SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: S290 : Technical and Economical Efficiencies of Producing, Marketing, and Managing Environmental Plants
- Period Covered: 01/01/2003 to 12/01/2003
- Date of Report: 06/09/2004
- Annual Meeting Dates: 02/18/2004 to 02/20/2004
Participants
S-290 Technical Committee
Spring Meeting, Feb 19, 2004
San Diego, Ca.
Agenda had been distributed by Chair Behe
Present: Barton, Behe, Brooker, Dennis, Hall, Haydu, Hinson, Hodges, Mather, McNeil,
Rene Van Rems.
Chair Behe called the meeting to order at 8:15 am.
The minutes from the previous meeting had been placed on the S290 website
(www.s290.org). The minutes were approved as posted.
Neither the administrative adviser nor the CSREES adviser were able to attend the meeting. Guest speaker ? Mr. Rene van Rems, President of Rene Van Rems, Inc, of San Diego. Mr. Rems is a style and trends consultant who works with the mass merchants segment. He provides recipes for bouquets for the mass markets, and is a speaker at various meetings of the retail florists? trades.
In terms of industry directions, he was complementary of the KaBloom model as simple but upscale design at moderate price. He indicated this is very popular. On the other hand, older models such as FTD are diminishing. Also, the low end sales are going to supermarkets, and Ralphs and Safeway were mentioned specifically as examples. These are very prescriptive. He used an example of a discussion with a buyer who indicated there must be exactly 19 stems in a bouquet that would wholesale for about $2.25, so the
grower revenue would be about $1.10. The only suppliers who can do that are the
producers in Colombia, Equador, or other low cost parts of the world. Leatherleaf and baby?s breath are old, inclusion in the bouquet diminishes value. Also, the typical female flower consumer prefers flower colors other than red. Therefore, the ultimate consumer often does not get what she wants, unless she buys it herself. Many people now are ordering from the Internet. Valentine occasion sales online are soaring. The industry needs better consumer awareness. The consumer needs to be satisfied for return purchases, and he does not see this happening. The market is very diverse, there are many opportunities to serve consumer niches. The customer has changed a lot.
Shortened channels of distribution ? this is a very important purchasing trend. The regular purchase is from supermarkets, while florists are special occasions. This has changed because the value added is not there in the old system of wholesalers and florists. The leatherleaf and baby?s breath examples show that the consumer is lost in this system. The trend in Holland is to break out of the old designs and approaches, with a ?lets be different at any cost? approach. California production situation. Growers not making in on roses, he says. The original generation of growers who built the industry and hung in there through everything, is gone. Many second generation owners are not interested in continuing due to the problems of labor, changing markets, needed investments, etc. An agricultural business in CA is too difficult.
Bottom line: business people beginning to see that creative people can make money.
Update on the website - Hall
New web address is www.s290.org. Hall asked that members provide appropriate
information to update the site, such as contact information, since its easily changeable.
Manuscript reports
1. Cost studies for container and field nurseries, and landscape companies. McNeil has been working the landscape manuscript and expects to have it ready for review by March 30, 2004. Reviewers will be Hodges, Haydu, Hall, Mathers. These individuals agreed to review this manuscript before the summer 2004 meeting. The field nursery cost study will follow, working with Hall on zone 5 and 6, then the container production system will be updated. There is interest in revision and update of container and field nurseries for zones 7 and 8. Hinson agreed to lead this, using McNeil?s spreadsheets as the tool to
calculate costs. Knight, Tilt, Fields, Hall were suggested for this committee.
2. Pot in pot publication. Hall reported that the report has been published, and is linked to the southern directors homepage and from Hall?s website.
3. Landscape preference consumer survey. Behe reported that comments have been
received, revisions made, and the manuscript is ready for publication. It was noted that Michigan results differ from all other responses, so the manuscript will be revised to provide separate comments regarding the Michigan results. The document then will be sent to HRI.
4. Dogwood study. An excerpt will be published in the Michigan State University?s Best Management Practices for the Nursery Industry. Brooker and Hall will review the manuscript.
5. Educational needs of Hispanic nursery employees. Mathers surveyed needs of these employees, and published an article in Journal of Environmental Horticulture. The requirements and procedures of this effort were noted. This was an interview survey, an interpreter was used, workers were questioned directly about how they learn and other issues. Labor was considered as a possible new research topic. Following this discussion, the group agreed that Mathers would take the lead on writing an HRI grant to study the workforce including potential differences in labor preferences for learning and training
between Hispanics and other workers. States with interest in the project were identified as Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Maryland, Florida, Texas, and Tennessee. The committee appointed for this activity included Mathers, Hall, and Barton. At the next S-290 committee meeting, Mathers will lead discussion on pursuing this study.
Progress on current studies.
1. Trade Flows and Marketing Practices. Brooker reviewed the items that will be covered through the $48,000 HRI grant. The instrument was revised, lists were obtained from 45 states, the first mailing is out and some responses are being received. A separate HRI grant funded printing and mailing. Hodges reported on the survey methodology. The sample frame was unified, there was a consistent source of certified nursery names/addresses, the lists were stratified by physical size and surveyed in fixed proportions (100% of large nurseries, 60% of medium, and 25% of smalls). If there was no size indicator, then the sampling rate was 40%. The minimum sample size in any state was 99, and there were 15,000 names in total. The first mailing was in mid January, the
second will be in early March. Data entry will be done at the University of Tennessee. Brooker noted that NASS? Census of Horticulture Specialties is being conducted at same time.
2. Pricing study. McNeil noted that Turner made two presentations based on this material in 2003, using Vibirnum species over the 100 years of data. In addition to price data, there is information about varieties that have appeared and disappeared over time, and such groups might be studied. The initial work of getting data from the originals and onto spreadsheets is done. Brooker will lead additional work on this project.
3. State promotional programs. There was no report.
4. Cut flower budgets. There was no report.
5. Business analysis. Hodges reported progress on Florida?s business analysis project which will be on a Hortbusiness website. FNGA provided funding to automate and make this available on the internet, and will be security encrypted. It will have public and member sides. The open or public side will have benchmarks for separate sectors such as foliage, woody ornamentals, and cut flowers. Reports will be available comparing firm averages by categories such as overall and most profitable. In the members only page, a firm will be able to enter its own firm information, query for reports, etc. Training
sessions are scheduled in summer 2004. Behe reported on greenhouse benchmarks. Some information has been collected in Michigan to be incorporated into the New York database.
New topics
1. Cost of tree liner production. Mathers lead discussion of Oregon?s market for tree liners. Some states are producing liners as well, including Tennessee. There is large potential in this market. S-290 should investigate the production practices, address the retractable roof issue, and develop a production system to model in order to attach costs associated with liner production.
2. Dennis reported on her cognitive appraisal work, which involves consumer satisfaction and regret regarding horticulture plant purchases. The emotional attachment and regret/satisfaction factors are elicited. Regret was shown to be the driving factor for switching. Moderating variables were included. This work can be expanded and should be included in the new multi-state project.
Discussion of new project.
S290 is scheduled to terminate September 30, 2004. Discussion of objectives to be included in a revised or new project led to the following outline for submission:
Objectives
I. Labor force study - Mathers
II. Evaluate firm-level regional and national competitiveness within the green industry ?
Haydu and Hodges
A. Business analysis ? Hodges and Uva
B. Economic Impact - Hodges
C. Trade Flows and Marketing Practices survey ? Brooker and Hodges
D. Determine economic feasibility of horticultural production practices - Hall and Hinson
III. Production horticulture activities
A. Evaluation of horticultural production practices - McNeil
B. Evaluation of selected plant establishment techniques - Mathers
C. Evaluation of landscape maintenance considerations - Barton
IV. Demand activities ? a combination of S290 objectives 3 and 4 - Behe and Dennis
A. Investigate consumer preferences for plant characteristics and services,
B. Analyze demand for selected species and plant categories
C. Analyze the effectiveness of alternative methods of evaluating new plants, products
and services
D. Investigate alternative retail level pricing schemes and displays
E. Investigate the application of electronic marketing technologies
Timeline
March 19 - objective leaders get new verbage to Behe (format: Word document)
March 26 - Behe compiles objectives, sends to Hall for posting on website. At that time,
an email message will be sent to current and potential committee members asking for
their commitment to the objectives
April 9 - deadline for response by members
Following this process, the writing committee will prepare the document for submission.
Elections
Behe and Hinson were re-elected to the offices of chair and secretary.
Site for summer meeting, 2004
Tuesday, August 10, 2004, 1:00 pm. Southern Nursery Association, Atlanta, GA.
Deadline for titles to present at educational seminars Feb 28, 2004.
Site for winter meeting, 2005
Arizona, either Tuscon or Phoenix, preferred dates are mid to late February. Haydu will organize the Arizona tours and present information at the next meeting.
Site for summer meeting, 2005
A site in New York state was suggested.
The meeting was adjourned.
Spring Meeting, Feb 19, 2004
San Diego, Ca.
Agenda had been distributed by Chair Behe
Present: Barton, Behe, Brooker, Dennis, Hall, Haydu, Hinson, Hodges, Mather, McNeil,
Rene Van Rems.
Chair Behe called the meeting to order at 8:15 am.
The minutes from the previous meeting had been placed on the S290 website
(www.s290.org). The minutes were approved as posted.
Neither the administrative adviser nor the CSREES adviser were able to attend the meeting. Guest speaker ? Mr. Rene van Rems, President of Rene Van Rems, Inc, of San Diego. Mr. Rems is a style and trends consultant who works with the mass merchants segment. He provides recipes for bouquets for the mass markets, and is a speaker at various meetings of the retail florists? trades.
In terms of industry directions, he was complementary of the KaBloom model as simple but upscale design at moderate price. He indicated this is very popular. On the other hand, older models such as FTD are diminishing. Also, the low end sales are going to supermarkets, and Ralphs and Safeway were mentioned specifically as examples. These are very prescriptive. He used an example of a discussion with a buyer who indicated there must be exactly 19 stems in a bouquet that would wholesale for about $2.25, so the
grower revenue would be about $1.10. The only suppliers who can do that are the
producers in Colombia, Equador, or other low cost parts of the world. Leatherleaf and baby?s breath are old, inclusion in the bouquet diminishes value. Also, the typical female flower consumer prefers flower colors other than red. Therefore, the ultimate consumer often does not get what she wants, unless she buys it herself. Many people now are ordering from the Internet. Valentine occasion sales online are soaring. The industry needs better consumer awareness. The consumer needs to be satisfied for return purchases, and he does not see this happening. The market is very diverse, there are many opportunities to serve consumer niches. The customer has changed a lot.
Shortened channels of distribution ? this is a very important purchasing trend. The regular purchase is from supermarkets, while florists are special occasions. This has changed because the value added is not there in the old system of wholesalers and florists. The leatherleaf and baby?s breath examples show that the consumer is lost in this system. The trend in Holland is to break out of the old designs and approaches, with a ?lets be different at any cost? approach. California production situation. Growers not making in on roses, he says. The original generation of growers who built the industry and hung in there through everything, is gone. Many second generation owners are not interested in continuing due to the problems of labor, changing markets, needed investments, etc. An agricultural business in CA is too difficult.
Bottom line: business people beginning to see that creative people can make money.
Update on the website - Hall
New web address is www.s290.org. Hall asked that members provide appropriate
information to update the site, such as contact information, since its easily changeable.
Manuscript reports
1. Cost studies for container and field nurseries, and landscape companies. McNeil has been working the landscape manuscript and expects to have it ready for review by March 30, 2004. Reviewers will be Hodges, Haydu, Hall, Mathers. These individuals agreed to review this manuscript before the summer 2004 meeting. The field nursery cost study will follow, working with Hall on zone 5 and 6, then the container production system will be updated. There is interest in revision and update of container and field nurseries for zones 7 and 8. Hinson agreed to lead this, using McNeil?s spreadsheets as the tool to
calculate costs. Knight, Tilt, Fields, Hall were suggested for this committee.
2. Pot in pot publication. Hall reported that the report has been published, and is linked to the southern directors homepage and from Hall?s website.
3. Landscape preference consumer survey. Behe reported that comments have been
received, revisions made, and the manuscript is ready for publication. It was noted that Michigan results differ from all other responses, so the manuscript will be revised to provide separate comments regarding the Michigan results. The document then will be sent to HRI.
4. Dogwood study. An excerpt will be published in the Michigan State University?s Best Management Practices for the Nursery Industry. Brooker and Hall will review the manuscript.
5. Educational needs of Hispanic nursery employees. Mathers surveyed needs of these employees, and published an article in Journal of Environmental Horticulture. The requirements and procedures of this effort were noted. This was an interview survey, an interpreter was used, workers were questioned directly about how they learn and other issues. Labor was considered as a possible new research topic. Following this discussion, the group agreed that Mathers would take the lead on writing an HRI grant to study the workforce including potential differences in labor preferences for learning and training
between Hispanics and other workers. States with interest in the project were identified as Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Maryland, Florida, Texas, and Tennessee. The committee appointed for this activity included Mathers, Hall, and Barton. At the next S-290 committee meeting, Mathers will lead discussion on pursuing this study.
Progress on current studies.
1. Trade Flows and Marketing Practices. Brooker reviewed the items that will be covered through the $48,000 HRI grant. The instrument was revised, lists were obtained from 45 states, the first mailing is out and some responses are being received. A separate HRI grant funded printing and mailing. Hodges reported on the survey methodology. The sample frame was unified, there was a consistent source of certified nursery names/addresses, the lists were stratified by physical size and surveyed in fixed proportions (100% of large nurseries, 60% of medium, and 25% of smalls). If there was no size indicator, then the sampling rate was 40%. The minimum sample size in any state was 99, and there were 15,000 names in total. The first mailing was in mid January, the
second will be in early March. Data entry will be done at the University of Tennessee. Brooker noted that NASS? Census of Horticulture Specialties is being conducted at same time.
2. Pricing study. McNeil noted that Turner made two presentations based on this material in 2003, using Vibirnum species over the 100 years of data. In addition to price data, there is information about varieties that have appeared and disappeared over time, and such groups might be studied. The initial work of getting data from the originals and onto spreadsheets is done. Brooker will lead additional work on this project.
3. State promotional programs. There was no report.
4. Cut flower budgets. There was no report.
5. Business analysis. Hodges reported progress on Florida?s business analysis project which will be on a Hortbusiness website. FNGA provided funding to automate and make this available on the internet, and will be security encrypted. It will have public and member sides. The open or public side will have benchmarks for separate sectors such as foliage, woody ornamentals, and cut flowers. Reports will be available comparing firm averages by categories such as overall and most profitable. In the members only page, a firm will be able to enter its own firm information, query for reports, etc. Training
sessions are scheduled in summer 2004. Behe reported on greenhouse benchmarks. Some information has been collected in Michigan to be incorporated into the New York database.
New topics
1. Cost of tree liner production. Mathers lead discussion of Oregon?s market for tree liners. Some states are producing liners as well, including Tennessee. There is large potential in this market. S-290 should investigate the production practices, address the retractable roof issue, and develop a production system to model in order to attach costs associated with liner production.
2. Dennis reported on her cognitive appraisal work, which involves consumer satisfaction and regret regarding horticulture plant purchases. The emotional attachment and regret/satisfaction factors are elicited. Regret was shown to be the driving factor for switching. Moderating variables were included. This work can be expanded and should be included in the new multi-state project.
Discussion of new project.
S290 is scheduled to terminate September 30, 2004. Discussion of objectives to be included in a revised or new project led to the following outline for submission:
Objectives
I. Labor force study - Mathers
II. Evaluate firm-level regional and national competitiveness within the green industry ?
Haydu and Hodges
A. Business analysis ? Hodges and Uva
B. Economic Impact - Hodges
C. Trade Flows and Marketing Practices survey ? Brooker and Hodges
D. Determine economic feasibility of horticultural production practices - Hall and Hinson
III. Production horticulture activities
A. Evaluation of horticultural production practices - McNeil
B. Evaluation of selected plant establishment techniques - Mathers
C. Evaluation of landscape maintenance considerations - Barton
IV. Demand activities ? a combination of S290 objectives 3 and 4 - Behe and Dennis
A. Investigate consumer preferences for plant characteristics and services,
B. Analyze demand for selected species and plant categories
C. Analyze the effectiveness of alternative methods of evaluating new plants, products
and services
D. Investigate alternative retail level pricing schemes and displays
E. Investigate the application of electronic marketing technologies
Timeline
March 19 - objective leaders get new verbage to Behe (format: Word document)
March 26 - Behe compiles objectives, sends to Hall for posting on website. At that time,
an email message will be sent to current and potential committee members asking for
their commitment to the objectives
April 9 - deadline for response by members
Following this process, the writing committee will prepare the document for submission.
Elections
Behe and Hinson were re-elected to the offices of chair and secretary.
Site for summer meeting, 2004
Tuesday, August 10, 2004, 1:00 pm. Southern Nursery Association, Atlanta, GA.
Deadline for titles to present at educational seminars Feb 28, 2004.
Site for winter meeting, 2005
Arizona, either Tuscon or Phoenix, preferred dates are mid to late February. Haydu will organize the Arizona tours and present information at the next meeting.
Site for summer meeting, 2005
A site in New York state was suggested.
The meeting was adjourned.
Accomplishments
Impacts
- Increased wholesale value of nursery and greenhouse crops through increased sales to retail outlets and consumption by end-users and businesses.
- Facilitated the adoption of green-roof technology and saw an increase in the area in the U.S. with green roofs installed.
- Enhanced profitability of 500-2000 firms through better financial information published regionally and internationally (on-line) for greenhouse and golf course operations.
- Identified of costs of production for in-ground nursery operations to improve their ability to calculate costs, charge prices, and earn profits.
Publications
Anderson, D. and Williams D.J. 2003. Miles C. Hartley Selections Garden 2003 trials evaluation report. Arboretum Series 03-001. pp.1-35.
Beeson, R.C., J.J. Haydu, T.H. Yeager, G.W. Knox, D. Hamon, and J. Caron. 2003. Container Systems for Reducing Overhead Irrigation Application Rates, Proceedings: Southern Nurseryman Association, (48):454-456.
Behe, Bridget K., Elizabeth C. Moore, Arthur C. Cameron, Forest S. Carter. 2003. Consumer Perceptions for and Uses and Perceptions of Selected Flowering Perennial Plants. HortScience 38(3):460-464.
Brooker, J., Hall, C. and Eastwood, D. 2003. Structural Changes in the U.S. Nursery Industry: A Graphical Analysis Using GIS Technology. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference, 2003, Atlanta, GA.
Brumfield, R.G. 2004. Profitable poinsettias. Grower Talks, Feburary 2004. http://www.growertalks.com/display.asp?ArticleID=817.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Growing on contract. Brumfield American Nurseryman. 198(3):49-51.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Should you consider contract growing? GMPro 23(9):59-62.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Is your greenhouse green? Greenhouse Product News 13(4):66-69.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Greenhouse cost management: a 1/2 day bottom line building workshop. Proceedings of the 2003 National Extension Risk Management Education Conference March 26-27, 2003, Dallas/FortWorth, TX.
Brumfield, R.G. Economic and Marketing Issues from a Growers Perspective. 2003. USDA Outlook Forum, February 20-21, 2003, Arlington, VA, http://www.usda.gov/oce/waob/oc2003/program.htm#nursery.
Cain, J. J., J. L. Adrian, P. M. Duffy, and E. Guertal. 2003. "Turfgrass-Sod Production in Alabama: Economics and Marketing," AAES Bulletin 653, Auburn University.
Case, L., Mathers, H. 2003. Long term effects of herbicide treated mulches for ornamental weed control. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 39.
Cisar, J. L., J. E. Erickson, G. H. Snyder, J. J. Haydu, and J. E. Volin. 2003. Documenting Nutrient Leaching and Runoff from Urban Landscapes. Chapter 12, Environmental Inpacts of Fertilizer Products on Soil, Air, and Water, W. Hall and W. Robarge, eds.
Dicks, Bradley R., P.J. van Blokland and John J. Haydu. Florida Forest Industry. Teaching and Learning Paper Series, TLP 03-08. Dept. of Food & Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida.
Gao, G. Y., J.J. Smith, J.A. Chatfield, J.F. Boggs, E.A. Draper and H.M. Mathers. 2003. Key results of the 2001 Ohio green industry survey. OSU Special Circular 189: 139-144.
Gardner, J., Eastwood, D., Brooker, J. and Klingeman, B. 2003. Consumers Valuation of Disease-Resistant Nursery Stock: A Case Study of Dogwoods. J. of Agribusiness 21:1:103-116. Spring.
Hall, C. and Brooker, J. 2003. Key Website Characteristics for Effective Green Industry Marketing. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference. August. Atlanta, GA.
Hall, C. and Brooker, J. 2003. A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA.
Hall, Charles, John Haydu, and Ken Tilt. 2002. The Economics of Producing Nursery Crops Using the Pot-in-Pot Production System: Two Case Studies. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin #402, ISBN 1-58161-402-0.
Hall, Charles (author and editor), Susan Barton, Bridget Behe, Robin Brumfield, Richard Harkass, Charles Safley, and P.J. Van Blokland. 2002. Enhancing Profitability in the Greenhouse. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin #401. ISBN: 1-58161-401-2.
Haydu, John J and Daniel E. Legard. 2003. An Economic Analysis of Preharvest Fungicide Applications to Control Botrytis Fruit Rot in Annual Strawberries in Florida. HortScience, Vol. 38(1):124-127.
Haydu, J.J., A.W. Hodges, and J.L. Cisar. 2003. A Financial Appraisal of Floridas Environmental Horticulture Industry. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol.2(2):386-392.
Haydu, John J. and Alan W. Hodges. 2003. Developing New Markets for Turfgrass-sod in the United States. Proceedings: The Economics and International Business Research Conference, Vol.2(1):12-17.
Hinson, R., R. Pinel and D. Hughes. 2003. Louisiana‘‘‘‘s Green Industry: Evaluation of its Economic Contribution, R.I.S. 108, LAES, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge.
Hodges, Alan, W, John.J. Haydu. 2003. Structural Adaptation in the Florida Ornamental Plant Nursery Industry. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol. 2(2):393-399.
Hodges, Alan W. and J.J. Haydu. 2003. Golf, Tourism, and Amenity-based Development in Florida. Proceedings: The Economics and International Business Research Conference, Vol. 2(1):127-134.
Johansen, S. and Mathers, H. 2003. High temperature stress effects on water use and nutrient utilization in container systems. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):675.
Kelley, Kathleen M. Bridget K. Behe, and Elizabeth H. Moore. 2003. Comparison of Consumer Purchasing of Campanula carpatica Jacq. Blue Clips in Selected Supermarket Retail Floral Departments as an Indoor Flowering Potted Plant. HortScience. 38(1):121-123.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Eight types of winter injury. The Buckeye. December. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. New irrigation research. The Buckeye. November. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 4. The Buckeye. October. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 3. The Buckeye. September. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 2. The Buckeye. August. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 1. The Buckeye. July. Pp. 9, 14.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Breaking the language barrier: Part 2. Happiness and retention. The Buckeye. June. Pp. 9, 14-15.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Breaking the language barrier: Part 1. Building relationships. The Buckeye. April. Pp. 18-20.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Top 10 ways to conserve water 19(11): 30-32, 33-35.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Hispanic labor comparisons: The Northwest and Midwest. Nursery Management & Production 19(10): 34-35.
Mathers, H. M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals. American Nurserymen 198(5): 32-34, 36-37.
Mathers, H.M., D. Struve and A. Stoven. 2003. Liners under retractable roofs. Nursery Management & Production 19(1): 53-54, 56. (75|pct| contribution).
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Stop herbicide resistance. Nursery Management & Production 19(9): 52-54, 56, 58, 60.
Mathers, H. M., 2003. Technical information requested for Hispanic nursery employees - Survey Results from Oregon and Ohio. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. Accepted. In Press. (70|pct| Ohio and 30|pct| Oregon).
Mathers, H.M., 2003. Temperature stress issues in nursery containers and current methods of protection. HortTechnology 13(4): 8-15 (100|pct| Ohio).
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Novel weed control methods in containers. HortTechnology 13(1): 28-34.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Herbicide-treated mulches address some environmental concerns. Golfdom TurfGrass Trends 59(1): 46-48.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Examination of ornamental weed control using micro-encapsulated herbicide treated bark mulches. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 82.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Comparison of herbicide treated barks and pelletized leaf mulch for ornamental weed control. Northeastern Weed Science Society Conference Proceedings 57: 58.
Mathers, H., Case L., Stoven, A., Pope, J., Johansen, S. 2003. Evaluation of new dicholbenil and flumioxazin preemergent herbicide formulations for ornamentals. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 59.
Mathers, H. 2003. Overview of nursery irrigation management. Ornamental Working Group Workshop: Nursery Irrigation Management. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5): 656.
Mathers, H. 2003. Technical information requirements for Hispanic nursery employees-Survey results from Oregon and Ohio. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):700.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Examination of ornamental weed control using micro-encapsulated herbicide treated bark mulches. Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen‘‘‘‘s Association Research Conference 48: 355-357.
Mathers, H. 2003. Weed control in ornamentals: The latest research. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Southern Illinois Grounds Maintenance School. Pp. 14-18.
McClellan, C. F.E. Stegelin, R. E. McNiel, S. C. Turner. 2003. Historical price series analysis of seleted woody ornamentals. Southern Nursery Association Research Conf. Proc. 48.
Owen, J.S. Jr., W.A. Johnson, and B.K. Maynard. 2003. A Comparison or Subirrigation System, Basal Temperature, and Auxin Concentration on Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Ilex glabra. J. Envir. Hort. 21: (accepted for publication)
Owen, J.S. Jr., W.A. Johnson, and B.K. Maynard. 2003. Effects of Auxin Concentration and Basal Stem Temperature on Four Woody Plant Taxa Propagated by Stem Cuttings in a Growth Chamber using Recirculating Subirrigation. J. Envir. Hort. 21: (accepted for publication).
Pinel, R. 2003. Establishing The Economic Impact of the Green Industry on Louisiana‘‘‘‘s Economy. Unpublished thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University.
Pinel, R., R. Hinson and R. Navajas. 2003. Establishing the Economic Impact of the Green (Ornamental Plants) Industry at the State Level. Abstract: Proceedings of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol. 35, No. 2, p 441, 2003.
Stegelin, F.and S.C. Turner.An Example Protocol for a New Plant Introduction. Proceedings of the Southern Nurseryman‘‘‘‘s Association Research Conference Forty Fourth Annual Report 2002,p. 543-548.
Struve, D. K., Starbuck, C. and Mathers, H. 2003. Transplanting Red Oak using the Missouri gravel bed system. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):836.
Tavernier, E.M. and R.G. Brumfield. 2003. An Economic analysis of the greenhouse, nursery and sod sector in the U.S. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38(1):128-130.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Adjusted Gross Revenue Lite, a Greenhouse Operation Case Study. http://hortmgt.aem.cornell.edu/events/agr-lite.htm. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Service Sells, Learn how to market your business the right way. Grounds Maintenance. April 2003: C2, 3, 6.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Northeast Outlook, Ornamental Industries. American Agriculturist. February 2003: 32.
Uva, W.L. and S. Richards, 2003. New York Greenhouse Business Summary and Financial Analysis, 2001. E.B. 2003-12. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
White, G.B., W.L. Uva, and M.L. Cheng. 2003. Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Specialty Crop Producers in New York: Implications for Crop Insurance. R.B. 2003-10. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Beeson, R.C., J.J. Haydu, T.H. Yeager, G.W. Knox, D. Hamon, and J. Caron. 2003. Container Systems for Reducing Overhead Irrigation Application Rates, Proceedings: Southern Nurseryman Association, (48):454-456.
Behe, Bridget K., Elizabeth C. Moore, Arthur C. Cameron, Forest S. Carter. 2003. Consumer Perceptions for and Uses and Perceptions of Selected Flowering Perennial Plants. HortScience 38(3):460-464.
Brooker, J., Hall, C. and Eastwood, D. 2003. Structural Changes in the U.S. Nursery Industry: A Graphical Analysis Using GIS Technology. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference, 2003, Atlanta, GA.
Brumfield, R.G. 2004. Profitable poinsettias. Grower Talks, Feburary 2004. http://www.growertalks.com/display.asp?ArticleID=817.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Growing on contract. Brumfield American Nurseryman. 198(3):49-51.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Should you consider contract growing? GMPro 23(9):59-62.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Is your greenhouse green? Greenhouse Product News 13(4):66-69.
Brumfield, R.G. 2003. Greenhouse cost management: a 1/2 day bottom line building workshop. Proceedings of the 2003 National Extension Risk Management Education Conference March 26-27, 2003, Dallas/FortWorth, TX.
Brumfield, R.G. Economic and Marketing Issues from a Growers Perspective. 2003. USDA Outlook Forum, February 20-21, 2003, Arlington, VA, http://www.usda.gov/oce/waob/oc2003/program.htm#nursery.
Cain, J. J., J. L. Adrian, P. M. Duffy, and E. Guertal. 2003. "Turfgrass-Sod Production in Alabama: Economics and Marketing," AAES Bulletin 653, Auburn University.
Case, L., Mathers, H. 2003. Long term effects of herbicide treated mulches for ornamental weed control. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 39.
Cisar, J. L., J. E. Erickson, G. H. Snyder, J. J. Haydu, and J. E. Volin. 2003. Documenting Nutrient Leaching and Runoff from Urban Landscapes. Chapter 12, Environmental Inpacts of Fertilizer Products on Soil, Air, and Water, W. Hall and W. Robarge, eds.
Dicks, Bradley R., P.J. van Blokland and John J. Haydu. Florida Forest Industry. Teaching and Learning Paper Series, TLP 03-08. Dept. of Food & Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida.
Gao, G. Y., J.J. Smith, J.A. Chatfield, J.F. Boggs, E.A. Draper and H.M. Mathers. 2003. Key results of the 2001 Ohio green industry survey. OSU Special Circular 189: 139-144.
Gardner, J., Eastwood, D., Brooker, J. and Klingeman, B. 2003. Consumers Valuation of Disease-Resistant Nursery Stock: A Case Study of Dogwoods. J. of Agribusiness 21:1:103-116. Spring.
Hall, C. and Brooker, J. 2003. Key Website Characteristics for Effective Green Industry Marketing. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference. August. Atlanta, GA.
Hall, C. and Brooker, J. 2003. A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. Proceedings of SNA Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA.
Hall, Charles, John Haydu, and Ken Tilt. 2002. The Economics of Producing Nursery Crops Using the Pot-in-Pot Production System: Two Case Studies. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin #402, ISBN 1-58161-402-0.
Hall, Charles (author and editor), Susan Barton, Bridget Behe, Robin Brumfield, Richard Harkass, Charles Safley, and P.J. Van Blokland. 2002. Enhancing Profitability in the Greenhouse. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin #401. ISBN: 1-58161-401-2.
Haydu, John J and Daniel E. Legard. 2003. An Economic Analysis of Preharvest Fungicide Applications to Control Botrytis Fruit Rot in Annual Strawberries in Florida. HortScience, Vol. 38(1):124-127.
Haydu, J.J., A.W. Hodges, and J.L. Cisar. 2003. A Financial Appraisal of Floridas Environmental Horticulture Industry. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol.2(2):386-392.
Haydu, John J. and Alan W. Hodges. 2003. Developing New Markets for Turfgrass-sod in the United States. Proceedings: The Economics and International Business Research Conference, Vol.2(1):12-17.
Hinson, R., R. Pinel and D. Hughes. 2003. Louisiana‘‘‘‘s Green Industry: Evaluation of its Economic Contribution, R.I.S. 108, LAES, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge.
Hodges, Alan, W, John.J. Haydu. 2003. Structural Adaptation in the Florida Ornamental Plant Nursery Industry. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, Vol. 2(2):393-399.
Hodges, Alan W. and J.J. Haydu. 2003. Golf, Tourism, and Amenity-based Development in Florida. Proceedings: The Economics and International Business Research Conference, Vol. 2(1):127-134.
Johansen, S. and Mathers, H. 2003. High temperature stress effects on water use and nutrient utilization in container systems. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):675.
Kelley, Kathleen M. Bridget K. Behe, and Elizabeth H. Moore. 2003. Comparison of Consumer Purchasing of Campanula carpatica Jacq. Blue Clips in Selected Supermarket Retail Floral Departments as an Indoor Flowering Potted Plant. HortScience. 38(1):121-123.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Eight types of winter injury. The Buckeye. December. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. New irrigation research. The Buckeye. November. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 4. The Buckeye. October. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 3. The Buckeye. September. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 2. The Buckeye. August. Pp. 8-9.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals: Part 1. The Buckeye. July. Pp. 9, 14.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Breaking the language barrier: Part 2. Happiness and retention. The Buckeye. June. Pp. 9, 14-15.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Breaking the language barrier: Part 1. Building relationships. The Buckeye. April. Pp. 18-20.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Top 10 ways to conserve water 19(11): 30-32, 33-35.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Hispanic labor comparisons: The Northwest and Midwest. Nursery Management & Production 19(10): 34-35.
