Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

8:00 am
The scheduled address by Dr. Muquarrab Qureshi was cancelled due to the federal government shutdown

8:02 am
Address by Dr. Mark Rieger, Dean, University of Delaware College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Townsend Hall, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19716-2103. Phone: (302) 831-2501, email: mrieger@udel.edu
1. Dr. Rieger reminded NE-1034 members about the importance of yearly activity narratives not only in terms of a basic reporting requirement but also to promote the diverse research and activities conducted by NE-1034 participants.
2. Dr. Rieger introduced and stressed the importance of impact statements to further the dissemination and promotion of work conducted by NE-1034 participants.
a. Two page format (additional details forthcoming)
b. Intent is to describe in plain language by NE-1034 participants “why should we[government] invest in this research?”
c. In addition to the required yearly activity report, impact statements will be required of all participants in 2014 and each year thereafter

8:15 am
New member presentations
1. Dr. Jiuzhou Song, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, Bldg 142, College Park, Maryland 20742. Phone: 301-405-5943, Fax: 301-405-7980, Email: songj88@umd.edu
a. Presentation title: “Epigenetics Modification Induced by MDV in Inbred Chicken Lines”
b. Presentation focus: Can epigenetic markers predict susceptibility to animal disease?
i. Approach: Study the occurrence and distribution of infection-induced differential methylation regions

2. Dr. Solomon Olawole (Wole) Odemuyiwa, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Tuskegee University, A412 Patterson Hall, Tuskegee, AL 36088. Email: sodemuyiwa@mytu.tuskegee.edu
a. Presentation title: “Chicken Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Influence of Virus Infection on Functional Differentiation.”
b. Presentation focus: How does differentiation of monocytes into M1 and M2 macrophages and dendritic cells occur?
i. Approach: Comparative study of PAMPs and pathogen recognition receptors in ducks (RIG-1,MDA-5) and chickens (MDA-5)

8:45 am
Motion by Dr. Sue Lamont to endorse the membership of Dr. Jiuzhou Song and Dr. Solomon Olawole Odemuyiwa as Technical Committee members of NE-1034. Seconded by Dr. Robert Taylor. Passed by unanimous vote.

8:59 am
Dr. Pat Wakenell announced her upcoming retirement and indicated a desire to host the 2014 NE-1034 meeting at Purdue University

9:01 am
NE-1034 participants openly discussed the venue for meetings over the next four years.

9:04 am
Group consensus established the following upcoming meeting locations for NE-1034:
1. 2014 – Purdue University
2. 2015 – University of California – Davis
3. 2016 – University of Wisconsin – Madison
4. 2017 – University of Prince Edward Island

9:06 am
Dr. Matt Koci acknowledged appreciation for:
1. Organizational efforts of Natasha Dillon

2. Financial contributions from:
a. Cobb-Vantress
b. Zoetis
c. N.C. Agricultural Research Service
d. CALS
e. NCSU
f. Prestage Department of Poultry Science
g. Hy-Line

9:09 am
Dr. Gisela Erf indicated that the new Multi-state organization is to be named NE-1334 for the next 5 years. Dr. Erf thanked her co-writers, Dr. Rami Dalloul, Dr. Kirk Klasing, and Dr. Huaijun Zhou for their critical input in writing the renewal NE-1334 proposal in 2012.

9:11 am
Dr. Kirk Klasing extended appreciation to Dr. Gisela Erf for writing the renewal proposal in 2012.

9:13 am
Dr. Pat Wakenell extended appreciation to Dr. Matt Koci for hosting and organizing the 2013 NE-1034 meeting

9:14 am
Dr. Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte recognized the organizational efforts of Dr. Matt Koci, Dr. Chris Ashwell, and others in the North Carolina State University group. Dr. Juan Carlos also indicated that Dr. Mark Berres will chair the 2014 meeting. Gisela Erf nominated Ramesh Selvaraj to serve as secretary in 2014.

9:15 am
Business portion of NE-1034 meeting adjourned

Minutes recorded and prepared by:
Dr. Mark E. Berres Secretary NE-1034 2013

The existence of the project has promoted an important amount of research involving both individual as collaborative efforts between groups. Results generated from the support of this project have allowed significant discovery and evaluation of genes and genetic markers participating on the disease resistance in Poultry. Moreover, the group is facing important challenges to use these results in the context of the avian species and the Poultry industry; the work that is underway to identify specific susceptibility genes involved in diseases will be of great value in controlling and modifying possible outbreaks. Our research on chicken line susceptibility in conjunction with mechanisms participating in innate and adaptive immunity has significantly enhanced the genetic bases for resistance and immunity to avian diseases in this group.

Subsequent Results of research on aspects such as environmental, physiological and nutritional factors modulating and affecting the avian immune system are inferring interesting potential to modify and optimize the immune response to chickens to important avian pathogens such as Avian Influenza, infectious bursal disease virus, Marek, salmonella among others. Nutritional intervention as a immune modulator is becoming a critical factor to joint industry and research and academia. The ultimate consequences of this collaborative effort will be enhancing disease control, health status and poultry welfare.

New tools and strategies have been developed, evaluated and characterized to investigate immune system development, physiology of the immune system and disease control in poultry. Diligent efforts in this field are inferring helpful strategies to evaluate responses in tissue, blood, and organs more quickly and specific.

The current and future support of the government in this group will be essential to continue discovering, characterizing and evaluating relevant genes, proteins, environmental factors associates with the resistance to pathogens and how to effectively control disease relevant to the poultry industry and potential zoonotic diseases.

Accomplishments:

OBJECTIVE 1. Identify and characterize genes and their relationships to disease resistance in poultry with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex as well as other genes encoding alloantigens, communication molecules and their receptors and other candidate systems.

