Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Attached to this summary of minutes for 2012....is the Five Year Final report (2007 - 2012). Thanks to Jerry Hogsette for serving as the Local Arrangements Chair! January 10, 2012: Introductions of group members (27 participants) Dan Strickman for Herb Bolton - hbolton@nifa.usda.gov. NIFA and ARS have taken approx. 13% cuts over the last few years. Dr. Rick Meyer retired in 2011 (previous USDA-NIFA NPL for multi-state project. Dr. Bolton is the new NPL. Four regional IPM centers are returned to 2010 funding. Smith-Lever funding remains the same as the past year. NIFA is waiting on guidance to determine 2012 funding levels. To find grants, take advantage of USDA-NIFA search engine to get updates on grant programs. We are on a continuation of the old Farm Bill which means that the Specialty Crops Research Initiative continues in the current year - very nice funding if your research area fits well. Herb is a proponent of extension - mentioned that there were Communities of Practice with possible links to the interests of those in S-1030. Dan Strickman for USDA-ARS - four programs including screw worm program in Central America. Laboratory in Lincoln has expanded research aims to flies beyond stable flies. Kerrville program continues fly research with connections to Cattle Tick Fever program. Florida group has a new CRIS project with aims specifically to higher flies. New laboratory in Kansas (BSL3 containment) is co-located with Kansas State. Kansas also selected as the site for the new BSL4 animal diseases facility (replacement for Plum Island facility) to open in 2020. Rick Roeder (S1030 Advisor) - land grant universities funding comes mainly through state (80%) with Hatch allocation providing perhaps 20% of funding. Hatch allocation has not changed this year. The current 5 year project is coming to a close. Need to submit paperwork to begin a new 5 yr project. Rick suggested that the S1030 group submit for the 2012 Experiment Station Section Award. Appoint a few senior members to work with Rick to submit for this award. Application due by Feb. 29th. Objective 1.1 Roger Moon - Interest in focusing on stable fly development sites during critical times to provide some source reduction in the spring. Interest in developing critical management time. National survey of SF development under local conditions. Participants from many US states. Developed a temperature dependent growth model. Determined lower and upper temperature thresholds. Recommends use of NAPPFAST weather reporting stations - locations across the continent. Will further this work in the next project. Lane Foil - presented work conducted in Brazil. Stable fly problems associated with ethanol production in Matto Grosso de Sol. As part of the EtOH production process, there is a liquid byproduct (Vinhata) that is sprayed onto untilled post-harvest fields. Flies are produced in sugar cane residues as well as in fields sprayed with the Vinhata. Dave Taylor - measured electrical conductivity, water content, pH, total carbon, etc&. associated with hay circles. EC was highly correlated with most of the soil variables. Another study utilized GPS collars on cattle to measure distance between animals during SF activity season. Idea was to evaluate effect of SF on bunching of animals. Continuing interest to characterize larval habitat of SF. Continuing interest in dispersal. Objective 1.2 Alec Gerry - demonstrated FlySpotter software to enumerate house fly activity at animal facilities using spot cards. Jerry Hogsette - discussed aircraft disinsection. Utilized air curtains and screens to prevent egress of insects from airplanes arriving from areas where importation of pests or vectors is a concern. Additionally discussed work using traps (Farnam traps) in trapping systems. No effect on control when using single traps. Multiple traps provided better reduction in fly numbers; but, how many are needed? Wes Watson - movement of house flies among livestock facilities. Recovered antibiotic resistant bacteria in pigs and flies on facilities that do not utilize antibiotics. Looked at fly movement between facilities as a source of introducing antibiotic resistant bacteria. Captured flies using nithiazine baited traps. Reared flies marked with fluorescent dusts and then released at a single site. Flies marked with different colors for release at different sites. Recaptures at 24 and 72 hr. Showed movement between at least a nearby swine and beef facility, but not between these facilities and the dairy. Objective 2 Astri Wayadande - filth flies as disseminators of human pathogens to plants. Bacteria can multiply on the plant surface following deposition in fly regurgitant. Examined differential deposition of two bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella) on flies and from flies to lettuce plants. Appear to show variation, but not significant - more trials needed. With Justin Talley, examined fly dispersal at a feedlot. With Alec Gerry, examining house fly response to volatiles associated with honeydew infested plant material in the field. Also examined the ability to trace back fly production site using stable isotope analysis. Will continue describing inoculation of plant material by contaminated flies. Will also continue looking at fly response to honeydew volatiles and fly dispersal through dispersal corridors. Jerry Zhu - looking at stable fly response to volatiles associated with oviposition media (horse manure). Found response to octenol in the lab. In the field, adding attractant lures to media resulted in increased oviposition. Also, looking at botanical-based repellents/deterrents. One repellent identified is acting as both a contact as well as a spatial repellent. Looked at inhibition of larval growth by individual bacteria. Dana Nayduch - interactions between house flies and microbes. Fed flies GFP-labeled pathogens to examine these interactions and how fly immune response impacts pathogen survival. Looked at species and dose-specific results. Looked at different bacterial doses as well as species to contrast their interactions with flies. Species and dose specific fates. Persistence by some bacteria within the flies. Colonization in the peritrophic membrane as well as movement into the crop for some species. Looked at humoral immune response of defensin, cecropin and diptericin. Ludek Zurek - Interest in pre-harvest food strategies to minimize bacterial contamination in beef facilities. House flies known to carry E. coli. Sampled steam flaked corn at 