Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Day 1: The meeting was hosted by Anowar Islam from the University of Wyoming and was held at the Hilton Garden Inn & University of Wyoming Conference Center, Laramie, Wyoming. This was the sixth year the meeting was held in conjunction with the Pacific Northwest Forage Workers Group annual meeting. This was the first time that the meeting was held at the University of Wyoming. These joint meetings save on travel expenses and lead to better collaboration among those involved in forage research and extension. At the beginning of the meeting, Anowar Islam gave an introduction, welcome, and overview for the two days programs. Dr. Donna Brown, Associate Dean and Director, Academic and Student Programs, Interim Head, Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming gave opening remarks. She discussed about the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources programs and overall student enrolment and study programs. She mentioned that there is steady increase in student enrolment in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Dr. Bret Hess, Associate Dean and Director, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming discussed about Agricultural Experiment Station: Multistate Research Programs and Funding Opportunities. He also discussed about the four research stations across the state and their importance in relation to research and extension. Dr. Glen Whipple, Associate Dean and Director, University of Wyoming Extension gave an overview of the UW Extension and discussed how this works. He highlighted the importance of forage and mentioned that Wyoming is a state of forage and animal production. He finally appreciated highly having this important meeting in Wyoming. David Hannaway presented report of Oregon and discussed forage and seed production studies both locally, nationally, and internationally. He highlighted the importance of international collaboration and indicated that several collaborative publications are underway to get published. Mylen Bohle discussed fertility and nutritional studies in Oregon. Earl Creech reported forage studies, weed management studies, and grazing studies in grass-legume mixtures. Glenn Shewmaker presented report on Idaho forage studies. Andrew Kniss, Weed Scientist of the University of Wyoming, presented a research report on Herbicide Options for Postemergence Weed Control in Sainfoin. He reported that sainfoin is not tolerant to Roundup as always thought and summarized that no herbicides are currently registered for POST broadleaf control; Raptor (imazamox) and Pursuit (imazethapyr) show promise; BASF is potentially interested in adding sainfoin to at least 1 label. David Aiken, Professor, Water & Agricultural Law Specialist, University of Nebraska-Lincoln presented at very interesting talk via Skype Climate Change & Irrigation Water Rights. He mentioned that irrigator should be able to make any changes he wants given a reduced water supply - state does not really care about how you irrigate; major impact will be if the irrigator wants to sell the right to non-irrigator for non-irrigation use. Joe Brummer presented report for Colorado on Forage Systems for Beef Cattle Operations in Eastern Colorado. Jennifer MacAdam presented Utah report on Legume Pasture-Based Livestock Production. Robin Groose, Plant Breeder of the University of Wyoming, presented a research report on UW Forage Legume Breeding: Winterhardy Peas. He concluded that the best lines, especially Wyo#11 and Wyo#13and the mix of the twoare well-adapted to Wyoming and yield well under different conditions. Wyo#11 (proposed as Archer) is currently under seed increase for varietal release as per the recommendation of the Wyoming Crop Improvement Association. Wyo #13 (proposed as Arrow) is also under purification and seed increase. Peter Ballerstedt, Forage Product Manager, Barenbrug USA, Oregon discussed in his presentation The Role of Animal Products, in Particular from Ruminants, in the Human Diet. Obesity rates for adults could reach or exceed 44 percent in every state and exceed 60 percent in 13 states by 2030 in the US. Existing data shows that animal products will be part of the solution; more research needs to be done. Jay Norton, Soil Fertility Specialist of the University of Wyoming presented results of a long-term study Irrigated Forage Production Under Conventional, Reduce Till, and Organic Practices. He concluded that converting from monocrop to perennial forage in rotation had positive impacts on soil quality that occurred rapidly; reducing tillage at establishment of alfalfa-grass mixture impacted allocation to roots and subsequent microbial activity and soil organic matter accrual; and organic, minimum till hay-grain rotations could be profitable soil-building option for integrated livestock operations in Wyoming and the Northern Great Plains. Wilson Gray updated his preliminary economic analyses on the birdsfoot trefoil USU Project. Milk production and birdsfoot data used were preliminary however, results look promising, he indicated. Christi Falen presented Idaho Forage Research & Extension Report. She highlighted Management intensive grazing demonstration trial; Dual purpose cover crops for forage and green manure; and Warm season annual forages. While Chad Cheyney reported in depth about Lost Rivers Grazing Academy. Day 2: A tour was held in the second day at the University of Wyoming James C. Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SAREC), Lingle. Introductions, welcome, and overview of SAREC were given in the morning by Jim Freeburn, Bob Baumgartner, Steve Paisley, and Kelly Greenwald. Steve Paisley, Extension Beef Cattle Specialist, UW SAREC, gave a seminar on Relationships between Feed Quality, Performance, and Feed Efficiency. In his presentation, he highlighted annual and perennial grass-feed beef cattle production and the importance of legumes in the pasture systems. Caleb Carter, University of Wyoming Extension Educator, presented an in depth study Effects of Irrigation on Alfalfa: Production, Quality, and Economics. He highlighted irrigation systems and methods, water use efficiency, alfalfa forage quality, and finally the economic advantages and disadvantages of the irrigation systems. In the afternoon, an extensive tour was organized. Steve Paisley shown and discussed about SAREC Feedlot Facilities and Grow Safe; Bob Baumgartner, Farm Manager, shown and discussed about Irrigated and Dryland Forage Production and Utilization systems and farm machineries; Bill Stump, Plant Pathologist, demonstrated and discussed about Plant Pathology Research at SAREC; and finally Dhruba Dhakal, PhD Student, and Anowar Islam demonstrated and discussed Forage Research at SAREC. Alfalfa including roundup ready, cool-season grasses, and grass-legume mixture studies were highlighted during the tour. State and Provincial Reports and Meetings continued after the tour. Anowar Islam presented and provided updated information on completed and ongoing forage research in Wyoming. Forage and seed production and forage germplasm evaluation were featured in his presentation. Glenn Shewmaker led a discussion on an Initiative to Support Western Forage Research, Extension, and Education. Finally, Glenn Shewmaker in support with others thanked Anowar Islam for organizing such a successful meeting and decided to have Anowar Islam organize the meeting in 2014 again in western Wyoming in conjunction with AMPIC and UW Extension agents. The Day 2 ended with a BBQ at SAREC by Kelly Greenwald and Anowar Islam.

Utah Jennifer MacAdam reported - There are two new Cooperative Extension publications from Utah State University summarizing the results of a four-year-long birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) variety trial. In a three-harvest system that included two alfalfa check varieties, the yield of BFT was about 2/3rds that of alfalfa. However, yields of BFT in this trial were two to three times higher than in BFT variety trials from other states (e.g., Minnesota). Birdsfoot trefoil was harvested every six weeks in this trial, and there was a linear increase in dry matter in the spring and in the autumn, but only a four-week-long increase in dry matter in mid-summer, suggesting the summer harvest period should be shortened from six to four weeks. Data for forage nutritive value demonstrated that while NDF digestibility was higher for alfalfa than BFT, the non-fibrous carbohydrate concentration of BFT was higher than that of alfalfa. Data in the literature support the conclusion that this contributes to higher intake and productivity of ruminants on BFT than on alfalfa. Sensory panel data were presented that compared ribeye steaks from BFT-finished steers with purchased ribeye steaks from grass-finished and grain-finished cattle. These data showed that BFT-finished steaks were liked as well by consumers as grain-finished steaks, and both were preferred to grass-finished steaks. Carcass data for cattle finished on concentrate, grass pasture and BFT pasture showed higher dressing percentages for BFT (62%) than for concentrate- or grass-finished steers (58%); a predominance of cattle finished choice on all three diets. Data comparing intake and milk production on grass and BFT pasture showed higher intake and milk production on BFT, and data for cheese from TMR-, grass- and BFT-fed cattle showed higher omega-3 fatty acids on grass than on TMR, and on BFT than on grass. Earl Creech and coworkers from Utah conducted grazing trials on tall fescue and tall fescue-BFT mixtures and found superior daily gain in tall fescue-BFT mixtures. Oregon Mylen Bohle reported - Organic alfalfa fertility trial (2012-2015) - looking at 2, 3, and 4 tons of chicken manure and 2 and 4 tons/acre slightly composted dairy manure as base fertility applications. These rates are being tested with and without fertility enhancing products. Potassium Rate and Source of Potassium Effect on 2- and 3-cut Orchardgrass Hay  More fields are becoming low in potassium and the cost/benefit of applying either muriate of potash and dairy cow manure needs to be documented biologically and economically. The Central Oregon Hay Growers Association has made the project number one research project and will provide partial funding support. Nitrogen Rate Effect on Nutrient Concentration and Uptake of 3-cut Orchardgrass  Effect on nitrogen rate on yield and quality will be tested by running test on stored samples for nutrient concentration and uptake. Rescanning