Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

All meeting minutes from our 2011 Spring Meeting (Business Meeting) and our 2010 Fall Meeting and Scientific Symposium are available on our website (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/committees/minutes.aspx).

The NRSP-3 provides a framework for cooperation among State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES), the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and other governmental and nongovernmental organizations that support the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). The NADP provides quality-assured data and information on the exposure of managed and natural ecosystems and cultural resources to acidic compounds, nutrients, base cations, and mercury in precipitation and through dry deposition of these same compounds. NADP data support informed decisions on air quality issues related to precipitation chemistry. Specifically, researchers use NADP data to investigate the impacts of atmospheric deposition on the productivity of managed and natural ecosystems; the chemistry of estuarine, surface, and ground waters; and the biodiversity in forests, shrubs, grasslands, deserts, and alpine vegetation. These research activities address environmental stewardship, one of the Experiment Station Sections research challenges. Researchers also use NADP Mercury Deposition Network data to examine the role of atmospheric deposition in affecting the mercury content of fish, and to better understand the link between environmental and dietary mercury and human health. This fits with another research priority of relationship of food to human health. The NADP operates three precipitation chemistry networks: the National Trends Network (NTN), the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), and the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN). At the end of September, 2011, 250 NTN stations were collecting one-week precipitation samples in 48 states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Quebec Province, Canada. The NTN provides the only long-term nationwide record of basic ion wet deposition in the United States. Complementing the NTN is the 7-site AIRMoN and the 106-site MDN. Data from daily precipitation samples collected at AIRMoN sites support continued research of atmospheric transport and removal of air pollutants and development of computer simulations of these processes. The MDN offers the only long-term and routine measurements of mercury in North American precipitation. These data are used to quantify mercury deposition to water bodies that have fish and wildlife consumption advisories due to this toxic chemical. In 2008, every state and 10 Canadian provinces listed advisories warning people to limit fish consumption due to high mercury levels. Coastal advisories are also in place for Atlantic waters from Maine to Rhode Island, from North Carolina to Florida, for the entire U.S. Gulf Coast, and for coastal Hawaii and Alaska. The NADP operates two newer gaseous atmospheric chemistry networks: the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) and the Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN), which is NADPs newest network. In each case, the network goal is to provide atmospheric concentrations of particular gases and then to estimate the rate of dry deposition (without precipitation) of the gas. In many cases, dry deposition of the gas could far exceed the wet deposition of the same compound. At the end of September 2011, 21 AMNet sites were collecting five-minute estimates of gaseous elemental mercury and two-hourly average concentrations of gaseous oxidized mercury and particulate bound mercury. The AMNet provides the only long-term region-wide record of basic mercury concentrations in the United States. The AMoN has 52 sites as of September 2011, where two-week averages of atmospheric ammonia gas are being collected with passive devices. This low-cost network is designed to provide long-running estimates of ammonia in the atmosphere. This gas and data are particularly important to agriculture since many sources of ammonia are agricultural in nature. Data from both gaseous networks support continued research of atmospheric transport and removal of air pollutants and development of computer simulations of these processes. Short-term Outcomes and Outputs. Samples Collected. NADPs principal objective and accomplishment/outcome is the collection and analysis of samples for precipitation chemistry. Briefly, the NADP processed a total of 13,058 weekly precipitation samples from the NTN. These include 12,814 samples and 244 quality assurance samples. The chemical analyses include observations of 10 different analyte concentrations and precipitation volume, which allow for calculation of deposition flux for each analyte. These same