SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: WERA_OLD43 : Establishing Bio-Intensive Pest Management Programs for Western Orchard Systems
- Period Covered: 09/01/2001 to 10/01/2002
- Date of Report: 09/09/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 10/23/2002 to 10/25/2002
Participants
Brunner,Jay(jfb@wsu.edu)-Washington State University; Arthur,Agnello-Cornell University; Brown,John (brownjj@mail.wsu.edu)-Washington State University; Pszczolkowski,M.A.-Washington State University; Gut,Larry-Michigan State University; Dunley,John(dunleyj@wsu.edu)-Washington State University; Hull,Larry-Pennsylvania State University; Landolt,Peter(landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov)-USDA-ARS Yakima; Millar,Jocelyn(jocelyn.millar@ucr.edu)-U C Riverside; Mills,Nick-U C Berkeley; Harvey,Reissig-Cornell University; Helmut,Riedl-Oregon State University; Shearer,Peter-Rutgers University; Van Steenwyk,Robert-U C Berkeley; Welter,Stephen-U C Berkeley; Judd,Gary-Agriculture Canada, Summerland; Carde,Ring-U C Riverside; Thistlewood,Howard-Agriculture Canada, Summerland; Jones,Vince(vpjones@wsu.edu)-Washington State University; Varela,Lucia-U C Davis; Light,Doug-USDA-ARS Albany.
The 2002 WCC-43 meeting was held from Oct 23-25 in Riverside California. Twenty members were in attendance, 6 from California, 6 from Washington, 1 from Oregon, 2 from Canada and 5 from the eastern United States. Discussion centered on the major areas of cooperative research large-scale implementation projects, mating disruption, monitoring, semiochemicals, and attract and kill, management of true bugs, new insecticides. There was general agreement to hold the 2003 meeting at an eastern US location to facilitate more interaction and planning with eastern entomologists working on similar programs and problems. Dr. Larry Gut, Michigan State University was identified as the contact person and agreed to host the meeting at his institution. There was discussion about the new proposal and some additional sections, specifically an educational plan and administrative organization needed to be added to the proposal. Dr. Jay Brunner agreed to work with Dr. John Brown to accomplish the needed revisions and submit the new proposal to the western Directors for approval
[Minutes]
Accomplishments
1. The Areawide II project funded by federal grants demonstrated that alternatives to organophosphate (OP) insecticides in supplementing pheromone-based management programs in apple and pear were as effective and about the same cost as OP based programs.
2. The evaluation of different pheromone dispensing systems (hand-applied dispensers) provided the fruit industry with unbiased information on the behavior of these products. This allows growers and crop consultants to make a better determination of which products best fit their situation and which are performing according to advertised claims.
3. Several scientists reported the evaluation of sprayable pheromone formulations. In most cases these formulations are releasing very low rates of pheromone for very short periods of time. This information is being made available to the companies making sprayable pheromones in the hope that they could improve their performance.
4. Scientists compared results of evaluations of new insecticides for control of key orchard pests. The results of bioassays establish base-line data for future assessments of resistance development. Efficacy of new insecticides for different pests that was shared at the meeting helps different states to prepare the best recommendations for use of products when they are registered. The unbiased evaluation of pesticides provides stakeholders with reliable information about the relative efficacy of different products and how they affect different pests.
5. Scientists reported some preliminary information on the effects of insecticides on selected natural enemies common to western orchard environments. These data will help form the basis of recommendations on how to use new, and old, pesticides so that natural enemies are conserved.
6. Canadian colleagues reported on the efforts to use sterile male releases and mating disruption to manage codling moth in British Columbia. This program has provided some valuable insights into the populations changes of codling moth existing at low levels in orchard-urban interfaces. The combination of mating disruption and sterile release of codling moth seems to be a powerful tool in reducing populations of this pest but the costs seem high.
7. Investigations into the mechanisms of how pheromones affect moths have helped our understanding of this pest control tactic. The results show that every pest responds to its own pheromone to different degrees and this seems to be the main clue as to how effective mating disruption is against the pest. The impact is that by understanding better the mechanisms of how pheromones affect pests the better we can design formulations for control purposes.