0, 4, and 6 hours to determine the presence and abundance of fecal coliforms. Flies and corn shared at least a few bacteria with identical PFGE response indicating identical clones. Steam flaked corn is colonized after just a few hours even in the absence of flies in the winter. Objective 3.1 Dave Taylor - efficacy of cyromazine in hay feeding sites. Used granular formulation of cyromazine. Significant reduction in stable fly numbers in locations where cyromazine was used. Reduced fly production lasted for 60+ days. Article on economic impact of stable flies is in the January issue of J. Med. Ent. Andrew Li - pyriproxyfen and buprofezin inhibition of SF egg hatching. Used larval manure assay and topical assay against adults. High concentrations of pyriproxyfen reduced pupation rate and emergence rate. Buprofezin did not work as effectively. Pyriproxyfen also provided good control of adult flies while buprofezin was not as effective. Pyriproxyfen reduced the number of viable eggs in treated adults as well as the hatch rate of eggs laid, but only young adult females not older adult females - the effect is apparently occurring on the developing oocytes. Dave Beresford - sampled SF on dairies in Canada. Found Coroplast (real estate sign plastic) to work as or more effectively than Alsynite. Examined trap height and found counts highest at lower trap heights. SF population growth is exponential with adjusted degree day models used to linearize the data. Modeled a colonization event and shape of the population growth in Canada. Pattern similar between climatic zones. Coroplast catches primarily nulliparous flies so could be used to sample this population. Study to test whether SF management could reduce the number of SF (change in slope of catch per adjusted degree day). No difference in growth rate between farms when no SF treatments applied. However, when SF management is applied there was a reduction in the rate of growth (rate of SF activity increase). For more information on using adjusted degree days for modeling rate of activity increase look at manuscript in Oikos 118: 115-121. Dave Boxler - evaluated whether pasture location affected fly population. Compared a 1 sq ft.North Plattetrap with a Broce trap. Currently evaluating data. Also conducted ear tag (Corathon) study to estimate reduction of horn fly, stable fly, and face fly. Treated animals had a 76% reduction in horn flies per cow. Will repeat study this year and look at calf weight gains. A study at a second site showed 60% reduction in SF numbers with some reduction in weight gains. Examined the knockdown and repellency of lemon grass oil. Water-based formulation had no effect, but a mineral based formulation might have some value. Worked with leg band targetsusing the blue-black cloth design of Lane Foil with small swatch of cloth wrapped around the hind leg of a horse. Jerry Hogsette - third year looking at stable fly management at the Washington National Zoo using treated targets. Worked with Vestergaard Frandsen treated barrier fence (deltamethrin) to reduce biting flies of livestock. Lane Foil - varying pasture size with and without cattle to evaluate treated targets. Pasture sizes less than 10 acres are needed to see a reduction in flies when using 4 treated targets at the pasture edge. Treated targets attract older female flies. Animal behavior proved to be a good way to assess stable fly activity. Tested various target cloth materials. Lab tests with the Vestergaard Frandsen fabrics - killed stable flies quickly. Treated larval habitats surrounded with treated VF netting. Treated fencing around larval habitats significantly reduced the number of adult flies captured on Alsynite traps placed within the treated fence area. Roger Moon - study effects of SF on growing dairy calves insuper hutches. Did not see an effect on weight gain at SF numbers up to 5 flies per leg. Video taped animal behaviors over 12 hr periods to analyze behavior changes with changing SF release rates. Interested in density dependent feeding behaviors. Chris Geden - student just finished Masters on Spalangia cameroni foraging behaviors locating host larvae. Will continue this work for a Ph.D. project. Working with Lincoln ARS to look at methods for collecting parasitoids. Salivary gland hypertrophy virus work is nearly at an end. The virus is very likely transmitted in the field, but in the lab, infection rates remain low. Worked with drugs to increase susceptibility of flies by affecting the peritrophic matrix, but these seem to kill the flies. Looking at thermal regulators of behavior. Also, looking at effects of fungal pathogens on virus-infected flies. Don Rutz - Beauveria studies with JABB of the Carolinas. First year trials appeared promising. The second year did not give good results. Jim redeveloped the bait stations. Used first 5, then 10 bait stations and finally sprayed twice per week. Did not get control of flies. Phil Kaufman - UF still has the homozygous resistant (permethrin) colony of SF if anyone is looking for one. House flies studies. Selected an imidacloprid resistant colony from field flies. Selected using a 70% mortality selection process for next generation to get rid of susceptible flies. Initially used technical imidacloprid and now using QuickBayt. Scoring feeding in choice or no-choice treatments every 15 minutes. Mortality assessed out to 96 hrs. Saw reductions in percent mortality in later generations of flies on choice assays in particular. Appears to be some difference in mortality between males and females - male mortality is higher in the choice treatments. Chris Geden - examined pyriproxyfen dusts for control of house flies. Adults were significantly reduced when larval habitat was treated. Flies treated directly with PPX dust produced fewer surviving offspring. Gravid flies were allowed to contact a dust treated cloth and there was some suppression of the next generation of flies when flies oviposited on untreated media. Examined autodissemination - dust flies, allow them to lay eggs, clean the eggs, and then allow to develop - no effect, thus no direct affects to the developing fly exclusive of dust transfer to oviposition sites by treated adult males. With high concentration formulations, control reaches the 93+% level. Testing autodissemination station designs to infect adult female flies. Looked at efficacy of a mix of Rosemary and Mint oils (EcoExempt). Pretty good activity against adults in treated containers, very little effect to larvae. Showed repellency from oviposition medium when EcoExempt was added to the oviposition media. Efficacy does not last long. Dan Strickman - Dr. Alexandra Chaskopoulou, working at USDS ARS lab in Thessaloniki, Greece, tested fly trap developed by Joe Diclaro and Phil Koehler, University of Florida. The trap maximizes visual cues to attract house flies to imidacloprid Maxforce sugar bait. She was able to demonstrate good control of flies for protection of people near a cow barn. Business Meeting: 1. Next S1030 Meeting will be hosted by Lane Foil at LSU. 2. Rick Roeder would like to nominate S1030 for Experiment Station Award. Roger Moon, Nancy Hinkle, Chris Geden volunteered to work with Rick to develop the award nomination. 