acid metabolism. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70:63-78.
Hanigan, M.D., L.A. Crompton, B.J. Bequette, J.A.N. Mills, and J. France. 2002. Modelling mammary amino acid metabolism in the lactating cow: Pattern and sensitivity analyses and an independent challenge. J. Theor. Biol. 217:311-330.
Harvatine, D.I., J.L. Firkins, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Whole linted cottonseed as a forage substitute fed with ground or steam-flaked corn: Digestibility and performance. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1976-1987.
Harvatine, D.I., J.E. Winkler, M. Devant-Guille, J.L. Firkins, N.R. St-Pierre, B.S. Oldick, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Whole linted cottonseed as a forage substitute: Fiber effectiveness and digestion kinetics. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1988-1999.
Hughes, C.L. and T.R. Dhiman. 2002. Dietary compounds in relation to dietary diversity and human health. J. Medicinal Food 5:51-68.
Mabjeesh, S.J., Kyle, C.E., MacRae, J.C., and Bequette, B.J. 2002. Vascular sources of amino acids for milk protein synthesis in goats at two stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 85:919-929.
Ordway, R.S., V. Ishler, and G.A. Varga. 2002. Effect of sucrose supplementation on dry matter intake, milk (yield) and blood metabolites of periparturient Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:879-888.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, M.J. Meyer, M.J. VanBaale, and M.J. VandeHaar. 2002. Effect of protein level in prepartum diets on metabolism and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1815-1828.
Perkins, K.H., M.J. VandeHaar, J.L. Burton, J.S. Liesman, R.J. Erskine, and T.H. Elsasser. 2002. Clinical responses to intramammary endotoxin infusion in dairy cows subjected to feed restriction. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1724-1731.
Piperova, L.S., J. Sampugna, B.B. Teter, K.F. Kalscheur, M.P. Yurawecz, Y. Ku, K.M. Morehouse, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers indicate that postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis-9-containing CLA in lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr. 132:1235-1241.
Schroeder, J.W., W.L. Keller, and C.S. Park. 2002. Glucose restriction and refeeding regimen alters proliferation and differentiation of HC11 mammary cells. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 38:135-136.
Schroeder, J.W. 2002. Optimizing the level of wet corn gluten feed in the diet of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1669-1678.
Schwab, C.G., T.P. Tylutki, R.S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer, and M.D. Stern. 2003. New concepts and developments in forage and feedstuff analysis and applications to ruminant nutrition: Characterization of proteins in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, B.K. Whitlock, R.P. Radcliff, and H.A. Tucker. 2002. Short communication: Relationship of body growth to mammary development in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 85:(In press).
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, M.S. Weber-Nielsen, and G.W. Smith. 2002. Evidence for a local effect of leptin on bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 85:(In press).
Tapia, M.O., M.D. Stern, R.L. Koski, A. Bach, and M.J. Murphy. 2002. Effects of patulin on microbial fermentation in continuous culture fermenters. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 97:239-246.
Tyler, P.A. and K.A. Cummins. 2002. Effect of dietary ascorbyl-2-phosphate on immune function of dairy heifers following transport to a rearing facility. J. Dairy Sci. (In press).
Whitlock, B.K., M.J. VandeHaar, and H.A. Tucker. 2002. Effect of dietary protein on prepubertal mammary development in rapidly growing dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1516-1525.
Book chapters and reviews during 2002
Bequette, B.J. 2003. Amino acid metabolism in animals: An overview. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition [J.P.F. D‘Mello, editor] Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Bequette, B.J., H. Lapierre, and M.D. Hanigan. 2003. Amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of lactating ruminants. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition [J.P.F. D‘Mello, editor] Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Non-refereed publications during 2002
Bateman, H.G. II and J.H. Clark. 2002. The use of computer models to predict passage of crude protein and amino acids to the small intestine of lactating cows. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp. 57-59.