of data will be made to determine nitrogen rate effect on sugars and carbohydrates. The Central Oregon Hay Growers Association has made the project a priority research project and will provide partial funding support through their membership dues. Mylen Bohle works closely with Oregon Hay and Forage Association and Central Oregon Hay Growers Association. The OSU Forage and Livestock Research Endowment Fund which has about $65,000 collected from the $1,000,000 goal. David Hannaway reported many recent activities. Some of these include Organized OSU CAS Administrators Trip to China (12 administrators and senior faculty visiting China to strengthen collaborative research and education programs); Planned Student Summer Study Program (21 Chinese students and faculty from Nanjing Agricultural University); Received Fulbright Distinguished Chair Award; and Arranged Thailand Research and Teaching Activities. Because of the collaborative efforts, two publications in Agronomy Journal are underway (one accepted and one under review). Extension publication and workshop include Beef Cattle Handbook fact sheets on alfalfa and Pasture Management Workshops. Idaho Christi Falen reported - Management intensive Grazing (MiG) Demonstration Trial  we received grant funding to purchase portable fencing supplies. I worked cooperatively with Chad Cheyney, Wilson Gray and two interns to implement and conduct this trial. We showed the producer and his two assistants how to fix the existing perimeter electrical fencing system, setup and movement of the portable fencing/watering system, how to measure available forage and allocate it daily for cattle. We collected pasture forage data before each grazing using a rising plate meter and grazing stick. Pasture residual after grazing was also measured. By demonstrating MiG techniques to the producer we were successful in getting him to adopt this practice. The producer was able to see, with his own cattle and irrigated pasture, the gain achieved in a month with MiG in comparison to his other cattle that had been on irrigated pasture using set stocking. He also saw and realized the importance of leaving behind residuals in the pasture to increase forage production and stand longevity. When we asked for our supplies back in the fall, the producer wanted to purchase them and keep going with MiG next year. We were also able to educate and increase the rate of MiG adoption through a hands-on grazing field day at the trial for 15 other producers. They learned about MiG benefits for cattle, pasture, soils and profitability. Additionally, one intern was from a cattle operation in southeastern Idaho and he has already shared the information with another Extension Educator and ranching families from this area. The other intern is planning to teach 4-H youth and farm/ranch families about MiG over spring break. The MiG trial results will be shared at a livestock workshop for Magic Valley cattlemen in December of 2013. Dual-Purpose Cover Crops: Forage and Green Manure  we received a WSARE grant for cover crop research. Lauren Hunter and I have been working on cover crop field trials with producers the last two years. We have another year to complete the project. Glenn Shewmaker and Amber Moore are collaborating with us. This is being done in tandem with Ambers creation of an Idaho cover crop online calculator and nitrogen incubation study to answer producer questions regarding the use of cover crops. Since the cost of the cover crop seed can be expensive, we are evaluating production of a forage that can be grazed, leaving a residual for re-growth, and then incorporating the re-growth as a green manure. If the forage production/grazing will cover the cost of the seed, planting and irrigation, that would make the green manure free. With the shortage of low cost feed alternatives for livestock producers, this could be a win-win for both the livestock and crop producers. As a result of conducting this research, I was able to recommend using Arvika peas with their oats to two livestock producers. They both implemented this idea and planted multiple pivots with this mix this year, saving thousands of dollars on their feeding costs by producing a higher quality feed without having to pay high hay costs. This research also influenced the species composition and seeding rates we used for the cover crop and forage blends used on nine other farms/ranches. A cover crop field day (20 participants) and training for eight UI college students was conducted. All eight of the students said they were more educated and willing to implement what they learned after the training. In 2013-14, a proceedings article of the results so far are being presented at the Western Alfalfa and Forage Symposium, American Forage and Grassland Conference, Nutrient Management Conference and five winter cereal schools. Cover Crop Demonstration for the Magic Valley  Forage and Green Manure - In August of 2013 we received a Conservation Innovation Grant, partnering with the Twin Falls and Balanced Rock Soil Conservation Districts, to do demonstration trials on producer farms with cover crops across the Magic Valley. A team of Extension Educators  Steve Hines, Lauren Hunter, Joel Packham, Billy Whitehurst and I, are working with Cindy