Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

See attached "Copy of Minutes" file attached below for full annual report. Brief summary of minutes of annual meeting: The meeting was held on May 12 - 13, 2012 in the Executive Boardroom at the Westin National Harbor (171 Waterfront St., National Harbor, MD 20745). First Day, May 12, 2013 Meeting called to order by Daniel Jenkins at 1:06 PM, who thanked Evangelyn Alocilja for taking the initiative to organize this year's meeting in conjuction with the 2013 TechConnect World Summit and Innovation Showcase. 1) Following introductions of participants, Vincent Bralts (administrative advisor) welcomed attendees and recognized the great opportunity to participate in the ongoing Nanotechnology Expo. 2) Hongda Chen (from USDA-NIFA) welcomed participants, and reviewed emerging opportunities from USDA and other federal agencies, including nanotechnology programs funded through partnerships at multiple federal agencies totalling $78M which would fit the objectives of NC-1194 well. Specific programs are related to nanotechnology and sensors to improve performance, understand fate of nanomaterials in the environment, improve decision support technologies for precision agriculture, and nanoscale modeling. He went on to review some other issues including budgetary uncertainties due to federal sequestration, 3) Kaustubh Bhalerao indicated that it would be a good idea to try to consolidate NC-1194 with NECC1014 (Nanotechnology Risk Assessment) which has significant overlap of objectives with NC-1194. Vincent Bralts agreed to serve as a delegate to NECC1014 to invite them to merge with NC-1194. 4) Some discussion ensued about the benefits of coordinating meetings with larger Meetings/ Conferences (as was done this year). Participants recommended that meeting venues should alternate every other year between different state experiment stations and larger meetings and conferences, to balance the need to understand the needs of individual states, and the need for keeping current with other professionals, technologies, and issues. It was decided that next year's meeting will be hosted by the University of Hawaii, and meetings will be coordinated with larger meetings/ conferences in every odd numbered year. 5) Alocilja started a short dialog to stimulate ideas for NC-1194 to have more participation, collaborative activities, and impact (this dialog was resumed in the evening's "business" dinner held at the Thai Pavilion Restaurant in National Harbor MD). Two ideas were received quite enthusiastically, including: i) development of a high-performance/ low-cost/ open source electrochemical impedance analyzer/ potentiostat to support projects by many project members as well as other researchers and companies (suggested by Kaustubh Bhalerao, who already has some momentum in developing such a device), and; ii) collaborating on a review paper on electroanalytical chemistry for biological applications (suggested by Paul Takhistov, as again this topic appeared to be the most common theme emerging in station reports, and documenting a common basic framework for these technologies would have a very positive impact). 6) Short break, followed by Station Reports (see table 1 below) Table 1. Station reports (alphabetical by presenter). Institution Presenter Title of Presentation Michigan State University Evangelyn Alocilja Biosensor based on nano-assembly for rapid detection of pathogens University of Illinois Kaustubh Bhalerao Bioinstrumentation for agricultural disease diagnostics University of Wisconsin Sundaram Gunasekaran Visible Detection of Pathogens University of Hawaii Daniel Jenkins Distributed Agricultural Diagnostics: An Engineering Evolution Rutgers University Paul Takhistov Integrated Nano-Structured Sensor System for Category B Toxins Detection in Complex Biological and Environmental Matrices Utah State University Anhong Zhou Gapped-duplex Approach to DNA Mismatch Detection All station reports were completed by the evening of May 12, and participants unanimously approved concluding the official "business meeting" of NC-1194 at 6:46 PM. 7) At a working dinner, members discussed in detail ideas to further stimulate collaboration (see item 5 above), and tentatively recommended that the 2014 meeting be held in Honolulu, HI in February (based on empirical observations reported by Daniel Jenkins that airfares and hotels are generally more affordable in February). 8) By concluding the official business meeting on May 12, members were able to take more advantage of the opportunities to participate in activities at the Nanotechnology Expo. Members were especially encouraged to attend a biosensors technical session on May 15, at which several members reported their research.