3. It was recognized that we did not need to elect a new Chair and Vice Chair at this time. Rather what we needed was a Proposal Development Committee. Seeing that we had already roped a number of folks into writing sections of a replacement proposal for our multi-state group, we simply decided that these folks would constitute the Proposal Development Committee. They are: Alec Gerry, Wes Watson, Jeff Scott, Ludek Zurek, Dave Taylor, Don Rutz, Holly Ferguson, Nancy Hinkle January 11, 2012: General discussion of the S1030 replacement project objectives. Specific objectives and subobjectives were discussed and decided upon. These are indicated below: Fly Management in Animal Agriculture Systems and Impacts on Animal Health and Food Safety: 1. New technologies for management of biting and nuisance flies in organic and conventional systems (lead author - W. Watson) a. Novel push-pull strategies (Watson, Gerry, Zhu, Foil, Boxler, Loftin) b. Evaluation of improved monitoring systems (Gerry, Moon. Hogsette, Talley, Ferguson, Geden, Trout-Fryxell, Beresford) c. Novel toxicants and delivery systems (Li, Geden, Zhu, Talley, Boxler) d. Non-pesticide management options (biological, cultural and mechanical) (Kaufman, Watson, Moon, Geden, Hogsette, Loftin, Ferguson, Taylor, Zhu, Gerry, Rutz, Weeks, Pitzer, Beresford) 2. Insecticide resistance detection and management (lead author - J. Scott) a. Assessment of insecticide resistance (Scott, Kaufman, Watson, Gerry, Moon, Ferguson, Li, Foil, Boxler, Olafson, Pitzer) b. Leveraging the Stomoxys and Musca genomes for novel control measures (Scott, Olafson, Zurek) 3. Microbial ecology and epithelial immunity of biting and nuisance flies (lead author - L. Zurek) a. Identification of the role of key bacterial strains and their metabolites on the biology of biting and non-biting flies (Zhu, Zurek, Wayadande, Hale) b. Investigation of the midgut epithelial immunity of flies (Olafson, Nayduch, Zurek) c. Pathogen acquisition, dispersal and deposition by flies (Watson, Talley, Wayadande, Kaufman, Gerry, Zurek, Moon, Nayduch) 4. Characterize population biology of biting and nuisance flies (lead author - D. Taylor) a. Characterize effects of climate and landscape features on dispersal (Kaufman, Gerry, Hogsette, Beresford, Talley, Taylor, Boxler, Watson, Li) b. Phenological and environmental effects on biting and nuisance fly populations (Moon, Taylor, Beresford) c. Larval developmental habitat source identification (Taylor, Hogsette, Beresford, Moon) 5. Community and stakeholder engagement (Lead authors - Rutz, Ferguson, Hinkle) a. Commodity meeting presence (All) b. Electronic and print communications (individual & collaborative) (All)

ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING 2011: Objective 1: Characterize dispersal and population biology of stable flies and house flies and develop monitoring methods for use in indoor and outdoor environments. Subobjective 1: Characterize stable fly origins and dispersal a. Larval habitats of stable flies. A spatial analysis of biological (microbial respiration rate), chemical (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], total nitrogen [N] and carbon [C], ammoniacal nitrogen [NH4-N], extractable phosphorus [P]), and physical (depth, temperature, water content) properties of substrates associated with winter hay feeding sites was completed. Hay feeding sites had a circular footprint with residues extending H7 m from the feeder. With the exception of extractable P and total N, all substrate properties exhibited spatial patterns centered on the feeder location. Adult stable fly emergence densities were correlated with substrate microbial respiration rate, NH4-N concentration, EC, total C concentration, pH, and moisture content. Logistic regression indicated that all of those parameters were correlated with EC and that EC best predicted the probability of stable flies emerging from a substrate. The other properties did not provide additional information. Studies were initiated to assess temporal variation in microbial communities associated with winter hay feeding site substrates. b. Climatic factors affecting stable fly populations. Objective completed during the previous year. c. Dispersal of Stable Flies. A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to identify the blood meal source of stable flies that have fed on humans, horses, cattle and dogs has been further refined and results suggest that there is a relationship between adult reproductive capability and temporal detection limits of the assay. A series of studies was conducted to determine appropriate targets and target placement for achieving stable fly control with treated targets. A electric grid study was also conducted to compare the attraction of solid blue and solid black cloth targets to our standard blue/black target. Overall, the mean number of flies collected per hour for black and blue/black were not different. Electric grid studies were also used to determine if the height that targets were placed above ground influenced the number of flies collected, and found that targets need to be placed at ground level. The number of targets per acre that would be required to kill stable flies closely associated with cattle was assessed with optimal target density determined to be two targets per acre. A preliminary study to protect cattle from stable fly attack using treated targets was performed, and results showed that the number of flies per animal and the number of stomps per group were lower for herds with treated targets. d. Overwintering dynamics of stable fly throughout the USA. Objective completed during the previous year. Subobjective 2: Improve understanding of house fly dispersal and behavior, and develop methods for monitoring them in indoor and outdoor environments. a. Trapping and Monitoring Methods. FlySpotter software developed to count fly