Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Sunday, June 9th, Business meeting 1. Welcome and participant introductions - Greg Evanylo 2. Project Director, Lee Sommers, report: Federally supported research work (USDA, EPA, etc.) - keep data accessible to general public and new communication efforts. Enhance competitive funding for intramural and extramural funding. Other discussions - overlapping multi-state projects, such as 2082 (focus on organic contaminants). Lees talk will be posted on the project website as a PDF file. Greg thanked Lee and announced about his retirement dinner scheduled on Monday night. 3. Greg Evanylo has received state reports from ~90% of participants on time and will be preparing the annual report due 60 days after the annual meeting. W2170 is in Year 4. Renewal proposal is due January 15, 2014 and review will be in March 2014. 4. Future Venues and Meetings: a. Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) will host the 2014 meeting. Since 2014 Meeting in Chicago will coincide with Decennial State of the Science Meeting, there were some discussions about a semi-national meeting for 2014. Some members have suggested to have 2 ½ to 3 days long meeting with about 100 attendees. Focus: Urban focus  use of residuals for urban soil remediation will be the program theme. b. 2015: Columbus, OH (proposed, Nick Basta) 5. W2170 leadership discussions: Greg mentioned that 2013 meeting is his last meeting as a group chair but continue supporting the new leadership a. Incoming Chair - Lakhwinder Hundal, MWRDGC b. Incoming Co-chair - Ganga Hettiarachchi, KSU c. Incoming Treasurer/Secretary  To be determined 6. The proposal for the next project cycle, 2014-2019, is due in January 15, 2014 and review will be in March 2015. For the report for the renewal it has been suggested to include supporting letters from the EPA and USDA personal. Greg has mentioned that working together on this with proposal writing committee will be our new chair Lakhwinder Hundals first responsibility. There were discussions on changing our research group name but not necessarily our focus. There is need for this as name could bring some additional attention to our work. Some members have suggested that we need to invite W2082 (Evaluating the Physical and Biological Availability of Pesticides and Contaminants in Agricultural Ecosystems) members to consider joining in our decennial meeting. Linda Lee has pointed out some of these research groups have common interest (W2082 and W2045: Agrochemical Impacts on Human and Environmental Health: Mechanisms and Mitigation) 7. Urban soils issues - Greg Evanylo reported a desire by Ann Caroll, USEPA Brownfields Program, in bringing together interested W2170 members and USEPA Brownfield staff for a collaborative information-exchange meeting. It was agreed that the 2012 annual Soil Science Society of America meeting in Cincinnati, OH would be the best venue for such a meeting. The W2170 membership also discussed details necessary for developing an urban soil remediation handbook. Several W2170 members who have been working in this arena volunteered to participate. Pertinent chapter topics were further discussed during the Monday Urban Soils session. Members volunteering for this committee included: Rufus Chaney, Sally Brown, Greg Evanylo, Ganga Hettiarachchi, and Nick Basta.

Objective 1: Evaluate the chemistry and bioavailability of trace elements, organic microconstituents and nutrients in residuals and residuals-amended soils to assess the environmental and health risks. The research performed to accomplish objective 1included a) direct chemical measurements of nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements, and organic compounds in the applied residual and upon transformation and/or transport through the environment and b) bioassays to assess bioavailability. Inorganic Trace Elements/Heavy Metals In cities nationwide, urban agriculture has been put on hold because of the high costs of soil testing for historical contaminants such as Pb. The Mehlich 3 soil test is commonly used to determine plant available nutrients, is inexpensive, and has the potential to estimate trace metals in urban soil. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the ability of the Mehlich 3 to estimate total Pb and bioaccessible Pb in vacant residential lots. Total and bioaccessible Pb were determined by Ohio State University (OH) researchers (Basta et al.) in 68 vacant residential lots in Cleveland using standard USEPA Methods 3051A and the Relative Bioaccessibility Leaching Procedure (RBALP), respectively. The Mehlich 3 soil test was used to determine extractable Pb and the results show Mehlich 3 was strongly correlated with total and bioaccessible Pb. The Mehlich 3 soil test could be used as a screening tool to not only estimate total Pb (slope 1.73, r2 = 0.970) but also to estimate bioaccessible Pb when using RBALP at pH 1.5 (slope 1.67, r2 =0.975) and RBALP at pH 2.5 (slope 1.15, r2 = 0.938). Additional samples were collected from the Thackeray Ave. site in Cleveland, OH to demonstrate the ability of the Mehlich 3 soil test to screen soil for Pb. The results from the Thackeray site show good agreement between Mehlich 3 and the standard USEPA methods. In addition to accessing plant nutrition, the Mehlich 3 soil test can be expanded to be used as a screening tool to access Pb, and other select inorganic contaminants, and determine suitability of urban soil for food production. University of Washington (WA) researchers (Brown et al.) sampled soil from parking strips and around the foundations of homes in residential urban neighborhoods in Tacoma built between 1905 and 1920. Soils were analyzed for lead by Mehlich III. Total lead levels in the parking strips averaged 50 and ranged from 22-105 mg kg-1 while estimated lead around the foundations averaged 550 mg kg-1 and ranged from 160-1050 mg kg-1. This suggests that no precautions need to be taken for lead in parking strip gardens in Tacoma. However, lead levels around the foundations are high enough to indicate that an education program for urban gardeners in older neighborhoods should be developed. Based on these results the researchers have expanded sampling to measure lead concentration at different distances from older houses and will use this information in their urban gardening series. University of Washington (WA) researchers (Brown et al.) are exploring the relationship between metal stress in Douglas Fir trees and plany phytochelatin production. The researchers demonstrated that trees grown in both historic high metal and current lower metal biosolids (at 20 and 40 Mg/ha) showed reduced growth, possibly due to metal stress. Plant phytochelating production was used as an indicator of metal stress. Preliminary results show elevated plant Zn for trees grown in the high metal biosolids. For the 1st harvest, there was no relationship