SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Sharon Danes, University of Minnesota<br> Sara Douglas, University of Illinois<br> Margaret Fitzgerald, North Dakota State University<br> Grace Fong, University of Hawaii at Manoa<br> Karen Goebel, University of Wisconsin<br> Ramona Heck, Cornell University and Baruch College<br> Cynthia Jasper, University of Wisconsin<br> Yoon Lee, Utah State University<br> Diane Masuo, University of Hawaii at Manoa<br> Glenn Muske, Oklahoma State University<br> Kay Obendorf, Cornell University, Administrative Advisor<br> Alma Owen, Purdue University<br> Jennifer Paul, Iowa State, Research Associate<br> Kay Stafford, The Ohio State University<br> Peggy Whan, University of Arkansas<br> Mary Winter, Iowa State University<br>

Substantial time at the spring meeting was spent explaining the organization of the new data set made available for the first time at the meeting. Final copies of the basic documents for this phase of the project were distributed and explained extensively. Included were the coding manual, case completion status sheet, telephone interview for the business manager, introductory screen and short roster question sequence sheet, questions for introductory scenarios, telephone interview for the combination household/business manager and telephone interview of the household manager. Timelines for when certain tasks would be accomplished relative to this new data set were discussed along with a plan developed for conference presentations and manuscript preparation. The economic sustainability scales and the community sustainability scales under development were discussed with attendees forming committees to work on gathering further information for the formation of the scales. The group voted to use a consistent name when referring to this project: "National Family Business Survey 2000" and to refer to the group as the "Family Business Research Group." The group also discussed building connections with stakeholders for potential grants.

Substantial time at the fall meeting was spent discussing the structure of the data. Handouts were distributed that showed how the businesses divided into various sub-categories. The group identified up-coming work with attendees indicating the areas in which they would work. At the recommendation of the Policy Subcommittee, the group adopted the following: Members of the Technical Committee who consult and who use the data must meet the consulting policies and grants and contracts office policies of their home institutions. The Technical Subcommittee indicated the analysis of data would determine the future direction of the Technical Committee past 2004. The Economic Sustainability Subcommittee reported that their work was proceeding slowly. They discussed 12 to 13 of the proposed indicators but indicated they were having difficulty finding relevant data to apply to these measures. They have enlisted the help of a consultant at Cornell University and were encouraged to move forward as this is an important part of the overall goals of the project.

Accomplishments


  • Estimated the economic impact of family businesses.
  • Identified strategies families could take to increase their success and economic impact.
  • Worked with the Iowa State University Statistical Laboratory in making the decisions needed while the 2000 data were being gathered. Decisions included interpretation of interview schedule questions, data coding, and the construction of the initial data set.
  • Used a hot-deck method to impute missing data for business and family financial information.
  • Prepared extensive documentation for the Technical Committee detailing how to use the 2000 data.
  • Delivered copies of the 2000 data, with appropriate imputations and documentation, to each member of the NE167 Technical Committee.
  • Family FIRO theoretical model, one of interpersonal dynamics and change, was empirically tested and was verified.
  • Leveraged private sector funds from local banks to conduct a study of family businesses in Hawaii.
  • Promoted integrated research  extension activities through publications of a research-based article posted on the college‘s Extension Service web site.
  • Promoted integration of research into the classroom through reporting of NE-167 findings in Family Resource area.
  • Analysis underway and publications drafted related to family succession/retirement issues and "problems" encountered (such as marketing strategies, regulations and laws, cash-flow).
  • Continued exploration measures of economically vulnerable communities available in Wisconsin to supplement the nationally specified measures. Cooperation with faculty from Agriculture Economics.
  • Departmental Seminar - sharing theoretical and applied dimensions of NE-167 with Consumer Science faculty and graduate students. Special emphasis in implications for Extension.
  • Worked on development of indicators for defining an economically vulnerable community.
  • Conducting analysis on comingling of finances among copreneurial couples.
  • Evaluated variations in success among copreneurial businesses by industry type.
  • Utilized research in entrepreneurship classes and extension education efforts.
  • Used 1997 manager and business characteristics to predict whether the 1997 manager would be involved with the business in 2000. More than 3/4 were still the owner/manager of the business. Male business owners were more likely than female owners to still be in the business, and successful businesses were the most likely to be open three years later, although the 1997 business manager may no longer be involved.
  • Reasons for discontinuing business involvement divided according to age, with older managers citing retirement and health problems, and younger managers citing resource issues and "wanting a change" as the primary reasons for getting out of the business.