spots on white index cards has been upgraded with new reporting and graphing features to improve user acceptance. The software has been copyrighted by the University of California at Riverside, and we are currently looking for a commercial partner to sell this software. Additional testing of the accuracy and user acceptance of this software has been ongoing, and will continue into 2013. During the 2011 season in Washington State, face fly and horn fly abundance were monitored with digital photography in six cow-calf herds to determine the efficacy of commercially available ear tags against these fly species. Counting face flies on cattle face photos proved to be easier and less time-consuming than counting horn flies on side views of cattle. Adjustments to settings on the camera (e.g., increased resolution and aperture priority options) helped to mitigate the poor light conditions during the late morning photo shoots. Terminator traps were placed at three dairies in north central Florida to evaluate trap performance against house flies when deployed individually and in groups of two or three. Although fly means compared favorable between individual traps and groups of traps, means among groups of traps were significantly different. This demonstrates the problems associated with trap placement even within relatively small areas. Additional testing will be done to determine if trap placement can be improved by relating it to an index of flies recoded at the time the traps are set. b. Dispersal and Behavior. Completed second year of a multi- year study to evaluate the possibilities that pasture location has a bearing on pasture fly populations. During 2011, two new pasture sites were added due to flooding issues at two of our 2010 study sites. Data from 2011 study is waiting analysis. A demonstration of the air curtain system for preventing flies and mosquitoes from entering commercial aircraft was conducted at the Accra (Ghana) International Airport in cooperation with Delta Airlines and the US Department of Transportation. The positive aspects of the demonstration were that the air curtain system could be installed on the truck-mounted stairs used at many airports and the net doors could be easily mounted on the doors used by catering and cleaning crews. An unexpected negative aspect was that the electrical systems on the truck-mounted stairs were not designed to handle the extra power required to operate the air curtain units. Auxiliary generators have been purchased and are being installed on the trucks for ample supplemental electrical power. Objective 2: Establish extent of fly-borne dispersal of human and animal pathogens a. Human Pathogens. See section 2b below. b. Animal Pathogens. Enterococcus faecalis is an important nosocomial pathogen and house flies have been implicated in the dissemination of this bacterium. In this study, GFP-expressing E. faecalisOG1RF:pMV158 was used to track the fate of the bacterium in the digestive tract of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.) to assess the vector potential of this insect for E. faecalis. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were obtained from viable fluorescing E. faecalis recovered from mouthparts and digestive tract regions (labelum, foregut, midgut, and hindgut) at 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the bacterial exposure. Bacterial counts were signicantly highest in the midgut at 1 h and 4 h and declined during the first 24 h. In the labelum, E. faecalis concentrations were low within the first 24 h and then greatly increased. Bacterial counts and direct observations of the digestive tract under a dissecting microscope with ultra violet light revealed that E. faecalis peaked in the crop after 48 h and remained high until the end of the experiment. Concentrations of E. faecalis in the hindgut were low when compared with other parts of the digestive tract. Microscopy and CFU counts suggest that E. faecalis was digested in the midgut but proliferated in the crop. Both drinking water and feed (flaked corn) sampled at the end of the assay (96 h) were contaminated by fluorescing E. faecalis, demonstrating that the flies disseminated E. faecalis. Our data support the notion that house flies can act as a bioenhanced vector for bacteria. Objective 3. Improve management tactics for stable flies and house flies. a. Biological Control. The seasonality and abundance of pteromalid parasitoids have been documented on Florida equine facilities. Parasitoids from the genus Spalangia were abundant, with negligible other species recovered from naturally-occurring fly pupae. The impact from this research indicates that equine owners should only release parasitoids from this genus, avoiding species that do not do well in Florida conditions. b. Chemical control. The University of Florida submitted a patent for a novel trapping technology which attracts and kills house flies when combined with a toxic fly spot bait. The device is now available commercially as the Florida-Fly Baiter. In 2011 field trials were initiated in Greece to optimize the usage of the commercial version of the product in the field at various conditions. Small scale field trials were conducted to test the efficacy of the house fly killing device with Maxforce bait to control house fly populations in a heavily infested environment (i.e. open animal facilities) and an environment of a low/medium infestation (i.e. household or restaurant facilities in proximity to animal facilities). Initial data indicated excellent performance of the traps in reducing house fly populations in residential areas in proximity to animal facilities. However, efficacy was significantly reduced when traps were deployed within animal facilities. Ear tag efficacy trials were performed from June to October 2011 in Washington State, using one control herd and five treated herds. While up to three months of control for horn flies was achieved with all three tested ear tags, the same ear tag treatments showed much lower efficacy against face flies. Field-collected horn flies and face flies were evaluated for insecticide resistance against synergized zeta-cypermethrin, synergized abamectin, and diazinon, using a petri dish/filter paper assay. In horn fly, a low level of resistance was found for synergized zeta-cypermethrin, while a moderate level of resistance was found for diazinon. No resistance factors could be calculated for face fly because there are no published LC50s for susceptible face fly populations. Based on the LC50s determined for