SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

John Baker (AA), Michigan State University; Chris Chase*, South Dakota State University; Carol Chitko-McKown, USDA MARC; Chuck Czuprynski*, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jose Rivera, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Ismail Boukahil, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Danielle Doyle, University of Georgia; Laurel Gershwin*, University of California, Davis; Dan Grooms*, Michigan State University; Dale Grotelueschen, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Tom Inzana*, Virginia Tech; Terry Lehenbauer, University of California, Davis; Christine Navarre*, Louisiana State University; Maria Prado, University of Tennessee; John Richeson, West Texas A&M University; Brian Vander Ley*, University of Missouri;Brad White, Kansas State University; Amelia Woolums*, University of Georgia. *voting member from their station

Meeting date and time: Wednesday September 18, 2013; 8 AM  5 PM Location: Mitchell Room of the Hilton Milwaukee City Center, Milwaukee WI Wednesday September 18, 2013 Meeting Agenda: 8:00 AM: Registration 8:30 AM: Welcome 8:40 AM  10 AM: Station reports 10 AM  10:15 AM: Break 10:15 AM  12:00 PM: Station reports 12  1 PM: Lunch (provided at meeting) 1-1:30 PM: Update from NC1192 Advisor John Baker 1:30  2:00 PM: Update from the BRD CAP (Laurel Gershwin and Terry Lehenbauer) 2:00  3:30 PM: Station reports 3:30  3:45 PM: Break 3:45  5:00 PM: Business meeting. All attendees are welcome and invited to attend. For discussion: Update on BRD Symposium 2014 planning, BRD Symposium fundraising, officer election 5:00 PM: Adjourn Minutes of the business meeting: Update was given on planning for the BRD Symposium 2014. Symposium will be held on July 30 and 31, 2014, in Denver CO at the Renaissance Denver Hotel, in conjunction with the Summer Academy of Veterinary Consultants meeting. The AVC and AABP have been very supportive; Linda Hofner of Frosch Travel (formerly Cottonwood Travel) in Greely CO, which plans AVC meetings, is assisting with meeting planning. Speakers have all confirmed; list of speakers and agenda can be found at the website: www.brdsymposium.org. Work to secure sponsorship has begun; companies who have not yet been contacted but who might be willing to sponsor were discussed, and various members offered to contact different companies. Chris Chase is chair of Symposium and Amelia Woolums is secretary, with help of Amy Young (UC Davis) and Alison Van Eenennaam they sending letters and invoices to sponsors. Amelia and Amy will keep track of potential sponsors contacted and outcome of contact. NC1192 committee meeting for 2014 will be held in conjunction with the BRD Symposium; plan will be to have a one-half to one day meeting after the Symposium to allow discussion of how the Symposium went, and brief period of discussion of other committee business. Discussion re NC1192 officers: Chris Chase has been committee chair and Amelia Woolums has been secretary for a few years in a row. This has been mostly because committee membership was quite small for a few years and others participating had too many other commitments to serve. However, committee membership has increased and so now it seems the committee can go back the system used in the past, wherein a new secretary is elected at the annual meeting who will begin serving after the annual report is submitted, and the previous secretary rotates into the chair position after submitting the annual report. The chair will continue to be responsible for organizing the annual meeting, and the secretary will be responsible for collecting and collating the annual reports from each station, and for submitting the annual report on NIMSS. For 2014, Brian Vander Ley, University of Missouri, will be the new secretary of NC1192 and Amelia Woolums will become the chair. Minutes submitted by Amelia Woolums

Accomplishments

CA obtained funding to perform a Risk assessment, welfare analysis, and extension education for dairy calf respiratory disease management in California. CA also completed studies demonstrating the role of prostaglandins in initiation and progression of lung inflammation in bovine respiratory disease caused by BRSV and H. sonmi. They showed that the inflammation was due at least in part by BRSV; and support the rationale for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in treatment. CA completed work using microarray analysis of in vitro infection of bovine alveolar epithelial cells with BRSV followed by treatment with concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) from H. somni, revealing which