SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

(Members) Albrecht, Ken (kaalbrec@wisc.edu), University of Wisconsin-Madison Barnhart, Steve (sbarnhar@iastate.edu), Iowa State University (for Mary Wiedenhoeft) Dong, Xuejun (xjdong@ndsuext.nodak.edu), North Dakota State University Gallenberg, Dale (Dale.Gallenberg@sdstate.edu), Administrative Advisor Grabber, John (jgrabber@wisc.edu), USDA-ARS Leep, Rich (leep@msu.edu), Michigan State University MacAdam, Jennifer (jenmac@cc.usu.edu), Utah State University McGraw, Bob (McGrawR@missouri.edu), University of Missouri Owens, Vance (vance.owens@sdstate.edu), South Dakota State University Peterson, Paul (peter072@umn.edu), University of Minnesota Srinivas, Rao (srao@grl.ars.usda.gov), USDA-ARS Sulc, Mark (sulc.2@osu.edu), Ohio State University Volenec, Jeff (jvolenec@purdue.edu), Purdue University West, Chuck (cwest@uark.edu), University of Arkansas (Guests) Kevin Armstrong, Jennifer Ariss, Wayne Bailey, Geoff Brink, Tom Cox, Jimmy Haux, Robin Groose, Monte Johnson, Claire Mikolayunas, Lanny Rhodes

Minutes are available at the following link: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/rc_serec/NCR31home.htm

Accomplishments

The objectives of NCCC-31 focus on information exchange among committee members, with other NC groups and forage research organizations, with granting agencies, with extension personnel, and with students. We invited NCDC-205 (formerly NC-226 Development of pest management strategies for forage alfalfa persistence) members, who met jointly with us for one day, to learn more about commons goals being pursued by these committees, and to explore the possibility of merger with NCCC-31. Results of research conducted by committee members on forage physiology, ecology, and management were disseminated in a timely manner through multiple outlets. Committee members published 22 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 33 abstracts of presentations at scientific meetings, 14 conference proceedings, and 17 extension bulletins. Several committee members participated in the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference by exchanging current information with an international audience: http://naaic.org/Meetings/National/2004NAAIC&TC/announce2004.htm A website was created at Purdue University that defines the role and management of potassium in crop production, including forages: http://www.agry.purdue.edu/kteam_index.asp One committee member was an invited speaker at the Alfalfa Intensive Training Seminar http://www.alfalfa.org/cascconf.html, a seminar sponsored by the National Alfalfa Alliance to familiarize consultants with current research findings. Several members participated in the 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/ Grass Interactions to share current information with others working in the relatively new area of grass endophytes and their impact on plants and livestock. A field trip, part of the 2004 NCCC-31 annual meeting, focused on local water and wildlife management issues in grazing lands in the Cache Valley of Utah. Jennifer MacAdam served on the USDA-NRI Prosperity of Small Farms and Rural Agricultural Communities review panel and shared information with NCCC-31 members about research that program and the Managed Ecosystem program are interested in funding. Interaction among committee members has led to shared protocols within the committee, including Jeff Volenec sharing protocols for sugar and starch analyses (to Vance Owens) and amylase assays (to Bill Lamp). Four graduate students participated in the annual meeting, providing them an opportunity for professional interaction with key forage researchers.

Impacts

  1. NCDC-205 will proceed, through administrative channels, to merge with NCCC-31. This merger will broaden the scope of our project to include biotic stresses.
  2. Our discussions concerning critical shoot number and alfalfa forage yield led to preliminary planning for collaboration between IN and WI (and others?) to test several hypothesis in multiple environments.
  3. Feedback from graduate students who participated in the annual meeting was very positive, and revealed that they benefited by attending.