between plant phytochelatin concentrations and metal uptake. To reduce environmental impact caused by SO2 emission from coal-fired power plants, an FGD system was installed at Jeffrey Energy Center (JEC) located in St. Marys, KS. The wastewater from the FGD system contains high levels of selenium (Se), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) as well as other major constituents of sulfur (S, mainly as SO42-), fluoride (F-), bromide (Br-), boron (B), chloride (Cl-), and sodium (Na). Kansas State University (KS) researchers (Hettiarachchi et al.) conducted a series of small-scale column studies with FGD water collected from JEC to assess contaminant breakthrough curves for several elements of concern, particularly Se, and to understand mechanisms of contaminant retention in wetland treatment systems predominantly consist of top soil. After 100 days of treating (bottom-up) with FGD wastewater followed by 100 days of flushing with raw water, there was no Se released during this study period suggesting that strong retention of Se had occurred in soils. Selenium was only accumulated in the bottom part of the soil columns indicating mobility of Se in soil is limited and columns did not reach their full capacity. Both SEP and preliminary XANES data indicated that strong retention of Se was through reduction of Se in FGD water. Largely based on the literature, University of California-Riverside researchers (Parker et al.) are attempting to develop a clearer, more mechanistic understanding of the protective effect of biosolids on reduction in metal phytoavailability. This reduction occurs regardless of whether the metals are indigenous to the biosolids, or whether clean biosolids are added to an otherwise contaminated soil (including those spiked with salts). The candidate ligands that could account for this reduced bioavailability include humic substances (which have several distinct functional groups), sorption onto Fe and/or Al hydroxide minerals, phosphates, sulfides, and/or (co)precipitation as other mineral phases. More detailed chemical information is becoming available due to the increased use of synchrotron-based spectroscopic investigations although, to date, these have largely been confined to Cu and Zn (thus omitting important metals such as Cd). Preliminary analyses have revealed that there is little consistency in the metal-binding domains found in biosolids or biosolids-amended soils. Iron hydroxide minerals are implicated in some cases, while in other humic substances or even phosphate minerals are invoked. Different domains are sometimes observed among metals, but are not explainable by known differences in trace-metal chemistry (e.g., the Irving-Williams sequence, hard vs. soft character). Even more profitable use may be made of isotopic exchange techniques coupled with careful characterization of the soil-solution chemistry of the metals. A conceptual model is under development that should help to separate the distinct mechanisms of biosolids-derived fixation (i.e., a decrease in the quantity parameter) versus decreases in soil-solution metal activities (i.e., a decrease in the intensity parameter). Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products/Hormones/Emerging Organics Occurrence and removal efficiencies of fifteen pharmaceuticals were investigated in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant in Michigan (Li et al.). Concentrations of these pharmaceuticals were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Detailed mass balance analysis was conducted during the whole treatment process to evaluate the contributing processes for pharmaceutical removal. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, demeclocycline, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tylosin were not detected in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Other target pharmaceuticals detected in wastewater were also found in the corresponding sludge phase. The removal efficiencies of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamerazine, acetaminophen and caffeine were >99%, while doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and lincomycin exhibited relatively lower removal efficiencies (e.g., <50%). For sulfamethoxazole, the removal efficiency was approximately 90%. Carbamazepine manifested a net increase of mass, i.e. 41% more than the input from the influent. Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals (22% to 99%), whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant (7%) for the investigated pharmaceuticals. The occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in biosolids and the potential risk of transport of these compounds through the food chain is an emerging issue to the sustainability practice of biosolids application to farmlands. The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) is conducting a three-year field study in collaboration with USEPA - Region 5 and Colorado School of Mines to evaluate potential uptake of PFCs by vegetables crops from biosolids-amended soil. Experimental work on biosolids-borne triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) has ended. Efforts now focus on completing the publication of research results in the peer-reviewed literature. Essential features of the work and conclusions were reported last year: Our data appear to support the contention that land application of biosolids at agronomic rates is both beneficial and safe, but long-term field studies are needed to confirm both the data and the risks. Experimental work on fate, transport, and risk of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in reclaimed water (WWTP effluents) continues. Plant uptake studies are underway and in the greenhouse and field in a project headed by Dr. Chris Higgins (Colorado School of Mines, CO). A second project focuses on the potential for transfer of steroidal hormones in reclaimed water from irrigated grass to humans and the associated risk. The MS-students work is nearing completion and a thesis should result by the end of summer 2013. Preliminary results suggest minimal hormone concentrations in several representative reclaimed waters, but there is some indication of possible transfer to children playing on recently irrigated grass. The risk, however, has not been quantified. Sulfate and glucuronide estrogen conjugates, which appear to be the major estrogenic compounds in human or animal waste, are precursor for the free estrogens, which has higher potency to disrupt the endocrine systems of organisms compared to the conjugates. Virginia Tech (VA) researchers (Xia) investigated the aerobic dissipation of 17²-estradiol-3-glucuronide and products formation kinetics in two agricultural soils using laboratory incubation microcosms. The degradation of 17²-estradiol-3-glucuronide in non-sterilized soil follows the linear first order kinetics and temperature and is moisture dependent. Degradation rate of 17²-estradiol-3-glucuronide decreased with decreasing temperature soil moisture content. 