Snyder. We have a cover crop blend or forage blend planted on nine different farms. On one site we are monitoring the soil compaction and soil fertility changes from grazing cattle this fall on the cover crops. Other producers are grazing cattle or sheep this fall, and then we will evaluate the remaining forage next spring for green manure value. Pictures, video, yield and forage quality were collected this fall. This project will continue next year. A cover crop field day highlighting one of these sites and a WSARE site was conducted in October with 20 people learning more about cover crops. YouTube videos of the results will be completed at the end to increase the audience that can benefit from the results. Sorghum Sudangrass Evaluation - Glenn Shewmaker and I have been evaluating warm season annual forages for livestock feed. This year we are monitoring prussic acid and nitrate concentrations along with forage quality during the growing season with multiple harvests. We know the sudangrass can be grazed in the fall, but want to determine if it can be safely grazed during the summer without harmful effects on livestock. Since cool season pastures dont grow well during the heat of the summer, we need to find alternatives to meet the forage requirements for livestock during that time. Unconventional Forages for Livestock - Two articles were written for Progressive Cattlemen and Progressive Forage Grower, reaching a national audience, from previous collaborative research related to unconventional annual forages/extending the grazing season. Chad Cheyney reported - Lost River Grazing Academy, the Lost River Grazing Academy is a 4-day hands-on workshop for operators and agency personnel who would like to learn more about Management-intensive Grazing (MiG). The program is held on the Eagle Valley Ranch near Salmon, ID, where all of the staff are alumni of the program, including the owner, and where they have implemented the principles of MiG. The program is taught by University of Idaho Extension educators and specialists and features Mr. Jim Gerrish, formerly of the University of Missouri Forage Research Center, and now a private grazing advisor who is recognize around the world as an authority. Participants work with a mixture of classroom and field experiences individually and in small teams. One of the features of the program is that each team is given a small herd of cattle to manage for the school and receive grazing assignments each day. The following day the pastures are evaluated and graded. Classes are limited to 20-25. In the fall of 2013, we completed a class of 22. More than 200 ranchers and agency personnel have received training at the Lost River Grazing Academy since it was begun in the middle 1990s. This includes people from all of the west states, Canada, Mexico and South America, as well as operators from some eastern states as well. The program has been recognized as an outstanding program by the University of Idaho Extension, as well as receiving the National Association of County Agricultural Agents, National Award for Excellence in Livestock Production, and has been present at the annual meeting of the International Association of Farm Managers. In 2014, we expect to have an advanced program in the spring of 2014, travel to Utah to do an Academy in central Utah, and hold the regular Lost River Grazing Academy in Salmon in September 2014. Since so much material is covered, participants sometime return to take the program again. During the introductions on the first day, the spouse of a returning rancher said, I want to thank you. You all have changed our lives. I used to worry about my husband, because he was out every night by himself baling hay. Now he is home every evening. He used to worry that the rain would hurt the hay. Now he smiles when it rains. Colorado Joe Brummer reported on forage systems for beef cattle operations project looking at extending the grazing season. A number of promising species to extend the grazing season included cool-season annual grasses, warm-season annual grasses, and broadleaf annual species along with forage cocktails (complex mixtures) and stockpiling. Preliminary results showed high yields and good quality forages. Wyoming Anowar Islam reported that a few forage studies have recently been completed in Wyoming and a few publications came out from these studies. These include: Assessment of fenugreek for adaptation to South East Wyoming; Forage yield and seed yield potential of novel tall fescue under irrigated conditions in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming; Establishment and persistence of some important forage legumes in the Central West Region; Forage and grain yield potential of small grains in the Great Plains of Wyoming; and Developing winterhardy peas for Wyoming. A number of ongoing and new studies initiated recently include cool-season grass response to irrigation, drought, and planting time; Agronomic traits in tall fescue genotypes; Sustaining legumes in grasslands to reduce nitrogen fertilization: A multi-regional assessment; and Performance trials of newly released or about to release cultivars/lines of alfalfa. Work is continuing to release two new pea varieties that have good winterhardiness and high yield potential for Wyomings harsh environment. These new releases may have potentials to grow in neighboring states.