face fly, levels of resistance are presumed similar to what was found for the local horn fly populations. While synergized abamectin was efficacious against horn fly (LC50=6.12 µg/cm2), no mortality was seen for face flies even at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/cm2). No resistance was detected for synergized abamectin for either fly species. An essential oil, lemongrass (water-based formulation) was evaluated as a knockdown and as a vapor against stable flies. Studies indicated that a water-based formulation provided significantly less mortality than an oil-based formulation. Final year investigating the effects of plant essential oils on stable fly electrophysiology and behavioral repellency, and as a toxicant. The morphology of antennal sensilla thought to be involved in stable fly detection of essential oils were described. Four different insecticide ear tags from the Y-TEX Corporation were evaluated against horn flies, face flies, and stable flies. Results from this study indicated that the XP-820 insecticide ear tag continues to provide the greatest degree of efficacy against horn fly numbers. Initiated a two year study with Bayer Animal Health to evaluate the impact of Corathon" insecticide ear tags on pasture fly control and evaluate that added effect of fly control on calf and stocker weight gains. Preliminary work was initiated to design and evaluate a stable fly leg patch for the control of stable fly numbers on pastured cattle. Initial studies focused on patch size, shape and adherence properties. The year of stable fly management trials was completed in November, 2011, at the Washington National Zoo. Blue-black cloth targets impregnated with 1% deltamethrin were used intermittently to effect a short-term reduction in populations. Data are still being analyzed. Many stable flies were captured with the parasitic mite, Trichotrombidium muscarum, attached, thus indicating they had originated from semi-permanent habitats. No fly breeding sites have been found at the zoo grounds. Management trials will continue in 2012. Designed studies to manage stables flies, tsetse flies and tabanids around swine and dairy zero grazing units and visited study sites in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda for Vestergaard-Frandsen, Lausanne, Switzerland. Studies are in various stages of initiation and will be conducted through the next reporting period. The efficacy of a granular formulation of cyromazine (Neporex 2SG) to control immature stable flies developing in winter hay feeding sites was assessed. A single application of granular cyromazine in May provided 97% reduction in the number of adult stable flies emerging from sites. Stable fly control did not decline during the 12 wk season. A small decline in control was observed relative to anthomyiid, sarcophagid, and syrphid flies developing in the sites. However, none of those flies are considered to be pests and e 50% control of those flies was maintained for 65 d after application. c. Insecticide Resistance Management. Objective completed during the previous year.

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The ability of selected pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to locate stable fly hosts in a soiled equine bedding substrate. Environmental Entomology 40: 88-93. Pitzer, J.B., P.E. Kaufman, J.A. Hogsette, C.J. Geden, and S.H. TenBroeck. 2011. Seasonal abundance of stable flies and filth fly pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at Florida equine facilities. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 1108-1115. Pitzer, J.B., P.E. Kaufman, S.H. TenBroeck, and J.E. Maruniak. 2011. Host blood meal identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for dispersal evidence of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) between livestock facilities. Journal of Medical Entomology. 48: 53-60. Rochon, K, R. B. Baker, G. W. Almond and D. W. Watson. 2011. Assessment of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. J. Med. Entomol. 48: 876-883. Schole, L.A., D.B. Taylor, and D.R. Brink. 2011. Response of growing calves to stable flies. The Professional Animal Scientist 27: 133-140. Tangtrakulwanich, K., H. Chen, F. Baxendale, G. Brewer, and J. J. Zhu. 2011. Characterization of olfactory sensilla of Stomoxys calcitrans and electrophysiological responses to odorant compounds associated with hosts and oviposition media. Med. Vet. Entomol. 25 (3): 327-336. Taylor, D.B., and D. R. Berkebile. 2011. Phenology of Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae in Round Bale Hay Feeding Sites in Eastern Nebraska. Environ. Entomol. 40: 184-193. Taylor, D.B., R.D. Moon, and D.R. Mark. 2012. Economic Impact of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Cattle Production. J. Med. Entomol. 49: 198-209. Urech, R., R. L. Bright, P. E. Green, G. W. Brown, J. A. Hogsette, A. G. Skerman, M. M. Elson-Harris, D. G. Mayer. 2012. Temporal and spatial trends in adult nuisance fly populations on Australian cattle feedlots. Australian J. Entomol. (Accepted 13 October 2011). (in press) Zhu, J., D. Berkebile, C. Dunlap, A. Zhang, D. Boxler, K. Tangtrakulwanich, R. Behle, F. Baxendale, G. Brewer. 2011. Nepetalactones from essential oil of Nepeta cataria represent a stable fly feeding and ovipositional repellent. Med. Vet. Entomol. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00972.x. Zhu, J., A. Y. Li, S. Pritchard, K. Tangtrakulwanich, F. P. Baxendale, and G. Brewer. 2011. Contact and fumigant toxicity of a botanical-based feeding deterrent of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Agric. Food Chem. 59 (18): 10394-10400. Zhu, J. 2011. Contact and spatial repellency from catnip essential, Nepeta cataria, against stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, and other filth flies, pp 79-96. in Recent Developments in Invertebrate Repellents (eds. Coats and Paluch). Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 1090 (Peer-Reviewed Book Chapter). Extension Publications: Anderson, M., and P.E. Kaufman. 2011. Common green bottle fly, sheep blow fly, Lucillia sericata (Meigen) (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae). Featured Creatures. 4 pp. EENY-406. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/livestock/flies/lucilia_sericata.htm Boxler, D. J. 2011. Do You Have an Effective Fly Control Program In Place. Tri-State Livestock News. Boxler, D. J. 2011. Revision of Nebraska Management Guide for Arthropod Pests of Livestock and Horses - EC1550. Diaz, L.A., and P.E. Kaufman. 