Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Remote participation: Arrangements had been made to enable members to remotely connect to the meeting. Six members participated remotely in all or parts of the technical program and business meeting. One presentation was given by a remote participant. The most common reason given for remote participation was the lack of available travel funds. Technical program: The meeting began at 8:45 a.m. on Thursday, June 27, 2013 with opening remarks by Rob Tempelman and Doug Buhler (Director of MSU AgBioResearch). Presentations ended at approximately 5:10 p.m. The technical program consisted of the following presentations. Cen Wu. High dimensional variable selection in gene-environment interactions David Meek. Rational polynomial functions for modeling E. coli and bromide breakthrough (Remote presentation) Bruce Craig. Assessing inter-observer agreement for multivariate observations Vince Melfi. Quantitative and statistical literacy of undergraduates Heng Wang. A hidden Markov approach for ascertaining SNP genotypes from Next Generation Sequencing data in the presence of allelic imbalance Ed Gbur. Small sample inference in the beta distribution Walt Stroup. Comparing alternative analyses for non-normal data:  An update Business meeting: The business meeting began at 9:05 a.m. on Friday, June 28, 2013. Ed Gbur presided. Ed invited all participants to send him any photographs taken during the meeting for posting on the project web site. The following items were discussed: (1) Rob Tempelman and Bruce Craig were thanked for organizing a productive and enjoyable meeting. Nora Bello was thanked for arranging for remote access by project members. (2) The annual report and impact statement are due shortly after the annual meeting. Participants need to send Ed Gbur (egbur@uark.edu) accountings of all activities (workshops, papers, presentations, grants, teaching related items, etc.) from October 1, 2012 to September 30, 2013 (or since last years report) that are related to or inspired by their participation in NCCC-170 as soon as possible. (3) The 2014 meeting will be held at Nebraska with Walt Stroup as host. After some discussion about conflicts with other meetings, the choices were narrowed to July 14-15 or July 18-19. The other option would be the last half of June at a time that did not conflict with the USSES meeting. Bahman Shafii will serve as program chair. The 2015 meeting is tentatively planned as a joint meeting with USSES to be held in Puerto Rico with Raul Macchiavelli serving as the host. (4) The group reviewed progress toward the goals identified at the 2012 meeting. The first goal has been met with the completion of the revision of the mixed model workshop to include generalized linear mixed models and the use of new software. The goal will be removed from the list for next year. Kathy Yeater indicated that the genomics workshop which she and Sara Duke are developing currently covers QTL mapping and association mapping using JMP/Genomics. They are planning to add a section on Next Gen RNA-Seq gene expression analysis. It was decided that the three remaining goals from this year will be listed again for next year. (5) Bruce Craig and Nora Bello invited project members to become involved in the mixed model workshops presented at the annual Animal Sciences meetings. Presenter costs are covered by the workshop registration fee and the workshops are well attended. (6) The NCCC-170 impact statement from the previous project renewal (2006-2011) edited and designed by Sara Delheimer was reviewed. After much discussion it was decided that more details related to Accomplishments and Needed Research sections should be included in the annual impact statement. It was also suggested that we submit some photographs related to project activities. This was not done previously and as a result, the figures used in the 2006-2011 statement did not directly relate to the projects accomplishments. (7) The group discussed the issue of remote access participation. The members using remote access at this meeting agreed that it worked acceptably well but was not as desirable as being present. They would not choose remote access if they had the option to be present. Some indicated that they were not as comfortable asking questions during the presentations and missed the in-person interaction with other attendees. Suggestions for improvements included having a moderator, creating an instruction sheet for remote access, and having a training session before the meeting began. The possibility of purchasing a good quality microphone and external speakers was discussed without a final resolution. Members agreed that there should be a reduced registration fee for remote participation if there were costs related to providing such access. The meeting adjourned at approximately 10:25 a.m. A group photograph for the project web site was taken immediately afterward.

