Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Chair: Rob Wilson Secretary: Lorie Ewing Call to Order: Rob Wilson called the meeting to order at 11:00 am. Introductions: Attendees introduced themselves. An attendance list is included. Approval of Agenda and Minutes: A motion to accept the 2012 minutes and the current agenda was made by Mark Pavek and seconded by Creighton Miller. The motion passed unanimously. NIMSS Update: Donn Thill was unable to attend due to weather conditions, but sent an email reminding everyone that the duration of WERA027 is October 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015. Any discussion of termination of the project should keep this in mind. He also included information from NIMSS appendix A relating to the health of a project, with a recommendation to carefully weigh the advantages of keeping the project against reasons to terminate the project. State Reports: The complete written state reports for Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Texas and Colorado are in an attachment. Oregon, Washington, and Idaho: Reports were presented in the Tri-State Meeting. These states did not have any new to report. ARS/Prosser: Chuck Brown reported on Columbia Root Knot Nematode. Washington had a very hot summer with higher than average night temperatures. There is some indication that the gene for resistance breaks down under high night temperatures. They will check this with further studies. He also reported on PVY resistance in the breeding material using a marker. He concluded there is a penalty in quality for selecting resistance and that we tend to over-select for sensitivity to PVY when looking at other factors. Last season Mop Top was found in the field. 70% of symptomatic tubers tested positive and 30% of asymptomatic tubers tested positive for Mop Top. Chuck also talked about some phyto-nutrient work and selecting for super high levels of carotenoids. California: Rob Wilson presented the California Report. Two variety trials were conducted in the state, at Tulelake and the Bakersfield area. These included a second year variety management trial with Classic Russet looking at fertilizers and bruising; and a new study looking at timely vine kill and soil moisture on yields of Classic Russet. Reports will be out soon. Texas: Creighton Miller presented this report. Out of 67,000 seedlings, Texas had 507 selections. Texas had a successful field day with people from Canada to Mexico coming to learn about Zebra Chip. Zebra Chip has been the main focus recently with $1.6 million in funding coming from the state; however this past year that amount was cut in half. They have found varying degrees of resistance to Zebra Chip. Creighton reported Russet Norkotah selections 112, 278 and 296 have done well and are now the number third or fourth highest in acreage of certified seed. ATTX961014-1R/Y has been submitted for PVP as Sierra Rose. Colorado Report: Dave Holm presented this report. Three selections to be named are AC99329-7PW/Y (Masquerade), CO99053-3RU (Crestone Russet), CO99100-1RU (name to be determined). PVMI Report: Jeanne Debons presented the PVMI report during the Tri-State meetings and did not have anything new to report. Results were reported for the 2012 Western Regional Trials. Early and Late Trials: Rich Novy presented these results. A01010-1 has some merit. A02507-2LB is resistant to Late Blight and cold sweetening resistant. AO02183-2 is a very nice clone, but has high glycoalkaloids. PA00N14-2 has small, long tuber size, resistant to Corky Ringspot. AO00057-2 has limited seed available. Post Harvest Results: Rick Knowles presented the post-harvest results. A02138-2, A02507-2LB, AO02183-2 and AO96305-3 had the highest overall rating. A01010-1 had only 24% Blackspot bruising compared to Ranger Russet with 100%. AO02183-2 had good heat tolerance, but high levels of glycol-alkaloids. Regional Chipping Trial: Presented by Dave Holm. A00188-3C and CO02321-4W had better chip color than the standards. Acrylamide and asparagine in the chipping process was discussed. Red/Specialty Trial: Presented by Jeff Koym. Yukon Gold had low yields. OR04131-2 had highest yields. Red LaSoda had a high percentage of Hollow Heart in Colorado and California. So did COTX01403-4RY and CO04013-1WY. CO04013-1WY also had high levels of Internal Brown Spot in Texas. Disposition of Entries: Russet Trials: The following entries graduated from the Western Regional Russet trial: A01010-1, AO00057-2, AO96305-3, PA00N14-2. The