Accomplishments  Progress Reports: This is a progress report for the period October 1, 2012-September 30, 2013 by participating institutions covering various states. As a reminder, the objectives of this project are: 1. Develop new technologies for characterizing fundamental nanoscale processes 2. Construct and characterize self-assembled nanostructures 3. Develop devices and systems incorporating microfabrication and nanotechnology 4. Develop a framework for economic, environmental and health risk assessment for nanotechnologies applied to food, agriculture and biological systems 5. Produce education and outreach materials on nanofabrication, sensing, systems integration and application risk assessment Progress reports are presented by state. The findings have been disseminated to the scientific community via seminars, national/international conferences, manuscripts, and web sites. Arizona (University of Arizona) Outputs 1) With the new collaborative research contract from QIA (Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, South Korea), a handheld polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device is currently being developed for rapid veterinary diagnostics. Three researchers from QIA have visited my lab in December 2012 to check our progress, and my research team (me and two of my graduate students) have visited QIA in June-July 2013 to deliver the alpha prototype and conducted experimental demonstrations. Discussion is currently made to commercialize this technology. 2) The same technology is being applied to detect blood infections. Two awards have been made in December 2012 (both projects have started in January 2013), one from AZ Furnace program and the other from Tech Launch Arizona, with the aim of commercializing this technology. A spin-off company, Fast PCR Diagnostics, LLC, has been created in December 2012. Negotiations are currently being made, including option agreement, exclusive practice right, conflict of interest, etc. Impacts 1) Wire-guided droplet PCR technology have been applied for veterinary diagnostics (influenza A) and blood infection, which is very fast and works with blood and tissue samples. A handheld prototype is currently being developed. A PCT application has been filed. 2) A novel method of creating ensemble nanotextured surfaces have been applied to not only endothelial cells, but also fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Controllable surfaces, using different types of polymer/nanofiber coatings and electrowetting technology, are also being developed towards creating better cardiovascular devices. 3) A simple paper microfluidics and smartphone-based optical detection is being considered for water quality monitoring (Cryptosporidium and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) and food safety application (Salmonella). Hawaii (University Hawaii) Some accomplishments from the University Hawaii were presented at the meeting by Dr. Daniel M. Jenkins (Table 1). A summary of these accomplishments and some others at the University is provided below, along with others completed in the lab of Dr Winston Su. Output. Work by Daniel Jenkins' group has focused largely on commercializing a new molecular probe technology for real-time, sequence-specific detection of isothermal nucleic acid amplification, along with a new low-cost, handheld instrument to run and analyze reactions in the field. In parallel, some efforts have focused on developing simple technologies to facilitate the rapid isolation and concentration of disperse biological agents and DNA from the environment to improve the sensitivity of diagnostics for agriculture and food safety. Specific activities/outputs include: 1) With collaborators from USDA-ARS in Riverside CA and Corvallis OR, we have adapted our probe technologies for the simple, rapid detection of the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening organism) directly in tissues of citrus psyllids (the insect vector of the disease), as well as for airborne spores of Erisyphe necator (powdery mildew) in orchards. 2) We have successfully developed and tested new assays for E. coli (species specific assays, and assays specific for O157 strains), and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato), to complement existing assays including a multiplexed typing assay for the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and the food borne pathogen Salmonella enteritidis. 3) We have refined the design of our handheld instrument to improve performance, and are currently engaged in a final redesign to include some primarily cosmetic improvements, with plans to have a prototype of a final commercial design available within several months. 4) We have developed and successfully tested a new handheld, non-instrumented incubator to enrich trace contaminations of E. coli to enable detection with our molecular platform. The new incubator is based on the same principle of Non-instrumented nucleic acid amplification devices reported in previous years. 5) Field evaluation of new technologies was conducted in coordination with the FDA mobile diagnostics lab at a field in Salinas CA, and more recently with a team of Medical Microbiologists with the US Navy in remote clinical laboratories in the Marshall Islands. System performance was generally quite good, except for some incidences of cross contamination between samples. As in results of field trials in a village in Guatemala in the previous year, these findings illustrate the need for ready-to-use kits and greater systems integration especially when used in rudimentary conditions in the field, and have largely informed our objectives for the upcoming year's work. 6) Several agreements related to IP and manufacturing are currently being concluded to begin selling diagnostic kits to commercial entities (ie. not just research use). Details of these agreements are still confidential for the company that has spun off from our work. 7) Results have been disseminated to scientific communities and to the public through a variety of publications, workshops, and especially technology transfer and cross evaluation with collaborators at the USDA, FDA, and Navy. During the same reporting period, the Su lab at the University of Hawaii continued to investigate biosynthesis and applications of protein nano-assemblies, with focus on two molecular platforms: one is based