Statisticians who consult and do research in an Agricultural Experiment Station environment enable land grant institutions to perform their agricultural research missions more effectively and efficiently than would otherwise be possible. However, most stations have at most one or two professional statisticians who are not, and can not be expected to be, experts in every area of statistics. This multi-state committee brings together statisticians to work cooperatively to determine the best current approaches to common statistical problems and to help guide future directions of sound statistical practice. In addition to producing group outputs such as workshops, the committee serves as a resource for its members and a sounding board for new ideas in their applied statistical research. As a result, all members are able to provide more effective assistance to agricultural researchers addressing national research priorities than they would be without NCCC-170. Outputs: Workshops, Symposia, Short Courses, etc.: Kathy Yeater chaired a symposium entitled "Statistical Concepts and Tools to Aid in Publishing Proper Research Conclusions" at the 2012 ASA-CSSA-SSSA meetings in Cincinnati in October, 2012. The Biometry and Statistical Computing Section which is chaired by Kathy Yeater cosponsored the symposium. Kathy Yeater and Sara Duke presented "Multivariate Analysis: Greater Insight in Complex Systems" at a symposium entitled "Statistical Concepts and Tools to Aid in Publishing Proper Research Conclusions" during the 2012 ASA-CSSA-SSSA meetings in Cincinnati in October, 2012. Linda Young presented workshops on "Applied Mixed Models" on behalf of the American Statistical Associations Council of Chapters Traveling Course program. Workshops were provided to requesting chapters in 2012 (5 chaptersHarrisburg, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, Houston, New Jersey), and 2013 (1 chapterHawaii). She had provided the workshops in 2010 and 2011 as well. Bruce Craig, Jun Zhu and Nora Bello presented a one and a half day workshop for the Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS) in conjunction with the Joint Annual Meetings of the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal Sciences in July, 2013 in Indianapolis as a venue for continuing education for affiliated researchers. The workshop focused on the application of general and generalized linear mixed models to research problems in the animal and food sciences. There were approximately 80 participants of whom 40% returned the workshop survey. The written comments indicated that participants felt that the presenters were well prepared and informative. They found the data driven example approach helpful for them to be able to apply the material to their own research. 86% of the respondents gave the workshop a rating of 8 or higher on a 1 to 10 scale. Linda Young and Kenneth Lopiano presented a workshop entitled "Change of Support: Statistical Issues and Methods" to the US-International Association for Landscape Ecology in April, 2012 in Newport, Rhode Island. Mark West presented "Mixed Model Analysis for a Real Data Set" as part of a workshop "R for Recovering SAS Users - Introduction to the Statistical Software Package R" at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Meeting in Cincinnati on October, 2012. Rob Tempelman presented a workshop entitled "Introduction to SAS for Statistical Analysis of Research Data" for faculty, staff, and graduate students at Michigan State University, September, 2012. He also presented a second workshop entitled "Determining the Right Standard Errors & Statistical Tests Using Mixed Models" for faculty, staff, and graduate students in March, 2013. Raul Macchiavelli, J. Di Rienzo and F. Casanoves taught a 40 hour short course entitled "Advanced Statistical Modeling" at CATIE (Tropical Agronomic Center for Research and Teaching) in Turrialba, Costa Rica (July, 2013). Raul Macchiavelli, J. Di Rienzo and F. Casanoves taught a three hour short course entitled "Generalized Linear Mixed Models in InfoStat" at X