Publications

Affeldt, R.P., K.A. Albrecht, C.M. Boerboom, and E.J. Bures. 2004. Integrating herbicide-resistant corn technology in a kura clover living mulch system. Agron. J. 96:247-251. Al-Hadid, K.A.L., S.M. Cunningham, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Identification and analysis of defoliation responsive genes in alfalfa. Agron. Abstr. No. 6412 (CD-ROM). Ariss, J. J., Rhodes, L. H., Sulc, R. M., and Lamb, J. F. S. 2004. Relationship of disease resistance and stand persistence in alfalfa cultivars from the 1940's to the 1990's. Phytopathology 94:S5. Publication no. P-2004-0029-AMA. Ariss, Jennifer J., Rhodes, L. H. Sulc, R. M. and Lamb J. F. S. 2004. The role of disease resistance in enhancing stand persistence in alfalfa cultivars released from the 1940s through the 1990s. Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 39th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference and the 18th Trifolium Conference, July 18-21, Quebec City, Canada. Available online at: http://www.naaic.org/Meetings/National/2004NAAIC&TC/2004abstracts/jariss.pdf Avice, J-C., F. Le-Dily, E. Goulas, C. Noquet, F. Meuriot, J.J. Volenec, S.M. Cunningham, T.G. Sors, C. Dhont, Y. Castonguay, P. Nadeau, G. Belanger, F-P. Chalifour, and A. Ourry. 2004. Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation. Can. J. Bot. 81:1198-1212. Barker, D. J., Sulc, R. M., and Burgess, M. 2004. Effects of biodiversity on forage yield in wet and dry years. No. C06-barker5780-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer field]. ASA, Madison, WI. Barriere Y., J. Ralph, V. Mechin, S. Guillaumie, J.H. Grabber, O. Argillier, B. Chabbert, and C. Lapierre. 2004. Genetic and molecular basis of grass cell wall biosynthesis and degradability. II. Lessons from brown-midrib mutants. Comptes Rendus Biol. 327:847-860. Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, B.C. Joern, S.M. Brouder, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Taproot N and C pools are altered by P and K nutrition, and impact alfalfa growth and persistence. Agron. Abstr. No. 6180 (CD-ROM). Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. The impact of P and K nutrition on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) taproot carbon and nitrogen pools during cold acclimation and spring regrowth. ASPB Abstr. http://abstracts.aspb.org/pb2004/public/P37/7174.html Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Howard, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. The impact of root nitrogen and carbon pools on alfalfa growth and persistence as influenced by phosphorus and potassium nutrition. Agron. Abstr. No. 6229 (CD-ROM). Boring, T., R. H. Leep, D. H. Min, and T. Dietz. 2004. Effect of liquid dairy manure upon dry matter yield and quality of forage and potatoes in a potato rotation. Poster Presentation. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Seattle, Washington, October 31  November 4, 2004. Broderick, G.A., K.A. Albrecht, V.N. Owens, and R.R. Smith. 2004. Genetic variation in red clover for ruminal protein degradability. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 113:157-167. Brye, K.R., C.P. West, and E.E. Gbur. 2004. Soil quality differences under native tallgrass prairie across a climosequence in Arkansas. Amer. Midland Naturalist 152:214-230. Bumane, S., R. Leep, T. Dietz, and P.Berzins. 2004. The Effect of nitrogen use on perennial ryegrass yield and some quality parameters. Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture. Nr. 10(305). Burgess, M. R., Barker, D. J., Zartman, D. L., Sulc, R. M., and Harrison, S. K. 2004. Forage species and spatial effects on the dietary intake of goats. p. 2. In Forage Progress Vol. 2, April 2004. American Forage & Grassland Council, Georgetown, TX. http://www.afgc.org/afgcforageprogressapril2004.pdf. Carson, R.D., C.P. West, B. de los Reyes, S. Rajguru, and C.A. Guerber. 2004. Endophyte effects on dehydrin protein expression and membrane leakage in tall fescue. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper # 202. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Coblentz, W.K., K.P. Coffey, D.A. Scarbrough, T.F. Smith, K.F. Harrison, J.B. Hum¬phry, B.C. McGinley, D.S. Hubbell III, J.E. Turner, and C.P. West. 2004. Using orchard¬grass and endophyte-free fescue versus endophyte-infected fescue overseeded on bermuda¬grass for cow herds: Four-year summary. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper # 414. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/¬Grass Interactions. Contreras-Govea, F., K.A. Albrecht, and R.E. Muck. 2004. Yield and silage characteristics of kura clover, winter wheat, and binary mixtures in spring. In Annual meeting abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Cunningham, S.M., W.K. Berg, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in alfalfa taproots in response to P and/or K deficiency. Agron. Abstr. No. 4806 (CD-ROM). Cunningham, S.M., W.K. Berg, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in alfalfa taproots in response to P and/or K deficiency. Agron. Abstr. No. 4806 (CD-ROM). Cunningham, S.M., W.K. Berg, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Impact of P and K nutrition on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) taproot gene expression and plant growth and survival. ASPB Abstr. http://abstracts.aspb.org/pb2004/public/P64/7164.html DeYoung, J. D., D. H. Min, and R. H. Leep. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration and production of greenhouse gases under forage cropping rotations. Poster Presentation. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Seattle, Washington, October 31  November 4, 2004. Doerge, T., and Sulc, R. M. 2004. Economic thresholds in potato leafhopper resistant alfalfa varieties. Crop Insights 14:9. Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l. Inc. Des Moines, IA. Available at http://www.pioneer.com/usa/abstracts/plh_economics.htm. Evans, J.N., W.K. Berg, B.C. Joern, S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, and J.J. Volenec. 2004. Impact of P and K nutrition on alfalfa root development. Agron. Abstr. No. 6388 (CD-ROM). Grabber J.H., J. Ralph, C. Lapierre, and Y. Barriere. 2004. Genetic and molecular basis of grass cell-wall degradability. I. Lignin-cell wall matrix interactions. Comptes Rendus Biol. 327:455-465. Gregoret, R.F., K.A. Albrecht, and D.K. Combs. 2004. Dairy cow grazing behavior and performance on binary mixtures of grass and kura clover. In Annual meeting abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Griggs, T.C., J.W. MacAdam, H.F. Mayland, and J.C. Burns. 2004. Daily carbohydrate and digestibility patterns in orchardgrass sward horizons. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Griggs, T.C., J.W. MacAdam, H.F. Mayland, and J.C. Burns. 2004. Integrating daily patterns of pasture soluble carbohydrate level and grazing behavior. Proc. Pacific Div., Amer. Assn. Advance. Sci., 23: 50. Gunter, S.A., P.A. Beck, K.S. Lusby, C.P. West, and D.S. Hubbell III. 2004. Comparison of three tall fescues containing novel endophytes for stocker cattle weight gain. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper #418. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Halgerson J.L., C.C. Sheaffer, N.P. Martin, P.R. Peterson, and S.J. Weston. 2004. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction of leaf and mineral concentrations in alfalfa. Agron. J. 96:344-351. Howard, S.M., J.J. Volenec, B.C. Joern, J.E. Alleman, and D.R. Whitaker. 2004. Biosolids dewatering of solid-phase thermophilic aerobic reactor (STAR) effluent using various plant species. Agron. Abstr. No. 6209 (CD-ROM). http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/trials/ Jennings, J.A., C.P. West, A.S. Moubarak, C.R. Rosenkrans, Jr., D.E. Kratz, M.S. Gad¬berry, and T.R. Troxel. 2004. Endophyte status of stockpiled fescue demonstrations in Arkansas. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper # 516. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodi¬um/¬Grass Interactions. Jeranyama, P, R. H. Leep, T. Dietz, and D. H. Min. 2004. Forage mass, quality and composition of Kura clover and grass mixtures under grazing. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Seattle, Washington, October 31  November 4, 2004. Jeranyama, P., V. Owens, P. Peterson, M. Endres, D. Holen , V. Crary, C. Sheaffer, D. Undersander, M. Bertram, and P. Homan. 2004. Emergency and alternative forages. Forage Focus 1:2. Leblanc, H. and R.L. McGraw. 2004. Evaluation of Inga edulis and I. samanensis for firewood and mulch production in an organic corn alley-cropping practice in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. First World Congress of Agroforestry proceedings. 27 June - 2 July. Orlando, Fl. p. 131. Leblanc, H.A., R.L. McGraw and P. Nygren. 2004. Dinitrogen fixation of Inga edulis, a legume tree used in tropical agroforestry. Agronomy Abstracts (CD-ROM), ASA Madison, WI. Lee, D.K.. and V.N. Owens. 2004. Switchgrass yield, quality, and persistence in a biomass energy management system. In Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. Leep, R. 2004. Summer annual grasses for emergency forage crops. http://www.ipm.msu.edu/CAT04_fld/FC05-27-04.htm#4 Leep, R. H. and T. R. Dietz. 2004. Michigan 2004 Alfalfa variety trials. Leep, R., Dietz, T., Boring, T. 2004. An evaluation of crops planted for annual emergency crops. http://www.ipm.msu.edu/CAT04_fld/FC05-27-04.htm#4 Leep, R., J. Andresen, D. Min, and A. Pollyea. 2004. Late summer and fall harvest management of alfalfa. Michigan Dairy Review. 3 pgs. At: http://www.msu.edu/user/mdr/archives/mdrvol9no4.pdf Leep, R., T. Dietz, D. Min, and C. Kapp. 2004. Forage varieties For Michigan in 2005. On line at http://www.msue.msu.edu/fis/ Leep, R.H. 2004. Management of forages for better yield and profit. Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference Proceedings. Pgs. 42-44. University of Illinois Extension. MacAdam, J.W., T. C. Griggs, G. Mileski, and S. Buffler. 2004. Long-term changes in botanical composition of rotationally stocked irrigated grass-legume mixtures. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. MacAdam, J.W., T.C. Griggs, and G.J. Mileski. 2004. Productivity of grass and legume components in irrigated pastures under rotational stocking in the Intermountain West. p. 450 In K. Cassida (ed) Proceedings of the American Forage and Grassland Council, June 12-16, 2004, Roanoke, VA. McCordick, S. A., Kells, J., Leep, R. 2004. Evaluation of glyphosate-resistant alfalfa in forage production systems. North Central Weed Science Proceedings. 59:76. McCormick, J. S., Sulc, R. M., Barker, D. J., Beuerlein, J. E., and Rhodes, L. H. 2004. Forage yield and quality of winter hardy cereals and winter sensitive species for grazing. Proc. American Forage & Grassland Council 13:225-229. McGraw R.L., F.W. Shockley, J.F. Thompson, and C.A. Roberts. 2004. Evaluation of native legume species for forage yield, quality, and seed production. Native Plants J. 5:152-158. Meuriot F., C. Noquet, J.C. Avice, J.J. Volenec, S.M. Cunningham, T. Sors, S. Caillot, and A. Ourry. 2004. Methyl jasmonate alters N partitioning, N reserves accumulation and induces gene expression of a 32-kDa vegetative storage protein that possess chitinase activity in Medicago sativa L. taproots. Physiologia Plant. 120:113-123. Miller, R., MacAdam, J., and Koenig, R. 2004. Management intensive grazing systems and the environment: Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. USU Extension, Logan, UT: Utah State University, AG/Pasture/2004-01. Milofsky, T.S. and K.A. Albrecht. 2004. Mechanical control of legume living mulch for corn production. In Annual meeting abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Milofsky, T.S., E. Molina, F. Calispa, G. Mosquera, M. Rosemeyer, K. Albrecht. 