on protein-bound nano-oleosomes, and the other on self-assembled protein nanofibrils. Following the development of a novel method for facile biosynthesis of functional nano-scale oleosomes (discrete cellular organelles with a lipid core surrounded by a protein-embedded phospholipid monolayer) via the expression of oleosin-fusion proteins in oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, engineered nano-oleosomes have been further developed with both cell-targeting and reporting activities, and their ability to target a specific cell type while bring along a unique catalytic function to the surface of the target cells has been demonstrated. With the nanofibril platform, additional studies have been conducted to examine synthesis of hybrid fibrils that display multiple protein and peptide ligands as supramolecular self-functionalized nanostructures using genetic fusion of the protein/peptide functional domains with a fibrillogenic domain from yeast. Impact. The technologies developed in this research are intended to allow rapid detection of agricultural and food-borne pathogens to improve food security and safety. Handheld rapid detection has been identified as a critical need by the USDA for enhancing food safety and implementing effective surveillance programs to exclude harmful pathogens from agricultural settings. In the 2011 annual project meeting for NC-1194 (then NC-1031), commercialization of sensor technologies was identified as being a critical activity as the technologies themselves are rapidly reaching maturity. We have already begun limited sales of molecular detection kits and custom handheld instruments for research use only, and are commercialization of these technologies for food safety and agricultural biosecurity. The work conducted in the Su lab has lead to facile synthesis of novel nano-biomaterials with tunable functionality. These materials offer new possibilities in biocatalysis, biosensing, and tissue engineering applications, and should help advancing food safety, agriculture biosecurity, and biomedical sciences. Illinois (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) Outputs The Bhalerao group continues to work on environmental impact on nanotechnology and has started a new collaboration with members of NC1194 on developing open source bioinstrumentation projects. In the AY 2012-13, two students obtained their MS degrees on the topic of environmental impact of nano tech. They showed that organisms can develop resistance to metal leachates of nanoparticles, and this phenomenon can be replicated by over expressing a single gene. Further the group has developed a novel image analysis platform to automate soil-dwelling pathogens, efforts are underway to commercialize this diagnostic. Impacts: The collaborative bioinstrumentation project will benefit researchers within NC1194 and beyond by developing a set of specifications, schematics and devices for interfacing biosensors with portable computers including modern smartphones. The soil pathogen detection and quantification system is currently being commercialized. Iowa (Iowa State University) OUTPUT The activities during this period included: 1. further development of multiplexing dual-recognition Raman sensing scheme for single step pathogen detection in a nanoDEP microfluidic platform, multiple epitope target detection is achieved at single cell level; 2. The development of nanophotocatalyst for food safety control. 3. Further development of Raman spectroscopic imaging-based characterization of glaucomatous retinal tissues. The Raman imaging technique may serve as the basis for a method to diagnose glaucoma at an early stage, which will greatly benefit glaucoma patients. 4. Further development of a THz spectroscopic detector and an ultrasonic imager for bacterial contamination inside eggs These findings were presented in several peer reviewed conferences and journal articles. OUTCOME/IMPACTS 1) The spectroscopic sensing techniques developed in this project are highly specific, they have the potential to meet the needs in various disciplines for high-accuracy target sensing, including early diagnosis of diseases (i.e., glaucoma), and rapid screening for foodborne pathogens. 2) The development of a nano-enabled antimicrobial biodegradable coating for food safety control utilizes biodegradable films made from soy and corn proteins, and functionalizes them with antimicrobial nanoparticles to improve their mechanical strength and to impart in the film antimicrobial functionality. Cheap coating materials can be made that are antimicrobial and can be used in food processing/food handling places to improve food safety, such as fresh produce and meat processing facilities. 3) The THz spectroscopic and ultrasonic screening of internal bacterial contamination of eggs potentially can significantly reduce contamination-induced losses to poultry husbandry. Michigan (Michigan State University) Accomplishments from Michigan State University were presented at the meeting by Dr. Evangelyn Alocilja (Table 1). For details, please refer to http://www.egr.msu.edu/~alocilja/. A written report is also presented below. Output. Research accomplishments at Michigan State University include the development of a hybrid nanomaterial in the form of magnetic-gold nanoparticles as well as the development of a bio-inspired nanoparticle-based biosensor. We have validated our biosensor in various food matrices (spinach, milk, and apple juice). We have also improved our pathogen extraction techniques. In addition, we have initiated a research program