CLATSE, Latin American Conference of Statistical Societies (October 2012, Córdoba, Argentina). Bruce Craig gave a series of four one hour presentations to faculty and students in the Ingestive Behavior Research Center at Purdue in June and July, 2013 that followed the same structure as our mixed model workshop. The lecture topics were general linear mixed models, generalized linear mixed models, handling missing observations in longitudinal studies, and sample size/power calculations for mixed models. Attendance ranged from 30 to 50 participants. Presentations: Abreu, D.A., K.K. Lopiano, S.C. Garber, A.C. Lamas and L.J. Young. Estimating the number of U.S. farms with adjustment for misclassification at the Joint Statistical Meetings. July, 2012. San Diego, California. Bello, N.M. Statistics: Catalyst for Interdisciplinary Interactions. at the College of Arts and Sciences Deans Advisory Council Meeting, Kansas State University in October, 2012 (Invited). Bello, N. M., J. P. Steibel and R. J. Tempelman. Accounting for heterogeneous pleiotropy in whole genome selection models as a poster at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal Science. Indianapolis, July, 2013. (Their abstract was one of 30 selected from 2,200 abstracts as an American Society of Animal Science Presidential Pick. Selection criteria included scientific merit and overall interest.) Cox L., Ward A., Saunders G., Stevens J.R., and Isom S.C. Gene expression analysis of in vivo- and in vitro-matured porcine metaphase II oocytes (poster) at the International Plant and Animal Genome XXI, San Diego in January, 2013. Di Rienzo, J; R. Macchiavelli; F. Casanoves. Una interfaz amigable para la librería lme4 de R at the Tenth Latin American Conference of Statistical Societies (CLATSE) in Córdoba, Argentina, October 2012. Holt, N. M., L.J. Young and C.A. Gotway. Moran-type ratio of quadratic forms for assessing spatio-temporal associations at the International Biometric Conference. August, 2012. Kobe, Japan. Hyman, M.. and L.J. Young. On the inference for the K-function for spatial point patterns at the Joint Statistical Meetings. July, 2012. San Diego, California. Leary, E., L.J. Young, C. DuClos and M. Jordan. Climate change and heat-related health effects for Florida at the Joint Statistical Meetings. July, 2012. San Diego, California. Lopiano, K.K., L.J. Young and C.A. Gotway. Two-stage methods for regression with spatially misaligned data at the Joint Statistical Meetings. July, 2012. San Diego, California. Madden, L.V. Predicting plant disease epidemics: A case study with Fusarium head blight of wheat at the 50th Anniversary Meeting of the Chinese Society of Plant Protection (CSPP), Beijing, China. October, 2012 (Plenary Session). Madden, L.V. The cost of plant disease prediction a seminar at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. November, 2012. Madden, L.V. The cost of predicting plant diseases: A Bayesian Perspective a seminar at University of California, Davis. Davis, CA. January, 2013. Piccardi M.; R. Macchiavelli; M. Balzarini. Comparación de modelos para el ajuste de curvas de lactación en tambos at the Tenth Latin American Conference of Statistical Societies (CLATSE) in Córdoba, Argentina, October, 2012. Rubio, N.; G. Giménez; R. Macchiavelli; A. Lavalle. Aplicación de diferentes herramientas gráficas en R para el análisis descriptivo en el ajuste de un modelo logit acumulado mixto at the Tenth Latin American Conference of Statistical Societies (CLATSE) in Córdoba, Argentina, October, 2012. Rubio, N.; G. Giménez; R. Macchiavelli; A. Lavalle. Aplicación de dos técnicas numéricas para la estimación de un modelo lineal generalizado mixto con datos multinomiales at the Tenth Latin American Conference of Statistical Societies (CLATSE) in Córdoba, Argentina, October, 2012. Saunders G., Stevens J.R., and Isom S.C. An Improved FWER Controlling Method in Gene Ontology Graphs (poster) at the Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, in April, 2013. Saunders G., Stevens J.R., and Isom S.C. An Improved FWER Controlling Method in Gene Ontology Graphs (poster) at the Joint Statistical Meetings, Montreal, QB, in August, 2013. Stevens J.R., Jones T.R., and Lefevre M. SigTree: An Automated Meta-Analytic Approach to Find Significantly Responsive Branches in a Phylogenetic Tree at the Joint Statistical Meetings, Montreal, QB, in August, 2013. Tempelman, R.J. A Bayesian Antedependence Model for Whole Genome Prediction at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, April, 