(AK) Gene network analysis, which represents the intermolecular connections among interacting genes based on functional knowledge inputs, revealed that development of vitiligo appeared to be associated with the interactions among protein kinases (MAPK, ERK1/2, PKC, PRKDC), phosphatase (PPP1CA), ubiquitinylation (UBC) and amyloid production (APP). Together, these studies promise important new information on identifying the specific susceptibility genes responsible for the depigmentation and other abnormalities seen in the SL. CA reported the finalization of the molecular cytogenetic analysis of GGA 16 with regard to genes identified by cCGH; they found in this microchromose: in the small p arm no genes or elements discovered to date other than terminal telomere repeats; in the centromere CNM repeats; and in the q (long) SRCR (cysteine-rich-domain scavenger receptor genes) and OR (olfactory receptor genes) interspersed, the NOR, MHC-Y, GC-rich region (w/PO41 repeats and a secondary constriction), MHC-B, terminal telomere repeats. Also, they did not find evidence of MDV either associated or integrated form on macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU. Using UA04 cell line CA indicated MDV cytogenetic signals in the “associated form” (small punctate signals surround chromosomes), adjacent to the chromosomes with the integrated form upon BrdU exposure (and relative to controls). CA Lung Transcriptome following Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Two Genetically Distinct Chicken Inbred Lines using RNA-seq research showed a total of 2,464 differentially expressed genes, there were 62 genes identified in both Leghorn and Fayoumi birds, which have been reported having antiviral activities, including the chicken MX1 gene. Gene Ontology analysis using DAVID program was conducted (fold enrichment > 2 and FDR < 20%). It is noticed that RIG-I-like receptor-signaling pathway (even though RIG-I does not exist in chickens), which is critical for AIV resistance, was significantly enriched (> 10 fold) in the Fayoumi line. CA reported that the reassortant (vvIBDV segment A + serotype 2 segment B) viruses induces immunodeficiency in broilers and layers. DE reported that avian­specific toll like receptor 15 (TLR15) is functionally equivalent to a group of TLR2 family proteins that the mammalian innate immune system utilizes to recognize a broad spectrum of microbe-­associated molecular patterns, including bacterial lipoproteins; Also confirmed that the avian TLR7 receptor recognizes ssRNA, like its mammalian counterpart. DK working on transcription efficiency of different chicken mannose-binding lectin promoter alleles found that the mutation of SNP2 AGGA in A1 to GGGG was expected to increase the transcription activity, but instead the mutation silenced the transcription activity completely. Thus, SNP2 may be used as a diagnostic SNP, but does not appear to be the major functional SNP causing low MBL mRNA expression. DK reported for the first time that MBL expression is present in the lungs of healthy chickens, and that the expression is upregulated at days 3 and 7 after IBV infection. Furthermore, in the liver of infected chickens, the MBL expression was upregulated at day 3 and even more at day 7 after IBV infection, despite the fact that the MBL serum concentrations were decreased below baseline at the latter time point. Thus, these results indicate that MBL is produced locally and may be involved in the regulation of the cellular immune response after an IBV infection. Analyzing host transcriptional response to vaccination and/or infection with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) IO has conducted and published microarray analyses of the spleen and peripheral WBC transcriptome evaluated utilizing a chicken 44K Agilent microarray. As a part of chicken breeding program to study disease resistance, the remaining recombinant congenic strains (RCS) provide an opportunity to find genes other than the MHC that impacts immune responses. NH reported in v-src tumor growth research that strains J, R and W were significantly lower than Line 63, strains A, C and L; characterizing antibody response against SRBC they reported that RCS J antibody response was slower to develop whereas RCS N had a more rapid decline. Most interesting, is RCS J, which differed significantly in both v-src TPI and SRBC titer. Working on gene expression in the embryonic immune tissue from high (HAS) and low (LAS) SRBC antibody selected lines exposed to testosterone propionate NH reported that gene expression was consistent with differential immune response between the selected lines. HAS C versus LAS C groups express different genes suggesting diverse B-cell maturation. WI has demonstrated that wild populations of Red Jungle Fowl (the direct ancestor of modern domestic lines) collected in Vietnam have highly diverse and unique alleles not only at Mx and MHC loci, but also presumably in other immunologically active genes. NC working on specific variant within exon 14 of Mx gene (amino acid S631N) which modulates resistance to avian influenza virus infection found that there were significant changes in haplotype frequency in 6 of the 8 lines that were segregating, suggesting some unknown selective advantage for certain haplotypes. UG reported that their result suggest that avian AAV-based vectors can be used for the delivery of shRNA into chicken cells. However, administration of the rAAAV expressing shRNA targeting chicken IFN-? did not seem to abrogate vaccine-induced protection. UG results suggest that erythrocytes constitutively express transcripts for TLRs 2,3,4,5 and 21, as well as for many immunological genes including type I interferons (IFN) and interleukin (IL)-8. Moreover, it was found that treatment with both poly I:C and CpG ODN up-regulated transcripts for type I IFNs, while only poly I:C up-regulated IL-8 transcripts and enhanced the production of nitrite; Also UG has demonstrated that different TLR2 ligands may induce slightly different cytokine responses in chicken splenocytes. GA showed that JetPEI can transfect multiple chick cell types, most notably germline stem cells. They also showed that pairing these two reagents (piggyback (PB) and JetPEI) is a viable and reproducible method for integration of transgenes into the chicken genome; in addition GA, using a protocol for a sperm mediated gene transfer technique reported with high success in fish, they dehydrated sperm with hypotonic diluent and then rehydrated the sperm with hypertonic diluent with plasmid DNA, showing that the plasmid was taken into the sperm and a portion of the plasmid DNA was delivered to the embryos at fertilization, although the GFP gene found in the plasmid was not expressed in the embryo and the process greatly decreased fertility. WD reported that working in a new selection on high or low Natural Antibody (NAb) titers binding KLH they found that for the 2 segregating MHC types there was no indication of an MHC effect on NAb titers; they are working on SNP associations with natural antibody isotypes IgM and IgG binding KLH in laying hens.