genes were synergistically up regulated. As part of the Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) awarded to Texas A & M (PI James Womack), CA performed individual pathogen infection studies to provide mRNA for use in determination of gene usage in host response to each pathogen. CA worked with WA to develop a modular curriculum on BRD and cow-calf operations. See http://extension.wsu.edu/vetextension/brd/Pages/default.aspx CA, GA, and SD submitted a conference grant proposal to USDA NIFA, which was awarded $10,000 to support the 2014 BRD symposium. GA, KS, NE, FL, and MS, completed a survey of cow-calf producers to determine risk factors for preweaning BRD in beef calves. The same group also conducted a survey of veterinarians in cow-calf practice regarding their knowledge and experience with preweaning BRD. The results were presented as part of an afternoon session at the 2013 AABP Convention, with a panel discussion generating good interaction from the audience. KS continued work to develop diagnostic tools for the recognition of multiple viral and bacterial pathogens involved in BRD, and to identify changes in behavior or biomarkers that could lead to objective assessment tools for management of cattle with BRD during extreme summer conditions. Between 2009 to 2011 KS identified a trend towards increasing multi-drug resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates obtained from the Kansas Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. LA incorporated BRD research findings into extension programming for beef and dairy producers including the Louisiana Beef Quality Assurance Certification program and the LSU AgCenter Master Cattle Producer Program. MI completed work indicating that testing of blood collected from cattle at slaughter by the bovine TB gamma interferon ELISA was feasible and provided accurate information regarding the TB exposure status of cattle at the plant, a major point of cattle concentration. This has the possibility of improving control and eradication of bovine TB. MI completed their work with the regional BVDV eradication program in the Upper Peninsula. The resuts of the program, which increased testing and identification of BVDV PI animals in the UP, was published in JAVMA. NE in collaboration with LA completed research indicating that the BHV1 ORF2 product promotes BHV1 latency by promoting survival of infected neurons and through DNA binding, which increases the half life of the ORF2 product. Work was also completed showing that the viral VIP 16 and bICP0 are activated in a dexamethasone model of stress-induced latency reactivation. NE and MS are working together to test cattle in BRD outbreaks for novel respiratory viruses that may contribute to BRD but are at this time not recognized. OK completed research using whole genome sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that permitted the distinguishing of 8 MLV BHV-1 strains and 14 field BHV-1 strains. Using the SNPs pattern there were grouping for the MLV vaccines. Some of the field strains were identical to selected MLV strains. OK and NADC identified bovine coronavirus (BoCV) from outbreaks of BRD, and sequenced a region of the envelope Spike protein genome sequenced. This showed that BoCV from respiratory disease outbreaks were from a newly identified clade, clade 2; this is in contrast to BoCV in the licensed BoCV MLV vaccine and the historical enteric isolates, which were BoCV clade 1. MARC continued studies to characterize genetic influences on passive transfer of antibody from cow to calf. During the spring and summer of 2013, failure of passive transport of immunoglobulin from cow to calf case and matched control DNAs were scanned to identify areas of the genome associated with failure. MARC completed the first complete genetic sequence of a fully circularized genome of M. haemolytica, and continued characterization of a robust, rapidly-growing bovine monocyte-derived cell line. SD completed research showing that cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV induce autophagy in infected cells, and that suppression of autophagy decreased viral replication. Work also showed that BVDV strains vary in their effect on NK cell activation, with more virulent BVDV strains inducing different profiles of cell surface marker expression than less virulent strains. SD with collaborators at TX showed that CP and NCP BVDV strains vary in their effects on dendritic cell expression of activation markers, with NCP strains decreasing expression of activation markers, and CP strains increasing expression. VA continued work to develop diagnostic assays that are needed for rapid