8. Educational programs were planned for the fall and winter of 2002-03 to extend the knowledge represented in the WCC-43 group. The plan was to combine forces and travel to different locations, Oregon, Washington and California, to summarize the knowledge gained through collective research efforts. The impact on stakeholders will be to provide them with the best up to date information on new technologies and more importantly how to integrate these diverse technologies into the best management program for their situation.
2. The evaluation of different pheromone dispensing systems (hand-applied dispensers) provided the fruit industry with unbiased information on the behavior of these products. This allows growers and crop consultants to make a better determination of which products best fit their situation and which are performing according to advertised claims.
3. Several scientists reported the evaluation of sprayable pheromone formulations. In most cases these formulations are releasing very low rates of pheromone for very short periods of time. This information is being made available to the companies making sprayable pheromones in the hope that they could improve their performance.
4. Scientists compared results of evaluations of new insecticides for control of key orchard pests. The results of bioassays establish base-line data for future assessments of resistance development. Efficacy of new insecticides for different pests that was shared at the meeting helps different states to prepare the best recommendations for use of products when they are registered. The unbiased evaluation of pesticides provides stakeholders with reliable information about the relative efficacy of different products and how they affect different pests.
5. Scientists reported some preliminary information on the effects of insecticides on selected natural enemies common to western orchard environments. These data will help form the basis of recommendations on how to use new, and old, pesticides so that natural enemies are conserved.
6. Canadian colleagues reported on the efforts to use sterile male releases and mating disruption to manage codling moth in British Columbia. This program has provided some valuable insights into the populations changes of codling moth existing at low levels in orchard-urban interfaces. The combination of mating disruption and sterile release of codling moth seems to be a powerful tool in reducing populations of this pest but the costs seem high.
7. Investigations into the mechanisms of how pheromones affect moths have helped our understanding of this pest control tactic. The results show that every pest responds to its own pheromone to different degrees and this seems to be the main clue as to how effective mating disruption is against the pest. The impact is that by understanding better the mechanisms of how pheromones affect pests the better we can design formulations for control purposes.
8. Educational programs were planned for the fall and winter of 2002-03 to extend the knowledge represented in the WCC-43 group. The plan was to combine forces and travel to different locations, Oregon, Washington and California, to summarize the knowledge gained through collective research efforts. The impact on stakeholders will be to provide them with the best up to date information on new technologies and more importantly how to integrate these diverse technologies into the best management program for their situation.
Impacts
- Several scientists have worked with the kairomone referred to as the DA lure. This plant volatile has been shown to be attractive to both sexes of codling moth. Its use in monitoring orchards varies depending on the type, that is walnut > apple > pear. The development of this attractant as well as research on other non-pheromone attractants for monitoring moth pests holds a promise of more reliable and efficient monitoring system for use in pheromone treated orchards.
- The biology, behavior and management of several true bug species were reported. An understanding of the behavior and biology has helped in the development of better monitoring protocols and management strategies. A knowledge of how different plants, both in an outside the orchard, support true bug pests has helped to develop concepts of ground cover and near-orchard habitat management for these pests.
- The propagation of wild rose and strawberry gardens near to orchards that provides a reservoir for alternative hosts for leafroller parasites was shown to increase parasitism of orchard leafroller pests. Several growers in different locations are planting these gardens as a means of enhancing and conserving leafroller biological control agents near orchards but away from harmful or disruptive pesticide applications.
- The eastern entomologists that attended the meeting provided insights into specific problems they face in managing pests without the use of OP insecticides. They have a federally funded RAMP project that has many objectives in common with the western research projects. Plans were developed to hold the 2003 meeting in an eastern location where additional exchange of ideas and collaborative planning could occur.
Publications
Stelinski, L.L. L.J. Gut & J.R. Miller. 2003. Concentration of air-borne pheromone required for long-lasting peripheral adaptation in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Physiol. Entomol. 28:97-107
Stelinski, L.L. J.R. Miller & L.J. Gut. 2003. Presence of long-lasting peripheral adaptation in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana and absence of such adaptation in the redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 403-422.
Waldstein, D.W. & L.J. Gut. 2003. Comparison of microcapsule density with various apple tissues and formulations of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) sprayable pheromone. J. Econ. Entomol. 96:58-63.