Objective 2. Identify and characterize environmental, dietary and physiological factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune function and immune system related disease resistance and welfare in poultry genetic stocks.

(AK) Through a time-course study it was confirmed that the signature cytokine profile of SL vitiligo autoimmune disease is a combination of IFN-?, IL-21, and IL-10. In addition AK reported that histopathology of impaired vision in SL vitiligo resembles induced uveitis and other ocular diseases in humans, especially Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome and sympathetic opthalmia (result of penetrating eye injury), both of which are autoimmune diseases associated with vitiligo. CA reported that applying the piggyBac transposon system for establishing stable in vitro chicken cell lines can provide a powerful tool in elucidating the IRF7 function in the host-pathogen interaction in chicken; In CA the obtained results examining pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine expression at the mRNA level in the bursa and spleen, 1 and 4 days post-infection with different infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains including vvIBDV reassortants, reflected differences in the development of the immune system suggesting that the strength of the host responses at transcriptional level maybe a key factor in age dependent immunosuppression. Regarding Marek’s disease virus (MDV) DE research is focused particularly in the functional analysis of MDV genes as they relate to the evolution of MDV virulence Meq and glycoprotein L. DE has found that spliced forms of the Meq oncoprotein, which are expressed during latency, in lymphomas and in cell lines derived from lymphomas have increased affinity for CtBP­1, a protein that serves as a scaffold for chromatin­remodeling enzymes (histone methyltransferases, histone acetylases, etc.); because MDV­induced tumor composition associated with point mutations in the Meq oncoprotein DE is characterizing lymphomas caused by virulent (v), very virulent (vv) and very virulent + (vv+) MDVs; moreover DE reported on their findings that a glycoprotein L (gL) mutation common to MDV field strains isolated along the East Coast of the US (NH, PA, DE, MD, VA, and NC) since 200 introduced into the RB-­1B strain of MDV as an infectious clone (pRB-­1B) did not confer increased virulence to this virus in terms of increased replication or ability to cause disease in unvaccinated or HVT-­vaccinated chickens. Moreover, it did not appear to confer increased virulence to contact­exposed, bivalently-vaccinated chickens. Regarding AI, DE reported that a microarray analysis revealed a core set of 61 genes differentially regulated in response to all three LPAIVs tested and 101, 135, and 628 differentially expressed genes unique to infection with chicken, duck, or turkey origin LPAIV isolates respectively; in addition qRT­PCR results revealed significant (p<0.05) induction of IL-­1?, IL-­2, and IFN? transcription, especially with the chicken­origin isolate. DE has concluded that altering the host immune response using TLR agonists before infection with HPAIV can have beneficial effects as measured by increased survival time. DK reported as MBL ligands co-administered with IBV vaccine induced differences between chicken lines, these results indirectly suggest that MBL is involved in the immune response to IBV vaccination. Furthermore, the higher antibody response in L10H chickens receiving vaccine and FOS makes FOS a potential adjuvant candidate in an IBV vaccine. Within a USDA-AFRI funded Climate Change project (PD: C. Schmidt, UDEL), IO is investigating the interaction of two putative stressors: heat stress and exposure to an inflammation-inducing PAMP (LPS). Working for a central role for Tregs in salmonellosis persistence in chicken, OH has reported that S. enterica might have unique properties that can stimulate Tregs in a host to evade immune responses; they found at 14 d post-S. enterica infection, the percentage and IL-10 mRNA content increased in cecal tonsils. The suppressive properties of cecal tonsils Tregs on CD4+CD25- immune cells increased by 400 % and thus Tregs became supersuppressive. This suggests the role of Tregs in S. enterica persistence. Preliminary studies in NC suggest the production of some as yet unidentified soluble factor in circulation regulates the leukocyte activity. Studies are continuing to isolate and characterize this factor or factors. AL results indicated that IgA may play an important role in controlling IBV and that successful field isolates such as AL/4614/98, escape vaccine-induced host attachment domain-binding IgA antibodies through vaccine driven immune selection for point mutations in these B cell epitopes. Consistent with this notion is the observation that most IgA antibodies recognizing linear S1 B cell epitopes outside the host attachment domain seem less affected by changes in these linear B cell epitopes. WD reported to be working on effects of husbandry on immune responsiveness of chickens and immune-modulation of the immune response (Innate immune system) with emphasis on natural antibodies, probiotics and PAMPs.

Objective 3. Develop, evaluate and characterize methodologies, reagents and genotypes to assess immune function and disease resistance to enhance production efficiency through genetic selection in poultry.

