Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual NC1197 meeting was hosted by Tim Todd at the Hilton Garden Inn. At 8:30 AM on 7/10/14, Ann MacGuidwin (chair) brought the meeting to order and welcomed participants. Steve Pueppke (administrative advisor) discussed the timeline and the requirements for renewal of the current project. The deadline for submitting a request to write a proposal is September 15, 2015. Objectives for renewal are due by October 15, 2015 with the completed proposal due by December 1, 2015. The renewal proposal should be broad and inclusive. The meeting ended on 7/11/14 with a discussion of potential objectives for the upcoming renewal. Senyu Chen offered to host the 2015 meeting in Minnesota. Nathan Schroeder and Guiping Yan were elected chair and secretary, respectively, for 2015. The primary goal of this meeting was to present and discuss research results pertaining to the project objectives. A complete file of the meeting minutes and submitted state reports is available upon request from Nathan Schroeder. A synopsis of these results with emphasis on decisions is presented below by objective: Objective 1: Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability. A. Evaluation of SCN-resistant soybean lines and cultivars. Several states have ongoing variety testing trials against specific soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG Types/races (AR, IA, IL, KS, MN). Across these states, over 800 cultivars and lines were tested. These data are typically presented online and in direct extension bulletins to growers and represent a valuable source of information for growers, breeders and seed companies. Furthermore these data will be useful for developing and testing hypotheses on the adaptation of SCN populations to host resistance. B. Assessment of HG Types and other aspects of virulence. Several states have ongoing surveys of SCN HG Types/races (OH, KS, IL, IN, MN, AR, WI). Assessment of HG type is typically performed using a standardized bioassay. While variation exists among and within states, HG Type 2 populations (capable of reproduction on PI88788) are extremely common. In several states HG Type 2 constitute the majority of surveyed populations. The spread of specific populations is thought to be due to the extensive use of soybean cultivars with PI88788 sources of resistance. However, in at least one state (WI) there isn’t strong evidence for natural selection within a geographic area. We hypothesize that in certain cases HG Type populations are introduced to new geographical areas through long-distance transport along waterways and via phoresy. The Taylor lab (OH) has collected RNAseq profiles on various HG Types to elucidate possible mechanisms of virulence. C. Evaluation of new nematicidal seed treatments for management of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes. New chemical and biological seed treatments have been introduced into the commercial market for both SCN and corn-parasitic nematode control. These include Votivo, Avicta and Clariva. Evaluation of these products and other chemical compounds (terbufos) is ongoing in several states (IL, IN, MN, NE, WI). The effectiveness of these products was extremely variable. In areas with low plant-parasitic nematode densities, these products are of questionable economic value. D. Evaluation of rotational crops and cultural practices for SCN and corn-parasitic nematode management. A diverse set of experiments were conducted to assess the effects of cropping systems on various plant-parasitic nematodes. For example, data from the MacGuidwin lab (WI) showed that intercropping of Pearl Millett with soybean can reduce populations of lesion nematodes. The effect of rotation on sugar-beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schactii) was assessed by the Melakeberhan lab (MI). The Chen lab (MN) continued a long-term corn-soybean rotation study and found that while rotation strategy had a significant effect on yield this was not correlated with nematode population density. E. Investigation of pest interactions involving plant-parasitic nematodes and their contribution to yield losses in North Central Region crops. The interaction between Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot on soybeans, and SCN was investigated by the Niblack lab (OH). Preliminary data were mixed regarding a possible interaction effect between M. phaseolina and SCN. The effect of SCN resistance on sudden death syndrome (SDS) was tested by the Todd lab (KS). SDS severity was not consistently correlated with SCN resistance in Kansas. However, the Ferris and Faghihi labs (IN) did find consistent strong synergistic interactions between SCN and SDS, Objective 2: Determine the relationships among nematode population characteristics, crop injury, and soil health. A. Develop a list of damaging nematodes for corn and other major crops in the North Central Region. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn were determined in multiple states (OH, IL, IN, WI) through both surveys as well as grower-submitted samples. Ongoing work in the Todd lab (KS) tested the effect of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on wheat. Populations of P. neglectus and P. thornei exceeding 5000 nematodes per gram of root were damaging to wheat. Screening for resistance to lesion nematodes in wheat is ongoing. B. Determine damage thresholds for major corn-parasitic nematode species. A manuscript is being prepared for a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes. This manuscript will revise outdated thresholds. C. Characterize infraspecific variation in host-parasite interactions across the North Central Region. Results discussed in Objective 1B regarding HG Type variation are applicable to this sub-aim. D. Develop predictive models of nematode population dynamics for SCN and other regionally-important plant-parasitic nematodes. The Melakeberhan lab (MI) investigated the population dynamics of sugar beet cyst nematode and root-lesion nematodes in relationship to crop health and soil food web structure. E. Identify sampling and extraction issues related to management of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the region. The proper sampling time for assessment of damage potential due to SCN was discussed. The committee agreed that sampling within the first 60 days following planting was the most effective for predicting damage. The proper extraction technique for root-lesion nematodes was discussed. There was consensus that methods developed by the MacGuidwin lab (WI) are the most effective for root-lesion nematode extraction. Objective 3: Develop tools for technology transfer for management of regionally important nematodes with special reference to soybean cyst nematode and corn parasitic nematodes. A. Assemble a dynamic database of soybean cultivar characteristics related to SCN resistance. Several states (IL, IA, KS) have provided open access to the characterization of SCN resistance in hundreds of soybean cultivars. B. Provide reliable information on the distribution of virulence phenotypes for SCN populations in the North Central Region. Most states are currently investigating the distribution of virulence phenotypes in association with HG Type testing (see Objective 1B). C. Provide readily accessible and reliable information on rapidly evolving nematode management strategies such as the new commercial seed treatments for nematode control. None presented. D. Provide a consensus damage threshold for each of the major corn-parasitic nematodes in the NCR. A manuscript is in preparation by several state representatives describing a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes.

1. Hundreds of soybean lines and cultivars were tested for resistance to multiple SCN populations. This data has been made publically available through both free print and electronic distribution. 2. The distribution and virulence of SCN HG Types were assessed throughout the North Central Region. Recommendations were provided to growers based on these results. 3. Commercially available seed treatments for the control of nematodes on soybean and corn were evaluated in a wide-range of environmental conditions. This data was released to the public through extension talks and electronic bulletins.

Journal Articles Brzostowski, L.F., Schapaugh, W.T., Todd, T.C., Little, C.R., and P.A. Rzodkiewicz. 2014. Effect of host resistance to Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines on sudden death syndrome disease severity and soybean seed yield. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0100. Chen, P., Rupe, J.C., Dombek, D.G., Kirkpatrick, T., Robbins, R.T., Wu, C., and P. Manjarrez. 2013. Registration of ‘UA 5213C’ Soybean. Journal of Plant Registrations. Chen, S., Kurle, J. E., Sun, M., Naeve, S., Wyse, D. L., and L.A. Stahl, 2013. Preceding crops affected iron-deficiency chlorosis and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean cyst nematode infested fields. Crop Science 53:250-259. Hopkins, B. G., D. A. Horneck, and A. E. MacGuidwin. 2014. Improving phosphorus use efficiency through potato rhizosphere modification and extension. American Journal of Potato Research 91:161-174. Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Mekete, T., Sekora, N., and T.L. Niblack. 2014. First Report of the Stubby-Root Nematode (Paratrichodorus allius) From a Corn Field in Ohio. Plant Disease 98(8):1,164.3. Marburger, D., Conley, S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2013. Relationship between Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines in commercial soybean fields in Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0107. McCarville, M.T., Soh, D.H., Tylka, G.L., and M.E. O’Neal. 2014. Aboveground feeding by soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, affects soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, reproduction belowground. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86415. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086415. Testen, A.L., Walsh, E.K., Taylor, C.G., Miller, S.A., and H.D. Lopez-Nicora. 2014. First report of bloat nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) infecting garlic in Ohio. Plant Disease 2014 98:6, 859-859. Todd, T.C., Appel, J.A., Vogel, J., and N.A.Tisserat. 2014. Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Kansas and eastern Colorado wheat fields. Plant Health Progress (in press). Tylka, G.L. and C.C. Marett. 2014. Distribution of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) in the United States and Canada: 1954 to 2014. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-BR-14-0006. Abstracts and Conference Proceedings Grabau, Z., Chen, S., and J. Vetsch. 2013. The effects of fertilizer, nematicide, and tillage on Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, and the nematode community in soybean and corn fields. Journal of Nematology 45:290. (Abstr.) Habteweld, A., Brainard, D.M. Ngouajio, M., Kravchenko, S., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Assessing the impact of compost amendment for managing nematodes and soil health in mineral soil to improve carrot production. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee. Hu, W., Chen, S., and X. Liu. 2013. Effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines and the fungi associated with its cysts. Journal of Nematology 45:295. Lopez-Nicora, H.D., Dorrance, A., and T.L. Niblack. 2014. Marker-assessed selection in tandem with bioassay predict soybean response in field with SCN. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. May 4 – 9, 2014 (abstr.). MacGuidwin, A. E. 2013. Are nematodes really a problem in corn? Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 52:163-165.. MacGuidwin, A. E. 2013. Nematode response to fumigation alternatives. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 26:171-172. MacGuidwin, A.E. 2013. Nematode detection and management. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 26:193-194. MacGuidwin, A.E. 2014. Nematode pests of potato – status and management updates. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 27:97-101. Marburger, D., Gaska,D., Conley, S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2014. Relationship between SDS and SCN in commercial soybean fields in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 53:136-140 Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T., Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., Schmidt, T., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Nematode community analyses to assess the foor web structure and ecological disturbances in Ferralsol, Lithosol and Nitosol soil groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee. Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T., Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., Schmidt, T., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Abundance and frequency of nematodes in Ferralsol, Lithosol and Nitosol soil groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee. Melakeberhan, H., Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T.,Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., and T. Schmidt (2013). Types of biological and nutritional degradations in Ferralsol, Lithosol, and Nitosols soild groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee. Olson, L.K., Tylka, G.L., Jordhal, J., Meyer, S., Goltz, J., Kringler, J., Helms, T., and S. Markell. 2013. Increasing awareness of soybean cyst nematode in North Dakota. ?Phytopathology 103(S2):107-108. Robbins, R.T., Shannon, G., Chen, P., Kantartzi, S.K., Jackson, L.E., Gbur, E.E., Dombek, D.G., Velie, J.T., and T. R. Faske. 2014. Reniform nematode reproduction on Soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2013. Proceeding Beltwide Cotton Conferences, New Orleans Jan 6-8. Tatalovic, N., Tylka, G.L., and L.F. Leandro. 2013. Effect of watering regime and Fusarium virguliforme infection on location of soybean cyst nematode syncytia in soybean roots. Phytopathology 103(S2):143. Tylka, G.L., McCarville, M.T., Marett, C.C., Gebhart, G.D., Soh, D.H., Mullaney, M.P., and M.E. O’Neal. 2013. Direct comparison of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on resistant soybean varieties in greenhouse and field experiments. Journal of Nematology 45(4):322-323. Extension Publications: Faghihi, J., Bower, B., Krupke C., and V.R. Ferris. Nematode Updates - Corn Parasitic Nematodes, Pest and Crops Newsletter 4/3/13. Faghihi, J., Wise, K., and V.R. Ferris. (2013). VIDEO: Soybean Cyst Nematode Plot Time-Lapse. http://extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2013/issue24/index.html Maung, Z.T.Z., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Effects of mustard and oil seed radish crops on reproduction of sugar beet cyst. 2013 research Results, Michigan Sugarbeet Research Education Advisory Council (REACH). 98 Maung, Z.T.Z., McGrath, M., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Effects of rotation crops on soil health and reproduction of sugarbeet cyst and other nematodes. 2013 research Results, Michigan Sugarbeet Research Education Advisory Council (REACH). 98-100. Smith, D., Chilvers, M., Dorrance, A., Hughes, T., Mueller, D., Niblack, T., and K. Wise. 2014. Charcoal Rot Management in the North Central Region. Publication A4037, University of Wisconsin Extension. Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2013. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 22 pp. Tylka, G.L., Gebhart, G.D., Marett, C.C., and M.P. Mullaney. 2013. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa – 2013. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52, 32 pp. Tylka, G. 2013. Increased early SCN activity may problematic for soybean producers. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (5 June 2013). Tylka, G. 2013. Sample fields for soybean cyst nematode. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (25 October 2013). Tylka, G. 2013. Hundreds of SCN-resistant soybean varieties available for 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (31 October 2013). Tylka, G. 2013. Get the latest information on performance of SCN-resistant soybeans. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (18 December 2013). Tylka, G. 2014. Trial results show dual benefits of SCN resistance. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (17 January 2014). Tylka, G. 2014. Be wary of high SCN numbers in 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (10 February 2014). Tylka, G. 2014. SCN females now apparent on infected soybean roots. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (11 June 2014).