Pszczolkowski, M.A., L.F. Matos, S.M. Bushman, and J. J. Brown. 2001. Feeding enhancements for insecticide targeting neonate lepidopteran larvae. In: Procceding of the 6th.International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals ISAA (Ed: Ruiter, H.) ISAA 2001 Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp 420-424.
Pszczolkowski, M., L.F.Matos, S.M.Bushman, and John J. Brown. 2001. Effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on feeding in economically important insect pest. Acta Neurobiologiae experimentalis 61:237.
Pszczolkowski M.A. and Brown J.J. 2002. Prospects of monosodium glutamate use for enhancement of pesticides toxicity against the codling moth. Phytoparasitca 30: 243-252.
Pszczolkowski, M., Matos, L., Zahand, A. and Brown, J. J. 2002. Effect of monosodium glutamate on apple leaf consumption by codling moth larvae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 103: 91-98.
Pszczolkowski, M.A., Matos, L.F., Brown, R., and Brown, J.J. 2002. Feeding and development of codling moth larvae on apple leaves. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95:603-607.
Pszczolkowski, M., Zahand, A., Bushman, S.M., and Brown J. J. Effects of calcium and glutamate receptor antagonists on leaf consumption by lepidopteran neonates. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 74: 389-394. 2003.
Pszczolkowski M.A. and J. J. Brown. 2003. Chilling affects allatal cell proliferation via antennae and protocerebral neurons in the cockroach Diploptera punctata. J. Insect Physiol. 49: 123-129.
Pszczolkowski, M. A. and J. J. Brown. Effect of sugars and non-nutritive sugar substitutes on consumption of apple leaves by codling moth neonates. (accepted Feb 2003) Phytoparasitica. 2003.
McBrien, H. M., J.G. Millar, L. Gottlieb, X. Chen, and R.E. Rice. 2001. Male produced sex attractant pheromone of the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27:1821-1839.
Ho, H.-Y. and J.G. Millar. 2001. Identification and synthesis of male-produced sex pheromone components of the stink bugs Chlorochroa ligata and Chlorochroa uhleri. J. Chem. Ecol. 27:2067-2095.
Millar, J. G., R. E. Rice, S. A. Steffan, K. M. Daane, E. Cullen, and F.G. Zalom. 2001. Attraction of female digger wasps, Astata occidentalis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) to the sex pheromone of the stink bug Thyanta pallidovirens. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 77: 244-248.
Ho, Hsiao-Yung and J.G. Millar. 2002. Identification, Electroantennogram Screening, and Field Bioassays of Volatile Chemicals From Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae). Zoological Studies, 41: 193-198.
Krupke, C.H. and J.F. Brunner. 2003. Parasitoids of the consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in north central Washington and attractiveness of a host-produced pheromone component. J. Entomol. Science 38(1): 84-92.
Krupke, Christian and Jay Brunner. 2002. Response of the consperse stink bug to synthetic aggregation pheromone sources. J. Econ. Entomol 94: 1500-1505.
Doerr, M.D., J.F. Brunner and V. Jones. 2002. Temperature-dependent development of Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 31 (6): 995-999.
Brunner, J.F. 2002. New technologies for mating disruption in tree fruit crops. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 160-164.
Brunner, J.F, W. Jones, E. Beers, J. Dunley, J. Tangren. 2002. Pest management practices in Washington: a journey through time. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 177-184.