AK continues working on the growing feather as an “in-vivo test-tube” to monitor tissue responses to test-material in vivo in the same individual; they will be examining bioactivity of nanoparticles in vivo using this test-system along with monitoring of the peripheral blood. DE has been working on: (1.) characterizing a vaccine strain that has reverted to virulence; currently they are examining mutations on CVI988-699-2 RV for changes in coding sequences, expression and ultimately, changes in virulence. (2.) developing pathotype-specific infectious clones for use as challenge strains of defined virulence; their plan on generating BAC­based infectious clones based on vMDV (GA-22), vvMDV (RB­1B) and vv+MDV (TK) field strains, and (3.) developing a targeted set of qPCR primers to define innate sensing, signaling and immune patterning important to MD vaccine protection versus pathogenesis; to evaluate the effect of an immune stimulant on Marek’s disease vaccine efficacy, DE has put together a targeted set of 40+ qPCR primers to evaluate innate sensing, signaling and immune patterning following vaccination. DK has reported a rapid method for quantification of Salmonella spp. in cloacal swab samples that has been developed. The method is based on a short pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water (BPW), DNA extraction and quantification by real-time PCR. In addition, DK reported that assessment of CD107a cell surface expression is potentially a useful tool for CTL studies in chickens. Iowa State University maintains 13 chicken genetic lines. In the past year, they were reproduced in one generation (The ISU genetic lines are of two basic genetic structures: (a) highly inbred lines or (b) advanced intercross lines (AIL)). AL has reported that after the primary response decreased mucosal IgA antibody mediated protection may occur contributing to possible increased vulnerability of the host for re-exposure to IBV.

Books and Chapters

Cheng, H.H. and Lamont, S.J. 2013 Genetics of disease resistance. Pp. 70-86. In: Diseases of Poultry. 13th ed. D. E. Swayne, J.R. Glisson, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, L. Nolan, and D.L. Suarez, Eds. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames

Delany, M.E. and T.H. O’Hare. 2013. Genetic stocks for immunological research (Appendix I). In Avian Immunology, 2nd Edition (editors: K.A. Schat, B. Kaspers and P. Kaiser). Elsevier: Academic Press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 9780123969651. 456 pp.

Erf, G. F. 2013. Autoimmune diseases of poultry. Avian Immunology, 2nd edition. Schat K. A., B. Kaspers, and P. Kaiser, editors. Elsevier, London, San Diego, CA. (in press)

Lamont, S.J., Dekkers, J.C.M., and Zhou, H. 2014. Immunogenetics and mapping immunological functions. Pp. 205-221. In: Avian Immunology. F. Davison, B. Kaspars, P. Kaiser, K.A. Schat, Eds., Elsevier, London, San Diego

van Ginkel, F.W. 2014. The Scourge of IBV. Auburn Speaks; (in press).

Peer-reviewed papers

Abernathy, J., C. Corkill, C. Hinojosa, X. Li, H. Zhou. 2013. Deletions in the pyruvate pathway of Salmonella Typhimurium alter SPI1-mediated gene expression and infectivity. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 4:5. DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-5.

Anderson, J. L., C. M. Ashwell, S. C. Smith, R. Shine, E. C. Smith, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2013. Atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeon aortic cells express different genes in vivo. Poult. Sci. 92:2668-2680

Anderson, J. L., S. C. Smith and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2013. Atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeon aortic smooth muscle cells express different genes and proteins in vitro. In: Current Trends in Atherogenesis. R. Rezzani, (ed.) InTech, Inc., Rijeka, Croatia (Review) pp. 165-186 Accessed February 27, 2013 DOI: 10.5772/52948
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/atherosclerosis-susceptible-and-atherosclerosis-resistant-pigeon-aortic-smooth-muscle-cells-express-

B.G. de Jong, A. Lammers, L.A.A. Oberendorf, M.G.B. Nieuwland, H.F.J. Savelkoul, H.K. Parmentier. Genetic and phenotypic selection affect natural (auto-) antibody reactivity of chickens. In press, PlosOne, 8 mei 2013.

Burks, T. A. and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2013. Genetic control of Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor growth in chickens: Role of the major histocompatibility (B) complex. Animal Science Image Gallery. National Agriculture Library http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov//index.php #5178 in press

C. J. Sample, K. E. Hudak, B. E. Barefoot, M. D. Koci, M. S. Wanyonyi, S. Abraham, H. F. Staats, E. A. Ramsburg. A mastoparan-derived peptide has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. Peptides. 48:96-105, 2013.

Cabral, R., P. Erickson, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2013. Processing effects on colostrum quality. Animal Science Image Gallery. National Agriculture Library http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov//index.php #5181 in press

Cheng, H.H., Kaiser, P., and Lamont, S.J. 2013. Integrated genomic approaches to enhance genetic resistance in chickens. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 2013. 1:239–260

Coble, D.J., E. E. Sandford, T, Ji, J. Abernathy, D. Fleming, H. Zhou, S.J. Lamont. 2012. Impacts of Salmonella enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers. Genesis DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22351.

Coble, D.J., Sandford, E. E., Ji, T., Abernathy, J., Fleming, D., Zhou, H., and Lamont, S.J. 2013. Impacts of Salmonella enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers. Genesis 51:357–364

E. O. Oviedo-Rondón, N. M. Leandro, R. Ali, M. Koci, V. Moraes, and J. Brake. Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 22:499-510, 2013.

Engel, A. T., R. K. Selvaraj, J. P. Kamil, N. Osterrieder, and B. B. Kaufer. 2012. Marek's disease viral interleukin-8 promotes lymphoma formation through targeted recruitment of B cells and CD4+ CD25+ T cells. J Virol 86: 8536-8545.

Erf, G.F. 2013. Autoimmune disease: unique research opportunities in the autoimmune vitiligo-prone Smyth line of chicken. World J. Immunol. (in press)

Erf., G.F. 2013. Laboratory Update - Gisela Erf. PASPCR Newsletter 21 (2):15-17.

G. den Hartog, R.P.M.A. Crooijmans, H.K. Parmentier, H.F.J. Savelkoul, N.A. Bos, A. Lammers. Ontogeny of the avian intestinal immunoglobulin repertoire: modification in CDR3 length and conserved VH-pseudogene usage. Molecular Immunology in press

Gadde, U., T. Rathinam, G. F. Erf, and H. D. Chapman. 2013. Cellular immune responses to infection with the protozoan parasite Eimeria adenoeides in turkey poults. Poult. Sci. (in press)

Gerritsen, G.J. Klaassen, G. Schuttert, S.M.G. Rouwers, H.K. Parmentier, F. Molist. The effect of a mixture of dairy-based feet ingredients, vegetable fats, and yest cell walls on performance and innate immunity of weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 269-271. 2012.