for the development of rapid detection of tuberculosis both in humans and animals. Impact. Dr. Alociljas technologies were featured in the Science of Innovation educational program by the National Science Foundation and the US Patent Office through the NBC Learn as a national resource to encourage and recruit K-12 students to the science fields. The video is entitled Science of Innovation: Anti-Counterfeiting Devices and can be viewed at www.nbclearn.com/innovation/cuecard/62970. This material will impact thousands of K-12 students and teachers not only in the US but also around the world. Dr. Alocilja was also an invited speaker in various professional meetings, allowing the dissemination of her research work to a broader group of researchers and potential users. Furthermore, technology transfer was a continuing activity for Dr. Alocilja as her technologies are being licensed for commercialization by a start-up company, leading to the creation of jobs in Michigan. Missouri (University of Missouri) Output: Research accomplishments at University of Missouri include: 1) Development and use of gold nanoprobes coupled with superparamagnetic beads for rapid detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk by dynamic light scattering; 2) Facile synthesis of Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles with uniform sub-2.5 nm interior nanogaps for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications; 3) Detection of herbicides in drinking water by SERS coupled with gold nanostructures. We have developed a variety of novel nanostructures using gold, silver, and other materials and studied their potential applications in food safety, specifically for rapid detection of chemical and biological contaminants in food matrices. We have disseminated the results to the industry and scientific communities at professional conferences such as IFT, ACS, and IAFP. Impact: This study will help improve public health by quickly detecting biological contaminants in foods and consumers will benefit from improved food safety; Having sensitive and rapid analytical methods would assist regulatory agencies and the food industry to better assess product safety early on and increase public confidence in our food supply. New Jersey (Rutgers University) During reporting period the Paul Takhistov group at Rutgers focused on methods to improve sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors utilizing nano-patterned surfaces. Output: We have developed method to Immobilize biorecognition molecules via self-assembled monolayer on metal oxide nano-structured surface. A method of antibody (Ab) immobilization on a nanoporous aluminum surface for an electrochemical immunosensor is presented. To achieve good attachment and stability of Ab on an aluminum surface, aluminum was silanized with 3-aminopropyltryethoxysilane (APTES), and then covalently cross-linked to self-assembled layers (SALs) of APTES. Both the APTES concentration and the silanization time affected the formation of APTES-SALs as Ab immobilization. The formation of APTES-SALs was confirmed using the water contact angle on the APTES-SALs surface. The reactivity of APTES-SALs with Ab was investigated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Ab-immobilized on the aluminum surface. Silanization of aluminum in 2% APTES for 4 h resulted in higher water contact angles and greater amounts of immobilized Ab than other APTES concentrations or silanization times. More Ab was immobilized on the nanoporous surface than on a planar aluminum surface. Electrochemical immunosensors developed on the nanoporous aluminum via the Ab immobilization method established in this study responded functionally to the antigen concentration in the diagnostic solution. Impacts: Methods for Ab immobilization established in this study are valid for development of an electrochemical immunosensor based on a nanoporous aluminum surface. New York (Cornell University) Efforts have focused on the novel approach of using electrospun nanofibers in microfluidic and lateral flow assay biosensor platforms. Here, studies have looked into using varying polymer materials to function as separation and biodetection modules. Previous work had successfully demonstrated the ability to isolate negatively charged nanovesicles via positively charged polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers out of solution; and selectively discharge them again from the nanofiber mats. Current research focused on using de novo nanofiber mats made from poly lactic acid doped with a variety of functional polymers. Here successful synthesis of nanofibers, fabrication of a lateral flow assay platform and functional analysis were performed. Direct binding assays using antibodies as biorecognition elements were established and a successful sandwich assay for the detection of pathogenic E. coli O157 was demonstrated. The research is summarized in a manuscript submitted to Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry and is currently under review. Future research will focus on further innovative studies of nanofibers in microfluidic and lateral-flow assay biosensor platforms with special emphasis of realizing technologies that are capable of detecting analytes in complex samples. South Carolina (Clemson University) The research team at Clemson University, under Dr. Jeremy Tzeng, has participated in Objective 3 of the proposed project developing nanoscale devices and systems. Their tasks are to develop alternative microbial capturing agents for use in biosensor applications, and to