following entries were advanced into the Western Regional Russet Trial from the Tri-State Trial: A02424-83LB, AO01114-4, OR05039-4, POR06V12-3. The following entry was advanced into the Early Russet Trial from the Tri-State Trial: A02062-1TE. The returning and new entries include: Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, A02138-2, A02507-2LB, A03158-2TE, AC00395-2RU, AO02060-3, CO03187-1RU, CO03276-5RU, A02062-1TE, CO04220-7RUCO04233-1RU, AOTX98152-3RU. AO02183-2 may be returned if TGA results are acceptable. Roy Navarre will try to get tests done before seed is shipped. The Early Trial has 15 entries and the Late Trial has 13 entries. New entries seed will be supplied by the state. Returning entries seed will be supplied by Oregon. Red/Specialty Trials: The following entries graduated from the Western Regional trial: CO00291-5R, OR04131-2, COTX01403-4R/Y, POR05PG56-1, OR04036-5. Returning and new entries include: Dark Red Norland, Red LaSoda, Yukon Gold, CO04021-2R/Y, CO04013-1W/Y, AC03534-2R/Y, CO04067-8R/Y, NDTX5438-11R. Chip Trials: The following entry graduated from the Western Regional trial: A01143-3C and will be fast tracked. The following entries were advanced into the Western Regional Chipping Trial from the Tri-State Trial: A00188-3C, AC03433-1W, and CO03243-3W. The returning and new entries include: Atlantic, Chipeta, A00188-3C, AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, CO03243-3W, AC00206-2W, AC03452-2W. Seed Supply and Shipping List: Seed supplies and shipping lists were discussed. Brian Charlton will send out a list of available seed. He plans to start packing Feb 10, so would like requests soon. TX and CO will send out seed of their new lines. Discussion of appropriate checks for Red lines  decided Chieftain will replace Dark Red Norland as a check. We may have to buy seed to have enough. Discussion of Standardized Data Reporting Format: There was some discussion via emails and at Tri-State meetings. Is it better to use diameter or weight for specialty lines? Some states use mechanization by weight, others by hand. Some companies use sizers (diameter). Additional Business: Discussion regarding trial coordination of Red Specialty varieties. Brian Charlton and Mark Pavek decided Oregon and Washington would not be able to participate in these trials due to financial constraints. 2014 Meeting Date and Location: The 2014 meeting site will be in Kennewick, WA on the Monday before the WA/OR potato conference. Election of Secretary: Tom Drader was elected Secretary. Meeting was adjourned at 1:20 pm

California: In California, russet, red, white, and specialty potatoes are planted or harvested almost every day of the year. California harvested potato acreage totaled 38,300 in 2012. California currently lacks a public potato breeding program and instead works closely with the Southwest and Western Regional programs for breeding stock and advance selections. Work in Tulelake included evaluation of 78 advance selections in three replicated trials in 2012. Verticillium wilt susceptibility screening was conducted on all Western Region selections in Tulelake. Horticultural evaluations at Tulelake in 2012 focused on determining nitrogen fertilization recommendations for advanced selections and released entries. Multiple potato pest management trials were conducted in Tulelake in 2012. Colorado: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; and (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). The primary emphasis is placed on the development of russet cultivars. The balance of the breeding effort is devoted to developing red, specialty, and chipping cultivars. This broad approach is important because it recognizes the diverse markets accessed by potato growers throughout Colorado and many other states in the region. Seventy-five advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2013 pending results of ongoing evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by Colorado producers in 2012, included 12 russets (CO04211-4RU, CO04220-7RU, CO04233-1RU, AC00395-2RU, CO03187-1RU, CO03202-1RU, CO03276-4RU, CO03276-5RU, AC99375-1RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, and CO99100-1RU), 4 reds (CO04159-1R, CO00291-5R, CO99076-6R, and CO99256-2R), 11 chippers (AC00206-2W, AC03452-2W, AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, CO03243-3W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, and CO00270-7W), and 22 specialties (AC03534-2R/Y, CO04029-5W/Y, CO04067-8R/Y, CO04099-3W/Y, CO04099-4W/Y, CO04188-4R/Y, CO04056-3P/PW, CO04063-4R/R, CO03134-4RF/RW, CO04021-2R/Y, CO04013-1W/Y, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97222-1R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, CO99045-1W/Y, ATC00293-1W/Y, CO00405-1RF, CO00412-5W/Y, and CO00415-1RF). Several selections are being considered for exclusive release. Selections to be named are AC99329-7PW/Y (Masquerade), CO99053-3RU (Crestone Russet), CO99100-1RU (name to be determined). Idaho: Variety Development. In 2012, we completed the release of three new potato varieties including Teton Russet (A0008-1TE), Huckleberry Gold (A99326-1PY) and Palisade Russet (A97066-42LB). Corresponding PVP and PBR applications were also prepared and submitted. Arrangements were made with industry to conduct commercial trials of each of these varieties. We had four russet varieties in the Western Regional Trials in 2012 including A01010-1, A02138-2, A02507-2LB and A03158-2TE. A01010-1 is a high yielding selection with high percent U.S. No. 1s and good blackspot bruise resistance. A02138-2 and A02507-2LB are low acrylamide selections with good processing quality, but A02507-2LB also has resistance to a wide range of diseases including late blight, PVY, black dot and pink rot. A03158-2TE was a top yielding selection in both the early and late regional trials with excellent culinary quality and shows excellent promise for both fresh pack and processing. We also had 16 russet varieties in the early and late season Tri-State Variety Trials and 7 in the Tri-State Specialty trial. Management Studies. Studies designed to evaluate the responses of 5 of the Tri-State releases to reduced amounts of irrigation were conducted at Aberdeen in 2012. Alpine Russet, Alturas, Clearwater Russet, Premier Russet Umatilla Russet and Russet Burbank were irrigated during the growing season at; 100% ET, 75% ET, or 50% ET. Response to Reduced Pesticide Application. Studies were conducted in 2012 as part of an ISDA-SCBG research project at Parma and Aberdeen to evaluate the potential for reducing pesticide rates on new varieties from the Tri-State. Varieties included in this study were Alpine Russet, Alturas, Clearwater Russet, Premier Russet and Umatilla Russet, and Russet Burbank. Results have continued to show that pesticide rates for most of these varieties can be reduced substantially in comparison to Russet Burbank. Management Guidelines. Cultural and storage management guidelines were developed for Teton Russet and Palisade Russet and were posted on the PVMI website. Cultural management guidelines were also developed for Huckleberry Gold. In addition, an extension bulletin addressing storage management for Blazer Russet was published in 2012. Oregon: The OR variety development program (OVDP) plays key role in the Tri-State potato variety development program. The OVDP consists of four cooperating research sites: Department of Crop and Soil Science (CSS), Corvallis; Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center (HAREC), Hermiston; Klamath Basin Research and Extension Center (KBREC), Klamath Falls; and Malheur Experiment Station (MES), Ontario. All sites participate in early-generation selection and conduct preliminary and advanced testing of clones. In addition, each OR site provides unique services to the program including screening for disease, and other resistances, productivity, seed increases and quality evaluations that are unique to each production area. Oregon statewide trials included 25 russet, 6 chipping and 6 specialty clones. Of these clones 8 russet clones were promising and will be evaluated further in advanced trials. None of the chipping and specialty clones were selected for advanced testing because of their poor performance compared to the checks. Four russet and three specialty clones were evaluated in regional trials of which two russet clones (AO00057-2 and AO02060-3) will be retained for further evaluation in 2013. Commercial interest will be solicited for OR04131-2, POR05PG56-1 and OR04036-5 to see if continued testing is warranted. These clones have completed three years of Regional evaluation. In the Tri-state trials, four russet clones and seven specialty clones were evaluated and all the four russet types and three of seven specialty clones were selected for advanced testing. Texas: 67,193 first year seedlings, resulting from 647 different parental combination or families (crosses), were grown for selection on the Barrett Farm (32,549) near Springlake and on the CSS Farm (34,644) near Dalhart. 