17²-estradiol and estrone were identified as the main metabolites of 17²-estradiol-3-glucuronide. Estrone-3-glucuronide was detected only in soils with high moisture and temperature. Variations in the occurrence of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and 17-alpha-ethynlestradiol (EE2) in the Penn State University (PA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent during high (>7000 cubic m/d) and low (~ 4000 cubic m/d) flow were studied. Frequency of occurrence followed to order: E1, E2, EE2. Effluent EE2 levels were mostly below detection limit. The concentration ranges observed during high flow were E1 (BDL  235 ng/L) and E2 (BDL  73.5 ng/L). Low-flow concentrations were E1 (BDL - 22.4 ng/L) and E2 (BDL  420.9 ng/L). Notably, effluent estrogen concentrations were highly variable throughout the year. Effluent E1 concentrations were statistically higher (alpha = 0.05) under high-flow conditions. Variations in E1 occurrence were attributed to differences in the makeup of the campus population during different flow regimes. Peak E1 effluent concentrations generally occurred during colder months. A manuscript was published (Walker et al.) which demonstrated that most of the carbamazepine in the campus wastewater is retained on the near surface organic carbon portion of soils when the wastewater is irrigated onto forested and cropped land, thereby reducing the stream loadings and protecting groundwater. Uptake of numerous drugs, hormones and parabens into vegetables grown in soil fertilized with biosolids was evaluated in field experiments by researchers (Topp et al.) from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Canada). Vegetables were grown under realistic farming conditions, the key element being a one year offset between application and harvest of crops for human consumption. Compared to controls, no significant micropollutant uptake was observed. The persistence and dissipation of various drugs in agricultural soils were determined in laboratory incubations using radioisotope methods. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) was very persistent in soils with DT50s ranging from about 85-330 days. Given the volume used, diphenhydramine merits further investigation with respect to environmental exposure and risk. The widely used antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline, and tricyclic amitriptyline and nortryptiline, dissipated in soil with DT50s of the order of 35-85 days. Objective 2: Evaluate the agronomic and environmental benefits/advantages of land applying residual by-products and/or substituting such materials for fertilizers. Use of biosolids as a beneficial fertilizer in agricultural ecosystems Virginia Tech (VA) researchers (Evanylo) investigated sites in Virginia to determine the amounts of C remaining in soils years following amending with biosolids and composts. Two studies were located at the Northern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center (NPAREC) in Orange, VA. One study employed a Fauquier silty clay loam (Fine, mixed, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs) to which four treatments (control, yard waste compost, biosolids compost, and poultry litter) were continuously applied during 2000-2004. The other study at the NPAREC was conducted on a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Rhodic Paleudult) to which six rates of aerobically digested biosolids (0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg per ha) were applied in single applications in 1984. A third study was sited on a Pamunkey sandy loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Ultic, Hapludalfs) in Charles City County, VA. At this site five rates of anaerobically digested biosolids (0, 14, 42, 70, and 98 Mg per ha) with and without sawdust were applied in single applications in 1996. Soil samples to a depth of 0-60 cm were collected at each study site using a Giddings hydraulic soil probe. Total soil organic C (SOC) concentration was determined by dry combustion method, and bulk density was measured to calculate C accumulation. The organic residuals accumulated more C in the surface soil depth (< 15 cm), ranging from 2 to 12 % across all three sites. In fields with biosolids application after 27 yr, soil organic C was still much higher than the initial levels. Soil C transport from the organic residual treatments was limited to a depth of 0-15 cm. The evidence of C saturation was revealed in the third study site. Results have been reported in a report to sponsor (Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments) and by oral and poster presentations at a professional meeting (ACS Annual Meetings). University of Minnesota researchers completed all studies for the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative (SMBSC) on soil byproducts derived from sugar beet tare soils. The overall objective was to provide recommendations for improved land application of sugarbeet mudsolids for crop production on agricultural soils in Southern Minnesota. The effects of mudsolids on nitrogen mineralization, aggregate stability, and seed germination following application were determined. The effect of applying the sugar beet tare soil byproduct SIM07 to two Minnesota soils on nitrogen mineralization dynamics was measured in an incubation study. SIM07 was mixed with each of the two soils, a silty clay loam (topsoil) and a sandy loam soil (sandy soil), to simulate field application at three rates (0, 100, and 200 tons/acre for the topsoil; 0, 500, and 1000 tons/acre for the sandy soil). The results were used to calculate the percentage of organic nitrogen available for mineralization, the total available nitrogen applied in each treatment, the pounds of available nitrogen per wet ton of SIM07 added, and the percentage of organic nitrogen in SIM07 that was potentially mineralizable. Continued incubation through 256 days of incubation showed that substantial nitrogen mineralization continued beyond 128 days, indicating that mineralization may be important into the second year after SIM07 is incorporated into soil. Effects of the tare soil on soil aggregation were also measured two years following incorporation. The tare soil resulted in a shift in the stable soil aggregate size distribution toward larger aggregates. Overall, the addition of the byproduct at rates as high as 448 Mg/ha improved the aggregate stability of the soils tested. However, high rates of tare soil were also found to reduce germination of corn, oats and soybeans, suggesting crop yields may be negatively affected the first year after application. Cornell (NY) researchers (Thies and Bonotal) continued to survey uncharacterized organic residuals from NYS industries and implement a multi-tiered analysis to evaluate them for use as soil