Bequette, B.J. 2002. Amino acid metabolism in dairy cows. 49th Maryland Nutr. Conf. Feed Mfgrs.
Blevins, C.A., J.J. Aberle, J.E. Shirley, B.A. Hensley, S.M. Tiffany, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Milking frequency, estradiol cypionate, and bST alters milk yield and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:11.
Burgos, M.V., J.E. Shirley, and E.C. Titgemeyer. 2002. Comparative study of three expeller process soybean meals in diets for lactating dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:8.
Donkin, S.S. 2002. Rumen-protected choline: Potential for improving health and production in dairy cows. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf. Proc. Pp. 55-66.
Eicher, S.D., K.A. McMunn, H.M. Hammon, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Toll-like receptors and acute phase cytokine gene expression in dexamethasone and growth hormone treated calves. Submitted to Cytokines and Interferons 2002, the Joint Meeting of The International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, The Society for Leukocyte Biology, The International Cytokine Society, and The European Cytokine Society, Turin, Italy.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, A.F. Park, D.E. Johnson, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Diet digestibility and rumen traits in response to feeding wet corn gluten feed and a pellet consisting of raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:6.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, A.F. Park, D.E. Johnson, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Complete lactation performance of cows fed wet corn gluten feed and pellet consisting of raw soybean hulls and corn steep liquor. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:7.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Working with sugars (and molasses). Proc. 13th Annu. Florida Ruminant Nutr. Symp., Gainesville, FL. Pp. 149-161.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Starch: Analysis, availability and feeding. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., Syracuse, NY.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Working with non-NDF carbohydrates with manure evaluation and environmental considerations. Mid-South Ruminant Nutr. Conf., Dallas, TX.
Hammond, A., J.E. Shirley, M.V. Scheffel, E.C. Titgemeyer, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Performance of dairy heifers fed high forage diets supplemented with bambermycins, lasalocid, or monensin. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:10.
Klopfenstein, T., R. Angel, G.L. Cromwell, G.E. Erickson, D.G. Fox, C. Parsons, L.D. Satter, and A.L. Sutton. 2002. Animal diet modification to decrease the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. CAST Issue Paper. Number 21. Ames, IA.
Miller, W.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, M.J. Brouk, and M.V. Scheffel. 2002. Comparative value of full-fat corn germ, whole cottonseed, and tallow as energy sources for lactating dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:9.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, N. Wallace, T.G. Nagaraja, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Changes in ruminal microbial populations in transition dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:5.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Metabolic changes during the transition period. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:3.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, T.G. Nagaraja, and D.E. Johnson. 2002. Characteristic changes of ruminal fermentation in transition dairy cows. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress 898:4.
Schwab, C.G. 2002. Ruminally protected amino acids. In: Ency. Dairy Sci. H. Roginski, J.W. Fuquay, and P.F. Fox (eds).
Underwood, J.P., J.K. Drackley, and J.H. Clark. 2002. Performance by Holstien cows fed different amounts and sources of supplemental protein prepartum and postpartum. Illinois Dairy Report. Pp. 60-61.
Varga, G.A. and M. Pickett. 2002. Strategies for feeding the transition cow. Southwest Nutr. Conf., Houston, TX.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Dry cow feeding management: New strategies. NE Bovine Pract. Conf., Syracuse, NY.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Energy levels in transition diets-enough but not too much. Amer. Assoc. Bovine Pract., Madison, WI.
Varga, G.A. 2002. Protein balance. Renaissance Technical Conf., Bucknell University.
Published abstracts during 2002
Abu-Ghazaleh, A.A., D.J. Schingoethe, A.R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and L.A. Whitlock. 2002. Milk fatty acid profiles of cows fed fish oil with fat sources that differed in fatty acid profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):316.
Adams, S.E., C.J. Snifen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2002. Effects of a fibrolytic enzyme supplement on digestion and nutrient utilization by dairy cows fed alfalfa hay and greass silage-based rations. J. Dairy Sci. 85:105.