507 original selections were made. 39 clones were intercrossed at Lubbock to produce 45 families. We received seedlings tubers from the Idaho (4,726), Oregon (18,508), Colorado (18,088), North Dakota (17,184), and new this year Wisconsin (3,247) breeding programs. We grew 5,440 tuberlings in the greenhouse at College Station from true seed and sent tuberlings to Colorado (3,448), Idaho (710), and North Dakota (1,745). Evaluation trials were conducted at Weslaco (winter - December 6 planting, April 14 harvest), Springlake (spring  March 24-31 planting, July 24 and 31 August 2 harvests), and Dalhart (fall  May 7-11 planting, September 3,10,17,18, and October 1 and 7 harvests) 901 advanced selections/new cultivars were tested in 38 separate trials. This involves both planting and harvesting over a six month period. Western Regional Trials were conducted at both Springlake (Chip, Russet and Red/Specialty) and Dalhart (Chip). The Texas Program had four entries in the Western Regional Red/Specialty Trial (ATTX98453-6R, ATTX98468-5R/Y, COTX01403-4R/Y, and ATX03564-1Y/Y). The Texas program had six entries (COTX04015-3AW/Y, AOTX02136-1Ru, ATTX98453-3R, COTX02172-1R, and COTX02293-4R) in the Southwestern Regional Trials. We were a cooperator in the Fast-Track NPC Chip Trial. The Texas Field day was held on July 19 at Springlake, which included attendees from Canada to Mexico. David Holm and Caroline Grey from the Colorado Program were in attendance. A major effort of our program continues to center on our involvement in the SCRI Zebra Chip Project. Emphasis on virus testing and clean-up continued. Virtually all of the russet potatoes grown in Texas in 2012 were the improved Texas Russet Norkotah strains. Over the past several years, Texas recorded the highest summer crop yields in the nation (440-465 Cwt/A) among the 11 states producing a summer crop. In 2011, the three Texas Russet Norkotah selections (TXNS112, TXNS278, and TXNS296) collectively ranked in the fourth position among the top 50 US varieties in acres accepted for seed certification, behind Russet Burbank, Frito-Lay varieties, and Ranger Russet. We applied for PVP for ATTX961014-1R/Y (Sierra Rose). Washington: We developed petiole nitrate recommendations for Alpine Russet, Classic Russet, Sage Russet, Owyhee Russet, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, Umatilla Russet, and Teton Russet, which are designed to maximize economic return in the Columbia Basin. Through a field and taste panel testing, we are in the middle stages of identifying which new fresh pack varieties will bring growers more revenue while satisfying consumers palates. Weve been testing 12 varieties: all Norkotah strains, 6 unnamed clones, Classic Russet, Teton Russet, and Russet Burbank. Thus far two varieties have excelled by providing outstanding economic return with good palatability: A03158-2TE, and Teton Russet. After comparing nine varieties for phosphorous efficiency across two years we found that some varieties are less affected by lack of phosphorous than others, however, all varieties appear to respond positively to the addition of P, when P is deficient. In a taste panel study the major component of the research project is the inclusion of a scientifically sound taste panel. The taste testing will be completed under the supervision of the WSU food lab. The labs procedures are recognized throughout the scientific community as being acceptable to detect differences in the food being tested. Tri-State - ID, WA, OR: From 2009 through 2013, the following potato varieties were officially released by the Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program (also known regionally as the Tri-State Program): Classic Russet (2009), Alpine Russet (2009), Clearwater Russet (2009), Owyhee Russet (2009), Red Sunset (2009), Crimson Red (2009), Purple Pelisse (2009), Sage Russet (2010), AmaRosa (2010), Teton Russet (2011), Palisade Russet (2011), Huckleberry Gold (2011) and Yukon Nugget (2013). All varieties developed by the NWPVD Program have been licensed to the Potato Variety Management Institute (PVMI), a non-profit organization working on behalf of the program to promote and market varieties since 2005. Detailed information about these and other NWPVD varieties can be found at www.pvmi.org. In 2012, the Idaho contingent evaluated the productivity and quality of potato clones in 36 trials at six locations across the southern part of the state. Particular