2011. A flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Marquart (Insecta: Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Featured Creatures. 6 pp. EENY-503. http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/flies/sarcophaga_crassipalpis.htm Ferguson, H. J. 2011. Livestock: Beef cattle pests. Revised section for 2012 Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook, (http://uspest.org/pnw/insects (also available in hard-copy). Fitzpatrick, D. and P.E. Kaufman. 2011. Horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus) Insecta: Diptera: Muscidae). Featured Creatures. 7 pp. EENY-490 (IN885) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in885 Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Animals: Fly Control in Livestock Facilities.2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 728-729. Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Beef Cattle External Parasite and Grub Control.2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 730-744. Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Dairy Cattle External Parasite and Cattle Grub Control. 2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 745-758. Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Cattle Ear Tags.2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, p. 759. Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Fly Control in Horse Facilities.2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 766-767. Hinkle, N.C. 2011. Poultry - Fly Control.2011 Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 770-772. Kaufman, P.E. 2011. Where Are All of those Flies Coming From? The Answer May Surprise You. Proceedings of the Florida Equine Institute & Allied Trade Show. Ocala, FL. 09/15/2011. Kaufman, P.E. 2011. University of Florida Veterinary Entomology program web site: http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/kaufman/vetentlab/ Kaufman, P.E., P.G. Koehler, and J.F. Butler. 2011. External Parasites on Beef Cattle. Gainesville, FL: IFAS Communications. 24 pp. DLN: IG130 (Revised). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_ig130 Loftin, K.M. 2011. Animal Insect Control and Pasture Chapters of the 2011 Insecticide Recommendations for Arkansas (MP 144), Glenn Studebaker (editor), 23 pp. Loftin, K.M. and R.F. Corder. 2011. Arthropod Pests of Equines (MP 484). University of Arkansas Div. of Ag. Coop. Ext. Service Pub. MP484-PD-6-10N, 14 pages. Loftin, K.M. and R.F Corder. 2011. Controlling Horn Flies on Cattle (FSA 7031). University of Arkansas Div. of Ag. Coop. Ext. Service Pub. FSA 7031 PD 12-09RV. 6 pp. Machtinger, E. and P.E. Kaufman. 2011. Eye gnats, grass flies, eye flies, fruit flies, Liohippelates spp. (Insecta: Diptera: Chloropidae). 6 pp. EENY-485 (IN485). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in884. Sowerby, M. E. and J. A. Hogsette. 2011. Effectiveness of fly traps and baits at three primary fly sites on Florida dairy farms. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl. 1: 733. Sowerby, M.E. and J.A. Hogsette. 2011. Strategies for Converting Dairy Farms into Low (House) fly Zones. Proceedings of the 25th Southeast Dairy Herd Management Conference, Macon, GA (November 2, 2011), pp. 77-81. Presentations: Boxler, D. J. Rangeland Fly Control Strategies. University of Nebraska Ranching for Profitabiltiy  Educational Programs. Febraury-March 2011. Five Programs. Boxler, D. J. The Significance of a Pasture Fly Control Program. University of Nebraska, Barta Brothers Ranch Field Day. June 28, 2011. Boxler, D. J. The Importance of a Pasture Fly Control Program. University of Nebraska, Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory Open House. August 24, 2011. Boxler, D. J. Fly Control Strategies in Feedlots, Dairies, and Pastures. University of Nebraska, Cropping System Practicum. June 23, 2011. Broce, A. B., J. A. Hogsette (presenter) and J. S. Drouillard. Overwintering of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., populations in the Midwest USA. Livestock Insects Workers Conference, in conjunction with the AAVP and ISEP, July 16-19, St Louis, MO. Corder, R.F., and K.M. Loftin. Evaluation of the essential oil, geraniol, as a horn fly repellent on cattle. Arkansas Entomological Society Annual Meeting. Little Rock, AR. Presented on 10/14/2011. Ferguson, H. J. Integrated pest management for beef cattle. Controlling pests in alfalfa. Central Klickitat Conservation District Annual Meeting. Feb. 17, 2011. Centerville, WA. Ferguson, H. J. Integrated pest management for beef cattle. Benton County Cattlemens Association monthly meeting. April 12, 2011. Prosser, WA. Gerry, A. C. Monitoring house fly activity on commercial dairy operations: the start of a dairy IPM program. Annual Meeting. Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America. Waikoloa, HI. Presented on 03/2011. Gerry, A. C. Management of flies associated with food preparation areas. Integrated Pest Management for School Facilities. CA Department of Pesticide Regulation. Norwalk, CA. Presented on 10/2011. Gerry, A. C. Management of Urban Flies. MVCAC Seminar Series. Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California. San Leandro, CA. Presented on 11/2011. Guisewite, L. M., S. S. Denning, and D. W. Watson. 2011. Susceptibility of vinegar flies, Drosophila repleta, to two strains of Beauveria bassiana isolated from house flies. Entomological Society of America. 59th Annual Meeting, Reno, Nevada. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Flies: Biology and Control.Winter School, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (via Wimba), January 5, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Poultry Ectoparasites and Pests.Georgia International Poultry Conference, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, February 1, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Pastured Cattle: External Parasites.Southwest Georgia Master Cattlemens Program, Blakely, GA, February 7, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Flies and External Parasites of Cattle.Franklin County Cattlemens Association, Carnesville, GA, February 14, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Basic Insect Management.Georgia National Guard Training, University of Georgia, Athens, February 15, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Insect Management on Small Ruminants.Georgia National Guard Training, University of Georgia, Athens, February 15, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011.Poultry Pest Management.Georgia National Guard Training, University of Georgia, Athens, February 16, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Fly Control on Cattle and Horses. Hart County Cattlemens Association, Hartwell, GA, April 14, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. External Parasites.2011 Northeast Georgia Master Cattlemens Program, Madison, GA, September 6, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Fly Control on Georgia Cattle. Coffee County Cattlemen, Douglas, GA, November 29, 2011. Hinkle, Nancy C. 2011. Poultry Pest Control: Mites, Flies and Darkling Beetles. Coffee County Poultry Producers, Douglas, GA, November 29, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Midges and Gnats - Some Bite and Some Don't (1 hr lecture). 