2004. Lotus uliginosis increases milk production on kikuyugrass based pastures in Ecuadorian Andes. In Annual meeting abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Min, D. and R. Leep. 2004. Carbon sequestration. What is it in dairy forage cropping systems? Michigan Dairy Review. 2 pgs. At: http://www.msu.edu/user/mdr/archives/mdrvol9no4.pdf Min, D. H., C. Kapp, R. Leep, and L. Vough. 2004. Legume-grass mixtures for pasture and hay production in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Poster Presentation. American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting. Roanoke, Virginia, June 12  16, 2004. Niedermann, M.L. and R.L. McGraw. 2004. Alfalfa growth, quality, maturation, and root total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration as affected by three light intensities. In: Congress Abstracts, First World Congress of Agroforestry proceedings. 27 June - 2 July. Orlando, Fl. p. 138. Niedermann, M.L. and R.L. McGraw. 2004. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of alfalfa roots grown under three light intensities. pp.208-214. In: S.H. Sharrow (ed.) Agroforestry and riparian buffers for land productivity and environmental stability, Proceedings of the 8th North American Agroforestry Conference, June 23-25, 2003, Corvallis Oregon. Nihsen, M., E.L. Piper, C.P. West, R.J. Crawford, T.M. Denard, Z.B. Johnson, C.A. Roberts, D.A. Spiers, and C.F. Rosenkrans. 2004. Growth rate and physiology of steers grazing tall fescue inoculated with novel endophytes. J. Anim. Sci. 82:878-883. Owens, V.N. and C. Lee. 2004. Alfalfa cultivar yield test for South Dakota: 2004 Report. Available at http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/forages/ (verified 12 January 2005). Owens, V.N. and M. Catangui. 2004. Long-term effect of alfalfa weevil on alfalfa persistence. Proc. North American Alfalfa Improvement Conf., Quebec City, Canada, 18-21 July 2004. Available online at: http://www.naaic.org/Meetings/National/2004NAAIC&TC/2004abstracts/vowens.pdf (verified 31 March 2005). Owens, V.N., A. Schultz, and R.J. Pruitt. 2004. Extending the grazing season using spring small grains planted in the summer in the northern Great Plains. In Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. Peterson, P., Undersander D. , Leep R., Sheaffer, C., Sun, P., Velde, M., and Wagner, S. 2004. Hybrid alfalfa: harvest management effects on yield and quality. Proceedings of the 2004 Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Quebec, CA. Ralph J., S. Guillaumie, J.H. Grabber, C. Lapierre, and Y. Barriere. 2004. Genetic and molecular basis of grass cell-wall biosynthesis and degradability. III. Towards a forage grass ideotype. Comptes Rendus Biol. 327:467-479. Sanderson, M.A., D. J. Barker, G.R. Edwards, B. Tracy, R. H. Skinner, and D. Wedin. 2004. Plant species diversity and management of temperate forage and grazing land ecosystems. Crop Sci. 44:1132-1144. Sanderson, M.A., R.H. Skinner, D.J. Barker, G.R. Edwards, B.F. Tracy, and D.A. Wedin. 2004. Plant species diversity and management of temperate forage and grazing land ecosystems Crop Sci. 44:1132-1144. Sanderson, M.A., R.R. Schnabel, W. Curran, W.L. Stout, D. Genito, and B.F. Tracy. 2004. Burning and glyphosate differentially affect forage biomass and seed yields of switchgrass and big bluestem. Agron J. 96:1688-1692. Secks, M.E., M.D. Richardson, and C.P. West. 2004. Field performance of novel endo¬phyte/tall fescue combinations under water deficit. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper # 405. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Secks, M.E., M.D. Richardson, C.P. West, and J.B. Murphy. 2004. Carbohydrate profiles of Neotyphodium coenophialum. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper #214. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotypho¬dium/Grass Interactions. Shockley, F.W., R.L. McGraw, and H.E. Garrett. 