data are collected daily (i.e., every day with measurable precipitation) from the AIRMoN network. For the year, AIRMoN collected and processed 1,163 precipitation samples, including 113 QA samples. The MDN collected and processed 5,762 weekly mercury-in-precipitation samples during the year, including 131 quality assurance samples. The AMoN collected and quality assured 1,408 ammonia samples during the year. The AMNet collected, quality assured, and produced 39,000 hourly and two-hourly averages. NADP Data. Our second most important accomplishment/outcome is making data available to all for the support of continued research. Scientists, policymakers, educators, students, and others are encouraged to access data at no charge from the NADP website (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu). This site offers online retrieval of individual data points, seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, concentration and deposition maps, reports, manuals, and other data and information about the program. As of today, 2010 calendar year data are complete and online, with data through June of 2011 available online. Website usage statistics provide evidence that our data are being used. During FY2011, website usage continued to grow. There are now more than 39,000 registered users with over 356,000 independent user sessions. There were almost 27,000 data downloads from the site. The site received more than 1.505 million webpage hits, and our data maps were viewed approximately 124,000 times. Information about users is collected, and the user types include about 33 percent from federal and state agencies, 33 percent from universities, 20 percent from K-to-12 schools, and 14 percent from other organizations. The NADP website has registered users from more than 150 countries across the globe. These statistics demonstrate that NADP continues to be relevant to both the scientific and educational communities, and to attract new users. Map Summary. During FY11, annual maps of atmospheric pollutants, concentrations, and depositions were developed for 2010 calendar year measurements. These maps are used widely for a number of reasons, and constitute one of the major products of the network. Individual maps are filed by network, year, and constituent (see examples at http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/data/annualiso.aspx). Individual maps are compiled into annual Map Summary reports (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/lib/dataReports.aspx). We also completed the distribution of 2,000 printed 2009 Map Summaries, and printed and began distributing 2,000 of the 2010 Map Summaries in September. Currently, the 2010 maps data are finalized, and the 2010 Map Summary is available for all to download. Scientific Meeting (Fall 2010). At the end of each federal year, a scientific meeting is held that showcases some of the latest deposition research that occurred during the year. During FY10 (Lake Tahoe, California, Oct. 19-21, 2010), the meeting focused on Networking the Networks, with a goal of bringing networks together so that collaboration and efficiencies could be generated. The meeting attracted 152 registered participants with three keynote speakers, six speaking sessions, and one poster session. Sessions included Soil Networks with direct agriculture topics, and other sessions detailing biological, atmospheric, and hydrologic monitoring networks and systems. All presentations, posters, and meeting proceedings are available on the NADP website (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/conf/2010/). Scientific Meeting (Fall 2011, FY12). The next scientific meeting was held on October 25 to 28, 2011 in Providence, Rhode Island. It was entitled NADP at the Nexus: Cross System Connections. All meeting information, participants, presentations, and other details are available online. See http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/conf/2011/ for more information and details. These basic activities fulfilled the project objectives: (1) coordination of three networks; (2) quality assurance to ensure consistency; and (3) analytical, site support, and data validation services for the sites supported directly through this agreement. Network Operation Notes. The NADP continues to convert our precipitation gages to an all-digital network, originating with a Technical Committee decision in 2006 (http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/newissues/newgages/newequip.aspx). Currently, the network is well on its way to completing this goal. During the summer, our largest site supporter (USGS, with 70+ sites) purchased and installed (most sites) new digital raingages for its sites, along with new precipitation collectors. With these summer additions, the networks have an approximately 80% digital precipitation