Agca, C. and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Differential expression of pyruvate carboxylase 5‘UTR variants during transition to lactation. J. Dairy Sci. (Suppl. 1):302.
Aguerre, M.J., S. Marcot, H. Henselmeyer, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Availability of phosphorus in dairy feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):187.
Ametaj, B.N., G. Bobe, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Chronic glucagon administration and lipoprotein composition in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1351-1352.
Ametaj, B.N., B.J. Bradford, G. Bobe, Y. Lu, R. Nafikov, R.N. Sonon, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Acute phase response indicates inflammatory conditions may play a role in the pathogenesis fatty liver in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):189.
Bargo, F., G.A. Varga, L.D. Muller, and E.S. Kolver. 2002. Digestion of pasture only and pasture plus concentrate diets during continuous culture fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):62.
Blevins, C.A., J.J. Aberle, J.E. Shirley, B.A. Hensley, S.M. Tiffany, and J.S. Stevenson. 2002. Effect of milking frequency (MF), estradiol cypionate, and bST on milk yield and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):98.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, Y. Lu, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on liver carbohydrates in lactating dairy cows. FASEB J. 16:A618.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R. Sonon, Y. Lu, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on liver lipid composition in lactating dairy cows. FASEB J. 16:A635.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):64.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R. Nafikov, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on plasma parameters in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):65.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on the health of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):190.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon on reproductive success in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):190.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, Y. Lu, D.C. Betiz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to 14-day subcutaneous infusions of several dosages of glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):275.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R.N. Sonon, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of time and day of injection on plasma B-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, and urea N during 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):350.
Bobe, G., B.N. Ametaj, R.N. Sonon, D.C. Beitz, and J.W. Young. 2002. Effect of time and day of injection on plasma glucose and insulin during 14-day subcutaneous injections of several dosages of glucagon in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):350.
Brown, E.G., M.J. VandeHaar, K.M. Daniels, J.S. Liesman, L.T. Chapin, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Increasing energy and protein intake of Holstein heifer calves increases mammary development. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Brown, E.G., M.J. VandeHaar, K.M. Daniels, J.S. Liesman, L.T. Chapin, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Effect of increasing energy and protein intake of Holstein heifer calves on growth. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting.
Caperoon, K.A., M.D. Stern, C.C. Sheaffer, G.I. Crawford, and R.L.K. Hulbert. 2002. Evaluation of Illinois bundleflower as a grazing source for ruminants using dual flow continuous culture fermenters. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):63.
Capuco, A.V., S.E. Ellis, S.A. Hale, E. Long, R.A. Erdman, X. Zhao, and M.J. Paape. 2002. Lactation persistency: Insights from mammary cell proliferative studies. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):2.
Carlson, D.B., M.S. Laubach, W.L. Keller, J.W. Schroeder, J.H. Herbein, and C.S. Park. 2002. Effect of sunflower seed inclusion on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):196.
Carlson, D.B., M.S. Laubach, D.E. Schimek, W.L. Keller, J.W. Schroeder, and C.S. Park. 2002. Body condition replenishment during the dry period and its effects on metabolic status and lactation of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):276.
Crawford, G.I., M.D. Stern, R.L.K. Hulbert, K.A. Caperoon, and B.L. Miller. 2002. Effect of fat source on microbial fermentation in continuous culture of rumen contents. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):142.
Crowder, S.A., J.E. Garrett, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Effects of feeding encapsulated and unprotected docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):317.
Davis, L.E., J.L. Liesman, M.S. VandeHaar, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Mitogenic effects of parenchymal tissue extracts from different regions within the heifer mammary gland. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, L. Kilmer, and D. Gilbert. 2002. Breed of dairy cow has influence on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):315.
Dhiman, T.R. 2002. Influence of soybean meal processing techniques on milk yield response of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):245.