Gurjar, R.S., S. L. Gulley, and F.W. van Ginkel. 2013. Cell-mediated immune responses in the head-associated lymphoid tissues induced to a live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccine. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 41:715-722, 2013.

H.K. Parmentier, L.P.M. Verhofstad, G. De Vries Reilingh, M.G.B. Nieuwland. Breeding for high specific immune reactivity affects sensitivity to the environment and is negatively associated with egg production in layers. Poultry Science 91: 3044-3051, 2012.

H.T.L. Lai, M.G.B. Nieuwland, A.J.A. Aarnink, B. Kemp, H.K. Parmentier. Effects of two size classes of intratracheally administered airborne dust particles on primary and secondary specific antibody responses and body weight gain of broilers: a pilot study on the effects of naturally occurring dust. Poultry Science 91: 604-615, 2012.

Haq K, Schat KA, Sharif S. Immunity to Marek's disease: Where are we now? Dev Comp Immunol. 2013 Nov;41(3):439-46.

Haq K, Wootton SK, Barjesteh N, St Paul M, Golovan S, Bendall AJ, Sharif S. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of chicken interferon-? expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2013 Jun;33(6):319-27.

J. Groffen, H.K. Parmentier, W.A.C. Van de Ven, M. Van Weerd. Effect of different rearing strategies and age on levels of natural antibodies in saliva of Philippine crocodiles. Asian Herpetological Research: 4: 22-24, 2013.

Jia X., H. Zhou, D. Li, W. Liu, N. Yang. 2013. Copy number variations identified in the chicken using a 60K SNP BeadChip. Animal Genetics 44:276-84. DOI:10.1111/.

Kjærup, R.M., Skjødt K., Dalgaard T.S., and Juul-Madsen H.R. (2013). Chicken mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene variants with influence on MBL serum concentration. Immunogenetics 65; 461-471. DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0689-6.

Kumar S, Kunec D, Buza JJ, Chiang HI, Zhou H, Subramaniam S, Pendarvis K, Cheng HH, Burgess SC. 2012. Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo. BMC Syst Biol. 6:123. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-123.

Maughan, MN, Dougherty LS, Preskenis LA, Ladman BS, Gelb, J., Jr., Spackman, EV, Keeler CL, Jr. 2013. Transcriptional analysis of the innate immune response of ducks to different species-­of-­origin low pathogenic H7 avian influenza virus. Virology Journal 10:94

Miller, M.M., C.M. Robinson, J. Abernathy, R.M. Goto, M. Hamilton, H. Zhou, and M.E. Delany Mapping of genes for olfactory receptors, cysteine-rich-domain containing scavenger receptors and other proteins to GGA 16, the chicken MHC microchromosome. In review.

Norup L.R., Dalgaard T.S.,Pleidrup J., Permin A., Schou T.W., Jungersen G., Fink D.R., and Juul-Madsen H.R. (2013). Comparison of parasite-specific immunoglobulin levels in two chicken lines during sustained infection with Ascaridia galli. Vet Parasitology 191: 187 - 190. DOI.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.031.

Oven I, Resman K, Dušani? D, Ben?ina D, Keeler CL , Narat M. 2013. Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma†synoviae†mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses. Veterinary Research (in press)

Pleidrup J.A.,Norup L.R., Dalgaard T.S., Rothwell L., Kaiser P., Permin A., Schou T.W., Fink D.R., Jungersen G., Sorensen P., and Juul-Madsen H.R. (2013). No protection in chickens immunised by the oral or intra-muscular immunisation route with Ascaridia galli soluble antigen. Avian Pathol. 2013 Jun;42(3):276-82. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2013.783199

Robinson, C.M., H.H. Cheng, and M.E. Delany. Marek's disease herpesvirus and chicken host genome interactions: Viral genome integration occurs early in infection and over a timeframe associated with latency, yet integration alone is not sufficient for cellular transformation. In review.

Shaikh SA, Katneni UK, Dong H, Gaddamanugu S, Tavlarides-­Hontz P, Jarosinski KW, Osterrieder N, Parcells MS. 2013. A deletion in the glycoprotein L (gL) gene of U.S. Marek's disease virus (MDV) field strains is insufficient to conferincreased pathogenicity to the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-­based strain, RB-­1B. Avian Dis. 2013 :509-­18.

Shanmugasundaram, R., and R. K. Selvaraj. 2012. Effects of in vivo injection of anti-chicken CD25 monoclonal antibody on regulatory T cell depletion and CD4+CD25- T cell properties in chickens. Develop. Comp. Immunol. 36: 578-583.

Shanmugasundaram, R., and R. K. Selvaraj. 2012. In vivo lipopolysaccharide injection alters CD4+CD25+ cell properties in chickens. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 2498-2504.

St Paul M, Barjesteh N, Paolucci S, Pei Y, Sharif S. Toll-like receptor ligands induce the expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 in chicken CD4+ T cells. BMC Res Notes. 2012 Nov 1;5:616.

St Paul M, Brisbin JT, Abdul-Careem MF, Sharif S. Immunostimulatory properties of Toll-like receptor ligands in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013 Apr 15;152(3-4):191-9.

St Paul M, Paolucci S, Barjesteh N, Wood RD, Sharif S. Chicken erythrocytes respond to Toll-like receptor ligands by up-regulating cytokine transcripts. Res Vet Sci. 2013 Aug;95(1):87-91.