2013. Thompson, K. and E.E. Gbur. A simulation study of the small sample properties of likelihood based inference for the beta distribution (poster) at the Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture in Manhattan, KS, in April, 2013. Wang, Shu and L.J. Young. Inference for map comparisons at the Joint Statistical Meetings. July, 2012. San Diego, California. Young, L. J. 2012. Relating public health to environmental factors: Quantifying uncertainty when exposure is predicted. ENAR Spring Meeting April, 2012. Washington, D.C.. (Invited). Other project related activities: Larry Madden organized and chaired an invited paper session on "Modeling in Plant Disease Epidemiology" at the International Congress of Plant Pathology, Beijing, China. August, 2013. Larry Madden led a discussion session on "The application of new statistical methods in plant disease epidemiology" at the Eleventh International Epidemiology Workshop, Beijing, China. August, 2013. Kathy Yeater is a team member on the Specific Cooperative Agreement New Statistical Tools to Study Aflatoxin Genetic Resistance in Maize. Kathy Yeater will be co-facilitating "Statistics Workshops for Regional Meeting and Web-Based Platforms" for the American Society of Agronomy. This two-year grant from the professional society beginning November 1, 2013 will expand statistics workshops and training opportunities from the usual one-time event at Annual Meetings to Specialty/Regional meetings and a web-based platform. NCCC-170 members including Walt Stroup, Nora Bello, Bruce Craig, Kathy Yeater and Sara Duke will assist with the development of initial workshop topics such as sample size and power calculations, mixed models for normal and non-normal data, and multivariate analysis applications. John Stevens is a co-investigator on a grant entitled "Genome reprogramming and embryo survivability in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos" funded by the USDA under the AFRI Foundational Program. The award period is August 2013 - July 2016. Using statistical bioinformatics tools John has learned and refined through discussions with members of the NCCC-170 group, he will help the principal investigators consider a novel, noninvasive means to evaluate reprogramming efficiency and survivability in porcine embryos produced using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Application of this bioassay could significantly enhance the efficiency of reproductive cloning by nuclear transfer in agriculturally relevant species. Bruce Craig continues to use portions of the material from the NCCC-170 linear and generalized linear mixed model workshops in his course entitled "Statistical consulting and collaboration" in the Department of Statistics at Purdue University. Bahram Momen teaches a graduate course in Experimental Design and Advanced Statistical Analysis at the University of Maryland attended by students from the University as well as other educational and research institutions in the Washington D.C. area. The course content, particularly the laboratory component, has been influenced by his association with NCCC-170. The statistical consulting component of his faculty appointment has also been enhanced by his participation in the project. Specific goals for the next three years: (1) Offer the mixed model and generalized linear mixed model workshops upon request from subject matter groups. (2) Develop a workshop on data analysis techniques for genomics researchers. (3) Educate project members in statistical issues and methodology related to statistical problems in which large numbers of variables are collected on relatively few experimental units. Application areas include biotechnology, precision agriculture and chemometrics.

Anaya, A.; I. Padilla; R. Macchiavelli; D. Vesper; J. Meeker; A. Alshawabkeh 2013. Estimating preferential flow in karstic aquifers using statistical mixed models. Groundwater (doi: 10.1111/gwat.12084) In press. Anco, D. J., Madden, L. V., and Ellis, M. A. 2012. Effects of temperature and wetness duration on the sporulation of Phomopsis viticola on infected grape canes. Plant Health Progress (on-line journal). doi:10.1094/PHP-2012-0723-02-RS. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/php/symposium/ melhus/2011/grape/). Anco, D. J., Madden, L. V., and Ellis, M. A. 2013. Effects of temperature and wetness duration on the sporulation rate of Phomopsis viticola on infected grape canes. Plant Disease 97: 579-589. Bangarwa, S.K., J.K. Norsworthy and E.E. Gbur. 2012. Herbicidal performance of phenyl isothiocyanate in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. Weed Technology 26: 763-768 Bangarwa, S.K., J.K. Norsworthy and E.E. Gbur. 2012. Effects of shoot clipping-soil disturbance frequency and tuber size on above-ground and below-ground growth of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus). Weed Technology 26: 813-817. Bello N. M., J. S. Stevenson and R. J. Tempelman. 2012. Invited review: Milk production and reproductive performance - Modern multidisciplinary insights into an enduring axiom. Journal of Dairy Science 95(10): 5461-5475. Bello, N.M., J.S. Stevenson, and R.J. Tempelman. 2012. Invited Review: Milk production and reproductive performance: Modern interdisciplinary insights into an enduring axiom. Journal of Dairy Science 95: 5461-5475. Bello, N.M., J.P. Steibel, R.M. Erskine, and R.J. Tempelman. 2013. Cows and Herds Constitute Distinct Hierarchical Levels of Heterogeneity in the Variability of and Association between Milk Yield and Pregnancy Outcome in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 96: 2314-2326. Bello, N. M., J. P. Steibel, R. J. Erskine and R. J. Tempelman. 2013. Cows and herds constitute distinct hierarchical levels of heterogeneity in the variability of and association between milk yield and pregnancy outcome in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 96 (4):14-26. Bryant, R.J., K.M. Yeater, and H.B. Miller. 2012. The effect of induced yellowing on the physicochemical properties of specialty rices. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jsfa.5751. Bursian, S. J., J. Moore, J. L. Newsted, J. E. Link, S. D. Fitzgerald, N. M. Bello, V. S. Bhat, D. Kay, X. Zhang, S. Wiseman, R. A. Budinsky, J. P. Giesy and M. J. Zwiernik. 2012. Incidence of jaw lesions and activity and gene expression of hepatic P4501A enzyme in mink (Mustela vison) exposed to dietary 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 31(11): 2545-2556. Cardoso, F.F., and R.J. Tempelman. 2012. Linear reaction norm models for the prediction of genetic merit of Angus cattle with genotype by environment interaction. Journal of Animal Science 90: 2130-2141. Cernicchiaro, N., D. Renter, S. Xiang, B.J. White and N.M. Bello. 2013. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of heterogeneous variances in performance of commercial feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 91(6): 2910-2919. Cull, C.A, Z.D. Paddock, T.G. Nagaraja, N. M. Bello, A. H. Babcock and D. G. Renter. 2012. Efficacy of a vaccine and a direct-fed microbial against fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a randomized pen-level field trial of commercial feedlot cattle. Vaccine 30(43): 6210 - 6215. Hesler, L.S., M.V. Chiozza, M.E. O'Neal, G.C.MacIntosh, K.J. Tilmon, D.I. Chandrasena, N.A. Tinsley, S.R. Cianzio, A.C. Costamagna, E.Cullen, C.D. DiFonzo, B.D. Potter, D.W. Ragsdale, K.Steffey, and K.J. Koehler. 2013. Performance and prospects of Rag genes for management of soybean aphid. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 147(3): 201-216. Isom S.C., Stevens J.R., Li R., Spollen W., Cox L., Spate L., Murphy C., and Prather R. 2013. Transcriptional profiling by RNA-Seq of peri-attachment porcine embryos generated using a variety of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Physiological Genomics 45(14): 577-589. Kriss, A. B., Paul, P. A., and Madden, L. V. 2012. Characterizing heterogeneity of disease incidence in a spatial hierarchy: A case study from a decade of observations of Fusarium head blight of wheat. Phytopathology 102: 867-877. Kriss, A. B., Madden, L. V., Paul, P. A., and Xu, X. 2012. Heterogeneity of Fusarium head blight of wheat: Multi-scale distributions and temporal variation in relation to environment. Plant Health Progress (on-line journal). doi:10.1094/PHP-2012-0723-01-RS. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/ sub/php/symposium/melhus/2011/wheat/). Lawlor MR, Craig BA, Schinckel AP, Einstein ME, Matthews JO, Fields B, Booher C, Dreadin T, Fralick C, Tabo S, Sosnicki A, Wilson E, and Boyd RD. 2012. Development of a procedure to reproduce the variances and relationships amongst carcass measurements and the weight of primal and subprimal lean cuts. The Professional Animal Scientist, 29, 83-88. Li, X., W. Yan, H. Agrama, L. Jia, A.K. Jackson, K. Moldenhauer, K.M. Yeater, A.M. Mcclung, and D. Wu. 2012. Unraveling the complex trait of harvest index with association mapping in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One. 7(1): e29350. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029350. Lopiano, K.K., L.J. Young and C.A. Gotway. 2012. Estimated generalized least squares in spatially-misaligned regression models with Berkson error. Biostatistics. In Press. Miller, R., A. Estrada-Pena, C. Almazan, K.M. Yeater, M. Messenger, D. Ellis, and A.A. Perez De Leon. 2012. Exploring the use of anti-tick vaccine as tool for integrated eradication of the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Vaccine. 30(38):5682-5687. Olbricht G., B.A. Craig and R.W. Doerge. 2012. Incorporating Genomic Annotation into a Hidden Markov Model for DNA Methylation Tiling Array Data. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 11(5), ISSN (Online) 1544-6115. Ostoja, S.M., E.W. Schupp, S. Durham, and R. Klinger. 2013. Seed harvesting is influenced by associational effects in mixed seed neighbourhoods, not just by seed density. Functional Ecology 27: 775-785. Piepho, H.-P., Williams, E. R., and Madden, L. V. 2012. The use of two-way linear mixed models in multi-treatment meta-analysis. Biometrics 68: 1269-1277. Pucket, J. D., R. A. Allbaugh, A. J. Rankin, Z. Ou and N. M. Bello. 2013. Comparison of efficacy and duration of topical anesthetics on corneal sensitivity in clinically normal horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 74(3): 459-464. Rankin, A. J., L. Sebbag, N. M. Bello, W.R. Crumley and R. A. Allbaugh. 2013. Inhibition of paracentesis-induced blood-aqueous barrier breakdown by oral administration of anti-inflammatory medications in normal cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 74(2): 262-267. Reid-Bush, T., L. Bix, N. M Bello and J. Fair. 2013. Differences in kinematics of restrained and unrestrained conditions of opening for two sizes of glass jars. Packaging Technology and Science 26:105-113. Rothrock, C. S., Winters, S. A., Miller, P. K., Gbur, E., Verhalen, L. M., Greenhagen, B. E., Isakeit, T. S., Batson, W. E., Jr., Bourland, F. M., Colyer, P. D., Wheeler, T. A., Kaufman, H. W., Sciumbato, G. L., Thaxton, P. M., Lawrence, K. S., Gazaway, W. S., Chambers, A. Y., Newman, M. A., Kirkpatrick, T. L., Barham, J. D., Phipps, P. M., Shokes, F. M., Littlefield, L. J., Padgett, G. B., Hutmacher, R. B., Davis, R. M., Kemerait, R. C., Sumner, D. R., Seebold, K. W. Jr., Mueller, J. D., and Garber, R. H. 2012. Importance of fungicide seed treatment and environment on seedling diseases of cotton. Plant Disease 96: 1805-1817. Singer C., N. M. Bello and B. A. Snyder. 2012. Characterizing prevalence and ecological impact of non-native terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in tallgrass prairie. Crustaceana 85(12/13): 1499-1511 Stevens J.R. and Isom S.C. 2013. Gene Set Testing to Characterize Multivariately Differentially Expressed Genes. In Proceedings of Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture 2012, pp. 125-137. Sundar, R. P., L. Bix, N. M. Bello and M. W. Becker. 2012. Quantifying age-related differences in information processing behaviors when viewing prescription drug labels. PLoS One 7(6):e38819. Tomer, M.D., P.C. Beeson, D.W. Meek, D.N. Moriasi, C.G. Rossi, and A.M. Sadeghi 2013. Evaluating simulations daily discharge from large watersheds using autoregression and an index of flashiness. Trans. ASABE. In Press. Torres, S., D. U. Thompson, N. M. Bello, B. Nosky and C. D. Reinhardt. 2013. Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the control of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves at high risk calves of developing respiratory tract disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 74 (6): 839-846. Torres, S., D. U. Thompson, N. M. Bello, B. Nosky and C. D. Reinhardt. 2013. Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 74 (6): 847-853. Willyerd, K.T., Li, C., Madden, L.V., Bradley, C.A., Bergstrom G.C., Sweets, L.E., McMullen, M., Ransom, J. K., Grybauskas, A., Osborne, L., Wegulo, S. N., Hershman, D.E., Wise, K., Bockus, W.W., Groth, D., Dill-Macky, R., Milus, E., Esker, P.D., Waxman, K.D., Adee, E.A., Ebelhar, S.E., Young, B.G., and Paul, P.A. 2012. Efficacy and stability of integrating fungicide and cultivar resistance to manage Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in wheat. Plant Disease 96: 957-967. Xu H, Black M, and Craig, BA. 2012. Evaluating Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests with Intermediate Results in the Absence of a Gold Standard. Statistics in Medicine, 32(15), 2571-2584.