Dominguez, D.D., V.R. Moriera, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of feeding brown midrib-3 corn silage or conventional corn silage cut at either 23 or 71 cm on milk yield and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):385.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, and A.F. Park. 2002. Effect of feeding wet corn gluten feed and a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet on the performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):69.
Ferdinand, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, J.M. DeFrain, and A.F. Park. 2002. The effect of feeding wet corn gluten feed and a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet on digestibility and rumen parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):70.
Firkins, J.L., D.I. Harvatine, J.T. Sylvester, and M.L. Eastridge. 2002. Lactation performance by dairy cows fed wet brewers grains or whole cottonseed to replace forage. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting. Pp. 67-68.
Galo, E., S.M. Emanuele, C.J. Sniffen, J.H. White, and J.R. Knapp. 2002. Effects of a slow-release urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):73.
Hale, S.A., A.V. Capuco, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Potential mechanisms for increased milk yield due to increased milking frequency during lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):22.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Characterizating carbohydrates in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):146.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Challenges with non-fiber carbohydrate methods. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):167.
Hall, M.B. 2002. Seeking solutions for complex fiber analysis. Pittsburgh Conf., New Orleans, LA, Abstr. 696.
Hall, M.B. and P.J. Weimer. 2002. Nutrient yields from in vitro fermentations of sucrose and neutral detergent fiber by mixed ruminal microorganisms. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):183.
Hill, B.E., S.L. Hankins, J.F. Kearney, J.D. Arseneau, D.T. Kelly, S.S. Donkin, B.T. Richert, and A.L. Sutton. 2002. Effects of feeding low phytic acid corn and phytase on phosphorus balance in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. J. Dairy Sci. (Suppl. 1):44.
Holtshausen, L. and M.B. Hall. 2002. Effect of medium pH on microbial crude protein yield, pH, and neutral detergent fiber digestion from fermentation of neutral detergent fiber and sucrose in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):182.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., Z. Shabi, J.H. Clark, and D.E. Freeman. 2002. Site of digestion when soyhulls replace corn in diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):397.
Ipharraguerre, I.R., R.S. Younker, J.H. Clark, E.P. Stanisewski, and G.F. Hartnell. 2002. Performance of lactating dairy cows fed glyphosate-tolerant corn (Event NK603). J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):358.
Karnati, S.K.R., J.T. Sylvester, Z. Yu, B.A. Dehority, and J.L. Firkins. 2002. Amplification of protozoal 18S rDNA sequences from protozoa-enriched rumen samples from cows using a protozoal specific primer. Proc. Midwest ASAS/ADSA meeting. P. 69.
Khanal, R.C., T.R. Dhiman, D.J. McMahon, and R.L. Boman. 2002. Influence of diet on conjugated linoleic acid content of milk, cheese, and blood serum. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):142.
Leonardi, C., F. Giannico, and L.E. Armentano. 2002. Effect of water addition on selective consumption (sorting) of dry diets by dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):62.
Lopez, H., F.D. Karitz, V.R. Moriera, M.C. Wiltbank, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of dietary phosphorus concentration on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):364.
Markantonatos, X., G.A. Varga, T. Cassidy, R. McGuffey, L. Richardson, and R. Tucker. 2002. Volatile fatty acid production rates of Holstein dairy cows provided monensin during the transition period. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):105.
McLaughlin, A.M., N.L. Whitehouse, E.D. Robblee, R.S. Ordway, C.G. Schwab, P.S. Erickson, and D.E. Putnam. 2002. Evaluation of ruminally unprotected lysine as a source of metabolizable lysine for high producing cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1):23.
Moallem, U., B. Teter, L. Piperova, J. Sampugna, and R.A. Erdman. 2002. Calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid were more effective than calcium salts of trans fatty acids in reducing milk fat in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):316.
Nafikov, R.A., B.N. Ametaj, G. Bobe, J.W. Young, and D.C. Beitz. 2002. Prevention of fatty liver in transition dairy cows by glucagon. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):21.
