Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NC-213 Rewrite/Plan of Work. Bill Ravlin, The Ohio State University, and Charlie Hurburgh, Iowa State University, led general discussion on the final document and gave an overview of document. After much discussion, Bill Ravlin reported that his office would distribute the final document to all participants, along with some questions to be addressed by the group. Bill also encouraged participants to review the document and to send in comments, additions, edits, etc. Annual Report Discussion. Bill Koshar, The Ohio State University, led general discussion on the annual report. The emphasis will be on creating successful Impact Statements. During the annual meeting, Bill Ravlin gave a presentation on creating successful Impact Statements. Other sections of the annual report include: Publications, Meeting Minutes, Accomplishments, and information on meeting participants. Bill Koshar will work with the Executive Committee on the Annual Report. Annual Reports of Progress From Participating Stations. Bill Koshar gave an overview of this publication. Only one station will not be submitting a progress report. Out of the 18 stations, 25 reports were received. The report is available on-line. Overview of The Andersons Research Grant Program. Bill Koshar gave an update on the Program. In 2012, the Team Competition was held. Six proposals were received. One was voted ineligible. Two were funded. Results were communicated via e-mail and the results were put on the NC-213 web site. NC-213 Annual Meeting 2014. Carol Jones, Oklahoma State University, led discussion on next years meeting location. After an exchange of ideas, the NC-213 membership agreed the 2014 meeting will take place in Omaha, Nebraska, with GEAPS Exchange February 22-25th. Bill Ravins office will work with the Executive Committee to finalize dates and to formulate a group who can present at GEAPS Exchange on behalf of NC-213. Charlie Hurburgh offered to work with the GEAPS Exchange Program Committee in securing a double spot. Bill Koshar will work with GEAPS Exchange office in preparation of the meeting. NC-213 Elections. Carol Jones led discussion on elections, which included checking with current Executive Committee Members to see if they would be willing to continue to serve on the Executive Committee. During the meeting, there was a motion to nominate Kingsly Ambrose, Kansas State University, for the position of Secretary. This nomination was approved and Kingsly accepted the nomination. The group accepted nominations from the floor. After some discussion, Kingsly Ambrose was elected NC-213 Secretary, 2013-2014. Meeting adjourned.

Objective 1: To characterize quality attributes and develop systems to measure quality of cereals, oilseeds, and bioprocess coproducts. Accomplishments New techniques for determining raw grain and seed quality and value added process quality were investigated. A new bread formulation that assists people who cannot eat gluten was developed. Linkages between soybean producers in Brazil, three Brazilian universities and USA university researchers was established and strengthened. Researchers worked with the Flax Institute of American and the Institute of Food Technologists doing cutting edge flaxseed quality research. Work with the US Wheat Associates and the North Dakota Wheat Commission produced information about deoxynivalenol (DON) in the upper Midwest. Researchers in Indiana, Kansas, and Oklahoma worked with the USDA labs in Manhattan KS to conduct research in several grain quality areas, particularly in aflatoxin in grain. Mycotoxins in distillers grains can now be reduced with a new method. Raman spectroscopy can now be used to detect fumonisins in corn. Conversations among universities that are members of NC213 centered on ways to collaborate to continue the mentioned research and develop new opportunities for interdisciplinary funding. Outcomes Postharvest losses of grains, oilseeds, and pulses worldwide are higher than desired, with some reports of up to 10 to 20% in some countries. Such losses involve the entire food chain from harvest, gathering, drying, storage, transport, more storage and finally use or end use processing. The following outcomes represent advancements in information and methods for detecting and improving grain and food products through the storage and processing phases of production. NIRS techniques can be used to detect ingredient quality for feed mills. NIRS techniques were determined to be effective in detecting ingredient quality for feed mills. Industry users of NIRS using assistance in calibrating their equipment increased their operating efficiency, and quickly recouped the cost of the NIRS units/calibrations in discounts or improvements in ingredient quality for suppliers. The