Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting was held on March 7th, 2010, in conjunction with the WSWS annual meeting at the Doubletree Hotel City Center, Spokane, WA. Meeting was called to order by Chair Drew Lyon at 8:00 a.m. Drew welcomed the group and gave an overview of the meeting agenda. USDA Update. Jim Parochetti provided an update on what is happening in the USDA. The budget is serious. Earmarks are likely to go away with a new budget (not with continuing resolutions). The new budget currently has IPM centers cut. The current thinking within the USDA is that bigger grants foster more awareness in Congress that we need more dollars in the programs. The current view of the agency is that overhead is good because universities need it. For new faculty, ask Mike Bowers about what opportunities are available in Weed Science. It was noted that there was an error in the Weedy and Invasive Species RFA, which is in Foundations programs. Should be herbicide resistance OR non-chemical, not AND. Jim will follow up on questions if we email him with them. Hatch funds - there will be a new formula for distributing it to states, but the dollars are there. It has shrunk in real dollars. Cini Brown presented an overview of Bromus REE NET. The Bromus Research, Education, and Extension (REE NET) project proposes to coordinate networking on the distribution and abundance, impacts, and management of exotic and invasive species in the genus Bromus (Poaceae). Following Dr. Browns presentation, the group discussed future collaborative activities related to invasive weeds in wheat. In particular, the group discussed: 1) How cheatgrass serves to connect crop and noncrop agroecosystems and may contribute to biological exchanges between them. A few thought that would be an exciting line of research. 2) Synthesis of work done on cheatgrass in the Great Basin beyond the effort of Bromus REE NET. 3) Effects of cheatgrass on ecosystem processes (soil microbial communities, invertebrates, pollinators) across systems. 4) Gene flow between crop and non-crop species. 5) Lessons learned from cropland: dont just focus on herbicides as the solution. Consider competitive relationships, etc. Discussion of Possible Grant Proposals. The group discussed a granting effort led by Andy Hulting in collaboration with Idaho, Oklahoma, and Washington to address management of Italian ryegrass in wheat. It was agreed to continue to discuss the feasibility of re-submitting the proposal in response to the Weedy and Invasive Species RFA, although Dr. Hulting indicated he did not feel that he could lead the effort. Nomination & Elections. Ian Burke will move into the Chair role for 2011-2012. Hulting nominated Joe Armstrong for Secretary. It was seconded by Kniss. The group voted unanimously to elect Armstrong for the Secretary for 2011-2012. Armstrong agreed to serve as Secretary.

Colorado (Phil Westra): Research. The CSU weed science program continues to work closely with Dr. Scott Haley, CSU wheat breeder, on the development of 2-gene hard red winter Clearfield wheat. Research shows that the 2-gene wheat is much more tolerant to Beyond herbicide applied with very effective adjuvant products such as MSO adjuvants. Using a system with higher herbicidal activity will provide for more aggressive and effective control of weeds such as feral rye. Downy brome  We continue to evaluate downy brome control with registered herbicides, including the evaluation of new formulations. Use of post emerge ALS inhibiting herbicides on conventional wheats, or the use of imazamox on Clearfield wheat varieties, give Colorado growers effective tools for downy brome management. Clearfield wheat varieties are planted on 8% of all Colorado wheat acres where they have provided excellent agronomic performance as well as control of winter annual grasses and mustards. Jointed Goatgrass  We have a new MS weed science student, Craig Beil, working on DNA transfer between jointed goatgrass and winter wheat over several generations. We hope to generate BC2 plants in a field study put out in the fall of 2010. If this effort is successful, we will use molecular techniques to try to determine the amount of additional DNA that may be moved when a gene such as the Clearfield ALS gene is exchanged between these two grass species. This project is part of a USDA biotech risk assessment research grant program. Idaho(Donn Thill and Don Morishita): Research. Studies were established to evaluate Italian ryegrass control in wheat. In a KIH-485 + Roundup PowerMax (RPM) burndown study, RPM (preplant) + Osprey (post) with or without Axiom (pre) or KIH-485 at 1.5 oz/A (middle rate) (preplant), and RPM + KIH-485 at 2 oz (high rate) injured wheat 10 to 18%. RPM + KIH-485 at 1, 1.5 , and 2 oz/A (preplant), RPM + KIH-485 (middle