St Paul M, Paolucci S, Read LR, Sharif S. Characterization of responses elicited by Toll-like receptor agonists in cells of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Oct 15;149(3-4):237-44.

St Paul M, Paolucci S, Sharif S. Characterization of response initiated by different Toll-like receptor 2 ligands in chicken spleen cells. Res Vet Sci. 2013 Jul 30. doi:pii: S0034-5288(13)00224-5.

Sun Y.Y., E.D. Ellen, J.J. van der Poel, H.K. Parmentier, P. Bijma. Modelling of feather pecking behaviour in beak trimmed and non-beak trimmed crossbred laying hens: variance component and trait-based approach. Submitted to Poultry Science, May 2013

T. Berghof, H.K. Parmentier, A. Lammers. Transgenerational epigenetic effects on innate immunity in broilers, an underestimated field to be explored. In press, Poultry Science 2013

T.V.L. Berghof, H.T.L. Lai, A. Lammers, G. de Vries Reilingh, M.G.B. Nieuwland, A.J.A. Aarnink, H.K. Parmentier. Localization and (semi-) quantification of fluorescent beads of two sizes in chicken over time after simultaneous intratracheal and cloacal administration. Poultry Science 92: 1186-1194, 2013.

Wang Y, Brahmakshatriya V, Lupiani B, Reddy S, Okimoto R, Li X, Chiang H, Zhou H. 2012. Associations of chicken Mx1 polymorphism with antiviral responses in avian influenza virus infected embryos and broilers. Poult Sci. 91(12):3019-24. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02471.

Wideman, R. F., D. D. Rhoads, G. F. Erf, and N. B. Anthony. 2013. Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS, Ascites Syndrome) in Broilers: A Review. Poult. Sci. 92:64-83.

Y. Sun, E.D. Ellen, H.K. Parmentier, J.J. van der Poel. Genetic parameters of natural antibody isotypes and survival analysis in beak trimmed and non-beak trimmed crossbred laying hens. In press, Poultry Science 2013.

Y. Sun, F. Biscarini, H. Bovenhuis, H.K. Parmentier, J.J. van der Poel. Genetic parameters and across-line SNP associations differ for natural antibody isotypes IgM and IgG in laying hens. Animal Genetics: In press. DOI: 10.1111/age.12014.

Zhang, H. F. Guo, H. Zhou and G. Zhu. 2012. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Unique Metabolic Features in the Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts Associated with Environmental Survival and Stresses. BMC Genomics.2012, 13:647.

ABSTRACTS & PROCEEDINGS

A. L. Ballou, R. Qiu, R. A. Ali, W. J. Croom, and M. D. Koci. Direct fed microbial supplementation affects host immune function and energy consumption. May 2013. Experimental Biology 2013. Boston, MA.

Abernathy J, X. Li, X. Jia, C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, I. Pevzner, K. Drake, H. Zhou. 2013. A systems biology approach using Dynamic Bayesian Networks reveals bio-signatures of broiler chicken bursa response to Campylobacter jejuni inoculation. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA.

Barrios MA, Jordan BJ, and Beckstead RB. (2013) Sperm-mediated gene transfer in chicken using a dehydration/rehydration protocol. Southeastern Society for Developmental Biology Meeting.

Beckstead RB and Jordan BJ. (2012) New methods to produce transgenic chickens. 109th Annual Meeting of Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists

Bed'Hom B., Fulton J., Juul-Madsen H., and Chazara O. 2013. Large scale analysis of MHC variability in chicken using a dedicated SNP panel. 10th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium - IVIS 2013, Milan, italy

Byrne, K. A.*, D. Falcon*, O. Alaamri*, R. L Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2013. Autoimmune vitiligo in Smyth line chickens is preceded by altered blood leukocyte profiles and responses to bacterial cell wall components. Poult. Sci. (E-Suppl. 1) 92:54.

Dalgaard, TS, Norup, LR, Pleidrup, J, Kjærup, RM, Wattrang, E & Juul-Madsen, HR 2013, 'Evauluation of an Easy Flow-Cytometric Assay for Detection of Specific Cell Mediated Immunity in Activated Whole Blood or PBMC from Chickens: SSI13-1108' Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 294-294.

Demeure, O, Hamzic, E, Juin, H, Naciri, M, Juul-Madsen, HR, Okimoto, R, Pinard-van der Laan, MH & Bed'Hom, B 2013, 'Investigation of Immune Response to Eimeria maxima in Broilers: SSI13-1106' Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 276-276.

Dong, L.*, R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2012. Divergent gene-expression profiles in 4-TBP-injected growing feathers of vitiligo-prone Smyth- and control line of chickens. Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Fall Research Symposium, Scientific Session II. P 12.

Erf, G. F. 2012. Biomedical research opportunities in the chicken model. Arkansas Biosciences Institute. Fall Research Symposium, Fayetteville, AR, Scientific Session I. P 2.

Erf, G. F., L. Dong*, F. Shi*, and R.L Dienglewicz. Multifactorial, non-communicable diseases: new insights from the Smyth line chicken model for autoimmune vitiligo. Poult. Sci. (E-Suppl. 1) 92:54.

F.W. van Ginkel, R.S. Gurjar, N. Orr, and S.L. Gulley. Ocular infectious bronchitis virus vaccination induces different immune responses in the mucosal and systemic immune compartment. International Congress of Immunology, Milan Italy, August 22-27, 2013.

Gadde, U., T. Rathinam, G. F. Erf, and H. D. Chapman, 2013. Acquisition of immunity to the protozoan parasite E. adenoeides in turkey poults and cellular responses to infection. Poult. Sci. (E-Suppl. 1) 92:110.