Impacts

  1. Nonagricultural family businesses generated 54.2% of corporate receipts, 19.3% of partnership receipts, and 68.4% of all proprietors' business income in 1996.
  2. Living in at least a two- generation family increases business revenue .39% or an average of $3,900 per firm.
  3. Increasing the proportion of business owning families that reside in two generation families from 66% to 75% would be associated with an increase in business revenue of $3.4 billion annually in the U.S.
  4. Reducing family tension by only 4% would increase annual firm revenue .04% or $400.
  5. If 10% of business owning families reduced their family tension by 4%, family business revenue in the U.S. would increase $389 million.
  6. Employing a relative living at home increases firm revenue $1,960. If only half of all family businesses employed one more relative of the owner, family business revenue in the U.S. would increase $9.5 billion annually.
  7. If, when times were busy, the family hired temporary help the firm's revenue would increase $3,300 a year.
  8. Assuming 25% of family businesses have a busy season, if half of those with a busy season would hire temporary help, family business revenue would increase $4 billion.
  9. Family businesses find the Family FIRO model a usable problem-solving tool related to personal interdynamics and change.
  10. Family businesses that have cashflow problems had higher liabilities, were more likely to be located in rural counties, were more likely to use business real estate to secure family loans, and have experienced household cashflow problems.
  11. The business manager in family businesses with cashflow problems worked more hours and placed business needs over family needs within businesses compared to those who didnt experience cash-flow problems.
  12. Operating a family business can be profitable and rewarding.
  13. Perceived family success directly influences perceived business success, but not vice versa.
  14. Intermingling of finances between the family and business systems occurred more often in businesses with cashflow problems.
  15. Understanding the circumstances surrounding the change in an individual's status regarding his or her business will enable those who work with family business owners target the delivery of information, resources, and support that may spell the difference between business continuation and business failure.

Publications

Cox, E. S., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2000). Stakeholder responses: Summary views of the key stakeholders. In G. McCann & N. B. Upton (Eds.), The holistic model: Rethinking the role of the university-based family business center (pp. 87-99). Deland, FL: The Stetson University Family Business Center.


Danes, S.M., & Amarapurkar, S. (2001). Business Tensions and Success in Farm Family Businesses. Family Economics and Resource Management Biennial, 4:178-190.


Danes, S.M., Fitzgerald, N., & Doll, K.C. (2000). Financial and relationship predictors of family business goal achievement. Financial Counseling and Planning, 11(2):43-53.


Danes, S. M., Leichtentritt, R., & Metz, M. (2000). Effects of conflict severity on quality of life of men and women in family businesses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 21(3):259-286.


Danes, S. M., Olson, P.D., Zuiker, V.S., VanGuilder-Dik, A.N., & Lee, Y.G. (2001.). Cashflow problems within family businesses. Proceedings of the Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education, Nov. 14-17, 2001, Orlando Florida, pp. 220-231.


Duncan, K.A., Kim, J. H., & Stafford, K. (2001). Resource management practices of business owning families: A three nation comparison. Canadian Home Economics Journal. 55(1): 24.


Duncan, K. A., Zuiker, V. S., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2000). The importance of household management for the business-owning family. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 21(3):287-312.


Fitzgerald, M.A., & Winter, M. (2001). The intrusiveness of home-based work on family life. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 22:75-92.


Fitzgerald, M.A., Winter, M., Miller, N.J., & Paul, J.J. (2001). Adjustment strategies in the family business: implications of gender and management role. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 22:265-29


Heck, R. K. Z. & McCann, G. K. (2001). The Conclusion: Reshaping our vision and ideas about family business. In G. K. McCann & N. Upton (Eds.), Destroying myths and creating value in family business (pp. 65-71). Deland, FL: Stetson University.


Heck, R. K. Z., Jasper, C. R., Stafford, K., Winter, M., & Owen, A. J. (2000). Using a household sampling frame to study family businesses: The 1997 National Family Business Survey. In J. A. Katz, (Ed.), Databases for the study of entrepreneurship (Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth, Vol. 4, pp. 229-287). Stanford, CT: JAI Press.


Heck, R. K. Z. & Stafford, K. (2001). The vital institution of family business: Economic benefits hidden in plain sight. In G. K. McCann & N. Upton (Eds.), Destroying myths and creating value in family business (pp. 9-17). Deland, FL: Stetson University.


Hunts, H. J., Danes, S. M., Haynes, D. C., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2000). Gender and the paid work and family interface for home-working families. In C. B. Hennon, S. Loker, & R. Walker (Eds.), Gender and home-based work (pp. 79-117). Westport, CT: Auburn House.


Jasper, C. R., Goebel, K., Stafford, K., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2000). Gender differences and similarities of management practices of home-based business owners. In C. B. Hennon, S. Loker, & R. Walker (Eds.), Gender and home-based work (pp. 119-136). Westport, CT: Auburn House.


Masuo, D., Castro, R., & Olegario, N. (2001). Family Owned Businesses in the U.S.: A Regional comparison. Papers of the 2000 Conference of the Western Region Home Management-Family Economics Educators, pp. 66-77.


Masuo, D., Fong, G., Yanagida, J., & Cabal, C. (2001). Factors Associated with Business and Family Success: A Comparison of Single Manager and Dual Manager Family Business Households. Spring, 2001. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(1):55-74.

Masuo, D.M., Li, G.L (2001). Some Factors in the Profitability of Small Family Businesses. Entrepreneurs Toolbox, ET-3 [Online]. July, 2001. Available: http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu

Miller, N.J., Winter, M., Fitzgerald, M.A., & Paul, J. (2000). Family microenterprises: Strategies for coping with overlapping family and business demands. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship :5: 87-113.

Stewart, C.C., & Danes S.M. (2001). Inclusion and control in resort family businesses: A developmental approach to conflict. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22 (3):293-320.

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