amendments. Grape industry residues, leaves mulched in situ, and food residuals from commercial/industrial sectors were added to residuals reported last year. In April, 2012, grass seeds were mixed with PRs (as a carrier) at rates of (seed:PR) 1:0, 1:2 and 1:3 on a dry weight basis and applied to soil. By day 39 all treatments had approximately the same amount of growth. Nutrient leaching potential of the PRs when applied to soil at 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 t per acre was assessed. The total amounts of Na, K, B, Al, Mn, Ni, Zn, As Pb, P, Cr, Fe, Mo and S that leached in a total of eight pore volumes (150 ml ea) of leachate were determined in soil columns. Concentrations of Na, K, B, Al, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Pb were not significantly higher than those measured in leachate from unamended soil. Only Mn exceeded established limits for drinking water when applied at rates over 5 t per acre. Linear regression of the amount of each element leached by the rate of application was not significant for any of these elements, regardless of whether or not the PR was limed. Concentrations in leachates for the rest of the elements analyzed (P, Cr, Fe, Mo and S) were significantly affected by rate of application, but not by addition of lime. For those elements that have established drinking water standards (Cr, Fe and Mo), concentrations did not exceed established limits. Use of limed or unlimed PR as a soil conditioner is highly unlikely to contribute to groundwater pollution through leaching when applied at rates up to 20 t per acre, except for unlimed PR when applied at rates exceeding 5 t per acre, where leaching of Mn above established standards could potentially occur. Samples of limed and unlimed PR were pyrolyzed (argon sweep gas at 1 L per min, ramp rate 2.5 C per min, dwell time of 30 min at 500 C). Yields were 61% and 66% (w/w) for unlimed and limed PR, respectively. Regression modeling of the interaction of Littleton/Englewood biosolids or N fertilizer with weather conditions from 2000 to 2011by Colorado State University (CO) researchers (Barbarick et al.) showed that neither biosolids nor N fertilizer affected no-till dryland wheat production (Triticum aestivum, L.) or corn (Zea mays, L.) in wheat-fallow (WF) and wheat-corn fallow (WCF) rotations at a site approximately 40 km east of Byers, CO. Similar results were found in a minimum till dryland wheat production site 21 km from Denver International Airport. When Littleton/Englewood biosolids were applied to a Colby (Aridic Ustorthents)/Adena (Ustic Paleargids) soil populated with earthworms (A. trapezoides), the biosolids did not adversely affect these organisms. Some changes in nutrient and trace-metal availability were noted but no consistent trends were found. We found that the earthworms could survive up to a 3-week drought, which is the average length of time between rainfall events at our Byers research location. Earthworms also improved several soil-hydraulic properties. Land Reclamation with Residuals Over 3000 acres of prime farmland in eastern Virginia(VA) will be eventually be mined for mineral sands and over 2000 acres of total land have been disturbed to date. Effective restoration protocols had not been developed before our program was initiated in 1990. Our (Daniels et al.) best efforts to date had produced row crop yields that routinely equaled or exceeded county average yields for all soils, but only approached 75 to 80% of local prime farmland soils. In 2004, we established the Carraway-Winn reclamation research farm in cooperation with Iluka Resources Inc. For nine years, we have implemented and monitored a range of soil building treatments including lime+P additions, deep ripping, organic amendment, minimum tillage and residue management and more recently, periodic shallow no-till ripping. The organic amendment used in this experiment was biosolids at 78 Mg/ha. In 2012, for the first time, soybean yields on the Carraway-Winn research farm were undeniably equal to identically managed prime farmland (Orangeburg series) undisturbed soils on the nearby Clarke family farm. This is the first time that such an accomplishment has been reported anywhere in the eastern USA. Some isolated reports of similar results came from coal mined lands in Illinois and Kentucky in the 1980s, but those plots were heavily irrigated and involved full soil profile reconstruction. Our results were achieved with topsoil substitute reconstruction from recombined sandy tailings and clay slimes without topsoil salvage and return. The utilization of biosolids or other suitable organic amendments is critical to successful topsoil reconstruction here. The state of Virginia (VA) had no established regulatory program for determining if dredge materials (200 million yards per year in USA) were suitable for use as soil substrates in upland environments. This resulted in them being largely disposed of in "spoil island" landfills or pumped off the coast. For ten years we worked with Weanack Land LLLP to test and characterize a wide range of dredge spoils and determine their use limiting properties and features. In the later part of this effort, we developed an Excel base screening template that uses approximately 100 chemical physical laboratory parameters to separate (A) "clean fill" materials that can be utilized without monitoring or surface water containment from (B) significantly contaminated materials that should not be utilized at all. The system also identifies (C) partially contaminated materials that can be beneficially re-used following remediation with appropriate monitoring. Bosolids have historically been utilized at higher than agronomic rates on disturbed lands such as coal and sand & gravel mines in Virginia (VA) and the mid-Atlantic region. However, recent regulatory changes in Virginia had precluded such usage since 2009. At issue was the need to accommodate the mandatory requirement for nutrient management plans (NMPs) on mining and other disturbed sites where the criteria were not available. We (Danielsand Evanylo) combined results from over 20 years of soil and water monitoring across a wide range of mining and construction rehabilitation sites where higher than normal (agronomic) rates of biosolids had been applied with minimal water quality impacts. Between 2011 and 2012 we worked closely with Va DEQ and DCR personnel to develop a novel framework for biosolids utilization on these sites. Mined land experiments in PA indicated sustained production of switchgrass monocultures at 5-6 Mg/ha is possible with manure and paper mill sludge amendments. Atlantic coastal panic grass and big bluestem produced lower yields than switchgrass. Historically, the Appalachian coal industry has been highly successful in developing technologies to identify, handle, treat and isolate potentially acid forming spoil materials at coal mines in the