Noftsger, S., J. Firkins, and N.R. St-Pierre. 2002. Effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) and dl-methionine on microbial growth, VFA production, and nutrient digestion in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):240.
Oliver, C., M.L. Bauer, J.W. Schroeder, W.L. Keller, C.S. Park. 2002. Dietary nucleotides enhance calf immune function. FASEB J. 16:A985.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, N. Wallace, and T.G. Nagaraja. 2002. Characterization of microbial adaptation in dairy cows with changes in diet and lactational state. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):404.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, J.M. DeFrain, and E.E. Ferdinand. 2002. Metabolic adaptations in dairy cows to changes in diet and lactational status. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):186.
Park, A.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, J.M. DeFrain, E.E. Ferdinand, A.K. Hammond, and D.G. Schmidt. 2002. Evaluation of markers used to predict digestibility in typical dairy diets. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):1352.
Qiu, X., M.L. Eastridge, J.L. Firkins, K.E. Griswold, and G.A. Apgar. 2002. Effects of DMI, addition of buffer, and source of fat on duodenal flow and milk concentration of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-C18:1 in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):313.
Raman, P., S.S. Donkin, and M.E. Spurlock. 2002. Comparative effect of leptin on hepatic gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes vs. porcine hepatocytes. Proc. 84th Annu. meeting The Endocrine Society, P. 587.
Santos, H.H.B., S. Lardoux, V.R. Moriera, and L.D. Satter. 2002. Effect of dietary protein content and alfalfa-corn silage ratios on nitrogen excretion and milk production of late lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):244.
Schwab, C.G., T.P. Tylutki, R.S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer, and M.D. Stern. 2002. New concepts and developments in forage and feedstuff analysis and applications to ruminant nutrition: Characterization of proteins in feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):146.
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. Intramammary infusion of IGF-I increases BrdU-labeling in mammary epithelial cells of prepubertal heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 1):20.
Silva, L.F.P., M.J. VandeHaar, M.S. Weber-Nielsen, and B.E. Etchebarne. Leptin reduces proliferation of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):338.
Sylvester, J.T., S.K.R. Karnati, Z. Yu, C.J. Newbold, B.A. Dehority, M. Morrison, and J.L. Firkins. 2002. Advancements in the quantification of protozoal nitrogen flow to the duodenum using molecular-based analyses. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):182.
Townsend, J.R., D.E. Moody, and S.S. Donkin. 2002. Evaluation of the use of a human cDNA microarray to profile hepatic gene expression in transition dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):195.
VandeHaar, M.J., L.F.P. Silva, B.E. Etchebarne, and M.S. Weber-Nielsen. 2002. Potential role for leptin in mammary development of heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):80.
Weimer, P.J. and M.B. Hall. 2002. Gas production kinetics and fermentation end product formation from neutral detergent fiber and sucrose by mixed ruminal microorganisms. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):361.
Theses and Dissertations
Adams, S.E. 2002. Effects of a fibrolytic enzyme supplement on nutrient digestion and utlization by dairy cattle fed alfalfa hay and grass silage-based rations. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Bobe, G. 2002. Metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows to exogenous glucagon. Dissertation, Iowa State Univ.
Danahey, K.A. 2002. Calcium chloride fertilization of cool season grasses for dry cow forages. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Ferdinand, E.E. 2002. Response of lactating dairy cows to diets containing wet corn gluten feed or a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet. M.S. Thesis, Kansas State Univ.
Galo, E. 2002. Effects of Optigen 1200 on nitrogen utilization in dairy cattle and whole farm nutrient balance. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Vermont.
Kuha, K.K. 2002. Chemical composition and small intestinal protein digestibility of various rumen microbial fractions. Sci. in Agr. Undergraduate Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota.
Tapia, M.O. 2002. Patulin toxicity in sheep. Dissertation, Univ. of Minnesota.