2004. Effects of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and nutrient concentration of two native legumes. Agroforestry Systems. 60:137-132. Smart, A., P. Jeranyama, and V. Owens. 2004. The use of turnips for extending the grazing season. ExEx 2043. South Dakota Cooperative Extension Service. Smart, A.J., W.H. Schacht, L.E. Moser, and J.D. Volesky. 2004. Prediction of leaf/stem ratio using NIRS: a technical note. Agron. J. 96:316-318. Stamps, W.T., T.L. Woods, R.L. McGraw, and M.J. Linit. 2004. Arthropod communities in monocropped and black-walnut intercropped forages. Proceedings 6th walnut research symposium, 2004 July 25 - 28, Lafayette, IN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-243. USDA and USFS. p. 186. Sulc, R. M. (information source). 2004. Leafhopper-resistant alfalfa shows gains. Hay and Forage Grower. 13 Aug. 2004. PRIMEDIA Business Magazines, Overland Park, KS. Available online at http://hayandforage.com/news/Leafhopper-Resistant-Alfalfa-081304/index.html. Sulc, R. M. 2004. New red clover varieties are more persistent. Amazing Graze News. April 2004. Available at http://forages.osu.edu/News/Archive/index.html. Sulc, R. M. 2004. Timing harvest of silage corn. 2004. p. 118-120 In Bittman and Kowalenko (ed.) Advanced Silage Corn Management. Pacific Field Corn Assoc., Agassiz, B.C. Sulc, R. M., K.d. Johnson, C.C. Sheaffer, D.J. Undersander, and E.V. Santen. 2004. Forage quality of potato leafhopper-resistant and susceptible alfalfa cultivars. Agron. J. 96:337-343. Sulc, R. M., J.S. McCormick, R.B. Hammond, and D. Miller. 2004. Economic thresholds in potato leafhopper resistant alfalfa cultivars. Proc. of Joint Conf. of 39th North Amer. Alfalfa Improvement Conf. and 18th Trifolium Conf. 18-21 July 2004. Quebec City, Canada. Available online at: http://www.naaic.org/Meetings/National/2004NAAIC&TC/2004abstracts/msulc.pdf. Sulc, R. M., J.S. McCormick, L.H. Rhodes, D.J. Barker, and R.B. Hammond. 2004. Ohio forage performance trials. Hort.& Crop Sci. Series 195. Agdex 141, Ohio State Univ. Available at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/. Sulc, R. M., A. Moraes, S.J. Alves, A. Pelissari, P.F. Carvalho, and J.C. Sa. 2004. How grazing improves competitiveness of soybean farmers in southern Brazil. Proc. American Forage & Grassland Council 13:255. Tracy, B.F. and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Productivity and stability relationships in pasture communities of varying species composition. Crop Sci. 44: 2180-2186. Tracy, B.F., I.J. Renne, J. Gerrish, and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Effects of plant diversity on invasion of weed species in experimental pasture communities. Basic and Applied Ecol. 5: 543-550. Undersander, D.J., R. Becker, D. Cosgrove, E. Cullen, J. Doll, C. Grau, K. Kelling, M. Rice, M. Schmitt, C. Sheaffer, G. Shewmaker, and R.M. Sulc. 2004. Alfalfa management guide. NCR547. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison. Van Sambeek, J.W., H.E. Garrett, N.E. Navarrete-Tindall, C.H. Lin and R.L. McGraw. 2004. Percentile rank as an approach to evaluating shade tolerance of ground covers for agroforestry. In: Congress Abstracts, First World Congress of Agroforestry proceedings. 27 June - 2 July. Orlando, Fl. p. 258. Volesky, J.D., W.H. Schacht, and D.M. Richardson. 2004. Stocking rate and grazing frequency effects on Sandhills meadows. J. Range Manage. 57:553-560. Wen, L., J.E. Williams, R.L. Kallenbach, C.A. Roberts, P.R. Beuselinck, and R.L. McGraw. 2004. Cattle preferentially select birdsfoot trefoil from mixtures of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil. Online. Forage and Grazinglands doi:10.1094/FG-2004-0924-01-RS. West, C.P., and S.A. Gunter. 2004. Persistence of HiMag tall fescue inoculated with nontoxic endophytes. In R.L. Kallenbach et al. (eds.). Paper #518. Abstracts and Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions.
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