record. Further, an independent committee conducted an external review of the management practices of the Program Office (management team) during the summer of 2010. Reports of the review were provided at the Fall Meeting 2010, with a formal response and questions provided to the Executive Committee meeting (Pensacola, May 2011). During the Summer (FY11), the Central Analytical Laboratory (chemistry for NTN and AIRMoN networks) was reviewed and reports are forthcoming. Other Notes. In November 2004, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service issued the first report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, commonly known as Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), in the continental U.S. ASR is an obligate fungal parasite that can cause significant losses in soybean and other leguminous crops. From infected plants, ASR spreads through the aerial release and dispersal of spores. These airborne spores can be scavenged in and below clouds and deposited by rain on uninfected host plants hundreds of kilometers from an existing infection. During the 2010 growing season, NADP again partnered with the USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory (CDL) to look for ASR spores in NTN samples (5th year). With partial support from the Agricultural Research Service, weekly samples from 80 eastern U.S. NTN sites were selected and are undergoing study. Additionally, a new wheat rust investigation, also with CDL, began in November 2009. This investigation occurred at 44 Southern U.S. sites and weekly precipitation samples for several strains of winter wheat rust. Results should be available soon. An investigation occurred during the summer with an intern to locate soybean fields with remote sensing, and further to locate soybean rust with any accuracy. A journal article is pending. The presence of ammonia gas in the atmosphere and its association with agricultural operations has become a very important topic of discussion, and NADP is continuing with an ammonia monitoring network across the central part of the U.S. and Canada. This network was recently accepted as a full network within the NADP system, with a stated goal to develop, deploy, and operate a cost-efficient passive sampling network for basic ammonia gas concentrations. The network includes a quality assurance program to document the accuracy of passive samplers. Following NADP methods, the resulting quality-assured concentrations are now routinely being reported (see http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/nh3net/). This network has numerous implications for agriculture, including directly addressing Challenge Area #2 in The Science Roadmap for Agriculture. The NADP, with support from USGS, worked on its ability to capture the analyte bromine in its NTN samples. Bromide is released into the environment via natural and anthropogenic processes, including agricultural fumigants and flame-retardants. Methyl bromide is classified as an ozone-depleting substance, and its use is strictly regulated and monitored by the U.S. EPA. During FY11, regular collection and reporting of this analyte was initiated, and is now a regularly reported analyte in NTN and AIRMoN networks. Scientists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency supported research at the NADPs Central Analytical Laboratory to determine whether organic nitrogen deposition can be measured reliably and accurately in weekly NTN samples. Preliminary results from these tests indicate a seasonal trend in organic nitrogen concentrations. Furthermore, these concentrations may account for as much as one-third of total nitrogen deposition. A pending journal article is currently at the submission stage and further action by NADP is forthcoming. The NRSP-3 continues to enhance our website to better serve our members and data users. Additionally, a new database technician was hired specifically to increase our ability to handle increasing levels of data (new networks, digital precipitation data). During the 2011 calendar year, 172 journal articles and reports were generated using the NADP data in some form. These are listed in the Publications section. This is again evidence that NADP is producing data that are both valuable and useful. Milestones. 1. As of the beginning of FY11, approximately 400,000 observations of precipitation chemistry are archived by the NADP (NTN and AIRMoN). More importantly, all of these remain available in our database, and are comparable over the years for research. 2. At the NADP Fall 2010 Meeting and Scientific Symposium, the technical sub-committees voted to approve the Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) as an official NADP network. This is the fifth network of the NADP in our 33-year history. This network has operated as an NADP special study since 2008. The focus of AMoN is the measurement of atmospheric ammonia concentrations across North America. These data will be used to model dry deposition of mercury to the environment. AMoN has grown tremendously in the past year, in part due to the importance of the sampling information, and in part due to the low cost and simple approach taken by the network (passive sampling). Currently, AMoN has 52 sites. More information about AMoN can be found at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/amon/. Data are currently being reported and are available for this network.