73rd Annual Purdue Pest Management Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, Jan 9-11, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Behavior and Management of Pest Flies (1 hr lecture). North Carolina Pest Management Association, PCT School, North Raleigh/Midtown Hilton, Raleigh, NC, Jan 18-19, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Co-taught [with Dan Kline (Culicoides) and Jim Cilek (Tabanids)] the stable fly portion of the course Biting Flies at the Dodd Short Course, Ocala Hilton, Ocala, FL, Jan 27, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Biology and Management of House Flies and Bottle Flies (1 hr lecture). McCloud Pest Invasion, Pest Seminar for the Food Industry, Stonegate Conference Center, Hoffman Estates IL, Mar 15, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. A Summary of the USDA Mosquito and Fly Research Unit Research Program. Southeast Branch, Entomological Society of America, San Juan, Puerto Rico, March 19-22, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. House flies: Specific traps for specific locations on farms. 8th Arbovirus Surveillance and Mosquito Control Workshop, Anastasia Island Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, FL, March 29-31, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Management of Nuisance Flies (1 hr lecture). Wal-Mart Corporate headquarters, Bentonville, AR, Sept 6-7, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Management of house flies (Musca domestica) on dairies by strategic placement of traps. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Reno, Nevada, November 13-16, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Management of house flies (Musca domestica) on dairies by strategic placement of traps. Deployed War Fighter Program Review, Beltsville, MD, November 26-December 2, 2011. Kaufman, P.E. 2011. Using Traditional Techniques and Modern Tools to Answer Rural:Rural and Rural:Urban Interface Questions in Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Kaufman, P.E. 2011. Dermatological reactions to insect bites and associated diseases. Dermatology Grand Rounds at Shands Medical Plaza, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Kaufman, P.E. 2011. Applied Management of Fly Control. Florida Beef Cattle Short Course. Gainesville, FL. Kaufman, P.E., R.S. Mann, and J.F. Butler. 2011. Performance of novel semiochemicals in the control of veterinary pests. Joint meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, the Livestock Insect Workers Conference and the International Symposium on Ectoparasites of Pets, St. Louis, MO. Kaufman, P.E., R.S. Mann, and J.F. Butler. 2011. Insecticidal activity of novel compounds against pests of medical and veterinary importance. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV. Koehler, P.G. and J.W. Diclaro. Development of a novel fly control device. Arbovirus Conference, St. Augustine, FL. Presented on 03/2011. Loftin, K.M. Controlling pasture flies on cattle. Calhoun County Cattlemen's Association Annual Meeting, Hampton, AR. Presented on 10/ 3/2011. Loftin, K.M. External Parasites of Cattle. Four-States Agriculture Expo, Texarkana. Arkansas. Presented on 2/10/2011. Loftin, K.M. Managing Arthropod Pests of Beef and Dairy Cattle. Beef IQ Short Course. Southwest Research and Extension Center, Hope, AR. Presented on 5/16/2011. Moon, R., D. Berkebile, H. Ferguson, P. Tobin, L. Zurek, G. Johnson, S. Butler, N. Hinkle, and others. 2011. Winter debris-cleanup deadlines based on a ground-truthed degree-day model. 55th Annual Livestock Insect Workers Conference. July 16-19. St. Louis, MO. Moon, R., D. Berkebile, H. Ferguson, P. Tobin, L. Zurek, G. Johnson, S. Butler, and N. Hinkle. 2011. Phenology of spring emergence by first generation stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) in North America. Poster at national ESA annual meeting. Nov. 13-16. Reno, NV. Mullens, B. A. and A. C. Gerry. The Remarkable Canyon Fly. Annual Conference. American Mosquito Control Association. Anaheim, CA. Presented on 03/2011. Olafson, P.U., J.B. Pitzer, and P.E. Kaufman. 2009. Selecting for pyrethroid resistance in the stable fly: Screening the stable fly sodium channel coding sequence for mutations that associate with permethrin non-susceptibility. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, presented on 12/2009. Olafson, P.U., J.B. Pitzer, and P.E. Kaufman. 2010. Identification of a mutation associated with permethrin resistance in the para-type sodium channel of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Annual Livestock Insects Workers Conference, presented on 6/2010. Olafson, P.U., S. Liu, A.Y. Li, and S.E. Dowd. 2010. Insight into stable fly larvae: Salivary gland-specific polypeptides and evidence for genes that may have a role in the stable fly innate immune system. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, presented on 11/2010. Scott, J. G. 2011. Molecular mechanisms of pesticide resistance in insects. Advances in the knowledge of parasite resistance of ruminant hosts and parasites, Embrapa, San Carlos, Brazil. Scott, J. G. 2011. Have high resolution molecular analyses offered new insights into the evolution of insecticide resistance? Plenary Lecture, AAVP-LIWC-ISEP Joint Conference, St. Louis, MO. Scott, J. G. 2011. Unraveling the mystery of spinosad resistance in insects. University of Florida, Department of Entomology, Gainesville, FL. Starcevich , J., R. Moon, B. Clymer, H. Chester-Jones and D. Ziegler. Choice of bedding material affects production of pestiferous stable flies and house flies in replacement heifer housing. 21st Annual (MOSES) Organic Farming Conference, 25-27 February, 2011, LaCrosse, WI. Starcevich , J. and R. Moon. Filth flies and associated beneficial wasps on organic dairy farms in east-central Minnesota and west-central Wisconsin. 