Gallardo, R. Characterization of the immune response and immunosuppression in chickens challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus reassortants. AVMA American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP) annual meeting. Chicago, IL, July 2013.

Gregory D., M. Golding, and H. Zhou. 2013. Lentivirus-Mediated RNAi Knockdown of Chicken ATF3 and MYD88 genes in the HD-11 Cell Line. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA. H. Zhou, Y. Wang, S.J. Lamont, P. Ross. 2013. Re-annotation of Chicken Genome using RNA-seq Data. 102th Annual Poultry Science meeting, San Diego, CA

H. Zhou. Abernathy J, X. Li, X. Jia, C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, I. Pevzner, K. Drake. 2013. Systems biology analysis of the ceca and bursa revealed unique innate immune responses to Campylobacter jejuni in two genetically distinct lines of chickens has been selected for a poster presentation. American Association of Immunology Meeting, Honolulu, HI

Huff, S. and G. F. Erf. 2013. Autoimmune vitiligo in the Smyth line chicken model: altered immune cell profiles in spleens from hens without active vitiligo lesions. Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students. Nov 16, 2013.

J. Rojas-­Amortegui. 2013. Comparison of a BAC-­based Marek’s Disease Virus, Strain CVI988 that has reverted to virulence to its parental vaccine strain. 85th NECAD, Sept. 18, 2013.

J.E. Fulton, J. Arango, M. Koci, and C.M. Ashwell. Variation in the MX gene in commercial egg layer elite lines. September 2013. 8th European Symposium on Poultry Genetics. Venice, Italy.

Jordan BJ, Stark MR, Beckstead RB. (2012) Novel method of producing chimeric chicks using piggyBac and JetPEI, International Poultry Scientific Forum

Jordan BJ*, Stark MR, Stark MR, and Beckstead RB. (2012) Utilizing piggyBac in transgenic chick strategies. Annual Meeting of the Poultry Science Association

Juul-Madsen, HR, Norup, LR, Sørensen, P & Dalgaard, TS 2013, 'Ontogenic Development of Lymphocyte Subsets in Two Selected Chicken Lines that Differ in Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) Serum Concentration Under Conventional Rearing: SSI13-1030' Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 268-268.

Kjærup R. M., Dalgaard T.S., Norup L.R. Goti R.M., Miller M.M., and Juul-Madsen H.R. Effect of polymorphism in chicken mannose-binding lectin promoter on the transcription efficiency. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28 – 31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Kjærup R.M., Dalgaard T.S., Norup L.R., and Juul-Madsen H.R. Polymorphism in the chicken Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 gene. Annual Meeting in Danish Society of Immunology, 24th May Aarhus, Denmark.

Kjærup, RM, Dalgaard, TS, Norup, LR, Sørensen P & Juul-Madsen, HR 2013, ’Can Vaccines be improved in Chickens by Adding Mannose-Bonding Lectin (MBL) Ligands?: SSI13-1101’ Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 320-320.

Krishnamoorthy, S., A. Al-Rubaye, S. Dey, K. Al-Zahrani, G. F. Erf, R. F. Wideman, N.B. Anthony, and D. Rhoads. 2012. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the chicken: genetic similarities to humans. Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Fall Research Symposium, Scientific Session II. P 33.

Li J., Q. Li, R. Li, L. Li, Y. Wang, V. Brahmakshatriya, B. Lupiani, S. Reddy, X. Hu, S. Lamont, S. Hu, H. Zhou and N. Li. 2013. Single base resolution DNA methylome between avian influenza virus resistant and susceptible chickens. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA.

Miller M. M., C. Robinson, J. Abernathy, R. M. Goto, H. Zhou and M. E. Delany. 2013. FISH and Trisomy Mapping Locate Olfactory Receptor and CD163 Genes on GGA16. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA.

Milonczyk, A. and M. E. Berres (2012) Genetic modification of chickens to confer resistance to avian influenza. Introductory Biology 152 Undergraduate Research Symposium. University of Wisconsin – Madison

N. Siano, S. Nath Neerukonda, S. P. Golovan, M. S. Parcells. 2013. Pro-­tumorigenic reprogramming of energy metabolism by Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in T-­cell lymphomas. 85th NECAD, Sept. 18, 2013.

Norup, LR, Dalgaard, TS, Pleidrup, J, Schou, TW, Permin, A, Fink, DR, Jungersen, G & Juul-Madsen, HR 2013, 'Presence of Recently Activated B Lymphocytes in Chicken Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue after an Ascaridia galli Infection: SSI13-1110' Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 283-283.

Payne J. and Beckstead RB. (2013) MACS sorting as a means of isolating primordial germ cells from stage X embryos. Southeastern Society for Developmental Biology Meeting.

Pleidrup A. J., Norup L.R., Dalgaard T.S., Kaiser P., Permin A., Schou T.W., Jungersen G., Sørensen P., and Juul-Madsen H.R. The effect of A. galli infection on vaccine-induced immunity to NDV in chickens. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28 – 31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Pleidrup J., Norup L.R., Dalgaard T.S., and Juul-Madsen H.R. Chicken immune responses after immunisation with Ascaridia galli antigens and protectivity after challenge infection 2012. Annual Meeting in Danish Society of Immunology, 24th May Aarhus, Denmark

R. A. Gallardo, H. Zhou, P. Woolcock, F. J. Hoerr. 2013. Characterization of the Immune Response and Immunosuppression in Commercial Chickens Challenged with Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Reassortants. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Chicago, IL.

R. Gurjar, S.L. Gulley, and F.W, van Ginkel. 2012. T Cell Response to Ark-type IBV in White Leghorns. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 7, Auburn AL.

R.M. Johnson, S.L. Gulley, H. Toro, and F.W. van Ginkel. 2012. IBV Antibody and S1 Spike Protein Dominant B cell Epitopes Induced After Ocular Immunization with Ad4-S1. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 7, Auburn, AL.

R.S. Gurjar, S.L. Gulley, and F.W. van Ginkel. Induction of interferon gamma and cytotoxic responses by an Ark-type infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments. GSC Research Forum & Symposium, February 26-28, 2013, Auburn AL.

R.S. Gurjar, S.L. Gulley, and F.W. van Ginkel. Induction of interferon gamma and cytotoxic responses by an Ark-type infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments. Research week, April 2-4, 2013, Auburn AL.

Rhoads, D. D., S. Krishnamoorthy, A. Al-Rubaye S. Dey, K. Al-Zahrani, G. F. Erf, .R. F. Wideman, N. B. Anthony. 2013. Mapping ascites QTLs in broilers. Plant and Animal Genomics :W642

S. Nath Neerukonda, S. P. Golovan, and M. S. Parcells. 2013. Targeted transcriptome analysis of immune signatures in the chickens in†ovo† vaccinated with bivalent HVT/SB-­1. 85th NECAD, Sept. 18, 2013.

Sorrick, J.*, R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2013. Uveitis and blindness in Smyth line chickens with autoimmune vitiligo: immunopathology associated with melanocyte loss in the eye. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Res. 26:769.

Swaggerty, H.I. Chiang, H. Zhou M. H. Kogut. 2013. Concurrent analyses of host-pathogen transcriptomes in avian polymorphonuclear cells following exposure to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. American Association of Immunology Meeting, Honolulu, HI

T.H. Kim, H. Zhou. 2013. Chicken IRF7 over-expressed and knock-downed HD11 cell line establishment applying piggyBac transposon vector system. IX Transgenic Animal Research Conference, Tahoe, CA.

T.H. Kim, H. Zhou. 2013. Establish Overexpressed and Knock-down IRF7 Chicken HD11 Cell Line using PiggyBac Transposon System.102th Annual Poultry Science meeting, San Diego, CA

Taylor, R. L., Jr., T. A. Burks, P. B. Siegel, and C. M. Ashwell. 2012. Temporal and treatment changes in embryonic bursal gene expression after testosterone exposure in high and low antibody lines. Poult. Sci. 91(Suppl. 1):29

U. Katneni, M.S. Parcells. 2013. Development of a Targeted Array to Assess Chicken Innate Signaling and Immune Patterning in Response to Marek’s Disease Vaccination. 85th NECAD, Sept. 18, 2013.

Ulrich-Lynge S., Dalgaard T.S., Norup L.R., Olsen J.E., and Juul-Madsen H.R. The binding ability of purified chicken Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) to Salmonella enterica serotype B, C1, and D. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28 – 31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Ulrich-Lynge, SL, Dalgaard, TS, Norup, LR, Olsen, JE & Juul-Madsen, HR 2013, 'Colonization Resistance and Immunological Differences in Response to An Experimental Salmonella Infection between Two Chicken Lines Selectively Bred for High or Low Concentration of Mannonse-Binding Lectin: SSI13-1018' Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol 77, nr. 4, s. 274-274.

W. Peters, H.M. Dong, P. Kumar, V. Arumugaswami, P. Tavlarides-­Hontz, M. S. Parcells. 2013. The Effect of Mutations in the Meq Oncoprotein of Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) on Lymphoma Composition. 85th NECAD, Sept. 18, 2013.

Wang Y, J. Li, Q. Li, R. Li, X. Hu, N. Li, S. Hu, B. Lupiani, S. Reddy, S. Lamont, H. Zhou. 2013. Effects of Avian Influenza Virus infection on the Transcriptome and the DNA Methylome in Two Genetically Distinct Chicken Lines using Next Generation Sequencing. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, San Diego, CA.

Wang, Y., Li, J., Li, Q., Hu, X., Li, N. Hu, S., Brahmakshatriy, V., Lupiani, B., Reddy, S., Lamont, S.J., and Zhou, H. 2013. Effects of avian influenza virus infection on the transcriptome and the DNA methylome in two genetically distinct chicken lines using next generation sequencing. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, January 2013, San Diego, CA

Wang, Y., Lupiani, B., Reddy, S., Wang, H., Chen, R., Lamont, S.J., and Zhou, H. 2013. Lung transcriptome following avian influenza virus infection in two genetically distinct chicken inbred lines using RNA-seq. Epigenetics Conference, June 2013, Japan

Wattrang E., Kjærup R. M., Norup L.R., Juul-Madsen H.R., and Dalgaard T.S. (2013). Degranulation of chicken cytotoxic T-cells during infectious bronchitis virus infection, 10th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium - IVIS, Milan, Italy

Wattrang E., Norup L.R., Juul-Madsen H.R. Dalgaard T.S., Preliminary characterisation of CD107a and CD57 as potential activation markers of chicken cytotoxic T-cells. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28 – 31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Y.O. Fasina, S.L. Gulley, and F.W. van Ginkel. 2012. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Proliferative Responses of Chicken Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Following Concanavalin A Stimulation. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 7, Auburn AL.

Zavelo. A.E., Schmidt, C.J., Rothschild, M.F., Persia, M.E., Lamont, S.J., and Ashwell, C.M. 2013. Major histocompatibility complex diversity in local Ugandan birds. Proc. Poultry Sci. Ann. Mtg. San Diego, CA

Zhou, H.J., Wang, Y., Lamont, S.J., and Ross, P. 2013. Re-annotation of chicken genome using RNA-seq data. Proc. Poultry Sci. Ann. Mtg. San Diego, CA