Mathers, H. M. 2003. Water quality for ornamentals. American Nurserymen 198(5): 32-34, 36-37.
Mathers, H.M., D. Struve and A. Stoven. 2003. Liners under retractable roofs. Nursery Management & Production 19(1): 53-54, 56. (75|pct| contribution).
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Stop herbicide resistance. Nursery Management & Production 19(9): 52-54, 56, 58, 60.
Mathers, H. M., 2003. Technical information requested for Hispanic nursery employees - Survey Results from Oregon and Ohio. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. Accepted. In Press. (70|pct| Ohio and 30|pct| Oregon).
Mathers, H.M., 2003. Temperature stress issues in nursery containers and current methods of protection. HortTechnology 13(4): 8-15 (100|pct| Ohio).
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Novel weed control methods in containers. HortTechnology 13(1): 28-34.
Mathers, H.M. 2003. Herbicide-treated mulches address some environmental concerns. Golfdom TurfGrass Trends 59(1): 46-48.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Examination of ornamental weed control using micro-encapsulated herbicide treated bark mulches. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 82.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Comparison of herbicide treated barks and pelletized leaf mulch for ornamental weed control. Northeastern Weed Science Society Conference Proceedings 57: 58.
Mathers, H., Case L., Stoven, A., Pope, J., Johansen, S. 2003. Evaluation of new dicholbenil and flumioxazin preemergent herbicide formulations for ornamentals. Northeastern Weed Science Society Proceedings 57: 59.
Mathers, H. 2003. Overview of nursery irrigation management. Ornamental Working Group Workshop: Nursery Irrigation Management. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5): 656.
Mathers, H. 2003. Technical information requirements for Hispanic nursery employees-Survey results from Oregon and Ohio. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):700.
Mathers, H., Case, L., Stoven, A., Johansen, S. and Pope, J. 2003. Examination of ornamental weed control using micro-encapsulated herbicide treated bark mulches. Proceedings of Southern Nurserymen‘‘‘‘s Association Research Conference 48: 355-357.
Mathers, H. 2003. Weed control in ornamentals: The latest research. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Southern Illinois Grounds Maintenance School. Pp. 14-18.
McClellan, C. F.E. Stegelin, R. E. McNiel, S. C. Turner. 2003. Historical price series analysis of seleted woody ornamentals. Southern Nursery Association Research Conf. Proc. 48.
Owen, J.S. Jr., W.A. Johnson, and B.K. Maynard. 2003. A Comparison or Subirrigation System, Basal Temperature, and Auxin Concentration on Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Ilex glabra. J. Envir. Hort. 21: (accepted for publication)
Owen, J.S. Jr., W.A. Johnson, and B.K. Maynard. 2003. Effects of Auxin Concentration and Basal Stem Temperature on Four Woody Plant Taxa Propagated by Stem Cuttings in a Growth Chamber using Recirculating Subirrigation. J. Envir. Hort. 21: (accepted for publication).
Pinel, R. 2003. Establishing The Economic Impact of the Green Industry on Louisiana‘‘‘‘s Economy. Unpublished thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University.
Pinel, R., R. Hinson and R. Navajas. 2003. Establishing the Economic Impact of the Green (Ornamental Plants) Industry at the State Level. Abstract: Proceedings of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol. 35, No. 2, p 441, 2003.
Stegelin, F.and S.C. Turner.An Example Protocol for a New Plant Introduction. Proceedings of the Southern Nurseryman‘‘‘‘s Association Research Conference Forty Fourth Annual Report 2002,p. 543-548.
Struve, D. K., Starbuck, C. and Mathers, H. 2003. Transplanting Red Oak using the Missouri gravel bed system. HortScience Program and Abstracts. 38(5):836.
Tavernier, E.M. and R.G. Brumfield. 2003. An Economic analysis of the greenhouse, nursery and sod sector in the U.S. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38(1):128-130.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Adjusted Gross Revenue Lite, a Greenhouse Operation Case Study. http://hortmgt.aem.cornell.edu/events/agr-lite.htm. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Service Sells, Learn how to market your business the right way. Grounds Maintenance. April 2003: C2, 3, 6.
Uva, W.L. 2003. Northeast Outlook, Ornamental Industries. American Agriculturist. February 2003: 32.
Uva, W.L. and S. Richards, 2003. New York Greenhouse Business Summary and Financial Analysis, 2001. E.B. 2003-12. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
White, G.B., W.L. Uva, and M.L. Cheng. 2003. Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Specialty Crop Producers in New York: Implications for Crop Insurance. R.B. 2003-10. Dept. of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.