region. However, these techniques do not predict release potentials of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Se and other constituents of concern from most overburden materials. The primary objective of this Virginia Tech (VA) research program is to create new methods for characterizing and predicting constituent release potentials from coal overburden and refuse materials. The secondary objectives include the development of scaling factors to relate laboratory and field studies to field conditions and correlation of those results with actual field data sets. We (Daniels and Eick) conducted a column study to examine the long-term potential for TDS release from mine spoils in the Appalachian region. This study also examined the effects of the leaching solution pH, dosing cycle, and column saturation zones (if present) on the leachate chemistry and quantity of TDS eluted from mine spoils over extended periods of time. Parameters analyzed for include EC, pH, and total elemental analysis Ca, Cl-, HCO3-, Fe, K, Mg, Na SO42-, and other elements of concern (As, Se, etc.). Levels of electrical conductance (EC) in most materials tested were initially between 1000 and 2000 us/cm, but generally decreased rapidly and equilibrated at levels between 200 and 1000 us/cm. The pH values varied with column treatment with a lower pH in the saturated columns. A greater elution of trace elements was found in the columns under vacuum due to greater pyrite oxidation. Data from this study will be compared to larger scale field studies to develop methods to predict TDS elution potential in the coal fields. Use of biosolids as a beneficial soil amendment for urban/brownfield soils The objectives of the Kansas State University (KS) researchers (Hettiarachchi et al.) were: 1) to evaluate uptake of contaminants by food crops grown on unamended- and residual amended-mildly contaminated urban soils (formerly brownfields), 2) to evaluate effects of residual amendments on bioaccessibility of contaminants, and 3) to develop recommendations for corrective/protective actions to minimize direct (ingestion) and indirect (food chain transfer) exposure pathways of contaminants. Evaluation of sites throughout the U.S. has been continued in 2012 under this USEPA-funded project. Contaminants present in sites active in 2012 were: Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in Kansas City, MO site; Pb in the Seattle WA site; Pb, arsenic (As), and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Indianapolis, IN site; Pb in the Pomona, CA site; Pb in Philadelphia, PA site; and Pb and As in the Toledo, OH site. Concentrations of Pb, As and Cd in vegetables from all test sites were low. Lead concentrations in root vegetables were higher than the maximum concentration limit (MCL) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius when concentrations of Pb in soils were >200- 250 mg/kg. Cadmium in leafy vegetables was higher than the MCL when soil Cd >20 mg/kg. Uptake of PAHs by vegetables was either low or non-detectable. Bioaccessible lead in most soils was low. Soil contaminants were consistently diluted through compost and other residual addition resulting lower contaminant concentrations in vegetables compared to the unamended soils. Composting and compost use Composting biosolids with plant bulking agent, aiming to reduce the biosolids odor, can decrease phytoavailability of biosolids N and limit plant growth due to the loss of mineralizable organic N and increase in C/N ratio. MWRDGC researchers investigated two types of biosolids (lagoon-aged biosolids and centrifuge cake biosolids), co-composted with each of three locally available bulking materials: tree leaves, woodchips and yardwastes. A bioassay with corn was conducted to determine the plant available N (PAN) of composted biosolids. Uptake of N and dry matter yield of corn were reduced in the composted biosolids as compared to that in the uncomposted biosolids. The PAN of fully composted biosolids was < 10%, and this was > 15% for uncomposted and partially composted biosolids (i.e. composts produced at lower bulking ratios). Our results suggest that application rate of biosolids composts may need to be changed to reflect the change in PAN during the composting. Researchers (Brown et al.) from the University of Washington (WA) are determining if the phosphorus saturation index (PSI) is a suitable indicator for evaluation of compost mixtures for stormwater bioretention systems. Current regulations for bioretention system soil mixtures vary widely across the country. While compost is typically a component of these mixtures, specifications often restrict the quantity of compost in these mixtures and also restrict the type of compost based on feedstocks. Use of biosolids composts are often prohibited based on the perception that they will leach excess nutrients and metals. PSI was found to be an excellent predictor of potential leaching of total and dissolved P through biosolids-, yard+food waste-, and animal manure-based composts amended with various proportions Fe WTRs. Turbidity was also reduced as a function of PSI. All mixtures reduced transport of total and dissolved Zn and Cu. University of Washington (WA) researchers Brown et al.) conducted a small scale composting study of mussels harvested from contaminated sediments as part of the Pacific Shellfish Institute bioremediation research. The compost feedstocks were one part ground mussel waste and four parts wood waste. The finished product had typical concentrations of all constituents, except for calcium, which was elevated from the mussel shells. Levels of trace elements were all low. Compost EC and C:N were acceptable for agricultural use. Basic composting training was provided by Penn State faculty to 15 commercial composters from across the state.

California None reported Colorado JA Barbarick, K.A., J.A. Ippolito, J. McDaniel, N.C. Hansen, and G.A. Peterson. 2012. Biosolids application to no-till dryland agroecosystems. Agic. Ecosys. Environ. 150:72-81. TR Barbarick, K.A., N.C. Hansen, and J. McDaniel. 2012. Biosolids application to no-till dryland crop rotations. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Report. TR12-6. TR Barbarick, K.A., T. Gourd, and J. McDaniel. 2012. Application of anaerobically digested biosolids to dryland winter wheat. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Report. TR12-8. AB McDaniel, J., K. Barbarick, and M. Stromberger. 2012. Drought Stress Affects Earthworms in a Biosolids Amended Colorado Soil. Soil Science Society of America Abstract 389-7 TH McDaniel, J. 2012. Implications for the Introduction of Earthworms in a Biosolids Amended Agroecosystem. MS Thesis. Colorado State University. Florida JA Pannu (Waria), M., G.S. Toor, G.A. OConnor, and P.C Wilson. 2012. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in food crops. Environ. Toxicol. & Chem. 31: 2130-2137. JA Snyder, E. H., and G. A. OConnor. 