Krupke, C. and J.F Brunner. 2002. Stink bug biology, behavior and management. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 173-176.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Assail and (Guthion), trial #1, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A9, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the codling moth with acetamiprid (Assail) and azinphos-methyl (Guthion), trial #2, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A10, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Assail, Success, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A11, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Calypso and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A12, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Intrepid and Confirm using different sprayer technologies, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A13, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Lorsban, Success and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A14, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Avaunt, Novaluron, Confirm, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A15, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Surround, Confirm, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A16, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of pandemis leafroller with Proclaim, Intrepid, Confirm, and Success. 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A17, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the pandemis leafroller with methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), tebufenozide (Confirm), and spinosad (Success) in spring, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A18, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002 Control of Lacanobia subjuncta with Avaunt and Lorsban, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A19, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth and mites with Assail and Imidan, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A20, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Kryocide, Calypso, and Guthion. 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A21, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Intrepid, Assail, Imidan, and Guthion, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A22, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Novaluron, Dimilin, and Guthion, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A23, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with granulosis virus Virusoft CP4, Orchex 796, and Assail, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A24, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of pandemis leafroller with emamectin benzoate (Proclaim), lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) and spinosad (Success), 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A25, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the pandemis leafroller with methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), pyriproxyfen (Esteem) and spinosad (Success), 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A26, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr, L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of Lacanobia subjuncta with Avaunt, Intrepid, and Success, trial 1, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A27, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr, L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of lacanobia fruitworm with Avaunt, Intrepid, and Success, trial 2, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A28, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against neonate Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L1, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Assessment of azinphos-methyl (Guthion) on different populations of Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L2, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, stage-specific activity of spinosad (Success) and endosulfan (Thiodan) against Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L3, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, relative effect of contact activity versus ingestion of spinosad by third instar pandemis leafroller larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L4, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of thiacloprid (Calypso) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L5, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L6, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L7, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of difluorobenzamide (Novaluron) against neonate leafroller and Lacanobia subjuncta larva, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L8, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of acetamiprid (Assail) against neonate leafroller and Lacanobia subjuncta larva, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L9, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Light, D. M., A. L. Knight, C. A. Henrick, D. Rajapaska, B. Lingren, J. C. Dickens, K. M. Reynolds, R. G. Buttery, G. Merrill, J. Roitman, and B. C. Campbell. 2001. A pear-derived kairomone with pheromonal potency that attracts male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Naturwissenschaften 88: 333-338. 2001.
Light, D. M. and Henrick, C. A. Bisexual attractants, aggregants and arrestants for adults and larvae of codling moth and other species of Lepidoptera, United States Patent, No. US 6,264,939 B1, issued July 24, 2001. (US Patent)
Stelinski, L.L. J.R. Miller & L.J. Gut. 2003. Presence of long-lasting peripheral adaptation in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana and absence of such adaptation in the redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 403-422.
Waldstein, D.W. & L.J. Gut. 2003. Comparison of microcapsule density with various apple tissues and formulations of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) sprayable pheromone. J. Econ. Entomol. 96:58-63.
Pszczolkowski, M.A., L.F. Matos, S.M. Bushman, and J. J. Brown. 2001. Feeding enhancements for insecticide targeting neonate lepidopteran larvae. In: Procceding of the 6th.International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals ISAA (Ed: Ruiter, H.) ISAA 2001 Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp 420-424.
Pszczolkowski, M., L.F.Matos, S.M.Bushman, and John J. Brown. 2001. Effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on feeding in economically important insect pest. Acta Neurobiologiae experimentalis 61:237.
Pszczolkowski M.A. and Brown J.J. 2002. Prospects of monosodium glutamate use for enhancement of pesticides toxicity against the codling moth. Phytoparasitca 30: 243-252.
Pszczolkowski, M., Matos, L., Zahand, A. and Brown, J. J. 2002. Effect of monosodium glutamate on apple leaf consumption by codling moth larvae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 103: 91-98.
Pszczolkowski, M.A., Matos, L.F., Brown, R., and Brown, J.J. 2002. Feeding and development of codling moth larvae on apple leaves. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95:603-607.
Pszczolkowski, M., Zahand, A., Bushman, S.M., and Brown J. J. Effects of calcium and glutamate receptor antagonists on leaf consumption by lepidopteran neonates. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 74: 389-394. 2003.
Pszczolkowski M.A. and J. J. Brown. 2003. Chilling affects allatal cell proliferation via antennae and protocerebral neurons in the cockroach Diploptera punctata. J. Insect Physiol. 49: 123-129.
Pszczolkowski, M. A. and J. J. Brown. Effect of sugars and non-nutritive sugar substitutes on consumption of apple leaves by codling moth neonates. (accepted Feb 2003) Phytoparasitica. 2003.
McBrien, H. M., J.G. Millar, L. Gottlieb, X. Chen, and R.E. Rice. 2001. Male produced sex attractant pheromone of the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27:1821-1839.
Ho, H.-Y. and J.G. Millar. 2001. Identification and synthesis of male-produced sex pheromone components of the stink bugs Chlorochroa ligata and Chlorochroa uhleri. J. Chem. Ecol. 27:2067-2095.