develop microfluidic devices for manipulation of bacterial particle movement. They have evaluated adhesin-specific nanoparticals, including gold, silver, and iron-oxide as well as GREEN nanoparticles, for their bindings to specific microorganisms and for their cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. We have also fabricated AC/DC driven microfluidic devices for focusing, concentrating, trapping, followed by an in-line RF sensor for detection, enumeration, and differentiation of viable and non-viable targets in low number. Seven manuscripts and several conference proceedings have been published during this project year. Utah (Utah State University) Outputs Research activities in this project include: 1) designed and fabricated prototype multiple sensor arrays that can be used for multiple DNA detection, the sensor array performance has been initially evaluated; 2) different versions of microfluidic device have been designed and fabricated; 3) a label free approach has been validated to measure the different mismatched DNA sequences immobilized on individual gold sensor surface; 4) a few ruthenium (II) complex compounds have been tested for DNA binding affinity. Based on the binding affinity, these compounds could be used as probe for DNA detection. Also, the research results were presented to local community through various on campus outreach programs: Biotechnology Summer Academy, Engineering State, and Biological Engineering Summer Internship, etc PIs laboratory has been hosted several high school students annually through these active outreach programs. Outcomes/Impacts The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 155 million people in the United States are at risk of exposure to Cryptosporidium. According to the report from the Bear River Health Department (BRHD), North Logan, Utah, a total of 129 cases were reported in the BRHD District in 2007. Considering these national and local concerns, species-specific rapid detection and identification to various genotypes of Cryptosporidium could be significant to provide a tool to determine the source of the pathogen in a human epidemic and further identification of the source of an outbreak, by distinguishing the DNA sequences that are specific to different species of Cryptosporidium. The ultimate goal of this five-year AES project is to develop a biochip device (or called Lab-on-a-chip) or biosensor instrument that is capable of detecting various genotypes of waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium DNA, which could help the determination of outbreak sources of this waterborne pathogen, water surveillance monitoring, as well as be beneficial to food safety and security for local and national food industry. While we are actively working on the bench lab research on the performance evaluation and validation of multiple DNA detection through this proposed lab-on-a-chip sensor device, we also have been actively working with universitys commercialization office for the technology protection. Several provisional patents have been filed for related sensor and device design and fabrication. Wisconsin (University of Wisconsin) Some accomplishments from the Wisconsin were presented at the meeting by Dr. Sundaram Gunasekaran (Table 1). A summary of these accomplishments is provided below. Output. Work by Gunasekarans group is on visible detection of pathogen and other agents to ensure food safety. Specific activities/outputs include: 1) The development of a nanobiosensor, which gives raise to a color change in the presence/absence of pathogenic bacteria. It is an immunosensor. However, a red-to-purple color change occurs when a bifunctional linker, that is not attached to the target pathogen, binds the gold nanoparticles. 2) In situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles as novel time-temperature indicator for food quality monitoring. We have been synthesizing gold nanoparticles from hydrogen tetrachloroaurate, a gold precursior, in the presence of gelatin, a food protein, which both acts as a reluctant and a stabilizer. Using this nanoreactor system we have been developing a novel nanomaterial-based thermal history indicator (nTHI).The color of nTHIs begins to change and continues to become more intense with storage time; providing an indirect colorimetric indication of food quality as it is affected by storage time and temperature suitablefor real-time, continual monitoring of thermal history of foods to help track temperature abuse and ensure food safety during post-harvest handling, transportation, and storage. 3) Electrochemical biosensors to detect toxins in complex food matrices. We have been synthesizing various nanostructures (graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes etc.). By employing enzymatic, non-enzymatic, and immunosensing approaches, we are pursuing detection of various analytes including glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, and toxins. Impact. These systems have proven to be highly sensitive. They could potentially be used for on-site detection even at the consumer level. Work plan for the next year: Research by each investigator at each participating institution will continue as funding becomes available. New techniques will be developed for characterizing fundamental nanoscale processes. Self-assembled nanostructures will be designed and characterized. New biosensor devices and systems will be developed and will continue to incorporate microfabrication and nanotechnology. Economic frameworks and environmental and health risk assessments of nanomaterials as applied to food, agriculture and biological systems will continue to be a priority. And finally, educational and outreach materials on nanofabrication, sensing, systems integration and application risk assessment will be developed.