emphasis was placed on selecting for potential new varieties with adaptation to local conditions, dual utility with use in both fresh and processing markets, production efficiencies, and multiple disease resistances. There were also 25 acres of single hills (first field generation) evaluated, totaling approximately 100,000 breeding clones and over 2000, 12-hill (second field generation) selections. The third year of trialing at Aberdeen, Idaho for a tetraploid mapping population in the SolCAP project was completed in 2011, with agronomic, disease, and processing data being utilized to link traits of interest in potato, particularly carbohydrate metabolism, with molecular markers. A subset of 43 clones of the tetraploid SolCAP mapping population and their parents were trialed in 2012 as a component of the SCRI Acrylamide Reduction project to validate SolCAP marker associations for tuber carbohydrate composition. Such markers are used to facilitate the development of low acrylamide potato varieties. In 2012, a National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) was continued for a second year with the support of the potato processing industry and the United States Potato Board and National Potato Council. The purpose of the trial was to evaluate processing varieties and promising breeding clones from the U.S. breeding programs for agronomics in the field as well as levels of sugars, asparagine, and acrylamide from the field and following extended storage. Aberdeen, ID and Othello, WA were two of five trial sites and were overseen by the ID and WA components of the Tri-State program. Preliminary data from the NFPT looks promising for the identification of low acrylamide processing varieties for the potato industry that also meet QSR processing standards. These include five clones (A0012-5, A0073-2, A03921-2, A02507-2LB and A02138-2) from the Tri-State program, which have been selected for seed production fast-tracking in preparation for commercial-scale processing trials. Progress has continued in identifying corky ringspot resistant germplasm that also has desirable yield, quality and tuber appearance characteristics with further evaluations of breeding material in corky ringspot infected fields. In addition, the breeding program is progressing in the evaluation and identification of germplasm with genetic resistances to potato viruses X and Y (PVX, PVY), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), late blight (foliar and tuber), nematodes, potato mop-top virus, zebra chip, and potato psyllid (insect vector for Liberibacter responsible for zebra chip). Research detailing resistance to potato psyllid and possible resistance to Liberibacter in germplasm from the Aberdeen breeding program was published. Research was continued this year to evaluate resistance of the advanced Tri-State selections to powdery scab and black dot. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from the genome of S. etuberosum to aid in the fine mapping and cloning of the Rlretb gene (Kelly et al., 2009). This gene, identified at Aberdeen, ID, is a major gene for resistance to PLRV, a primary virus of potato that causes loss of yield, as well as quality through the development of net necrosis in tubers infected with PLRV. Progress was made in developing molecular markers closely linked to the Rlretb gene. A study, funded by the Tri-State Potato Commissions, also has been initiated by to develop methodology for determining gene dosage of virus and nematode resistance genes. The number of genes present in parental clones can aid potato breeders in designing crosses to facilitate obtaining a larger percentage of resistant progenies. Cold-sweetening resistance is also an objective of the program and Premier Russet and Clearwater Russet are recent examples of our success in this area of research. Such low-sugar varieties also contribute to reductions in acrylamide formation in processed potato products, with reducing sugars being a primary contributor to the formation of acrylamide. In the 2011 NFPT, Premier Russet was the second lowest for acrylamide among named varieties averaged across sample times and sites, reflective of its low tuber sugar levels. The lowest acrylamide variety was Dakota Trailblazer which originated as a seedling tuber from the Aberdeen potato breeding program. Asparagine also contributes to acrylamide formation and the lower asparagine concentrations in Teton Russet provide the industry with an alternative approach for reducing