Millar, J. G., R. E. Rice, S. A. Steffan, K. M. Daane, E. Cullen, and F.G. Zalom. 2001. Attraction of female digger wasps, Astata occidentalis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) to the sex pheromone of the stink bug Thyanta pallidovirens. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 77: 244-248.
Ho, Hsiao-Yung and J.G. Millar. 2002. Identification, Electroantennogram Screening, and Field Bioassays of Volatile Chemicals From Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae). Zoological Studies, 41: 193-198.
Krupke, C.H. and J.F. Brunner. 2003. Parasitoids of the consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in north central Washington and attractiveness of a host-produced pheromone component. J. Entomol. Science 38(1): 84-92.
Krupke, Christian and Jay Brunner. 2002. Response of the consperse stink bug to synthetic aggregation pheromone sources. J. Econ. Entomol 94: 1500-1505.
Doerr, M.D., J.F. Brunner and V. Jones. 2002. Temperature-dependent development of Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ. Entomol. 31 (6): 995-999.
Brunner, J.F. 2002. New technologies for mating disruption in tree fruit crops. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 160-164.
Brunner, J.F, W. Jones, E. Beers, J. Dunley, J. Tangren. 2002. Pest management practices in Washington: a journey through time. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 177-184.
Krupke, C. and J.F Brunner. 2002. Stink bug biology, behavior and management. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 97: 173-176.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Assail and (Guthion), trial #1, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A9, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the codling moth with acetamiprid (Assail) and azinphos-methyl (Guthion), trial #2, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A10, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Assail, Success, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A11, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Calypso and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A12, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Intrepid and Confirm using different sprayer technologies, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A13, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Lorsban, Success and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A14, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Avaunt, Novaluron, Confirm, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A15, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Surround, Confirm, and Guthion, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A16, Electronic publication by Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of pandemis leafroller with Proclaim, Intrepid, Confirm, and Success. 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A17, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the pandemis leafroller with methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), tebufenozide (Confirm), and spinosad (Success) in spring, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A18, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002 Control of Lacanobia subjuncta with Avaunt and Lorsban, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. A19, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth and mites with Assail and Imidan, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A20, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Kryocide, Calypso, and Guthion. 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A21, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Intrepid, Assail, Imidan, and Guthion, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A22, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with Novaluron, Dimilin, and Guthion, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A23, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of codling moth with granulosis virus Virusoft CP4, Orchex 796, and Assail, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A24, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of pandemis leafroller with emamectin benzoate (Proclaim), lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) and spinosad (Success), 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A25, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr and L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of the pandemis leafroller with methoxyfenozide (Intrepid), pyriproxyfen (Esteem) and spinosad (Success), 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A26, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr, L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of Lacanobia subjuncta with Avaunt, Intrepid, and Success, trial 1, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A27, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., M.D. Doerr, L.H. Bennett. 2002. Control of lacanobia fruitworm with Avaunt, Intrepid, and Success, trial 2, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. A28, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against neonate Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L1, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F., and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Assessment of azinphos-methyl (Guthion) on different populations of Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L2, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, stage-specific activity of spinosad (Success) and endosulfan (Thiodan) against Lacanobia subjuncta larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L3, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, relative effect of contact activity versus ingestion of spinosad by third instar pandemis leafroller larvae, 2000. Arthropod Management Tests. L4, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of thiacloprid (Calypso) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L5, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L6, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) against neonate leafroller larvae, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L7, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of difluorobenzamide (Novaluron) against neonate leafroller and Lacanobia subjuncta larva, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L8, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Brunner, J.F. and M.D. Doerr. 2002. Bioassay, effect of acetamiprid (Assail) against neonate leafroller and Lacanobia subjuncta larva, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. L9, Electronic publication of Entomology Society of America.
Light, D. M., A. L. Knight, C. A. Henrick, D. Rajapaska, B. Lingren, J. C. Dickens, K. M. Reynolds, R. G. Buttery, G. Merrill, J. Roitman, and B. C. Campbell. 2001. A pear-derived kairomone with pheromonal potency that attracts male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Naturwissenschaften 88: 333-338. 2001.
Light, D. M. and Henrick, C. A. Bisexual attractants, aggregants and arrestants for adults and larvae of codling moth and other species of Lepidoptera, United States Patent, No. US 6,264,939 B1, issued July 24, 2001. (US Patent)