Peer Reviewed Journals: Anderson, M.J., Miller, H.R., and Alocilja, E.C. 2013. PCR-less DNA co-polymerization detection of Shiga like toxin 1 (stx1) in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 42, 581-585. Angus, S.V., Kwon, H.-J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2012. Field-Deployable and Near-Real-Time Optical Microfluidic Biosensors for Single-Oocyst-Level Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum from Field Water Samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14(12): 3295-3304. D.C. Canaday, J.L. Salak-Johnson, A.M. Visconti, X. Wang, K. Bhalerao and R.V. Knox (2013), Effect of variability in lighting and temperature environments for mature gilts housed in gestation crates on measures of reproduction and animal well-being. Journal of Animal Science 91 (3) 1225-36. C. Chai, J. Lee, J. Park, P. Takhistov (2012) Antibody immobilization on a nanoporous aluminum surface for immunosensor development, Applied Surface Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.09.027 Changhoon Chai, Paul Takhistov (2012) Control of the lateral interactions of immobilized proteins using surface nanoporous-patterning , Applied Surface Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.09.008 Fronczek, C.F., You, D.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Single-Pipetting Microfluidic Assay Device for Rapid Detection of Salmonella from Poultry Package. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 40(1): 342-349. Gajaraj S.; Fan, C.; Lin, M.; Hu, Z. 2013. Quantitative detection of nitrate in water and wastewater by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Environ. Monit. Assess. 185 (7), 5673-5681. Gamboa, J.R., Mohandes, S., Tran, P.L., Slepian, M.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Linear Fibroblast Alignment on Sinusoidal Wave Micropatterns. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 104: 318-325. Han, Z., Madzak, C., Su, W.W. 2013. Tunable nano-oleosomes derived from engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 110(3), 702-710. Kadam, D. M., M. Thunga, S. Wang, M. R. Kessler, D. Grewell, B. Lamsal, Chenxu Yu, Preparation and Characterization of Whey Protein Isolate Films Reinforced with Porous Silica Coated Titania Nanoparticles, Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 133-140, 2013. Kubota, R., P. LaBarre, B. H. Weigl, and D. M. Jenkins. 2013. Molecular diagnostics in a teacup: non-instrumented nucleic acid amplification (NINA) for rapid, low cost detection of Salmonella enterica. Chinese Science Bulletin. 58(1):1-7. Liang, P.-S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Optofluidic Lab-on-a-chip Monitoring of Subsurface Bacterial Transport, Biological Engineering Transactions. 6(1): 17-28. Featured in ASABE Publications. Lim S, S Gunasekaran, J-Y Imm. 2012. Gelatin-templated gold nanoparticles as novel time-temperature indicator. J Food Science 77(9):N45-49. Liu, B., Zhou, P.*, Liu, X.M., Sun, X., Li, H., Lin, M. 2013. Detection of pesticides in fruits by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanostructures. Food and Bioprocess Technology 6(3), 710-718. Marrero, G., K. L. Schneider, D. M. Jenkins, and A. M. Alvarez. 2013. Phylogeny and classification of Dickeya based on multilocus sequence analysis. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. (In Press). McCracken, K.E., Tran, P.L., You, D.J., Slepian, M.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Shear- vs. Nanotopography-Guided Control of Growth of Endothelial Cells on RGD-Nanoparticle-Nanowell Arrays. Journal of Biological Engineering, 7: 11. McGraw, S., Alocilja, E.C.*, Senecal, A.G., and Senecal, K.J. 2012. Synthesis of a Functionalized Polypyrrole Coated Electrotextile for Use in Biosensors. Biosensors, 2(4), 465-478. McGraw, S., Alocilja, E.C., Senecal, K.J., and Senecal, A.G. 2012. A Resistance Based Biosensor That Utilizes Conductive Microfibers for Microbial Pathogen Detection. Open Journal of applied Biosensors, 1, 36-43. Packard, M.M., Shusteff, M., and Alocilja, E.C. 2012. Sample Preparation by On-Chip Dielectrophoretic Separation and Concentration of Viable, Non-Viable and Viable but Not Culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli. In Proceedings of NSTI Nanotech 2012: Bio Sensors, Instruments, Medical, Environment and Energy, 3, 21-24. ISBN 978-1-4665-6276-9 . Packard, M.M., Shusteff, M. and Alocilja, E.C. 2012. Novel, rapid DNA-based on-chip bacterial identification system combining dielectrophoresis and amplification-free fluorescent resonance energy transfer assisted in-situ hybridization (FRET-ISH). Biosensors, 2(4), 405-416. Packard, M.M., Wheeler, E.K., Alocilja, E.C., and Shusteff, M. 2013. Performance evaluation of fast microfluidic thermal lysis of bacteria for diagnostic sample preparation. Diagnostics, 3(1), 105-116. Patel, S., D. Showers, P. Vedantam, T.-R. Tzeng, S. Qian and X. Xuan (2012). "Continuous-flow separation of live and dead yeasts using reservoir-based dielectrophoresis (rDEP)." Bulletin of the American Physical Society 57. Patel, S., D. Showers, P. Vedantam, T.