potential for pasteurization of flaxseed to reduce microbial loads now exists. Three methods of testing wheat for potential spaghetti quality are available for processors. Wheat growers have a method to predict damage from DON to wheat quality and marketability. Distillers Grain handlers and processors have a new alternative for reducing mycotoxins. A new bread formula is available that uses sorghum and reduced refined starches for a wheat free product. This facilitates the intake of bread for persons with Celiac Disease. Outputs The ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss has the goal of reducing postharvest losses of grains and oilseeds in many parts of the world with focus on India and Brazil. Some of our initial work was to measure and quantify harvest losses in Brazil. Pasteurization is intended to reduce the microbial loads prior to the milling process for whole flaxseed. Heat processing first and then followed by milling may be a possible alternative. A model was provided that predicts the temperatures and duration of heat treatment required to reduce microbial loads to an acceptable level in whole flaxseed for the milling process. The testing labs for spaghetti quality received new information about which test is the best for testing. Tests compared were the alveograph, gluten index, and glutograph. Each test has strengths given certain testing conditions. The glutograph has potential for assessing cooked spaghetti. A correlation found between two methods of DON detection in hard red summer wheat will give wheat growers and processors more information about the FHB damage to wheat quality and marketability in the upper Midwest USA. Reducing the levels of mycotoxins in distillers grains will provide ethanol plants another means of controlling outbreaks of mycotoxins, and thus increase the marketability of DDGS co-products. Information provided in this study on the effectiveness of these methods and the appropriate treatment protocols will permit processors to evaluate the use of these alternatives to reduce mycotoxin levels. The proposed Raman spectroscopic method combined with chemometrics demonstrates that this spectroscopic technique is an alternative rapid and non-destructive analytical method to detect fumonisins in maize over conventional spectroscopic and standard wet chemical methods. Starch is the major constituent of wheat flour, whereas little is known about the quantitative and qualitative roles of starch on quality. From this study, we have learned that rather than protein content, starch and amylose content have larger influence on SC baking quality of wheat flour. This provides us with an important selection tool of wheat breeding lines in development of elite soft white wheat varieties for Asian markets. Wheat free foods are typically high in refined starches and little research has been reported on the production of wheat-free foods containing added nutraceutical compounds. A new sorghum bread formula was optimized to contain high levels of tannin. This resulted in bread with increased fiber and anti-oxidant levels. Development of this bread provides persons with Celiac Disease with bread with improved nutritional properties while providing sorghum producers an avenue to utilize high tannin sorghum lines for human food markets. Methods for quality characteristic rapid determination were identified. Activities To date, harvest losses from eight combines in soybeans and eleven combines in corn were measured in Goias and Mato Grosso states of Brazil. A user training program for NIRS calibration, validation and quality control was continued. Individual users were assisted with calibration of NIRS units in specific product situations. A large database of feed ingredient quality factors was collected. Evaluation of NIRS instrumentation continued. A new calibration for proximate analysis of bakery meal (rejected or outdated bakery products ground and homogenized) yielded unexpectedly good results. A review article on soybean composition as related to grain yield was prepared and submitted. Focus on the effects of pasteurization on the microbial counts of flaxseed produced the following: 1). Mentored two M.S. students in the areas of flaxseed utilization and stability; 2). Disseminated information on flaxseed stability to health researchers, food companies and international trade groups. Information was presented orally in the form of power point presentations and email communications; 3). One poster and one oral presentation were given at professional society conferences. Methods using alveograph, gluten index, glutograph and mixograph were developed to evaluate 16 durum wheat cultivars in North Dakota for their pasta cooking quality. These different rheological tests were used to distinguish the weak, medium strong, strong and very strong gluten cultivars. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major fungal disease affecting several gramineous hosts, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat of the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Western Provinces of Canada are susceptible to scab, especially in years that have wetter than average growing seasons. Research determined the prevalence of bound deoxynivalenol (DON) in commercial samples of wheat. During the reporting period the following outputs were achieved: 1. Mentored 3 M.S. and 2 PhD students 2. Consulted with many companies on role of enzymes in baking systems and role of carbohydrates in cereals 3. Four oral and five poster presentations were given at professional meetings of the AACC International, Annual NC-213 Grain quality Meeting 4. Eight peer reviewed journal articles were published/accepted. The data produced are used by USDA-Agricultural Statistics Service and many researchers from the Agribusiness and Applied Economics Department, extension appointment researchers and many other staff who deal with spring wheat. One approach to reducing mycotoxin levels in corn co-products is removal of some of the infected kernels by means of pre-cleaning. Data about the use of a micropycnometer to detect density of both good and moldy kernels was generated. The results will give an indication of the amount of mycotoxin reduction that can be achieved with these devices. The potential for using color sorting for reducing the mycotoxin loads in corn co-products, the potential for using ozone, aqueous sodium bisulfite and microwave treatments to reduce fungal levels were also considered and future testing protocols were established. Raman spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative measurement of fumonisins in maize was investigated. Development of classification and quantification calibration models for early detection of fumonisins in naturally contaminated maize samples aimed to provide a basis and a useful starting point for real-time monitoring and a high-throughput analysis of fumonisin contaminated samples to improve the quality and safety of maize products. Three chemometric methods for all preprocessed spectra data at the Raman shift range of 4001800 cm-1were used to develop calibration models for fumonisin quantification. The testing of qualitative and quantitative effects of wheat starch on sponge cake baking quality provided information about twenty different wheat flours. Bostwick flow distance of flour-water batter appears to be the most appropriate estimate of sponge cake baking potential of soft white wheat flour. A wheat-free sorghum bread formula using whole grain sorghum flour with added bran from high tannin sorghum was optimized. The use of proteases to improve the functional properties of sorghum proteins was investigated. A method to allow direct extraction of the health promoting phenolic compounds found in sorghum using an alkaline solvent was achieved without the need to decorticate or grind the grain. A high-throughput 96-well plate method was developed for determining total phenolic content, flavonoid content and DPPH-scavenging capacity in either sorghum bran or flour. A rapid, small-scale method to accurately determine bread making quality for early generation HWW breeding lines by combining the solutions used in the SDS sedimentation method (AACC 56-70) and the centrifugation process was found within the SRC method (AACC 56-11). Milestones New methods for detecting quality were tested and disseminated for wheat, soybeans, distillers grain, and corn. Testing and modeling to predict value-added process quality was studied and disseminated for corn, flaxseed, and wheat. A new bread formulation that helps people with Celiac disease was developed and information extended. Objective 2: To develop methods to maintain quality, capture value, and preserve food safety at key points in the harvest-to-end-product value chain. Activities Iowa State U., the Grain Quality Initiative and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship collaborated to develop a statewide sampling program, industry training and the request (which was approved) for new FDA policy on aflatoxin blending for the 2012 crop. Kansas State, Oklahoma State and Montana State developed models that compare efficacy and economic viability of alternatives to conventional methods for insect control. They investigated alternative ways to economically control insects in grain, given the increased restrictions on currently used controls. Specifically, efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas against eggs, young larvae, old larvae, and adults of the red flour beetle was evaluated as an alternative to methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride; potential