and accurate identification of H. somni in clinical samples and following laboratory isolation. Optical fiber biosensors are being utilized to develop culture-free, rapid diagnostic tests, VA continued work to characterize the P. multocida exopolysaccharide (EPS) and the biofilm matrix (EPS and proteins) of the biofilms of H. somni and P. multocida grown together in a bioreactor. WA with collaborators has continued to collect samples from beef and dairy cattle that have BRDC and healthy controls for genotyping to identify genomic regions associated with BRD susceptibility. To date, over 3800 cattle have been sampled, with genotyping of 777,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. WI continued research to determine how neutrophil extracellular traps are induced by H. somni and M. hemolytica. WI also showed that BHV-1 infection of respiratory epithelial cells led to release of factors that impaired formation of extracellular traps in some but not all circumstances, and that macrophages can remodel extracellular traps by use of DNAse II. WI continued research to determine how bovine respiratory epithelial cells respond to infection with BHV-1, M. haemolytica, or both pathogens together, and showed that cells produced a different pattern of inflammatory mediators when they were infected with both pathogens, as compared to either pathogen alone. Funding leveraged from project activities: New Approaches to Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management, and Diagnosis Conference Grant. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Competitive Grant no. 2013- 01236. 9/30/201312/31/2014. $10,000. A. L. Van Eenennaam (PD). Risk Assessment, welfare analysis, and extension education for dairy calf respiratory disease management in California. UC ANR Strategic Initiative Competitive Grant Program. $599,872. 9/1/2012-8/31/2016 Sharif Aly, California (PD). A metagenomic analysis of the effect of transportation stress and pathogen infection on the nasal bacterial microbiota of cattle. UC Davis Academic Federation Innovative Development Award Program. $7,908 7/1/2012-6/30/2014. A. L. Van Eenennaam (PD). Characterizing the nasal microflora of diseased and healthy cattle. UC Davis Genome Center Core Facility Pilot Projects. $2,000 10/1/2012-10/1/2014. A. L. Van Eenennaam (PD) Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Competitive Grant no. 2011-68004-30367. 4/15/20114/15/2016. $9,750,000. Jim Womack, Texas (PD). A case-control study to determine herd-level risk factors for nursing calf bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on cow-calf operations. Woolums A, Smith DR, Berghaus R, Daly R, White B, Stokka J. Zoetis. November 2012-December 2014. $42,960 (amount corrected from 2012 GA station report). USDA, NIFA, Analysis of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 stress induced reactivation from latency. 10/1/2013-9/30/207. The goals of this grant are to identify viral and cellular genes that are stimulated during the early stages of stress-induced reactivation from latency. C. Jones. USDA, NIFA, Analysis of viral factors that regulate the bovine herpesvirus 1 latency-reactivation cycle. 10/01/09-9/30/13. The goals of this grant are to test whether a protein encoded by the BHV-1 LR (latency related) gene controls the latency-reactivation cycle. Additional studies will identify and characterize a micro-RNA encoded within the LR gene. C. Jones. Nebraska Research Initiative, Dynamics of acquisition and transmission of poly-microbial respiratory disease that affect cattle: bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). 7/1/2012-6/30/2014. The goals of this grant are to compare viruses in cattle that are suffering from BRDC versus healthy cattle. C. Jones. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. Development of a LR mutant/gE minus BHV-1 modified live vaccine. 6/1/2012-5/30/2014. C. Jones. R. Fulton, Principal Investigator Bovine Herpesvirus-1: Molecular Characterization of Vaccine, Reference, and Field Strains. Novartis Animal Health Greensboro, NC.$165,430. - Current. R. Fulton, Principal Investigator.  Bovine Coronavirus Vaccine Strains: Diversity of Field Strains for Vaccine and Diagnsostic Test Development. Oklahoma State University Technology Business Development Program. $20.000. 2011-2013. R. Fulton, Principal Investigator.  Bovine Coronavirus Respiratory Challenge in Neonate Calves. $143,112.50, Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI. 2012-Current. R. Fulton, Principal Investigator.  Bovine Herpesvirus-1: Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Field Strains From Various Clinical Forms. Novartis Animal Health, Greensboro, NC. $36,450. 