2012. Risk assessment of land-applied biosolids-borne triclocarban (TCC). Sci. Total Environ. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2012.10.007 (Appears in 2013 in Vol. 442: 437-444). Illinois BC Cox, Granato, Kollias. Land application of biosolids by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. In chapter Jakobsson (ed) Sustainable Agriculture - Ecosstem Health and Sustainable Agriculture. Baltic university programme, Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 157-167, 2012. JA Hale, LaGuardia, Harvey, Chen, and Hundal. 2012. PBDEs in U.S. biosolids: Temporal/geographical trends and uptake by corn following land application. Environmental Science and Technology 46:2055-2063. JA Kumar, Hundal, Brown and Cox. 2012. Biosolids, compost and manure are important components or sustainability. BioCycle 53:57-58. JA Lukicheva, Tian, Cox, Granato, and Pagilla. 2012.Aerobic and anaerobic transformations affecting stability of dewatered sludge during long-term storage in a lagoon. Water Environment Research 84:17-24. JA Oladeji, Tian, Cox, Granato, Pietz, Carlson, and Abedin. 2012. Effect of long term application of biosolids for mineland reclamation on water chemistry: Trace metals. Journal of Environmental Quality 41:1445-1451. JA Peak, Kar, Hundal, and Schoenau. 2012. Kinetics and mechanisms of phosphorus release in a soil amended with biosolids or inorganic fertilizer. Soil Science 177: 183-187. PR Hundal, Kumar, Cox, Tian, and Granato. 2012. Effect of biosolids application on plant available nutrients. Proceedings of the 42nd North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference. Des Moines, IA. pp. 37-44. Indiana None reported Kansas JA Baker, L., G.M. Pierzynski, G.M. Hettiarachchi, K.G. Scheckel, and M. Newville. Speciation of Zn as Influenced by P Addition in a Pb/Zn Smelter Contaminated Soil. J. Environ. Qual. 41: 1865-1873. JA Brown, S.L., I. Clausen, M.A. Chappell, K.G. Scheckel, M. Newville, G.M. Hettiarachchi. 2012. High Fe biosolids compost induced changes in Pb and As speciation and bioaccessibility in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 41: 1612-1622. TH Harms, A.M.R. 2011. Determining and meeting the educational needs of students and urban gardeners and farmers on urban soil quality and contamination topics. M.S. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. AB Attanayake, C., G.M. Hettiarachchi, S. Martin, P. Defoe, and G.M. Pierzynski. Potential for Transfer of Lead, Arsenic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Compost Added Urban Soils to Vegetables and Humans. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Brown, S. and G.M. Hettiarachchi. Use of Urban Residuals to Reduce Pb and As Bioaccessibility. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Defoe, P. and G. M. Hettiarachchi. 2012. Reducing Bioaccessibility of Lead and Arsenic in a Contaminated Urban Garden Soil. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Galkaduwa, B., G.M. Hettiarachchi, G. Kluitenberg, and S. Hutchinson. Understanding Transport and Transformations of Selenium in Flue-Gas Desulfurization Waste Water Using Continuous Flow Column Systems. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Hettiarachchi, G.M. Contaminants In Urban Gardens- Lessons Learned In the Past. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Karna, R. and G.M. Hettiarachchi. Understanding Subsurface Transformations and Dynamics of Trace Elements in Multi-Metal Contaminated Mine Waste Materials in Southeast Kansas. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. AB Price, J. and G.M. Hettiarachchi. Trace Metal Concentration and Partitioning Among Vegetable Varieties. ASA/SSSA/CSA Annual Meetings, Oct. 2012, Cincinnati, OH. Michigan JA Pin Gao, Yunjie Ding, Hui Li, and Irene Xagoraraki, 2012, Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant: Mass Balance and Removal Processes. Chemosphere 88: 17-24. JA Cun Liu, Hui Li, Cliff T. Johnston, Stephen A. Boyd, and Brian J. Teppen, 2012, Relating Clay Structural Factors to Dioxin Adsorption by Smectites: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76: 110-120. JA Cuiping Wang, Brian J. Teppen, Stephen A. Boyd, and Hui Li, 2012, Sorption of Lincomycin at Low Concentrations from Water by Soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76: 1222-1228. JA Ying Yao, Bin Gao, Hao Chen, Lijuan Jiang, Mandu Inyang, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Xinde Cao, Liuyan Yang, Yingwen Xue, and Hui Li, 2012, Adsorption of Sulfamethoxazole on Biochar and Its Impact on Reclaimed Water Irrigation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 209: 408-413. JA Kai Yu, Cheng Gu, Stephen A. Boyd, Cun Liu, Cheng Sun, Brian J. Teppen, and Hui Li, 2012, Rapid and Extensive Debromination of Decabromodiphenyl Ether by Smectite Clay-Templated Subnanoscale Zero-Valent Iron. Environmental Science and Technology 46:8969-8975. Minnesota TR Rosen, C., J. Crants, M. McNearney, and K. Piotrowski. 2012. Sugar beet tare soil byproducts as agricultural soil amendments: Effects on nitrogen mineralization, soil structure, and seed germination. A report submitted to the Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative Renville, MN. New York None reported Ohio BC Dick, Richard P., Qin Wu, Nicholas T. Basta. 2012. Biomethylation of Arsenic in Contaminated Soils. In M.H. Wong (ed.) Environmental Contamination  Health Risks and Ecological Restoration. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, Oxon UK. JA Richards, J.R., J.L. Schroder, H. Zhang, N.T. Basta, Y. Wang, and M.E. Payton. 2012. Trace elements in benchmark soils of Oklahoma. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. in press. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2012.0100. JA Sloan, J.J., P.A.Y. Ampim, N.T. Basta, and R. Scott. 2012. Addressing the need for soil blends and amendments for the highly modified urban landscape. SSSAJ. 76:1133-1141. JA Sullivan, T.S., Gottel, N.T., Basta, N., Jardine, P.J3, and C.W. Schadt. 2012. Firing range soils yield a diverse array of fungal isolates capable of Pb-mineral solubilization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78(17): 6078-6086. AB Busalacchi D., Nicholas Basta, Lakhwinder Hundal, Jennifer Tvergyak, Roman Lanno and Richard P. Dick. 2012. Evaluation of Biosolids for Ecological Restoration of Degraded Soil: A Field Study. Presentation 318-2, ASA, CSSA, and Soil Science Society International Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 21 to 24, 2012. AB Basta, N., Shane D. Whitacre, Kirk Scheckel, Bradley Miller and Stan Casteel. 2012. Assessing Oral Human Bioavailability of Arsenic in Soil with in Vitro Gastrointestinal Methods. Presentation 409-8, ASA, CSSA, and Soil Science Society International Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 21 to 24, 2012. AB Whitacre, Shane D., Nicholas Basta, Valerie Mitchell and Perry Myers, 2012. Bioavailability Measures for Arsenic in Gold Mine Tailings. Presentation 412-1, ASA, CSSA, and Soil Science Society International Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 21 to 24, 2012. AB Richey Jamie, Nicholas Basta and Shane D. Whitacre. 