Include 172 publications used NADP data or resulted from NRSP-3 activities in 2011 . A publically available online database that lists citations using NADP data is accessible at: http://nadp.isws.illinois.edu/lib/bibsearch.asp. 1. Aishlin, P., McNamara, J.P., 2011. Bedrock infiltration and mountain block recharge accounting using chloride mass balance. Hydrological J. 25:1934-1948, doi:10.1002/hyp.7950. 2. Aitkenhead-Peterson, J.A., Nahar, N., Harclerode, C.L., Stanley, N.C., 2011. Effect of urbanization on surface water chemistry in south-central Texas. Urban Ecosyst. 14: 195-210, doi:10.1007/s11252-010-0147-2. 3. Aitkenhead-Peterson, J.A., Dvorak, B.D., Volder, A., Stanley, N.C., 2011. Chemistry of growth medium and leachate from green roof systems in south-central Texas. Urban Ecosyst. 14: 17-33, doi:10.1007/s11252-010-0137-4. 4. Allen, R., Myles, L., Heuer, M.W., 2011. Ambient ammonia in terrestrial ecosystems: A comparative study in the Tennessee Valley, USA. Science of the Total Environ. 409: 27682772. 5. Allen, D.J., Pickering, K.E., Pinder, R.W., Henderson, B.H., Appel, K.W., Prados, A., 2011. Impact of lightning-NO on eastern United States photochemistry during the summer of 2006 as determined using the CMAQ model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 17699-17757, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-17699-2011. 6. Amos, H.M., Jacob, D.J., Holmes, C.D., Fisher, J.A., Wang, Q., Yantosca, R.M., Corbitt, E.S., Galarneau, E., Rutter, A.P., Gustin, M.S., Steffen, A., Schauer, J.J., Graydon, J.A., St. Louis, V.L., Talbot, R.W., Edgerton, E.S., Sunderland, E.M., 2011. Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 29441-29477, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-29441-2011. 7. Appel, K.W., Foley, K.M., Bash, J.O., Pinder, R.W., Dennis, R.L., Allen, D.J., Pickering, K., 2011. A multi-resolution assessment of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v4.7 wet deposition estimates for 20022006. Geosci. Model Dev. 4: 357371, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-357-2011. 8. Appel, K.W., Gilliam, R.C., Davis, N., Zubrow, A., Howard, S.C., 2011. Overview of the atmospheric model evaluation tool (AMET) v1.1 for evaluating meteorological and air quality models. Environ. Modelling & Software 26: 4340-4443. 9. Avila-Segura, M., Barak, P., Jedtcke, J.L., Posner, J.L., 2011. Nutrient and alkalinity removal by corn grain, stover and cob harvest in Upper Midwest USA. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 1190-1195. 10. Baron, J.S., Driscoll, C.T., Stoddard, J.L., Richer, E.E., 2011. Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive U.S. lakes. BioScience 61: 602-613. 11. Belovsky, G.E., Stephens, D., Perschon, C., Birdsey, P., Paul, D., Naftz, D., Baskin, R., Larson, C., Mellison, C., Luft, J., Mosley, R., Mahon, H., Van Leeuwen, J., Allen, D.V., 2011. The Great Salt Lake ecosystem (Utah, USA): Long-term data and a structural equation approach. Ecosphere 2(33), 44pp., doi:10.1890/ES10-00091.1. 12. Benson, L.V., 2011. Factors controlling pre-Columbian and early historic maize productivity in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Regions. J. Arch. Method Theory 18: 1-60, doi:10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z. 13. Brown, S.G., Lee, T., Norris, G.A., Roberts, P.T., Collett, Jr., J.L., Paatero, P., Worsnop, D.R., 2011. Receptor modeling of near-roadway aerosol mass spectrometer data in Las Vegas, Nevada, with EPA PMF. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 11: 22909-22950, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-22909-2011. 14. Caffrey, J.M., Landing, W.M., Nolek, S.D., Gosnell, K.J., Bagui, S.S., Bagui, S.C., 2011. Atmospheric deposition of mercury and major ions to the Pensacola (Florida) watershed: Spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual variability. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10: 5425-5434, doi:10.5194/acp-10-5425-2010. 15. Cai, M., Schwartz, J.S., Robinson, R.B., Moore, S.E., Kulp, M.A., 2011. Long-term annual and seasonal patterns of acidic deposition and stream water quality in a Great Smoky Mountains high-elevation watershed. Water Air Soil Poll. 219: 547-562, doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0727-z. 16. Chalmers, A., Argue, D., Gay, D.A., Brigham, M., Lorenz, D, Schmitt, C., 2011. Mercury trends in fish tissue from streams and lakes in the United States, 1969 to 2005. Environ. Mon. and Assess. 175: 175-191, doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1504-6. 17. Chan, C., Heinbokel, J.F., Myers, J.A., Jacobsk, R.R., 2011. Development and evaluation of a dynamic model that projects population biomarkers of methylmercury exposure from local fish consumption. Integrated Environ. Assess. and Man. 7: 624 to 635. 18. Chen, L., Dick, W.A., 2011. Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment: General Use Guidelines, Ohio State University Extension Document, 36 pp. 19. Choi, H.-S., Rom, C.R., 2011. Estimated nitrogen use efficiency, surplus, and partitioning in young apple trees grown in varied organic production systems. Scientia Horticulturae 129: 674-679. 20. Clair, T.A., Burns, D., Rosas Pérez, I., Blais, J., Percy, K., 2011. Chapter 6 Ecosystems. In Technical Challenges of Multipollutant Air Quality Management. G.M. Hidy, Brook, J.R., Demerjian, K.L., Molina, L.T., Pennell, W.T., Scheffe, R.D. (eds.), Springer Science+Business Media, 553 pp., doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0304-9_10. 21. Clark, C.M., 2011. Chapter 11: Great Plains, in assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H.; Robin-Abbott, M.J.; Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp. 22. Coburn, S., Dix, B., Sinreich, R., Volkamer, R., 2011. Development and characterization of the CU ground MAX-DOAS instrument: lowering RMS noise and first measurements of BrO, IO, and CHOCHO near Pensacola, FL. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. 4: 247-284. 23. Coe, P.K., Johnson, B.K., Wisdom, M.J., Cook, J.G., Vavra, M., Nielson, R.M., 2011. Validation of elk resource selection models with spatially independent data. J. Wildlife Man. 75: 159-170, doi:10.1002/jwmg.10. 24. Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction to Improve Water Quality, 2011. Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An Evaluation of Program Strategies and Implementation. The National Academy Press, Washington DC, ISBN 978-309-21079-9, 247 pp. 25. Compton, J.E., Church, M.R., 2011. Salt additions alter short-term nitrogen and carbon mobilization in a coastal Oregon Andisol. J. Environ. Qual. 40: 1601-1606, doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0013. 26. Compton, J.E., Harrison, J.A., Dennis, R.L., Greaver, T.L., Hill, B.H., Jordan, S.J., Walker, H., Campbell, H.V., 2011. Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle: A new perspective for U.S. decision making. Ecology Letters 14: 804-815, doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01631.x. 27. Cusack, D.F., Silver, W.L., Torn, M.S., Burton, S.D., Firestone, M.K., 2011. Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests. Ecology 92: 621-632. 28. DeForest, J.L., McCarthy, B.C., 2011. Diminished soil quality in an old-growth, mixed mesophytic forest following chronic acid deposition. Northeastern Naturalist 18: 177-184. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/045.018.0204. 29. Dietze, M.C., Moorcroft, P.R., 2011. Tree mortality in the eastern and central United States: patterns and drivers. Global Change Biology 17: 3312-3326, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02477.x. 30. Dillon, P., Dixon, G., Driscoll, C., Giesy, J., Hulbert, S., Nriagu, J., 2011. Evaluation of Four Reports on Contamination of the Athabasca River System by Oil Sands Operations. Report of the Water Monitoring Data Review Committee, Government of Alberta, Canada, 55pp. 31. DiMilla, P.A., Nixon, S.W., Oczkowski, A.J., Altabet, M.A., McKinney, R.A., 2011. Some challenges of an upside down nitrogen budget: Science and management in Greenwich Bay, RI (USA). Marine Poll. Bulletin 62: 672-680. 32. Drenner, R.W., Chumchal, M.W., Wente, S.P., McGuire, M., Drenner, S.M., 2011. Landscape-level patterns of mercury contamination of fish in North Texas, USA. Environ. Tox. Chem. 30: 2041-2045. 33. Du, S., Rodenburg, L.A., 2011. Chapter 6 Measurement and modeling of semivolatile organic compounds in local atmospheres. In: Biophysico-chemical processes of anthropogenic organic compounds in environmental systems, Xing, B., Senesi, N., Huang, P.M. (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN-13: 9780470539637. 34. Eller, A.S.D., McGuire, K.L., Sparks, J.P., 2011. Responses of sugar maple and hemlock seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide under altered above- and belowground nitrogen sources. Tree Physiol. 31: 391-401, doi:10.1093/treephys/tpr014. 35. Endale, D.M., Fisher, D.S., Jenkins, M.B., Schomberg, H.S., Stevens, C.L., 2011. Water Quantity and Quality from a Small Georgia Pasture During 1998-2009: Impact of Drought. Proceedings of 2011 Georgia Water Resourc. Conference, held April 11 13, 2011, at The University of Georgia. 