for closed loop fumigation as a way to reduce use of phosphine was evaluated; viability of aerosols and ultrafine inert dusts as an alternative to conventional insecticides was evaluated. Outputs Models that provide guidelines for evaluating alternative strategies, including economic considerations, were developed. Short-term Outcomes The aflatoxin levels in the 2012 corn crop were lower than expected; the sampling and education program significantly reduced public fears and trade distortions based on predictions. Managers of stored products learned best management practices for controlling insects in stored grain. Grain handling, grain traceability and food safety. Activities USDA-ARS-CGAHR, Kansas State U., U. of Georgia, and U. of Kentucky developed improved ways to measure volume of grain in storage and improved methods to maintain grain purity and reduce costs in handling. Iowa State developed models for implementing traceability systems for grain, and Oklahoma State has built a prototype system for automating a grain traceability system using RFID technology at country elevators. The new International Center for Grain Operations and Processing, a non-profit entity, with five sponsors: KSU, ISU, the Kansas Grain and Feed Association, the Agribusiness Association of Iowa and Grain Elevator and Processing Society was incorporated February 3, 2012. A risk assessment model for food safety issues in bulk grains and grain products was developed by Iowa State U. The assessment was used to create a checklist to aid grain handling and processing facilities in creating a food safety preventive controls plan. A database of scientific organizations either publishing or contributing to the science of food safety in grains was assembled. Outputs A risk assessment model for food safety issues in bulk grains and grain products was developed. The assessment was used to create a checklist to aid grain handling and processing facilities in creating a food safety preventive controls plan. A database of scientific organizations either publishing or contributing to the science of food safety in grains was assembled. Short-term Outcomes Grain and grain processing firms are beginning to consider how food safety might apply to bulk grain and grain products. Iowa State materials are providing assistance in this effort. We expect that significant regulations to support Food Safety & Modernization Act will be issued in early 2013. As of July 1, 2012, there were at least 50 Iowa grain firms that have been exposed to the potential requirements and initial actions that could be taken in preparation. More heard the basics of what may happen, and what FSMA is likely to require. Milestones Objective 3: To quantify and disseminate the impact of market-chain technologies on providing high value, food-safe, and biosecure grains for global markets and bioprocess industries. Accomplishments-Effects of drought and other environmental conditions on food safety Activities A training course for FDA inspectors was held June 25-28, 2012, in Manhattan, Kansas, focusing on feed mill inspections. There were 75 participants from the US and territories. Short-term Outcomes Producers and the grain industry were better able to optimize the use of drought-affected grains. In general the outcome was better than expected, in terms of both grain yield and grain quality. Data and concepts for crop modeling and forecasting were generated. The FDA inspectors that we trained were relatively unfamiliar with agriculture. There are now 75 that understand much better the reality and the potential food safety risks associated with feed production. Course reviews indicated that about 50% of the material could be made distance education, with a wider distribution than onsite education will allow. The next offerings and next new courses, to be reported in FY2013, will reflect those views. New technologies in grains and oilseeds Activities U. of Missouri and Oklahoma State U. are investigating the market effects of high-oleic soybean oil, with results suggesting that high-oleic soybean oil will begin to displace competing edible oils, and eventually the high-oleic oil will become a soybean commodity trait. This information is useful for helping agricultural producers, elevators, processors, and end-users better understand future soybean and soybean oil market dynamics. Short-term Outcomes GEAPS-KSU Grain Operations Distance Education and Professional Credentialing Program Activities Kansas State U. has continued to develop and support the GEAPS-K-State Grain Operations Distance Education Program. Additional work continues to progress regarding credentialing. A phased program was launched at the GEAPS 2012 Exchange in Minneapolis, MN. The program will allow industry professionals to get a credential in Grain Handling Operations. Specialty tracks are also being developed to allow industry professionals the opportunity to get education in a specific area. In addition, accreditation is being investigated, which will establish the distance education program as a designated international standard of quality assessment and validate to the industry the merit of the program. In addition, Kansas State U. is continuing and expanding its training on safety issues related to elevator explosions related to grain dust, including such issues as sources of dust generation, handling/conveying equipment maintenance and their relation to dust generation, and preventive maintenance in grain and feed handling and processing facilities. The training aims to communicate to workers and supervisors practical risk information on dust hazards. The goal of this project is to train 500 workers/supervisors from the U.S. grain and feed handling and processing industry. The grain dust training program materials are currently under development and are being reviewed by industry representatives. In 2013, multiple training programs will be offered in conjunction with GEAPS Exchange, International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) Regional Conferences, and along with the safety meetings conducted by Kansas Grain and Feed Association (KGFA) and National Grain and Feed Association (NGFA). Short-term Outcomes The GEAPS partnership continues to be a success, since inception, the program has had 1500 participants from 23 countries (including Latin American countries) enroll in seventeen courses offered fifty-three times with a completion rate of 86%. In 2012, thirteen courses were offered between January and November including two new courses (GEAPS 545, and 552). In addition, two new courses are currently under development for offering in 2013 as well as two updates. Courses are continuing to be developed in collaboration with NC-213 experts from Purdue University, Kansas State University, North Dakota State University, Oklahoma State University, Iowa State University, USDA-GIPSA, and USDA-ARS.

Pilcher, C.M., A. Greco, C.R. Hurburgh, G.P. Munkvold, C.K. Jones and J.F. Patience. 2012. Amino acid composition and digestibility of mold damaged corn selected for low mycotoxin content fed to finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 2):49. Esteve Agelet, Lidia, Aoife A. Gowen, Charles R. Hurburgh, Colm P. O'Donell. 2012. Feasibility of Conventional and Roundup Ready® Soybeans Discrimination by Different Near Infrared Reflectance Technologies. J. Food Chem. 134 (2012): 11651172 Esteve Agelet, Lidia, David D. Ellis, Susan Duvick, A. Susana Goggi, Charles R Hurburgh, and Candice A. Gardner. 2012. Feasibility of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Analyzing Corn Kernel Damage and Viability of Soybean and Corn Kernels. Journal of Cereal Science, 55(2) March 2012: 160165 Esteve Agelet, Lidia, Paul R. Armstrong, Ignacio Romagosa Clariana, Charles R. Hurburgh. 2012. Measurement of Single Soybean Seed Attributes by Near-Infrared Technologies. A Comparative Study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60: 83148322 Medic, Jelena, Dennis Lock, Charles R. Hurburgh, and Christine Atkinson. 2012. Creating More Reliable Analytical Results in the Soybean Industry - The SQT Program. Presentation at 102nd AOCS Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA. April 30, 2012. Oral presentation. Medic, Jelena and C. R. Hurburgh. 2012. OPTIMIZATION OF SOYBEAN QUALITY TRAITS PROGRAM PERFORMANCE. Presentation at 102nd AOCS Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA. April 30, 2012. Oral presentation. Cao, Nanning, C. R. Hurburgh. 2012. Calibration sample selection in near-infrared spectroscopy. Pittcon 2012, Orlando, FL March 11, 2012. Poster. Cao, Nanning and C. R. Hurburgh. 2012. Calibration Data Set Creation for Agriculture Products. Proc 25th IDRC Conference, Chambersburg, PA. August 4, 2012. Invited oral presentation. Cao, Nanning and C. R. Hurburgh. 2012. Calibration Optimization in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. SCIX 2012, Kansas City, MO. October 3, 2012. Poster Kuchynski, J. Vegi, A., Wolf-Hall, C., Hall III, C. and Turner, C. 2012. Pasteurization of flaxseed using response surface methodology. Proceedings of the 61st Flax Institute of the United States. Edited by H. Kandel. Published by North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. pp 33-40. Kuchynski, J. Vegi, A., Wolf-Hall, C., Hall III, C. and Turner, C. 2012. Pasteurization of Flaxseed using Response Surface Methodology. Annual Meeting and Expo of the Institute of Food Technologists. June 25 - 28, Las Vegas NV. (Poster 035-103). Abu Hammad, W. A., Elias, E. M., Manthey, F. A., Alamri, M, S., and Mergoum, M. 2012. A comparison of methods for assessing dough and gluten strength of durum wheat and their relationship to pasta cooking quality. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47(12), 2561-2573. Bong, K., and Manthey, F. A. 2012. A simple rheometer to measure firmness of cooked pasta. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma10.htmpasta Simsek, S., Burgess K., Whitney K.L., Yan, G., Qian, S.Y. 2012. Analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in wheat. Food Control. 26:297-292. Simsek, S. 2012. Effect of naturally occurring wheat enzymes on mycotoxins. NC213 Grain Quality Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN. K.M. Lee, S.Y. Dai, T.J. Herrman, and J.M.B. Musser. 2012. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay to quantify camphor extracted from goat serum. J. Chromatogr. B. 905:133-136. K. Liang, R. Thomasson, K.M. Lee, M.X. Shen, Y. Ge, and T.J. Herrman. 2012. Printing data matrix code on food grade tracers for grain traceability. Biosystems Eng. 113:395401. K.M. Lee, and T.J. Herrman. 2012. Application of Raman spectroscopy for detection of aflatoxin in ground corn samples. American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) Annual Meeting. Hollywood, FL. Choi, H.-W., Harris, T., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Improvement of sponge cake baking test procedure for simple and reliable estimation of soft white wheat quality. Cereal Chem. 89:73-78. Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of particle size on sponge cake baking quality of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. Accepted. Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Use of dried egg powder in sponge cake baking test and flour-water batter viscosity as an estimate of sponge cake baking quality. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma23.htm. Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of starch property and quantity on sponge cake baking quality of soft white wheat. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma22.htm. Smith, B.M., Bean, S. R., Herald, T.J., and Aramouni, F. 2012. Effect of HPMC on the quality of wheat-free bread made from carob germ flour-starch mixtures. J. Food Sci 77: C684-C689. Kumar, T., Dweikat, I., Sato, S., Ge, Z., Nersian, N., Chen, H., Elthon, T., Bean, S., Ioerger, B., Tilley, M., and Clemente, T. 2012. Modulation of kernel storage proteins in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Plant Biotechnology Journal. 10:533-544. Blackwell, D. L., Herald, T.J., Bean, S.R., and Gadgil, P. 2012. Alkaline extraction of phenolic compounds from intact sorghum kernels. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47:2671-1675. Kaufman, R. C., Herald, T. J., Bean, S. R., Wilson, J. D., and Tuinstra, M. R. 2012. Variability in tannin content, chemistry, and activity in a diverse group of tannin containing sorghum cultivars. J. Sci. Food Ag. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5890 Pontieri, P., de Vita, P., Boffa, A., Tuinstra, M. R., Bean, S. R., Krishnamoorthy, G., Miller, C., Roemer, E., Alifano, P., Pignone, D., Massardo, D. R., Del Guidice, L. 2012. Yield and morpho-agronomical evaluation of food-grade white sorghum hybrids grown in Southern Italy. J. Plant Interactions. 7: 341-347 Wu, Y., Li, X., Xiang, W., Zhu, C., Lin, Z., Wu, Y., Li, J., Bai, G., Wang, M. L., Bean, S. R., Tuinstra, M. R., Tesfaye, T. T., Yu, J. 2012. Cloning of Tan1 Gene Reveals a Balance between Natural and Artificial Selection on Tannin in an Old-Word Cereal. PNAS 109:10281-10286 Blackwell, D. L., Herald, T.J., Bean, S.R., and Gadgil, P. 2012. Alkaline extraction of phenolic compounds from intact sorghum kernels. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47:2671-1675. Herald, T.J., Gadgil, P. and Tilley, M. 2012. High-throughput micro plate assays for screening flavonoid content and DPPH-scavenging activity in sorghum bran and flour. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 92:2326-2331. Kaufman, R. C., Herald, T. J., Bean, S. R., Wilson, J. D., and Tuinstra, M. R. 2012. Variability in tannin content, chemistry, and activity in a diverse group of tannin containing sorghum cultivars. J. Sci. Food Ag. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5890 Liu, L., Herald, T.J., Wang, D., Bean, S., Wilson, J.D. and Aramouni, F.M. 2012. Characterization of sorghum grain and evaluation of sorghum flour in a Chinese egg noodle system. Journal of Cereal Science 55 (1): 31-36. Seabourn, B.W., Xiao, S.Z., Tilley, M. and Herald, T.J. 2012. Development of a small-scale hybrid sodium dodocyl sulfate-solvent retention capacity-sedimentation method to rapidly predict hard winter wheat bread making quality of breeding samples. Crop Science. 52(3): 1306-1315. Smith, B.M., Bean, S. R., Herald, T.J., and Aramouni, F. 2012. Effect of HPMC on the quality of wheat-free bread made from carob germ flour-starch mixtures. J. Food Sci 77 (6): C684-C689. Mosher, G.A., N. Keren, S.A. Freeman, and C.R. Hurburgh. 2012. Management of safety and quality and the relationship with employee decisions in the country grain elevator. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 18(3), 195-215. Mosher, G.A., Nir Keren,. Charles Hurburgh. 2012. Employee Trust and Its Influence on Quality Climate at Two Administration Levels. The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering (JTMAE), Volume 29, Number 1 (January through March 2013). Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. What Do You Need in a Traceability Solution? 102nd AOCS Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA. May 1, 2012. Invited Oral Presentation. Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. Bulk Grain Traceability:Best Practices: A Joint Session. Review and Update. 2012 AACC Milling and Baking Division Annual Conference, San Diego, CA. May 2, 2012. Invited Oral Presentation. Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. Crop Quality Issues for the 2012 Harvest. Six-part Integrated Crop Management Newsletter Series, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames, IA. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews/August 27, September 4, September 6 (2), September 20, September 29, 2012. Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. The Impact of Drought on Grain Quality. Proc 24TH annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames IA. November 28, 2012. Shaw, Angela, Heather Snyder, Howard Shepherd. 2012. FDA Food Safety Modernization Act: Registration for Current and New Facilities. Voice over Powerpoint presentation. Iowa Grain Quality Initiative, ISU Extension and Outreach. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Grain/Topics/fdarecordcompliance.htm Shaw, Angela, C.R. Hurburgh, Heather Snyder, Howard Shepherd and Connie Hardy. 2012. Food Safety Preventive Control Plan Checklist v2.0. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Iowa Grain Quality Initiative, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Grain/Topics/fdarecordcompliance.htm Channaiah, L.H., Wright, C., Subramanyam, Bh., and D.E. Maier. 2012. Evaluation of chlorine dioxide gas against eggs, larvae, and adults of Triboilum castaneum and T. confusum. In: Navarro S, Banks HJ, Jayas DS, Bell CH Noyes RT, Ferizli AG, Emekci M, Isikber AA, Alagasundaram K, (Eds.) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Antalya, Turkey. 15-19 October 2012, ARBER Professional Congress Services, Turkey PP: 335-541. McNeill, S.G., M.D. Montross, M.E. Casada, S.A. Thompson, J.M. Boac, R. Bhadra, and R.G. Maghirang. 2012. Describing grain packing: a new mathematical model. ASABE Paper No. 12-1338199. Presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Bhadra,R., J.M. Boac, M.E. Casada, M.D. Montross, S.A. Thompson, S.G. McNeil, R.G. Maghirang. 2012. Field Measurements for stored grain packing factor  corn, oats, and soybeans. ASABE Paper No. 12-13338063. Presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Montross, M., S. McNeill, M. Casada, R. Bhadra, J.M. Boac, R.G. Maghirang, S.A. Thompson. 2012. Compaction Behavior of Hard Red Winter Wheat Varieties Compared to Composite Samples. ASABE Paper No. 12-1337871 presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Roberts, K.T., Cui, S.W., Chang, Y.H., Ng, P.K.W., and Graham, T. 2012. The influence of fenugreek gum and extrusion modified fenugreek gum on bread. Food Hydrocolloids 26:350-358. Nyombaire, G. and Ng, P.K.W. 2012. Effects of extrusion on physicochemical and functional properties of washed wheat bran. Cereal Foods World 57:A63 for AACCI Annual Meeting. Masatcioglu, M.T., Koksel, H., and Ng, P.K.W. 2012. Effects of extrusion cooking on furosine formation. 14th ICC Cereal and Bread Congress, August 6-9, 2012, Beijing, China. Tacer Caba, Z., Nilufer Erdil, D., Boyacioglu, M., and Ng, P.K.W. 2012. Interactions between anthocyanins and cereal ingredients during extrusion. Cereal Foods World 57:A72 for AACCI Annual Meeting. Yao, H., Hruska, Z., Kincaid, R., Brown, R.L., Bhatnagar, D., and Cleveland, T.E. SVM-based feature extraction and classification of aflatoxin contaminated corn using fluorescence hyperspectral data. Proceedings of IEEE 4th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing Conference 2012, No. 112, June 4-7, 2012, Shanghai, China. Yao, H., Hruska, Z., Kincaid, R., Brown, R.L., Bhatnagar, D., and Cleveland, T.E. 2012. Differentiation of Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Fungi Inoculated Corn with Hyperspectral Imaging. Proceedings of 2012 SPIE Conference, Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV, 8369-10, April 24-25, 2012, Baltimore, MD Hruska, Z., Yao, H., Kincaid, R., Brown, R. L., Cleveland, T. E., & Bhatnagar, D. 2012. Detecting Contamination in Whole Corn Ears Infected with Toxigenic Aspergillus Flavus Using Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging. WMF/IUPAC 2012 Conference. Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Yao, H., Hruska, Z., Kincaid, R., & Brown, R. L. 2012. Development of a Hyperspectral Instrument for Contamination Detection of Whole Maize Ear. WMF/IUPAC 2012 Conference. Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Adam, Brian D., and Mike Buser. Whole-Chain Traceability  Information Sharing from Farm to Fork and Back Again. Invited Keynote Presentation at 2012 Arkansas Association for Food Protection Conference, Fayetteville, AR, September 11-12, 2012. Jones, Carol L. Grain Grading Systems and Quality Accountability. Aprosoja conference in Sinope, Brazil. With Peter Goldsmith et al. from University of Illinois. October 22-27, 2012. Siaplay, Mounir, Brian D. Adam, B. Wade Brorsen, and Kim Anderson. 2012. Using Basis, Futures Price, and Futures Price Spread as Barometers for Storage Decisions. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(5):15-24. Adam, Brian D. and Corinne Alexander. 2012. Economics of IPM Decisions. Ch. 28 in "Stored Product Protection," edited by David W. Hagstrum, Thomas W. Phillips and Gerrit Cuperus. Available at http://www.entomology.ksu.edu/doc4901.ashx. Jones, Carol, Mark Casada, and Otto Loewer. 2012. Drying, Handling and Storage of Raw Commodities. Ch. 10 in "Stored Product Protection," edited by David W. Hagstrum, Thomas W. Phillips and Gerrit Cuperus. Available at http://www.entomology.ksu.edu/doc4909.ashx. Kenkel, Phil, and Brian Adam. 2012. Economics of Commodity Grading and Segregation. Ch. 29 in "Stored Product Protection," edited by David W. Hagstrum, Thomas W. Phillips and Gerrit Cuperus. Available at http://www.entomology.ksu.edu/doc4839.ashx. Bhadra,R., J.M. Boac, M.E. Casada, M.D. Montross, S.A. Thompson, S.G. McNeil, R.G. Maghirang. 2012. Field Measurements for stored grain packing factor  corn, oats, and soybeans. ASABE Paper No. 12-1338063. Presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. McNeill, S.G., M.D. Montross, M.E. Casada, S.A. Thompson, J.M. Boac, R. Bhadra, and R.G. Maghirang. 2012. Describing grain packing: a new mathematical model. ASABE Paper No. 12-1338199. Presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Montross, M., S. McNeill, M. Casada, R. Bhadra, J.M. Boac, R.G. Maghirang, S.A. Thompson. 2012. Equilibrium moisture content of hard red wheat varieties and composite samples. ASABE Paper No. 12-1337871 presented at ASABE AIM, July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Boac, J.M., M.E. Casada, R.G. Maghirang, and J.P. Harner III. 2011. 3-D and quasi-2-D discrete element modeling of grain commingling in a bucket elevator boot system. Trans. ASABE 55(2): 659-672. Boac, J. M., M. E. Casada, R. G. Maghirang, and J. P. Harner III. 2012. Discrete element modeling of commingling of insect-infested and sound grain kernels. ASABE Paper No. 12-1337463 presented at ASABE Annual International Meeting (AIM). July 29-August 1. Dallas, TX. Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. Maintaining Grain Quality and Controlling Mycotoxins After a Difficult Year. 41st Annual Country Elevator Conference. National Grain and Feed Association, Omaha, NE. December 10, 2012. Invited Oral Presentation Hurburgh, C. R. 2012. The Impact of Drought on Grain Quality. Proc 24TH annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames IA. November 28, 2012. Shaw, Angela, Heather Snyder, Howard Shepherd. 2012. FDA Food Safety Modernization Act: Registration for Current and New Facilities. Voice over Powerpoint presentation. Iowa Grain Quality Initiative, ISU Extension and Outreach. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Grain/Topics/fdarecordcompliance.htm Shaw, Angela, C.R. Hurburgh, Heather Snyder, Howard Shepherd and Connie Hardy. 2012. Food Safety Preventive Control Plan Checklist v2.0. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Iowa Grain Quality Initiative, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Grain/Topics/fdarecordcompliance.htm Lusk, J. and J.L. Parcell. A Partial Equilibrium Model of Adopting High Oleic Soybean Oil. Western Agricultural Economics Association annual meeting, Park City, UT, 2012. Parcell, J.Ll, and G. Tonsor (2012). Information and Market Institutions.In W. Armbruster and R. Knutson (Eds.), Marketing Policy. New York, NY: Springer Publishing. Stadler, T., M. Buteler, D. K. Weaver and S. Sofie. 2012. Comparative toxicity of nanostructured alumina and a commercial inert dust for Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) at varying ambient humidity levels. Journal of Stored Products Research 48: 81- 90.