2013- Current. R. Fulton, Principal Investigator,  Bovine Herpesvirus-1: Selection of Genetic Variants for Vaccine Development and Evaluation. Oklahoma State University Technology Business Development Program. $25,000. 2013-2014. T. Confer, Principal Investigator  2009  2013 - Mannheimia haemolytica chimeric protein vaccine for delivery of multiple outer membrane protein and leukotoxin antigens. USDA-CSREES, AFRI Competitive Grant (Grant # 2009-01626) - $375,000 T. Confer, Principal Investigator (J. Taylor, Co-PI)  2010 - Comparison of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from cattle in Australia with U.S. isolates. Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI & Australia - $75,419 SBIR Phase I: High Sensitivity Optical Fiber Biosensor with Nanoscale Coatings for Rapid Diagnostics of MRSA. NSF SBIR. $144,446; subaward to T. Inzana. Polymicrobial Biofilm Formation by Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni in vitro and in the Bovine Host. Internal Research Competition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech. $20,000, 7/1/13-6/30/15. Development of a DNA-based nanoscale optical fiber biosensor assay to detect Brucella. T.J. Inzana, R. Heflin, and A. Bandara. United States Department of Agriculture. $200,000. Biofilm formation by Pasteurella multocida and its co-habitive interaction with Histophilus somni biofilm in vitro and in the bovine host. USDA-NIFA, $499,999, 10/1/2013-9/30/17. Improving Fertility of Dairy Cattle using Translational Genomics. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. US Department of Agriculture. PI: T.E. Spencer and Co-PIs: H.L. Neibergs, J.B. Cole, J. C. Dalton, A.J. De Vries, P.J. Hansen, D.A. Moore

Impacts

  1. A validated calf BRD scoring system will be used to identify husbandry practices associated with BRD. When practices associated with BRD are identified, a tool to can be developed to provide animal health professionals a method to identify and change husbandry procedures to improve animal health.
  2. The ongoing studies on pathogenesis of the synergy between BRSV and H. somni will yield information valuable for further development of therapeutic and prophylactic regimens.
  3. The RNA sequences collected in specific pathogen infections performed for the CAP collaboration will demonstrate which host response genes are activated for each primary infective organism. This information will be used to determine genotypes of cattle that are resistant to BRD.
  4. The study of risk factors for BRD in preweaning beef calves will provide veterinarians and producers with information to allow development of better methods of management to prevent calf BRD.
  5. The 2014 BRD Symposium will provide an opportunity for veterinarians, scientists, policy makers, and producers to learn about the latest scientific findings related to BRD. This should improve field application of new findings and should also provide new opportunities for collaboration among researchers. Together this should help veterinarians and producers institute new practices to decrease the negative impacts of BRD on health and growth of cattle.
  6. Because accurate field diagnosis of BRD can sometimes be difficult, the development of clinical illness scores, behavior monitoring systems, and specific biomarkers to more accurately identify BRD will help improve the ability of producers to identify and treat cattle with BRD more quickly and effectively.
  7. Monitoring the emergence of multi-drug resistance in M. haemolytica isolates will help define the need to modify treatment approaches to preserve antimicrobial utility in the therapy of BRD.
  8. The regional BVDV eradication program led to testing approximately one half of the herds in the Michigan UP, with identification of BVDV PI cattle in 3.9% of herds. As a result of the project, mandatory BVDV testing of cattle participating in the UP State Fair has been initiated, which will decrease the risk of BVDV transmission in cattle involved in the Fair and which will improve the knowledge of cattle producers regarding a practice important to maintenance of cattle health.
  9. Validating the use of the IFN-gamma ELISA to identify cattle infected with TB at slaughter provides an efficient and feasible method to improve identification of TB-infected cattle at points of concentration, which should advance bovine TB control and eradication.
  10. The research identifying viral proteins required for viral latency and latency reactivation will lead to the development of safer and more effective BHV1 vaccines, which should prevent disease by limiting latency.