rate) + Osprey or Axial XL (post), RPM + Axiom (pre) alone or + Osprey or Axial XL, RPM + Osprey controlled Italian ryegrass 81 to 94% but was not controlled by RPM + Axial XL or KIH-485 (low rate) (38 and 72%). Axial XL alone did not control Italian ryegrass due to an ACCase resistant population. In a KIH-485 and Amber study, KIH-485 at 2 oz/A (high rate) injured wheat 12%. Preemergence treatments (KIH-485 at 1, 1.5, and 2 oz/A, Axiom, KIH-485 (mid rate) + Amber or Axiom, Amber + Axiom; postemergence treatments (PowerFlex, Osprey, Atlantis); and combinations treatments (Amber plus PowerFlex, Osprey, or Atlantis) controlled Italian ryegrass 86 to 94%, but was not controlled by Amber and Axial XL alone or in combination (56 to 68%). Axial XL alone did not control Italian ryegrass due to an ACCase resistant population. In the Axiom combination study, Italian ryegrass control tended to be better with postemergence treatments alone (PowerFlex, Osprey, Atlantis) or in combination with Axiom at 8 or 10 oz/A (85 to 95%). Studies were established in winter wheat to evaluate rattail fescue control. In the PowerFlex and GoldSky timing study, Axiom treatments alone or combination with PowerFlex, GoldSky and Osprey controlled rattail fescue 90 to 95% at both evaluation times. Application timing (2 leaf or 2 tiller rattail fescue stage) for POST treatments (PowerFlex, GoldSky, and Osprey) without Axiom did not affect rattail fescue control (35 to 68%). In the Axiom and PrePare combination weed control study, preemergence treatments (KIH-485, Axiom at 8 and 10/oz, Axiom at each rate + PrePare, Axiom (low rate) + KIH-485, KIH-485 + PrePare); POST treatments (Maverick, Everest) and combinations (Axiom at each rate + Maverick, Everest, and PowerFlex) and PrePare + Everest controlled rattail fescue 84 to 95% but was not controlled by PrePare or PowerFlex alone (49 and 72%). In the Axiom and PrePare combinations weed-free tolerance study, wheat grain yield and test weight ranged from 88 to 103 bu/A and 63.6 to 64.3 lb/bu, respectively, and did not differ among herbicide treatments and the untreated check. Studies were established to evaluate downy brome control in winter wheat. In a preemergence combination study, Axiom, Axiom + KIH-485, Hoelon, Define, Hoelon (32 or 40 oz/A) combined with Define (7, 9, or 11 oz/A), and Olympus + Sencor (POST) controlled downy brome 90 to 99%. In a timing study, Olympus Flex applied to 3 tiller downy brome controlled it 97%, which did not differ from the 3 tiller timing of PowerFlex (88%). The early timing (80 to 97%) treatments tended to control downy brome better than the late timing (68 to 80%). In an Everest study, downy brome control was best with PowerFlex (96%). Everest combined with Ally XP, Amber, or ARY-0547-001 (tribenuron) controlled brome 44 to 56%. Studies were established in spring wheat to evaluate wild oat control with flucarbazone formulations at two timings. A water dispersible granule (WDG) flucarbazone formulation was compared to a suspension concentrate (SC) of flucarbazone. Due to a known heavy wild oat population, studies were established without and with FarGo, which was applied post plant incorporated. In the study without FarGo, Axial XL + Widematch + Rhonox and all treatments applied to 2-leaf wild oat (flucarbazone WDG + Widematch or Supremacy and flucarbazone SC + Widematch) controlled it 84 and 95%, respectively, on June 8. By June 23, Axial XL and Wolverine controlled wild oat 95%. Over the growing season, wild oat control decreased for all 2 leaf timing treatments from 95 to 76% likely due to continued emergence. On June 8 in the study with FarGo, Axial XL + Widematch + Rhonox and Wolverine injured spring wheat 16 to 18%, and wild oat control was 95% with all treatments applied to 2 leaf wild oat (flucarbazone WDG + Widematch or Supremacy and flucarbazone SC + Widematch), but did not differ from Osprey (82%). By June 23, Wolverine and Axial XL treatment controlled wild oat 94 and 95%, respectively. Similar to the study without FarGo, wild oat control decreased for all 2 leaf treatments due to continued emergence. At 8 days after treatment (DAT), studies in winter wheat near Lapwai showed that Huskie combined with Starane NXT, Bronate Advanced or Starane Ultra controlled catchweed bedstraw 95 to 96%. By 40 DAT, catchweed bedstraw control ranged from 79 to 91% with Widematch, Huskie + Widematch, Starane NXT, or Bronate Advanced. In a Supremacy study, catchweed bedstraw control was 84 to 95% with Supremacy at 6 oz/a (high rate) + Rhonox or NIS alone or in combination, Supremacy at 5 oz/A (middle rate) + Rhonox, and Widematch + Rhonox. Huskie, Widematch + Rhonox, Supremacy at 6 oz/A + Bronate Advanced, Rhonox or NIS alone or in combination, and Supremacy at 5 oz/A + Weedone LV4 or Bronate Advanced