-R. Tzeng, S. Qian and X. Xuan (2012). "Microfluidic separation of live and dead yeast cells using reservoir-based dielectrophoresis." Biomicrofluidics 6: 034102. P. Poisson and K. Bhalerao (2013) Hidden hysteresis  population dynamics obscures gene network dynamics. Journal of Biological Engineering Vol. 7, No. 16. Song, X.; Li, R.; Li, H.; Hu, Z.Q.; Mustapha, A.; Lin, M. 2013. Characterization and quantification of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in foods. Food and Bioprocess Technology. In press. Song, X.; Li, H.; Al-Qadiri, H.M.; Lin, M. 2013. Detection of herbicides in drinking water by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanostructures. Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization. In press. Stemple, C.C., Angus, S.V., Park, T.S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Smartphone-Based Optofluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Detecting Pathogens from Blood, JALA - Journal of Laboratory Automation, (In Press). A. Stirling, J.D. Tabara, K. Bhalerao and S. Pauwels (2012), Risk Assessment and Sustainability of Synthetic Biology for Agriculture. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development. Invited article (with honorarium) for a special issue on Synthetic Biology. Su, W.W. and Han, Z. 2013. Self-assembled synthetic protein scaffolds: biosynthesis and applications. ECS Trans. 50(28): 23-29. Subroy, V., D. Gimenez, P. Takhistov. (2012). "On Determining Aggregate Bulk Density by Displacement in Two Immiscible Liquids." Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76(4): 1212-1216 M. J. Tang, G. D. McEwen, Y. Wu, C. D. Miller, A. Zhou, "Characterization and analysis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and their co-culture mixtures by Raman microspectroscopy, FT-IR, and atomic force microscopy", Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013, 405, 15771591. Tran, P.L., Gamboa, J.R., McCracken, K.E., Riley, M.R., Slepian, M.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Nanowell-Trapped Charged Ligand-Bearing Nanoparticle Surfaces - A Novel Method of Enhancing Flow-Resistant Cell Adhesion. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2(7): 1019-1027. Back Cover. Vedantam, P., T.-R. J. Tzeng, A. K. Brown, R. Podila, A. Rao and K. Staley (2012). "Binding of Escherichia coli to functionalized gold nanoparticles." Plasmonics 7(2): 301-308. Wang, F., Y. Raval, H. Chen, T. R. J. Tzeng, J. D. DesJardins and J. N. Anker (2013). "Development of Luminescent pH Sensor Films for Monitoring Bacterial Growth Through Tissue." Advanced healthcare materials. Wang, C., Chenxu Yu, Detection of chemical pollutant in water using gold nanoparticles as sensors: a review, Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 32(1), 1-14, 2013. Wang, Q., S. Grozdanic, M. H. Harper, K. Hamouche, N. Hamouche, H. Kecova, T. Lazic and C. Yu, Detection and characterization of glaucoma-like canine retinal tissues using Raman spectroscopy, Journal of Biomedical Optics, 18(6), 067008, 2013. Wang, C., C. G. Yoo, Chenxu Yu, T. Kim, Raman Spectroscopic characterization of Photonanocatalyst Aided Alkaline Pretreated Corn Stover biomass, Advanced Materials Research, (In Press). Wang Y-C, S Gunasekaran. 2012. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of gold nanoparticle nucleation and growth mechanisms using gelatin as a stabilizer. J Nanoparticle Research 14(10):1200. Wang, Y., and Alocilja, E.C. 2012. Sensor Technologies for Anticounterfeiting. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 36(4), 291-304. Wu, H. T., D. M. Li, B. W. Zhu, J. H. Cheng, J. J. Sun, F. L. Wang, Y. Yang, Y. K. Song, and C. Yu, Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase from the gut of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas, Fisheries Science, 79(3), 477-485, 2013. Xuan, P., Y. Zhang, T.-r. J. Tzeng, X.-F. Wan and F. Luo (2012). "A quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR) study on glycan array data to determine the specificities of glycan-binding proteins." Glycobiology 22(4): 552-560. Yang J, JR Strickler, S Gunasekaran. 2012. Indium tin oxide-coated glass modified with reduced graphene oxide sheets and gold nanoparticles as disposable working electrodes for dopamine sensing in meat samples. Nanoscale 4(15): 4594-4602. Yang, J., B. Zhu, J. Zhang, L. Sun, D. Zhou, X. Ding, and C. Yu, Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation by oyster glycogen sulfated at C-6 position. Carbohydrate Polymers, 94, 301-308, 2013. Yasuhara-Bell, J., R. Kubota, D. M. Jenkins, and A. Alvarez. Loop-mediated amplification of the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis micA gene is highly specific. Phytopathology (In Press). Yoo, C. G., C. Wang, C. Yu, T. H. Kim, Enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis and lignin removal of corn stover using photocatalyst-assisted ammonia pretreatment, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 169, 1648-1658, 2013. You, D.J., Park, T.S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Cell-Phone-Based Measurement of TSH Using Mie Scatter Optimized Lateral Flow Assays. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 40(1): 180-185. Zeng, J., C. Chen, P. Vedantam, V. Brown, T.-R. J. Tzeng and X. Xuan (2012). "Three-dimensional magnetic focusing of particles and cells in ferrofluid flow through a straight microchannel." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 22(10): 105018. Zeng, J., Y. Deng, P. Vedantam, T.-R. Tzeng and X. Xuan (2013). "Magnetic separation of particles and cells in ferrofluid flow through a straight microchannel using two offset magnets." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Zhang, Z.; Lin, M.; Zhang, S.; Vardhanabhuti, B. 2013. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk by dynamic light scattering coupled with superparamagnetic beads and gold nanoprobes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (19), pp 45204525. Zhang, Z.; Kong, F.; Vardhanabhuti, B.; Mustapha, A.; Lin, M. 2012. Detection of engineered silver nanoparticle contamination in pears. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60(43), 1076210767. Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Lin, M. 2013. Facile synthesis of Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles with uniform sub-2.5 nm interior nanogaps. Chemical Communications. In press. Conference Proceedings (Peer-Reviewed) Park, T.S., Harshman, D.K., Fronczek, C.F., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Smartphone Detection of Escherichia coli from Wastewater Utilizing Paper Microfluidics. The 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2013), Freiburg, Germany, 27-31 October 2013, accepted (oral). Fronczek, C.F., Park, T.S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Paper Microfluidic Extraction of Bacterial and Viral Nucleic Acid from Field and Clinical Samples towards a Direct MicroTAS Apparatus. The 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2013), Freiburg, Germany, 27-31 October 2013, accepted (poster). Harshman, D.K., Reyes, R., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Direct Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Bloodstream Infection by PCR Using Wire-Guided Droplet Manipulation (WDM). The 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (MicroTAS 2013), Freiburg, Germany, 27-31 October 2013, accepted (poster). Conference Abstracts Harshmann, D.K., Reyes, R., You, D.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2012. Device for Near-Instant Diagnosis of Clinical Infection by Convective Droplet Thermocycling and 16s rRNA Hybervariable Region Probes. BMES 2012 Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 24-27 October, 2012. Park, T.S., Li, W., McCracken, K.E., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Paper Microfluidics Detection of Salmonella Using a Smartphone. 2013 Annual Meeting of IBE, Raleigh, NC, 7-9 March 2013. Harshman, D.K., Reyes, R., Park, T.S., You, D.J., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Extremely Fast Nucleic Acid Amplification by Droplet Manipulation for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Blood Infection. 2013 Annual Meeting of IBE, Raleigh, NC, 7-9 March 2013. Liang, P-S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens within Meat Utilizing a Smartphone Biosensor. 2013 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Kansas City, MO, 21-24 July 2013. Liang, P.-S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Using Biosensor in Secondary Education Curriculum to Improve Students Interest and Awareness of Science, Engineering, and Current Worldwide Issues. 2013 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Kansas City, MO, 21-24 July 2013. Park, T.S., Li, W., Liang, P.-S., Yoon, J.-Y. 2013. Paper Microfluidics Detection of Salmonella Using a Smartphone. 2013 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Kansas City, MO, 21-24 July 2013. Yu, C., Q. Wang,* E. Campos,*K. Hamouche. Evaluating meat quality using Raman spectroscopy. 3rd World Congress of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China, (September 23-25, 2013). Yu, C., Raman biosensors for multiplex screening of food pathogens, Emerging Technologies Symposium, International Association for Food Protection (IAFP), Charlotte, NC, (July 30, 2013) Wang, C., C. Yu, F. R. Madiyar, J. Li, Nano-dielectrophoresis chip integrated with Raman spectroscopic self-referencing detection of foodborne pathogens. 3rd International Conference on Bio-sensing Technology, Sitges, Spain (May 12-15, 2013) Patents: Gunasekaran S, Lim S. 2012. Nanoreactors as Time-Temperature Indicators (US Patent Provisional Application No. 61/374,127). Participants 1. Individuals: Jeong-Yeol Yoon (PI); Tu San Park (post-doc); Jessica R. Gamboa, Pei-Shih Liang, Christopher F. Fronczek, Dustin K. Harshman, Scott V. Angus, Cayla Baynes, Ariana M. Nicolini, Wenyue Li (graduate students); Katherine E. McCracken, Wenyue Li, Samir Mohandes, Roberto Reyes, Lily Walsh, Ariana Nicolini, Scott Brechbiel, Michael Bollig, Erin Cahill, Soohee Cho (undergraduate students). 2. Partner organization: Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency (QIA), South Korea. 3. Collaborators: Jae-Young Song (QIA), Marvin J. Slepian (University of Arizona College of Medicine). 4. Chenxu Yu, Assistant Professor, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 5. Tong Wang, Professor, Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition 6. David Grewell, Associate professor, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 7. Buddhi Lamsal, Assistant Professor, Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition 8. Chien-Ping Chiou, Associate Scientist, Center for non-destructive evaluation 9. Qi Wang, Graduate Student, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 10. Chao Wang, Graduate student, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 11. Karl Hamouche, undergraduate student, Iowa State University, Department of Biomedical sciences 12. Shaowei Ding, undergraduate student, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 13. Muhua Liu, visiting scholar, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 14. Dattatreya Kadam, postdoc, Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 15. Linxing Yao, postdoc, Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition