Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

COLORADO In fall 2012, experimental line CO07W245 was released as Antero. Antero is a medium maturing, medium height, hard white winter wheat (HWW) with average coleoptile length, good straw strength, and excellent test weight. Antero was selected from the cross KS01HW152 1/TAM 111 made in 2003. Antero has good resistance to stripe rust, moderate resistance to stem rust and soilborne mosaic virus, and susceptibility to leaf rust and Russian wheat aphid. Averaged across the 2011 and 2012 Colorado dryland variety trials, Antero was the second highest yielding entry, second only to Byrd HRW (P>0.05). In the 2012 Colorado irrigated variety trials, Antero was also the second highest yielding entry across three trial locations. Dough mixing and bread baking quality characteristics of Antero include medium mixograph mix time, mixograph tolerance score, bake water absorption, and pup loaf volume and crumb grain score. Grain polyphenol oxidase concentration of Antero is medium-high, similar to the HWW checks Snowmass and Thunder CL. Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance of Antero is moderate, better than Platte and similar to Hatcher HRW, Snowmass, and Thunder CL. Routine screening in 2011-2012 included nearly 1200 SKCS, Mixograph, and PPO tests, and over 650 Quadrumat Senior milling and pup-loaf bake tests. Included among these were 75 variety trial samples (three locations) and these data were reported in the CSU variety trial summary. In 2012, we continued quality-related research activities including field and laboratory evaluation of near-isogenic line (NIL) selections for Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 alleles in a Ripper background and genomic selection model development for end-use quality characteristics (including pre-harvest sprouting tolerance). These research projects will form the basis for a PhD dissertation of graduate student Jessica Cooper. IDAHO The most important accomplishment this year is the release of UI Stone soft white spring wheat cultivar. This cultivar has high grain yield and consistent end-use quality under rain-fed and irrigated conditions, good resistance and/or tolerance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), stripe rust, and cereal cyst nematodes. In addition, two elite lines IDO694C and IDO862E are expecting to be released in 2013. IDO694C hard white spring wheat is adapted in both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and has excellent bread baking quality and good resistance to stripe rust. IDO862E hard spring wheat is adapted in rain-fed condition and has improved yield, early maturity, resistance to stripe rust, and good bread baking quality. To speed the release of hard white winter wheat cultivars, we deployed the wheat by maize doubled haploid (DH) system and marker assisted selection (MAS) to select DH lines with desirable glutenin subunits and QTL associated with desirable end-use quality. In 2012, we advanced six DH lines and planted them in the state-wide yield trials and western regional trials in ID, WA, OR, and CO. Using MAS, we also pyramided genes for resistance to FHB (Fhb1), stripe rust (Yr36), Hessian fly (H25), and the high protein content gene GpcB1. Around 30 F6 hard white and red spring lines with the four target genes showed good yield performance and will be advanced and evaluated in multiple environments in 2013. To help our understanding of late maturity alpha amylase, we evaluated a subset of 123 hard white spring lines from the Triticeae CAP for falling number (FN), alpha amylase activity, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), and bread baking quality. QTL associated with these quality traits are being identified. We also did extensive screening of elite spring wheat lines for the same set of traits as in the 123 lines. Based on our preliminary results it is suggested that moisture sensitive alpha amylase (MSA) might be the major source resulting in lines with FN < 300 sec in the areas in southern Idaho. MONTANA SPRING WHEAT Approximately 2,900,000 acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2012. Spring weather was good for planting and establishment. Summer drought was an issue for the southern half of the state especially. The leading variety in Montana was Vida, which has high yield potential related to its ability to maintain green leaves for an extended period after heading. This trait originated in the North Dakota variety Reeder. Vida has also been observed to have some resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. The second leading variety was Choteau, which is primarily grown due solid stems that confer resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. A new variety named Duclair was grown as Foundation seed in 2012. The Clearfield variety WB9879CLP was initially developed through marker-assisted selection, and in cooperation with Westbred. Agripro (Syngenta) released the variety Sy Tyra, which initially came from a marker-assisted project to introgress solid stems. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume. MONTANA WINTER WHEAT Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2012 was 2.17 million acres averaging ~39 bu/acre (total production ~84.6 million bushels). Leading varieties were Yellowstone (22.8%), Genou (19.7%), CDC Falcon (7.0%), Rampart (4.9%), Ledger (4.9%), Jerry (4.9%) and AP503CL2 (4.5%). The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. SY Clearstone 2CL a Yellowstone backcross derivative, was released and licensed to Syngenta. David May, M.S. student, initiated a research project to transfer root lesion nematode resistance into adapted winter wheat cultivars. MONTANA QUALITY PROGRAM We surveyed 255 durum wheat accessions and found two genotypes that lacked the SGP-A1 protein. These genotypes were crossed to Mountrail an adapted durum genotype to create populations segregating for the SSIIa-Ab null allele. The SSIIa-A allelic difference had negligible effects on noodle color traits. Results show that the SSIIa-Ab allele could be used to produce durum based products that are slightly more firm in texture. However the effect of the SSIIa-Ab1 allele may depend on the source. Cooked firmness was increased for the cross with PI 5330546 but not for the cross with IG 86304. The IG 86304 cross had lower kernel weight. The different results for noodle firmness and kernel weight between these sources may be because the two sources of the SSIIa-Ab null mutation contributed different linkages to the segregating populations. Two studies on puroindolines were published in 2012. In one, seeds varying in puroindoline levels were incubated in infected Penicillium sp. soil. Seeds with very high levels of puroindolines exhibited reduced fungal infection and increased germination. However, the reduced infection levels were not seen in hard/soft near-isogenic lines but rather only in transgenic lines with high level puroindoline over-expression. The second study followed up on our previous observation that puroindolines increase polar lipids in mature seeds. To follow that study we examined polar lipid levels throughout seed development in both hard and soft wheat seeds. The results demonstrated that the impact of both PINA and PINB increased throughout seed development with greater decreases in polar lipids seen in hard wheat seeds versus soft wheat seeds. Thus, puroindolines help to prevent polar lipid breakdown during seed maturation. OREGON OSU cereal quality lab worked on these projects in 2012: Quality testing of OSU winter wheat breeding lines, non-amylase factors influencing Falling Number, oxidative gelation of soft wheat flour, effects of flour aging on downstream functionality, and on food barley. Outcomes included release of two new soft wheat cultivars: Bobtail with soft wheat quality in the upper 1/3 of all current soft white winter cultivars, and Rosalyn, with average soft wheat quality [= to Stephens] but a valuable improvement in quality over the footrot resistant variety it seeks to replace. We uncovered evidence that grain protein concentration (GPC) affects the baseline Falling Number of soft white winter wheat in the absence of elevated alpha-amylase levels. We observed between approximately 10 and 20 seconds increase in Falling Number for every 1% increase in GPC in sound grain. Flour aging studies showed high variability in solvent retention capacity (SRC) when flour is tested on the day of milling. Freshly milled flour also overestimated both lactic and carbonate SRC values. Water and sucrose SRCs and oxidative gelation potential all slightly but significantly increased over two months of flour storage. Food barley work began to build a suite of tests to provide a specification framework for this commodity that currently does not exist. WSU WINTER WHEAT Our breeding efforts continue to focus on developing high yielding, good quality, and stripe rust resistance lines. In addition to these main characteristics, we include agronomic traits such as good emergence, cold tolerance, and Aluminum tolerance. Other diseases of importance are eyespot foot rot resistance, Cephalosporium stripe resistance, SBWMV resistance, and snow mold resistance. We have identified many SNP markers linked to stripe rust resistance, eyespot resistance, end-use quality, and agronomic traits which are being used in marker-assisted selection protocols. We have begun association mapping efforts on stripe rust, drought tolerance, and end-use quality. We have released a new hard red winter line named Sprinter and have proposed a soft white winter line, WA8134, for release targeted to the high rainfall regions of the state. We have multiple lines developed and in testing with 2-gene resistance to Imazamox. Our doubled-haploid efforts have generated over 5,000 lines to be field tested. We continue to couple this effort with our MAS effort to effectively and efficiently develop material to test under field conditions. WSU QUALITY PROGRAM The WSU wheat quality program has worked with the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory in evaluation of 1,053 wheat breeding lines harvested in 2011 from the WSU spring and winter wheat breeding programs and Vogel chair program to facilitate development of wheat varieties possessing desirable end-use quality characteristics. Wheat breeding lines were tested for milling quality, composition, biochemical properties and baking performance. The test results were utilized by WSU wheat breeders in the selection of breeding lines of desirable end-use quality. We evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of wheat starch on sponge cake baking quality. The qualitative effects were tested using wheat flours and isolated starches of various amylose contents, while the quantitative effects were determined using the isolated starches of various quantities and the starch-gluten blends of various ratios. Our study indicates that starch properties including amylose content and pasting properties as well as proportion of starch evidently play significant roles in sponge cake baking quality of wheat flour. Starch amylose content is positively related to sponge cake volume. More than 80 g starch or greater than 75% starch in starch-gluten blends in replacement of 100 g wheat flour was needed to produce sponge cake having the maximum volume potential. We also studied the influence of bran particle size on whole wheat bread quality and starch retrogradation of bread crumb. Bran particle size had significant influences on dough property, bread-baking quality and starch retrogradation of bread crumb. Fine grinding of bran expedited starch regrogradation and subsequently staling of bread crumb during storage.

Akman, H., M. Giroux, P. Bruckner, and A. Topal. 2012. Wheat root systems, genetics and methodology for evaluation of root characteristics: A review. Selçuk Tar1m ve G1da Bilimleri Dergisi 25(4):109-117 http://www.ziraat.selcuk.edu.tr/ojs/index.php/ziraat/article/view/142/208 Baik, B.-K., E. P. Fuerst, T. Harris, E. A. Wegner, and S. Fulton. 2012. Influences of mill type on baking properties and lipid oxidation of whole grain wheat flour during storage. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma177.htm Beecher B.S.*, A.H. Carter, and D.R. See. 2012. Genetic mapping of a new family of seed-expressed polyphenol oxidase genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124:1463-1473 Cai, L., Hyun, J., Kim, K., Choi, I., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of bran particle size on bread-baking quality of whole grain wheat flour. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma21.htm Carter, A.H.*, D.K. Santra, and K.K. Kidwell. 2012. Assessment of the effect of the GPC-B1allele on senescence rate, grain protein concentration and mineral content in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Plant Breeding 131:62-68 Chen, J., Ch. Chu, E.J. Souza, M.J. Guttieri, X. Chen, S. Xu, D. Hole, and R. Zemetra. 2012. Whole genome-wide mapping for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in a hard red winter wheat germplasm IDO444. Molecular Breeding 29: 791  800 Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Use of dried egg powder in sponge cake baking test and flour-water batter viscosity as an estimate of sponge cake baking quality. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma23.htm Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of starch property and quantity on sponge cake baking quality of soft white wheat. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma22.htm Choi, H.-W., Harris, T., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Improvement of sponge cake baking test procedure for simple and reliable estimation of soft white wheat quality. Cereal Chem. 89:73-78 Flowers M, Hamm PB, Carter AH, and Murray TD*. 2012. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to soilborne wheat mosaic. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:CF025 Guomei Wang, Jeff M. Leonard, Andrew S. Ross, C. James Peterson, Robert S. Zemetra, Kimberly Garland-Campbell, Oscar Riera-Lizarazu. 2012. Identification of Genetic Factors Controlling Kernel Hardness and Related Traits in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Soft X Extra-soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124: 207-221 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Byrd' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:302-305 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Denali' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:311-314 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, P.H. Westra, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Brawl CL Plus' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:306-310 Kang, C.-S., Jeung, J.-U., Baik, B.-K., and Park, C. S. 2012. Effects of allelic variations in Wx-1, Glu-D1, Glu-B3 and Pinb-D1 loci on flour characteristics and white salted noodle making quality of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 89:296-306 Kidwell, K. K., G. Shelton, V. Demacon, X. Chen, S. O. Gyu, J. S. Kuehner, B.-K. Baik, D. A. Engle, and N. Bosque-Perez. 2012. Registration of Babe wheat. J. Plant Registrations 6:156-160 Kim, K-H., L. Feiz, A.T. Dyer, W. Grey, A.C. Hogg, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. Increased resistance to Penicillium seed rot in transgenic wheat over-expressing puroindolines. J Phytopathology 160 (5):243-247 Kim, K.-H., L. Feiz, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. Puroindolines are associated with decreased polar lipid breakdown during wheat seed development. J Cereal Science 56(2):142-146 Lanning, S. P., P. Hucl, M. Pumphrey, A. H. Carter, P. F. Lamb, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, D. Spaner, J. M. Martin and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Agronomic performance of spring wheat as related to planting date and photoperiod response. Crop Sci. 52:1633-1639 Lanning, S. P., J. M. Martin, R. N. Stougaard, F. R. Guillen-Portal, N. K. Blake, J. D. Sherman, A. M. Robbins, K. D. Kephart, P. Lamb, G. R. Carlson, M. Pumphrey, and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Evaluation of near-isogenic lines for three height-reducing genes in hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci. 52:1145-1152 Lanning, SP, Hucl P, Pumphrey M, Carter AH, Lamb PF, Carlson GR, Wichman DM, Kephart KD, Spaner D, Martin JM, and Talbert LE*. 2012. Agronomic performance of spring wheat as related to planting date and photoperiod response. Crop Science 52:1633-1639 Liu, S.Y., C.A. Griffey, M.D. Hall, J. Chen, S. Liu, D. Tucker, W.S. Brooks. 2012. Registration of Becker/Massey Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Mapping Population. J. Plant Registration 3:358-362 Moffett, M., M. Burrows, P. Bruckner, and J. Berg. 2012. Evaluation of fungicides for control of stem rust in Montana, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:CF012. Online publication. doi: doi:10.1094/PDMR06 Naruoka, Y., J. D. Sherman, S. P. Lanning, N. K. Blake, J. M. Martin, and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Genetic analysis of green leaf duration in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 52:99-109 Park, E. Y., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Effects of phytates on dough and bread characteristics of wheat flour. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma59.htm Poole GJ, R.W. Smiley, T.C. Paulitz, A.H. Carter, D.R. See, and K. Garland-Campbell*. 2012. Identification of microsatellite markers Xgwm247 and Xgwm299 linked to quantitative trait loci for resistance to Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) in two spring wheat populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:91-107 Ross A.S., Flowers M.D., Zemetra R.S., Kongraksawech T. 2012. Effect of grain protein concentration on Falling Number of un-germinated soft-white winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry 89: 307-310 Schlosser, A. J., J. M. Martin, L.C. Hannah, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. The maize leaf starch mutation agps-m1 has diminished field growth and productivity. Crop Sci. 52(2): 700-70