21st Annual (MOSES) Organic Farming Conference, 25-27 February, 2011, LaCrosse, WI. Starcevich , J., R. Moon, B. Clymer, H. Chester-Jones and D. Ziegler. Filth fly production and parasitism in heifer rearing pens bedded with straw, hardwood sawdust, or pine shavings. 66th Annual Meeting, North Central Branch, Entomological Society of America. March, 2011, Minneapolis, MN. Taylor, D. B., K. Hale, and K. Sievert. Efficacy of cyromazine for the control of immature stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) developing in winter hay feeding sites. Poster. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Reno, NV; November 2011. Waldron, K. and D. A. Rutz. Flies on Pastured Cattle: What's the buzz? Northeast Organic Farm Association Annual Conference. Saratoga, NY. Presented 1/2011. Waldron, K. and D. A. Rutz. Flies on Pastured Cattle? What's the Buzz? Farming for the Future Conference - Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture. State College, PA. Presented 2/2011. Waldron K. and D. A. Rutz. Dairy Cattle Pasture Fly IPM. Washington County, Greenwich, NY. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and D. A. Rutz. NY Livestock IPM Update. 2011 AAV, ISEP and National Meeting Livestock Insect Workers Conf. St. Louis, MO. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and D. A. Rutz. Pasture Fly IPM eOrganic Webinar. National. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Dairy Cattle Pasture Fly IPM. Clinton County, Pavilion, NY. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Dairy Cattle Pasture Fly IPM. Essex County, Port Henry, NY. Presented 7/20111. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Pasture Fly IPM Field Day. Pavilion, NY. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Pasture Fly IPM Field Day. Chester, NY. Presented 7/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Dairy Cattle Pasture Fly IPM. Columbia County, Valatie, NY. Presented 8/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Dairy Cattle Pasture Fly IPM. Dutchess County, Millbrook, NY. Presented 8/2011. Waldron K. and K. Wise. Dairy Cattle Fly IPM. N. Haverhill, NH. Presented 8/2011. Watson, D.W. 2011. Integrated Pest Management in Livestock Systems. Louis Jackai, NC A&T., April 5, 2011. Watson, D. W. 2011. Fly and Darkling Beetle Management. Poultry Supervisors Short Course. Monroe, NC. April 14, 2011 Watson, D. W. 2011. Pest management for pastured cattle. June 23-24. Orangeburg Cattlemans Assoc. Orangeburg, SC. Watson, D. W. 2011. Pasture Fly Management, NCSU Agent Training Program, An. Sci. May 18, 2011. Watson, D. W. 2011. Fly management in Organic Dairy Systems. Illuminate Discussion, eOrganic. J. K. Waldron and D. A. Rutz. Hosted by Cornell University. July 6, 2011. Zhu, J. J. DWFP prospectus on fly research. DWFP-5th Annual Review. Gainesville, presented on Dec. 2008. Zhu, J. J. Push-Pull strategy for stable fly control. 52nd Livestock Insect Workers Conference, Kansas City, presented on June, 2008. Zhu, J. J. Novel technology development for stable fly management. Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, presented on May, 2009. Zhu, J. J. New Advances in stable fly chemical ecology and its potential in practical control, ESA Meeting, Indianapolis, presented on Dec, 2009. Zhu, J. J. Novel approaches for integrated fly management. Kansas State University, Manhattan, presented on Feb, 2010. Zhu, J. J. Progresses in research for stable fly control via Push-Pull strategy, ESA Meeting, San Diego, presented on Dec, 2010. Zhu, J. J. Infochemical interactions between microbial community and pest flies: Oviposition Selection, APACE Annual Meeting, Beijing, China, presented on Oct, 2011. Other Extension: Coats, J., G.E. Schultz, and J. Zhu. 2011. Biorational repellents obtained from terpenoids for use against arthropods. (US Patent Number: 7,939,091). Hinkle, Nancy C. Fly Control on Cattle, interviewed by Eddie McGriff, Coffee County, GA, Extension Coordinator, for On the Farm radio program Nov. 30, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Regional Science Fair Judge, Middle School and High School Zoology Projects, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, FL, Jan 28, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Manned USDA Entomology booth at the Florida State Fair, Tampa, Feb 11, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Interviewed by Brittany Risher, Associate Editor, Women's Health Magazine, about house fly pathogen transmission when flies land on food, March 2, and 7, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. State Science Fair Judge, Middle School and High School Zoology Projects, Orlando Convention Center, Orlando, FL, Mar 24, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Attended Armed Forces Pest Management Board Meeting to consult with the Equipment Committee on traps for fly management and projects being conducted cooperatively with military personnel. Silver Spring, MD, April 4-7, 2011. Hogsette, J. A. Attended Armed Forces Pest Management Board Meeting to consult with the Equipment Committee on traps for fly management and projects being conducted cooperatively with military personnel. Silver Spring, MD, November 1-3, 2011. Loftin K.M. and R.F. Corder. 2011. Fly IPM on Dairies (FY 11, on-line Moodle training course). University of Arkansas, Div. of Ag. Coop. Ext. Service. Little Rock, AR Loftin, K.M. and R.F. Corder. 2011. Insect Pests of Livestock portion of Animal Science Core Training (FY 11, on-line Moodle and field training course). University of Arkansas, Div. of Ag. Coop. Ext. Service. Little Rock, AR. Moon, R. D. 2011. Manure management to prevent fly infestations. Minnesota Horse Expo 2011, St. Paul, MN, April 29 and 30. Moon, R. D. 2011. Manure management to prevent fly infestations. Horse Owners Education Program, St. Paul, MN, 15 October. Watson, D. W. Pest and Disease Management in Dairy Ecosystems. Center for Environmental Farming Systems Intern Program, 2011. Patrick Miles, NC A&T; Jamie Berger, UNC; Beth Chapman, NDSU; & Sindhu Siva, U. Delaware. Zhu, J. J. Interviewed and wrote info (2010-2011) for scientific journals and magazines on stable fly research (American Chemistry Society News Press, Chemical Education, USDA NewsMaker, MidWest Producer, Feed-Lot Magazine, The IPM Practitioner, The Horse magazines, etc). Zhu, J. J. Interviewed (2010-2011) By Radio stations on biting fly management and botanical-based repellent development (Canada Discovery Channel, Voice of America, Meredith National Radio, and WALO-Puerto Rico).