controlled mayweed chamomile 78 to 95%. In a study near Genesee, Affinity Tankmix alone or combined with Widematch, Huskie, Orion, Bronate Advanced, and Starane + Sword controlled field pennycress, shepherds purse, and scentless chamomile 100%. Prickly lettuce was controlled 81 to 99% by Affinity Tankmix combinations (see above). Affinity Tankmix alone did not control prickly lettuce (50%) due to ALS resistance. Xerpha, soft white winter wheat was released by WSU in 2008 and was planted extensively throughout the PNW during fall 2009. Xerpha injury symptoms were reported by growers following herbicide application in spring 2010. In response to these reports, a study was established in Xerpha near Potlatch to evaluate crop response to commonly used broadleaf and grass herbicides. At 4 DAT, Olympus, Olympus Flex, Osprey, Affinity BroadSpec, Axial XL, and PowerFlex + Bronate Advanced caused 5 to 9% leaf margin burn, but these treatments did not differ from Huskie, Bronate Advanced, PowerFlex alone or combined with Affinity Tankmix or Huskie (0%). By 12 DAT, no injury was visible. Extension. Project personnel participated in several extension meetings and field days throughout the State, including annual cereal schools. A weed management guide on Italian ryegrass biology and control is being prepared. The Herbicide Resistance and Persistence computer program version for southern Idaho is complete and contains data for the irrigated grain producing area. The program is accessible from the UI website for free download via a link on the PSES website http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/pses/. Montana (Fabian Menalled): Research. Evaluation of multi-trophic pest interactions in agricultural systems. Wheat stem sawfly, Fusarium crown rot, and cheatgrass form a multitrophic pest complex that threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wheat cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. This study aims to 1) pinpoint first principles related to multitrophic interactions in this pest complex as its members may influence each other in both positive and negative ways and 2) evaluate the joint impact of simple, easy to adopt, management practices such as crop variety, stand density and herbicide application rate on these pests. Role of wheat variety, weed biotype, and stress on virus transmission and crop-weed competitive interactions. Stakeholders across the Great Plains and Pacific Northwest region have identified wheat viruses and grassy weeds as having major impacts on yield and grain quality. We are evaluating approaches to provide joint weed control and virus management recommendations for small grain growers. We will achieve this goal by 1) assessing the interrelationships between crop stress including soil moisture, viruses, and weeds on achievable wheat yields and 2) evaluating the susceptibility of crop varieties and weed biotypes to virus infection by wheat viruses including Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), High Plains virus (HPV), and a newly identified virus, Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). Effectiveness of newly developed herbicides for weed control in Montanas agriculture. Every year, new herbicides and re-formulations of existing products are released into the market. As part of a service to Montana agricultural producers and in close collaboration with the Industry, we conducted herbicide screening trials to assess the effectiveness of these products under a range of environmental and crop conditions representative of Montanas agriculture. This study is being developed with the help of Mr. Edward S. Davis, Weed Research Associate, MSU. Nebraska (Drew Lyon): Research. Two field studies related to winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat were completed in 2010 at the High Plains Ag Lab near Sidney. The first study was initiated in the fall of 2009 to look at flucarbazone (Pre-pare) applied PRE to winter wheat in combination with other herbicides for downy brome control. The plot area was tilled prior to initiating the study and emerged downy brome was killed at that time. Dry weather after tillage and wheat seeding resulted in no downy brome emergence that fall or over the winter. Consequently, POST treatments were not applied and the study was redirected in the late spring to look at the potential of recrop injury in grain sorghum, sunflower, and proso millet. Visual injury and crop heights were measured approximately four weeks after crop emergence. Crops were not taken to yield. No crop injury was observed in sunflower or proso millet. Crop injury was observed in grain sorghum, which was known to be sensitive to flucarbazone. This study suggests that proso millet and sunflower, two common rotational crops with winter wheat in western