2012. The Influence of the Physicochemical Parameters of An in Vitro Gastrointestinal Method On the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Contaminated Soils. Presentation 412-2, ASA, CSSA, and Soil Science Society International Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 21 to 24, 2012. AB Alpers,C.N., V.L. Mitchell, N.T. Basta, S.W. Casteel, A.L. Foster, A.E. Blum, C.S. Kim, P. Myers, T.L. Burlak, and L. Hammersley. 2012. Evaluating the Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, Mineralogy, and Speciation of Arsenic in Mine Waste and Soils, Empire Mine Low-sulfide Gold-quartz Vein Deposit, Nevada County, California. U.S. EPA Hardrock Mining Conference 2012: Advancing Solutions for a New Legacy. Denver, CO. Apr 3-5, 2012 AB Mitchell, Alpers, Basta, Casteel, Foster, Kim, Naught, Myers. 2012. Alternative Methods for the Prediction of Relative Bioavailability of Arsenic in Mining Soils. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. March 11-15, 2012. AB Sharma, K., Priyanka Yadav, Zhiqiang Cheng, Nicholas Basta and Parwinder S. Grewal. 2012. Heavy metal contamination in two post-industrial cities. OARDC Annual Research Forum, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. April, 2012. AB Basta, N.T. and E.A. Dayton. 2012. Chemical controls of P in the soil. Soil and Water Conservation Society Ohio Chapter Winter Meeting. Reynoldsburg, OH. Jan. 17, 2012. Pennsylvania JA Dere, A.L, R.C. Stehouwer, 2011. Labile and stable nitrogen and carbon in mine soil reclaimed with manure-based amendments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:890-897. JA Dere, A.L,, R.C. Stehouwer, E. Aboukila and K.E. McDonald. 2012. Nutrient leaching and soil retention in mined land reclaimed with stabilized manure. J. Environ. Qual. 20120:0 - doi 10.2134/jeq2012.0036. JA Elliott, H.A. and D. Jaiswal. 2012. Phosphorus management for sustainable agricultural irrigation of reclaimed water. J. Environ. Engr. 138:367-374. JA Walker, C.W., J.E. Watson, C. Williams. 2012. Occurrence of carbamazepine in soils under different land uses receiving wastewater. J. Environ. Qual. 41:1263-1267. PR Asem-Hiablie, S., H. A. Elliott, C.D. Church, J. E. Watson, and C.F. Williams. 2012. Patterns of estrogen occurrence in sewage treatment plant effluent (STPE) from a university campus. ASABE Annual Meeting. Dallas, TX, July 29  August 1. Paper No. 121338255. AB Hunt. A.L. and R.C. Stehouwer. 2011. Effect of organic amendments and switchgrass cultivation on carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soil. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX. Oct 16-20, 2011. Abstract No. 390-9. AB Jaiswal, D. and H.A. Elliott. 2011. Depth stratification of Mehlich-3 phosphorus after long-term effluent-irrigation of cropland. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX. Oct 16-20, 2011. Abstract No. 59399. AB Woodward, E., Andrews, D., Williams, C. and Watson, J. 2012. Vadose zone transport of estrogen hormones at Penn States Living Filter. AWRA Summer Specialty Conference: Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water Resources II: Research, Engineering, and Community Action, Denver, CO. June 25-27, 2012 AB Watson, J., C. Walker, C. Williams, D. Andrews, E. Woodward. 2012. Carbamazepine distribution in wastewater irrigated soils at the Living Filter. AWRA Summer Specialty Conference: Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water Resources II: Research, Engineering, and Community Action, Denver, CO. June 25-27, 2012 United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service None reported U.S. EPA None reported Virginia JA Bosch, D., J. Pease, M.L. Wolfe, C. Zobel, J. Osorio, T.D. Cobb, and G. Evanylo*. 2012. Community DECISIONS: Stakeholder Focused Watershed Planning. Journal of Environmental Management. JEMA-D-11-01954R2. 112:226-232. JA Diehl, J., S. E. Johnson, K. Xia*, A. West, and L. Tomanek. 2012. The distribution of 4-nonylphenol in marine organisms of North American Pacific Coast estuaries. Chemosphere. 87:490497. JA Howard, J.L., B.R. Dubay, and W.L. Daniels*. 2013. Artifact weathering, anthropogenic microparticles and lead contamination in urban soils at former demolition sites, Detroit, Michigan. Environ. Pollution 179: 1-12. JA Keith A. Maruya, D. E. Vidal-Dorsch, S. M. Bay, J. W. Kwon, K. Xia*, and K. L. Armbrust. 2012. Organic contaminants of emerging concern in sediments and flatfish collected near outfalls discharging treated wastewater effluent to the Southern California Bight. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 31:26832688. JA Kelly, J. G., F. X. Han, Y. Su, Y. J. Xia*, V. Philips, Z. Q. Shi, D. L. Monts, S. T. Pichardo, and K. Xia. 2012. Rapid Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil and Plant Samples Using Portable Mercury Direct Analyzer without Sample Preparation, a Comparative Study. Water Air Soil Pollut. 223:2361-2371. JA Kwon, J. W. and K. Xia*. 2012. Fate of Triclosan and triclocarban in soil columns with and without biosolids surface application. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 31:262269. JA Shan, Dexin, G.K. Evanylo, and J.M. Goatley. 2012. Effects of compost sources and seeding treatments on germination and emergence of four turfgrass species. Compost Science and Utilization. 20:165-170 JA Xia, K.*, G. Hagood, C. Childers, J. Atkins, B. Rogers, L. Ware, K. Armbrust, J. Jewell, D. Diaz, N. Gatian, and H. Folmer. 2012. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mississippi Seafood from Areas Affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46:53105318. JA Zhang, X., D. Zhou, E.H. Ervin, G.K. Evanylo*, D. Cataldi, and J. Li. 2012. Biosolids impact antioxidant metabolism associated with drought tolerance in tall fescue. HortScience 47(10):1550-1555. PR Daniels, W.L.*, C. Stilson, and C. Zimmerman. 2012. Development of effective rehabilitation protocols for mineral sands mining in Virginia, USA. p. 97-103. In: Proc. Life-of-Mine Conf., Brisbane, QLD. Australian Inst. Min. Metall., Melbourne, VIC, Australia. PR Daniels, W.L*, Z.W. Orndorff, M. Eick and C. Zipper. 2013. Predicting TDS release from Appalachian mine spoils. p. 275  285 In: J.R. Crayon (ed.), Environmental Considerations in Energy Production. Soc. Mining, Met. & Exploration, Engelwood, CO. www.smenet.org. AB Abaye, A. Ozzie, Gregory Welbaum, K. Xia*. Connecting the Dots: Food + Culture = Agriculture. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Cataldi, J.D., E.H. Ervin, and G. Evanylo*. 