  11. The research to test cattle in BRD outbreaks for novel viruses will help determine whether new viruses contribute to BRD. If new viruses are found, information regarding these viruses will aid the development of new vaccines to better prevent BRD.
  12. The BoHV-1 sequencing permitted the identification of SNPs which allow for the differentiation of the MLV strains from field strains. This permits more accurate diagnosis of BoHV-1 for the clinician and cattle owner.
  13. BoCV strains isolated from BRD cases manifest genetic and antigen differences. These differences are unique in that the licensed MLV vaccine in the U.S is a different clade. The current enteric strain BoCV1 in the vaccine should be shown to be efficacious for the BoCV2 respiratory strains found in the current study. Or perhaps there should be BoCV2 vaccines made for BRD.
  14. The work to determine whether genetic factors influence transfer of antibody from cow to calf will reveal whether cattle can be selected that pass high concentrations of antibody to their calves, thus helping these calves be more resistant to disease.
  15. The complete sequence of a full circularized M. haemolytica genome will allow determination of genetic factors that help this bacteria cause BRD, which will help scientists develop tests to identify strains of the bacteria more likely to cause disease, and which will also aid in the development of vaccines that better protect cattle from disease due to M. haemolytica.
  16. The work to develop fiber optic biosensors may lead to the development of highly sensitive and mobile detection device that will identify H. somni in clinical samples. This should help veterinarians treat and prevent disease better by allowing them to identify the cause of disease more quickly and inexpensively.
  17. The research on biofilm formation by P multocida and H somni will reveal new methods these bacteria persist in the host, causing disease. Identification of these methods will allow the discovery of new therapeutic and preventative strategies to decrease BRD.
  18. The identification of genetic regions associated with BRD susceptibility provides the first step in selecting for cattle that are less likely to have this disease.
  19. Studies identifying the impact of BVDV infection on autophagy and on expression of activation markers by dendritic cells provides new foundational knowledge regarding a common and important pathogen, and provides the basis for the development of improved means to counteract and prevent immunosuppression due to BVDV.
  20. The information regarding formation of extracellular traps improves foundational knowledge regarding the bovine immune response to infection, and will provide the basis for future studies to improve the ability of cattle to resist respiratory infection.
  21. Results of studies to evaluate the response of respiratory epithelial cells to infection improves foundational knowledge regarding how the bovine lung responds to insult, and will allow researchers to develop ways to decrease lung damage and improve resistance of the lung to infection.

Publications

Agnes JT, Zekarias B, Shao M, Anderson ML, Gershwin LJ, Corbeil LB. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Histophilus somni interaction at the alveolar barrier. Infect Immun. 2013 Jul;81(7):2592-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00108-13. Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. Integrated program for reducing bovine respiratory disease complex in beef and dairy cattle coordinated agricultural project (BRD CAP). The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: 36-39. Van Eenennaam, A. L. 2012. The Potential Value of DNA-based Tests for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Resistance to the Beef Cattle Supply Chain The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Proceedings 45: 60-65. Heins BD, Nydam DV, Woolums AR, Berghaus RD, Overton MW. Comparative efficacy of enrofloxacin and tulathromycin for treatment of pre-weaning respiratory disease in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2013. Accepted. Woolums AR, Berghaus RD, Smith DR, White BJ, Engelken TJ, Irsik MB, Matlick DK, Jones AL, Ellis RW, Smith IJ, Mason GL. A producer survey of herd-level risk factors for nursing beef calf respiratory disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013. 