36. Epstein, D.M., 2011. 15N Tracer and Modeling Analyses of Nutrient Transport Through Lakes in a Subalpine Watershed. Masters Thesis, Watershed Sciences Dept., Utah State Univ., 107 pp. 37. Fain, X., Obrist, D., Pierce, A., Barth, C., Gustin, M.S., Boyle, D.P., 2011. Whole-watershed mercury balance at Sagehen Creek, Sierra Nevada, CA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75: 2379-2392. 38. Fan, Y-C., 2011. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Mercury and Heavy Metals in Wet Deposition in Taiwan. Masters Thesis, National Central University, Taiwan. 39. Faulkner, J.W., Zhang, W., Geohring, L.D., Steenhuis, T.S., 2011. Nutrient transport within three vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff. J. Environ. Man. 92: 587-595. 40. Faulkner, J.W., Zhang, W., Geohring, L.D., Steenhuis, T.S., 2011. Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff. Soil Water Conservation 66: 18-28. 41. Felton. D., and K. Civerolo, 2011. Air monitoring plan for establishing an ambient mercury baseline for New York State, Final report. EPA RFA Number OAR-EMAD-05-16. 42. Finlay, J.C., Hood, J.M., Limm, M.P., Power, M.E., Schade, J.D., Welter, J.R., 2011. Light-mediated thresholds in stream-water nutrient composition in a river network. Ecology 92: 140-150. 43. Fisher, J.A., Jacob, D.J., Wang, Q., Bahreini, R., Carouge, C.C., Cubison, M.J., Dibb, J.E., Diehl, T., Jimenez, J.L., Leibensperger, E.M., Lu, Z., Meinders, M.B.J., Pye, H.O.T., Quinn, P.K., Sharmam, S., Streets, D.G., van Donkelaar, A., Yantosca, R.M., 2011. Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter-spring. Atmos. Environ. 45: 7301-7318. 44. Flechard, C.R., Nemitz, E., Smith, R.I., Fowler, D., Vermeulen, A.T., Bleeker, A., Erisman, J.W., Simpson, D., Zhang, L., Tang, Y.S., Sutton, M.A., 2011. Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11: 27032728, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2703-2011. 45. Fortner, S.K., Lyons, W.B., Carey, A.E., Shipitalo, M.J., Welch, S.A., Welch, K.A., 2011. Silicate weathering and CO2 consumption within agricultural landscapes, the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin, USA. Biogeosciences Discuss. 8: 9431-9469, doi:10.5194/bgd-8-9431-2011. 46. Furl, C.V., Meredith, C.A., 2011. Mercury accumulation in sediment cores from three Washington State lakes: Evidence for local deposition from a coal-fired power plant. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60: 26-33, doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9530-5. 47. Gabriel , M., Howard, N., Atkins, S., 2011. Annual permit compliance monitoring report for mercury in downstream receiving waters of the Everglades Protection Area. Appendix 3B-1 in 2011South Florida Environmental Report. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL. 48. Gardner, K.K., McGlynn, B.L., Marshall, L.A., 2011. Quantifying watershed sensitivity to spatially variable N loading and the relative importance of watershed N retention mechanisms. Water Resour. Res. 47: W08524, doi:10.1029/2010WR009738. 49. Garten, C.T., Wullschleger, S.D., Classen, A.T., 2011. Review and model-based analysis of factors influencing soil carbon sequestration under hybrid poplar. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 214-226. 50. Geiser, L.H., Nadelhoffer, K., 2011. Chapter 6: Taiga, in Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., Robin-Abbott, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp. 51. Gilliam, F.S., Goodale, C.L., Pardo, L.H., Geiser, L.H., Lilleskov, E.A., 2011. Chapter 10: Eastern temperate forests, in Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., Robin-Abbott, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp. 52. Gratz, L.E., Keeler, G.J., 2011. Sources of mercury in precipitation to Underhill, VT. Atmos. Environ. 45: 5440-5449. 53. Greaver, T.L., Liu, L., Bobbink, R., 2011. Chapter 17: Wetlands, in Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Pardo, L.H., Robin-Abbott, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., eds., Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-80. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 291 pp. 54. Greenquist, M.A., Schwarz, A.K., Klopfenstein, T.J., Schacht, W.H., Erickson, G. E., Vander Pol, K.J., Luebbe, M.K., Brink, K.R., Baleseng, L.B., 2011. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and dried distillers grains supplementation: Nitrogen use efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 1146-1152, doi:10.2527/jas.2010-2902. 55. Guy, A., DeSutter, T., 2011. Effects of Major Flooding on Water and Sediment Characteristics in an Urban Environment, Technical Report No: ND11-01, North Dakota Water Resourc. 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