acrylamide levels in processed potato products. Three additional field trials were established in 2012 at Aberdeen, ID and Klamath Falls, OR to facilitate the identification of specialty varieties suitable for the western and eastern growing regions of Idaho. Evaluations of the 18 clones entered into the trial were based on yield, grade, culinary quality and nutritional characteristics. In addition, nine field studies were completed in 2012 to develop management guidelines for new varieties. These studies addressed nitrogen fertilizer requirements, optimal plant spacing and seed piece size, irrigation management and water stress responses, herbicide tolerances and storage management requirements. Management guidelines for the new cultivars were published on the University of Idaho Potato Center and PVMI websites (www.cals.uidaho.edu/potato; www.pvmi.org). Breeding efforts at OSU complement and enhance those of the USDA/ARS programs in Aberdeen, ID and Prosser, WA by incorporating disease and pest resistances using multi-trait genotypic recurrent selection. Molecular techniques have been refined, which should hasten the transfer of desirable genes among varieties and introgression of novel genes from related wild species. Recent collaborations with USDA/ARS faculty at Aberdeen, ID resulted in the combination of PVY, PVX, and pale cyst nematode resistance in a single cross using molecular markers. OSU has recently validated the use of similar markers to screen for resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (CRKN) and late blight Rb genes. An effort to develop Russet-All association mapping panel was initiated in collaboration with other breeding programs across the U.S. This genome-wide association mapping panel will include wild germplasm and elite breeding material which will help in discovery of novel alleles and also to characterize genetic variation more useful for breeding. In 2012, the OSU group conducted 25 field trials in four production regions (Hermiston, Klamath Falls, Ontario, and Corvallis). A total of 50,000 seedling tubers were planted at the Klamath Basin Research & Extension Center (KBREC) with 2.2% retained for further evaluation. Six hundred ninety seven 4-hill (second field generation) selections were planted at Hermiston and Klamath Falls (76% russets; 17% fresh market red, yellow, and specialty types; and 7% chipping) with 151 retained for further evaluation. Eighty 20-hill selections (third field generation) were evaluated in two-replicate trials at Hermiston, Klamath Falls, and Ontario with 24 retained for further evaluation. Approximately, 60,000 seedling tubers were generated in Corvallis greenhouses in 2012 with approximately 70% TPS derived from USDA/ARS Aberdeen, ID crosses and the remainder originating from USDA/ARS Prosser, WA and OSU. The largest seedling tuber (A-size) from each family was reserved for single-hill planting at Klamath Falls. Disease /pest/abiotic stress resistance trials were performed at Corvallis (late blight), Hermiston (Verticillium wilt/early die, PVY, PLRV, and tuber worm), and Klamath Falls (root-knot nematode). As part of the National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT), three additional field trials were established at the Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center (HAREC) to evaluate chipping clones for the Columbia Basin. During 2012, the Washington contingent conducted 33 field trials in the Columbia Basin and western Washington including variety trials, stand establishment, fertility, intra- and inter-row spacing, heat stress, and seed productivity studies. Economic evaluations of Tri-State and Regional clones were completed and many clones produced higher returns than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet. Postharvest storage, processing quality, and culinary evaluations were completed for the 2012 trials. Washington State University researchers evaluated retention of postharvest quality of russet entries in the late season management trials from all sites across the tri-state region. Tubers from the Tri-State and Regional cooperative trials were stored at three temperatures and evaluated for resistance to low temperature sweetening, fry color, texture, consumer preference, dormancy, reconditioning ability, rot resistance, and tuber specific gravity. The more advanced late regional trial entries were also screened to identify those with inherently low levels of asparagine.

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