243:538-547. Theurer M.E., Anderson D.E., White B.J., Miesner M.D., Mosier D.A., Coetzee J.F., Lakritz J., Amrine D.E. Effect of Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia on behavior and physiologic responses of calves experiencing hyperthermal environmental conditions. J Anim Scii 2013.91:1-13. Hanzlicek G.A., Renter D.R., White B.J., Wagner B.A., Dargatz D.A., Sanderson M.W., Scott H.M., Larson R.E.. Management practices associated with the rate of pre-weaning calf respiratory disease: results from a national survey of U.S. cow-calf operations. 2013 J Am Vet Med Assoc. 242(9): 1271-1278. PMID: 23600786 Babcock A.H., White B. J., Renter D. G., Dubnicka S., Scott H.M. Predicting cumulative risk of bovine respiratory disease complex using feedlot arrival data and daily morbidity and mortality counts. Can J Vet Res. 2013. 77(1):33-44. Fraser BC, Anderson DE, White BJ, Miesner MD, Wheeler C, Amrine D, Lakritz J, Overbay T. Assessment of a commercially available point-of-care assay for the measurement of bovine cardiac troponin I concentration. Am J Vet Res. 2013 Jun; 74 (6):870-3 Amrine D.E., White B.J., Larson R.L, Anderson D.E, Mosier D.A, Cernicchiaro N. 2013. Precision and accuracy of clinical illness scores, compared with pulmonary consolidation scores, in Holstein calves with experimentally induced Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. Am J Vet Res. 74:310-315. PMID: 23363359 Hanzlicek G.A., Lubbers B.V. Antimicrobial multidrug resistance and coresistance patterns of Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from bovine respiratory disease cases  a three-year (2009-2011) retrospective analysis. J Vet Diag Invest, 25:413-417, 2013. Cernicchiaro N., White B.J., Renter D.G., Babcock A.H. Evaluation of economic and performance outcomes associated with the number of treatments after an initial diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in commercial feeder cattle. Am J Vet Res, 74:300-309, 2013. Rainbolt S., Moore M., Lubbers B., Davis R., Pillai D., Mosier D. Comparison of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from an outbreak of Bovine Respiratory Disease. Merial-NIH Veterinary Scholars Symposium, East Lansing, MI, 2013. Corbett EM, Grooms DL, Bolin SR. Evaluation of Skin Samples by RT-PCR Following Immunization with a Modified-Live Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine. Am J Vet Res. 2012;73(2):319-324. Okafor CC, Grooms DL, Bolin SR, Kaneene JB. Detection of bovine interferon-³ response in blood collected during exsanguination of cattle sensitized with Mycobacterium bovis. Amer J Vet Res 2012:73(6):847-853. Lim A, Steibel JP, Coussens PM, Grooms DL, Bolin SR. Differential Gene Expression Segregates Cattle Confirmed Positive for Bovine Tuberculosis from Antemortem Tuberculosis Test-False Positive Cattle Originating from Herds Free of Bovine Tuberculosis. Vet Medicine International. 2012;2012:192926. Urban-Chmiel R, Grooms DL. Prevention and Control of Bovine Respiratory Disease. Journal of Livestock Science. 2012;3:27-36. Okafor CC, Grooms DL, Bolin SR, Gravelyn TD, Kaneene JB. Factors that can affect measurable interferon-³ response to Mycobacterium bovis in cattle at time of slaughter. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2013 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]. Okafor CC, Grooms DL, Bolin SR, Averill JJ, Gravelyn TD, Kaneene JB. Bovine TB INF-³ Assay at Slaughter: A Novel Strategy for Targeted Surveillance. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 22 MAR 2013, DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12080. Urban-Chmiel R, Grooms DL .Rapid Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Poland Using A Human Patient-Side Diagnostic Assay. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2013 Aug 12. doi:10.1111/tbed.12134. Grooms DL, Barlett BB, Bolin SR, Corbett EM, Grotelueschen DM, Cortese VS. Special Report: A Review of the Michigan Upper Peninsula Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Eradication Project. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Aug 15;243(4):548-54. doi:10.2460/javma.243.4.548. Grooms DL, Brock KV, Bolin SR, Grotelueschen DM, Cortese VS. Effect of constant exposure to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus on morbidity, mortality, and performance in feedlot cattle: summary of three studies. J Am Vet Med Assoc. Accepted for Publication, 2013. Sinani, D., L. Frizzo da Silva, and C. Jones. 2013. A bovine herpesvirus 1 protein expressed in latently infected neurons (ORF2) promotes neurite sprouting in the presence of activated Notch1 or Notch3. J of Virology, 87:1183-1192. Pittayakhajonwut, D., D. Sinani, and C. Jones. 2013. A protein (ORF2) encoded by the latency related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 interacts with DNA. J of Virology, 87: 5943-5501. Jones, C. 2013. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) promote survival of latently infected sensory neurons, in part by inhibiting apoptosis. J of Cell Death, 6:1-16. Frizzo da Silva, L., I. Kook, A. Doster, and C. Jones. Bovine herpesvirus 1 regulatory proteins, bICP0 and VP16, are readily detected in trigeminal ganglionic neurons expressing the glucocorticoid receptor during the early stages of reactivation from latency. In Press, J of Virology. Confer AW, Ayalew S. The OmpA Family of Proteins: Roles in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunity. Vet Microbiol. 163: 207-222, 2013 Taylor JD, Doyle DJ, Confer AW. Use of REP-PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing for comparison of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates obtained from fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease in the United States and Australia. Austral Vet J, 2013, in press Kraus, B., Fulton, R.W., Johnson, B.J., Sjeklocha, D.B.: Case Report- Comparison of Pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Non-Pooled Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Individual Samples to Detect Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistently Infected Stocker Calves. Bovine Practitioner, 46: 131-135, 2012. Fulton,R.W.: Host Response to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Interactions with Infectious Agents in the Feedlot and Breeding Herd. Biologicals, 41:31-38, 2013. Fulton, R.W., Ridpath, J.F., Burge, L.J.: Bovine Coronaviruses From the Respiratory Tract: Antigenic and Genetic Diversity. Vaccine, 31: 886-892,2013. dOffay, J.M., Fulton,R.W., Eberle, R.: Complete Genome Sequence of the NVSL BoHV-1.1 Cooper Reference Strain. Archives of Virology, 158: 1109-1113, 2013. Fulton, R.W., dOffay, J.M., Eberle, R.: Bovine Herpesvirus-1: Comparison and Differentiation of Vaccine and Field Strains Based on Genomic Sequence Variation. Vaccine, 31:1471-1479, 2013 . Chase CCL. Viral Disruption of Adaptive Immunity. 2013. Biologicals 41:52- 60. Perry GA, AD Zimmerman, RF Daly, RE Buterbaugh, J Rhoades, D Scholz, A Harmon, CCL Chase. 2013. The effects of vaccination on serum hormone concentrations and conception rates in synchronized naive beef heifers.Theriogenology 79:200-205. Elswaifi, S.F., W.K. Scarratt, T.J. Inzana. 2012. The role of lipooligosaccharide phosphorylcholine in colonization and pathogenesis of Histophilus somni in cattle. Vet. Res. 43:49. Inzana, T.J., R. Balyan, and M. D. Howard. 2012. Decoration of Lipooligosaccharide with N-acetyl-5-neuraminic acid contributes to Histophilus somni virulence and resistance to host defenses. Vet. Microbiol. 161:113-121. Aulik, N.A., D. Atapattu, D. McCaslin and C. J. Czuprynski. 2013. Brief heat treatment causes a structural change and enhances cytotoxicity of the Escherichia coli ±-hemolysin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 35:15-27. Hellenbrand, K.M., K.M. Forsythe, J.J. Rivera-Rivas, C.J. Czuprynski, and N.A. Aulik. 2013. Histophilus somni causes extracellular trap formation by bovine neutrophils and macrophages. Microb Pathog. 54:67-75. N'jai, A.U., J. Rivera, D.N. Atapattu, K. Owusu-Ofori, and C.J. Czuprynski. 2013. Gene expression profiling of bovine bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia haemolytica. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. Jul 1. doi:pii: S0165- 2427(13)00193-1. 10.1016
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