2012. Biosolids effects on soil properties in tall fescue sod production. ACS Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH. AB Chen Y., S. Day, W. Daniels*, A. Wick, B. Strahm, P. Wiseman. Relation of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Aggregate Size Distribution to Soil Carbon Pools Four Years After Urban Soil Rehabilitation. Abstract 140-6 In: In Abstracts, 2012 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meetings, "Visions for a Sustainable Planet," Oct. 21-24, Cincinnati, OH. AB Chen Y., S. Day, B. Strahm, R. Shrestha, A. Wick, W. Daniels*. 2012. Effects of Urban Land Development Practices on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Ecological Society of America 97th Annual Meeting. Portland, OR. PS14 Sustainability: Abstract 181. AB Chen Y., S. Day, P. Wiseman, A. Wick, B. Strahm, W. Daniels*, K. McGuire. Relation of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Tree Root Distribution to Soil Carbon Dynamics Four Years after Urban Soil Rehabilitation. Disturbed Environments: Ecological Impact and Management. Annual Conference, Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Ecological Society of America. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. April 14-15, 2012, p. 24. AB Craig N., B. Strahm, J. Burger, W. Nash, W. Daniels*. Long-term Carbon and Nutrient Accrual in Coal Mine Topsoil Substitutes in Southwest Virginia. In R.I. Barnhisel, (Ed.). Proceedings, 29th Annual National Conference, American Society of Mining and Reclamation, June 8  15, 2012, Tupelo Mississippi. ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502. AB Daniels, W*. Rapid Pedogenesis in Appalachian Coal Mine Spoils and Its Implications. Abstract 284-6 In: In Abstracts, 2012 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meetings, "Visions for a Sustainable Planet," Oct. 21-24, Cincinnati, OH. AB Daniels W.L.*, A. Wick, C. Carter III, C. Saunders. Screening Criteria for Beneficial Utilization of Dredge Sediments in Virginia, USA. p. 100 In R.I. Barnhisel, (Ed.). Proceedings, 29th Annual National Conference, American Society of Mining and Reclamation, June 8  15, 2012, Tupelo Mississippi. ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502. AB Haus N., W. Daniels*. Effects of Organic Amendments on Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Freshwater Dredge Sediments. In, Proceedings, 8th Int. Conf. Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, May 21-24, Monterey CA. AB Himaya Mula-Michel, K. Xia*, Mark Williams, and Michael Cox. Discovering Small Peptides with High Affinity to Montmorillonite Using Phage Display Library Technology. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Howard J., B. Dubay, W. Daniels*. Effects of Soil Morphogenesis On the Bioaccessibility of Pb in An Urban Soil Chronosequence, Detroit, Michigan. Abstract 135-11 In: In Abstracts, 2012 ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meetings, "Visions for a Sustainable Planet," Oct. 21-24, Cincinnati, OH. AB Huiqin Guo, and K. Xia*. 2012. Fate of Hormone Conjugates in Soils. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Li, J., G. Evanylo*, J. Mao, and K. Xia*. 2012. Spectroscopic evidence for carbon stability in organic residual-amended soils. ACS Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH. AB Liu, X., J. Fike, J. Galbraith, and G. Evanylo*. 2012. Effects of biosolids application and harvest management on soil carbon and nitrogen in biofuel production systems. ACS Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH. AB Liu, X., J. Fike, J. Galbraith, and G. Evanylo*. 2012. Effects of biosolids application and harvest frequency on nitrogen use and yield of switchgrass grown for biofuel production ---a plot study. ACS Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH. AB Mulvaney, M.J., M. Graham, K. Xia*, V.H. Barrara, R. Botello, A.K.S. Rivera, J. Sedlmair, M. Unger, C. Hirschmugl. 2012. Soil organic matter characterization in Bolivia and Ecuador. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Nash W., W. Daniels*, J. Burger. Long-term Effects of Rock Type and Weathering on Southwest Virginia Mine Soils. p. 391 In R.I. Barnhisel, (Ed.). Proceedings, 29th Annual National Conference, American Society of Mining and Reclamation, June 8  15, 2012, Tupelo Mississippi. ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502. AB Orndorff Z., W. Daniels*. Fifteen years of mapping, characterizing and remediating acid sulfate soils in Virginia, United States. Abstracts, 7th International Acid Sulfate Soil Conference in Vaasa, Finland, August 26 - September 1, 2012. AB Wick A., W. Daniels*, Z. Orndorff, M. Alley. Carbon Accumulation and Stabilization Following Mineral Sands Mining in Eastern Virginia. p. 537 In R.I. Barnhisel, (Ed.). Proceedings, 29th Annual National Conference, American Society of Mining and Reclamation, June 8  15, 2012, Tupelo Mississippi. ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502. AB Xia, K*., Mark Williams, and Jian Wang. Investigation of Molecular Scale Surface Organization of Small Peptides Sorbed On Montmorillonite Using Synchrotron-Based Polarization-Dependent X-Ray Absorption near Edge Photoemission Electron Microscopy (X-PEEM). ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Xia, K.*, Mark Williams, and Madhavi Kakumanu. Carbon K-Edge NEXAFS Spectroscopy of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter During Soil Ecosystem Development. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH. Oct. 22, 2012. AB Xunzhong Zhang, Erik Ervin, Gregory Evanylo* and Jinling Li. 2012. Biosolids impact on corn and soybean drought tolerance associated with hormone and antioxidant metabolism. ACS Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH. Washington JA Brown, S.L., I. Clausen, M.A. Chappell, K.G. Scheckel, M. Newville, and G.M. Hettiarachchi. 2012. High-Iron Biosolids CompostInduced Changes in Lead and Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility in Co-contaminated Soils. J. Environ. Qual 2012: 41: 1612-1622 JA Cogger, C.G., A.I. Bary, E. A. Myhre, and A. Fortuna. 2012. Biosolids applications to tall fescue have long-term influence on soil nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus. J. Environ Qual. 2013 42:516-522 JA McIvor, K., C. Cogger, and S. Brown. 2012. Effects of Biosolids Based Soil Products on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Urban Gardens. Compost Sci. Util. 2012: 20: 199-206 Canada (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) JA Sabourin, L., P. Duenk, S. Bonte-Gelok, M. Payne, D. R. Lapen, E. Topp. 2012. Uptake of pharmaceuticals, hormones and parabens into vegetables grown in soil fertilized with municipal biosolids. Sci. Tot. Environ. 431:233-236. JA Topp, E., M. W. Sumarah, L. Sabourin. 2012. The antihistamine diphenhydramine is extremely persistent in agricultural soil. Sci. Total Environ. 439:136-140. AB = abstract, BK=book, BC=book chapter, EB=extension bulletin, JA=journal article, PR = proceedings, TB=technical bulletin, TH= thesis, TR=Technical report.