Shewmaker et al. Publications, 2012-2013 Refereed/Adjudicated: Casler, M.D., Y.A. Papad-opolous, S. Bittman, R.D. Mathison, D.H. Min, J.G. Robins, J.H. Cherney, S.N. Acharya, D.P. Belesky, S.R. Bowley, B.E. Coulman, R. Drapeau, N.J. Ehlke, M.H. Hall, R.H. Leep, R. Michaud, J. Rowsell, G.E. Shewmaker, C.D. Teutsch, and W.K. Coblentz. 2013. Sparse-flowering orchardgrass is stable across temperate North America. Crop Science 53:5:1870-1877. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0055 Extension Publications (peer reviewed and adjudicated): Shewmaker, Glenn, John Hall, and Sarah Baker. 2013. Getting the most feed nutrient for the dollar. CIS 1201, University of Idaho Extension. http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/pdf/CIS/CIS1201.pdf MacAdam, Jennifer, J. Brummer, A. Islam, and G. Shewmaker. 2013. The Benefits of Tannin-Containing Forages. AG/Forages/2013-03, Utah State University, Plants, Soils, and Climate Dept. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/AG_Forages_2013-03pr.pdf Foster, Steve, Brad Schultz, Gary McCuin, Howard Neibling, and Glenn Shewmaker. 2013. Soil Properties, Part 1 of 3: Physical Characteristics. Fact Sheet-13-02, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Reno. Proceedings (peer reviewed): Shewmaker, G.E., and L.K. Hooper, 2013. Sward structure effects on light interception in rotationally-grazed orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). In (eds.) USB drive, Proceedings 22nd Int. Grassland Congress, 15-19 September 2013, Sydney, Australia. Shewmaker, G.E. 2013. Preventing hay fires. p. 32-41 In Proceedings 2013 Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 28 February to 1 March 2013, Burley, Idaho, University of Idaho Extension. Shewmaker, G.E. Greg Blaser, and R. Roemer. 2013. Alfalfa variety trials 2012. p. 9-14 In Proceedings 2013 Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 28 February to 1 March 2013, Burley, Idaho, University of Idaho Extension. Brummer, J., G.E. Shewmaker, and C. Engel. 2012. Challenges and benefits of interseeding legumes into grass dominated stands. P. 237-243 In Proceedings 5th National Conference on Grazing Lands, 9-12 December 2012, Orlando, FL, On CD and http://glci.org/. Shewmaker, G.E. and L.K. Hooper. 2012. Optimizing light interception by rotationally-grazed pasture canopies. P 346-349 In Proceedings 5th National Conference on Grazing Lands, 9-12 December 2012, Orlando, FL, On CD and http://glci.org/. Abstracts and Short Papers or Posters: Shewmaker, G.E. and L. Hooper. 2013. Inter-seeding Legumes into Grass Dominated Pastures, Abstract #25 Society for Range Management, 2-8 February, 2013 Oklahoma City, OK. Islam et al. Publications, 2012-2013 Journal articles: Islam, M.A., Obour, A.K., Saha, M.C., Nachtman, J.J., Cecil, W.K., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2013. Grain yield, forage yield, and nutritive value of dual-purpose small grains in the Central High Plains of the USA. Crop Management doi: 10.1094/CM-2012-0154-RS. Tracy, B., Albrecht, K., Flores, J., Hall, M., Islam, M.A., Jones, G., Lamp, W., MacAdam, J., Skinner, H., and Teutsch, C. 2013. Forage yield, weed suppression and fertilizer nitrogen replacement value (FNRV) of alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures. Grassland Science in Europe. 18:192-194. Islam, M.A., Obour, A.K., Krall, J.M., Cecil, J.T., and Nachtman, J.J. 2013. Performance of turfgrass under supplemental irrigation and rain-fed conditions in the Central Great Plains of USA. Grassland Science, 59, 111-119. Islam, M.A., Obour, A.K., Saha, M.C., Nachtman, J.J., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2013. Small grains have forage production potential and nutritive value in Central High Plains of Wyoming. Online. Forage and Grazinglands doi:10.1094/FG-2013-0121-02-RS. Kimura, E. and Islam, M.A. 2012. Seed scarification methods and their use in forage legumes. Research Journal of Seed Science, 5, 38-50. Book Chapter (Refereed): Islam, M.A. and Obour, A.K. 2013. Drought physiology of forage crops. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 3rd Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.), CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida. (In press). Reviewed Proceedings: Islam, M.A., and Saha, M.C. 2013. Agronomic traits in tall fescue populations under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Proceedings of the 22nd International Grassland Congress, September 15-19, 2013. Sydney, NSW, Australia (International Grassland Congress). Islam, M.A., Krall, J.M., Cecil, W.K., Nachtman, J.J., Baumgartner, R.E., Bandara, M., and Acharya, S. 2012. Fenugreek: A potential legume for multipurpose use. Proceedings of the 6th International Crop Science Congress, August 6-10, 2012. Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil (International Crop Science Congress). Islam, M.A., Groose, R., Norton, U., Garcia y Garcia, A., Santra, D., Sivanpillai, R., Ritten, J., Norton, J., Paisley, S., and Krall, J. 2012. Legume Adoption Practices in the Central Great Plains of the United States: Economic and Environmental Benefits in Face of Climate Change. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Climate Change, July 12-13, 2012. University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Common Ground Publishing, USA). Popular articles (refereed): Islam, M.A., Obour, A., Nachtman, J., and Baumgartner, R. 2013. Scientists study turfgrass performance under supplemental irrigation and rain-fed conditions. Reflections, pp. 19-22. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/reflections/reflections-2013-web.pdf (verified 1 September, 2013). Dhakal, D. and Islam, M.A. 2013. Legume grass mixtures reduce nitrogen requirements and production costs. Reflections, pp. 30-33. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/reflections/reflections-2013-web.pdf (verified 1 September, 2013). Islam, M.A. 2013. Research gleans best turf grass options for Central Great Plains. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), March 2013. Islam, M.A. 2013. Cool-season tall fescue has potential for forage and seed yield production. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), March 2013, p. 9. Islam, M.A. 2012. Select small grains could provide forage, grain combo in Wyoming. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), November 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. How to resolve autotoxicity issues in alfalfa stands. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), July 2012. Islam, M.A. and Killen, M. 2012. Sainfoin: A potential forage legume in the West. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), March 2012. Islam, M.A. and Violett, R.D. 2012. Study yields seed production potential for different tall fescue lines in Big Horn Basin. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state), March 2012. Islam, M.A. Baumgartner, R.E., and Nachtman, J.J. 2012. UW researchers study forage, grain yield potential of wheat, rye, triticale. Reflections, pp. 33-35. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/reflections/2012/reflections-2012-web.pdf (verified 12 November, 2012). Abstracts: Islam, M.A., Saha, M.C., and Wehmeyer, B.A. 2013. Drought stress affects agronomic performance of tall fescue genotypes. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 3-6 2013. Tampa, FL (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America). Dhakal, D. and Islam, M.A. 2013. Grass-legume mixtures to mitigate nitrogen need and improve soil properties in the Great Plains of Wyoming. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 3-6 2013. Tampa, FL (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America). Carter, C., Garcia y Garcia, A., Islam, M.A., and Hansen, K. 2013. Effect of deficit irrigation on water use and water use efficiency of alfalfa. Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual Meetings July 21-24 2013. Kansas city, MO. Islam, M.A., Krall, J.M., Nachtman, J.J., Baumgartner, R.E., Bandara, M., and Acharya, S.N. 2013. Fenugreek may have potential for multipurpose use. Proceedings of the Western Society of Crop Science Annual Meetings June 11-12 2013. Pendleton, OR (Western Society of Crop Science). Islam, M.A. and Wehmeyer, B.A. 2013. Biofuel and forage potential of cool-season grass genotypes. Proceedings of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science-US Alumni Association 3rd Multidisciplinary Science Forum International Annual Meetings 1 February 2013. Chapman University, Orange, CA (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science). Islam, M.A., and Violett, R. 2012. Effect of Nitrogen and Clipping on Forage and Seed Yield of Tall Fescue. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings October 21-24 2012. Cincinnati, OH (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America). Kimura, E. Krall, J.M., Hess, B.W., and Islam, M.A. 2012. Establishing Forage Legumes with Companion Crop. Proceedings of the W-SCS Annual Meetings July 11-13 2012. Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Western Society of Crop Science). Extension publications: Islam, M.A. 2013. A Guide for Successful Forage Establishment. University of Wyoming Extension Bulletin B-1248, Ed. S.L. Miller, pp.1-8, August 2013. University of Wyoming, Laramie. Available at: http://www.wyomingextension.org/publications/Search_Details.asp?pubid=1834 (verified September 10, 2013) Islam, M.A. 2013. Mixtures of grass-legume may benefit producers in Wyoming. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 18, September 7, 2013. Wehmeyer, B.A., Saha, M.C., and Islam, M.A. 2013. Forage and Biomass Potential and Their Genetics of Tall Fescue Genotypes. 2013 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 27-28. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2013-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified September 2, 2013). Jolivet, M.T., Waldron, B.L., Stahl, P.D., and Islam, M.A. 2013. Forage Kochia May Have Potential for Both Forage and Reclamation. 2013 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 23-24. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2013-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified September 2, 2013). Dhakal, D. and Islam, M.A. 2013. Benefits from GrassLegume Mixtures in Forage-Production Systems. 2013 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 25-26. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2013-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified September 2, 2013). Islam, M.A. 2012. Birdsfoot Trefoil: A Bloat-free Forage Legume. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 27, November 10, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Benefits from and Principles for Composing Grass-legume Mixture. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 21, September 29, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Genetics, Variety Development, and Species Selection. Factsheet, Pasture Management Professional Development Workshop, University of Idaho Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension, and Education Center, North of Salmon, Idaho, August 21-23, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Grass-Legume Mixture Has Multiple Advantages in Forage Production Systems. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 13, August 4, 2012. Islam, M.A., and Kimura, E. 2012. Forage Legumes Establishment through Seed Scarification and Companion Crop. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 31-32. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Wehmeyer, B.A., Saha, M.C., and Islam, M.A. 2012. Forage and Biofuel Potential of Tall Fescue Germplasms. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 33-34. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Jolivet, M.T., Waldron, B.L., Stahl, P.D., and Islam, M.A. 2012. Forage Kochia on Wyoming Rangelands. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 35-36. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Krall, J.M., Cecil, W.K., Nachtman, J.J., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2012. Assessment of Fenugreek for Adaptation to Southeast Wyoming. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 57-58. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Dhakal, D., and Islam, M.A. 2012. GrassLegume Mixtures to Minimize Nitrogen Need and Improve Soil Properties. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 59-60. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., and Kniss, A.R. 2012. Tolerance of Tall Fescue to Aminocyclopyrachlor at Two Application Timings and Two Sowing Dates. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 61-62. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Saha, M.C., Baumgartner, R.E., Nachtman, J.J., and Cecil, W.K. 2012. Forage and Grain Yield Potential of Small Grains in the Great Plains of Wyoming. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 63-64. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Cecil, W.K., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2012. Sustaining Legumes in Grasslands to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilization: A Multi-Regional Assessment. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 65-66. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Saha, M.C., Cecil, W.K., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2012. Cool-Season Grass Response to Irrigation, Drought, and Planting Time. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 67-68. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Cecil, W.K., Krall, J.M., Nachtman, J.J., and Baumgartner, R.E. 2012. Turf Grass Variety Trials. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 71-72. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., Violett, R., and Killen, M.J. 2012. Forage Yield and Seed Yield Potential of Novel Tall Fescue Under Irrigated Conditions in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 139-140. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Carter, C., Garcia y Garcia, A., Islam, M.A. 2012. Effect of Water Stress on Alfalfa Establishment. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 141-142. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Islam, M.A., and Killen, M.J. 2012. Effect of Phosphorus on Established and Newly Established Sainfoin. 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 171-172. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2012-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified November 14, 2012). Carter, C., Garcia y Garcia, A., Islam, M.A., and Hansen, K. 2012. Making the Switch: Surface vs. Sprinkler Irrigation. Whats Right for You? Factsheet, Wyoming Forage Field Day, Mile High Ranch, Riverton, June 28, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Interseeding and Reseeding in Hay and Pasture and No-till Pasture Renovation. Factsheet, Wyoming Forage Field Day, Mile High Ranch, Riverton, June 28, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Successful Forage Establishment: Some Key Factors to Consider. Factsheet, Wyoming Forage Field Day, Mile High Ranch, Riverton, June 28, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Calibration of Planter. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 23, June 9, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Harvest and Storage Affect Forage Quality. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 16, April 21, 2012. Islam, M.A. 2012. Companion Crop and Seed Scarification Enhance Forage Legumes Establishment. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyomings Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 24, No. 8, February 25, 2012.