Nebraska, may be tolerant to residual levels of flucarbazone in the soil within one year of application. The second completed study compared pyroxsulam (PowerFlex) for downy brome control in winter wheat to sulfosulfuron (Maverick). Applications were made in the fall and spring. The two herbicides performed similarly. Downy brome densities were high. Fall applications provided about 75% control of downy brome, while spring applications provided only about 30% control. Wheat yield averaged about 41 and 17 bushels/acre for fall and spring applications, respectively. We initiated another field study in the fall of 2010 to look at flucarbazone (Pre-pare) applied PRE to winter wheat in combination with other herbicides for downy brome control. This study was initiated in a no-till continuous crop rotation following oat + pea for forage. Downy brome had set seed in this field in the preceding forage crop. However, very dry fall conditions not only resulted in no downy brome after winter wheat seeding, there was also very little wheat that emerged until late October rains managed to bring some wheat on. However, we are still waiting to see if we will get any downy brome to emerge this spring. Extension. No specific extension programming focused on invasive weeds in winter wheat in 2010 or early 2011. Oregon (Dan Ball, Andrew Hulting, and Carol Mallory-Smith): Research. A statewide effort focusing on evaluation of newer herbicide products for management of invasive weeds in wheat based cropping system was undertaken in 2009-2010. Trials in eastern OR focused on downy brome control with preemergence applications of pyroxasulfone or flufenacet, characterization and management of sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in blue mustard, downy brome control with postemergence applications of iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam and flucarbazone, persistence of fomesafen and carryover to winter wheat, rattail fescue control with pyroxsulam, rotational crop (spring or winter wheat) carryover from imazamox and screening of advanced 2-gene CLEARFIELD wheat for tolerance to imazamox. Continued studies with Sharpen and Huskie in chemical fallow indicate that these herbicides may provide improved late-season fallow control of Russian thistle and prickly lettuce when mixed with glyphosate, thereby reducing the reliance on the high rates of glyphosate used alone. Evaluations of cost-effective herbicide treatment regimes in chemical fallow were again conducted during the 2009-2010 crop year. Trials in western Oregon focused on grass control in winter and spring wheat. Control of Italian ryegrass, California brome, downy brome and rattail fescue were evaluated with a range of preemergence, early postemergence and postemergence applications of herbicides, including flufenacet+ metribuzin and pyroxasulfone, in several studies. Rattail fescue, California brome, and downy brome control was evaluated in the 2009-2010 crop year with fall versus spring applications of herbicides. A crop rotation study, evaluating injury of three grass grown for seed species and crimson clover planted 6 months after applications of 1X, 2X and 4X rates of PowerFlex, Maverick, and Olympus to winter wheat has been established and will continue throughout 2010-2011. Several combination broadleaf and grass weed management studies were also conducted. Tank mixes of the next generation of Osprey, known as Atlantis (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron), Huskie, and various other broadleaf herbicides were compared to Axial TBC and evaluated for control of volunteer meadowfoam, prickly lettuce, volunteer white clover as well as Italian ryegrass and annual bluegrass in winter wheat. Another broadleaf and grass weed management study in winter wheat compared treatments of Osprey, Axial XL, PowerFlex and Atlantis applied in the spring following a fall application of Axiom. Axial TBC, Orion, and Pulsar tank mixed with other broadleaf herbicides were evaluated for control of shepherds purse, lesser seeded bittercress, ivy-leaf speedwell, and prickly lettuce in winter wheat. None of the treatments in this study controlled the ivy-leaf speedwell. Three winter wheat/herbicide tolerance trials were planted each with a different cultivar of wheat. Goetze was planted as a standard cultivar, Skiles, and a cultivar 726 that is near release by the Oregon State University wheat breeding program, were planted to evaluate injury from commonly applied wheat herbicides. The tolerance trials were treated with 18 herbicide treatments, including registered and experimental pre and postemergence wheat herbicide products. Carfentrazone (Aim) and pyraflufen (Vida) applications caused irregular necrotic flecks on the wheat leaves shortly after application. However, the wheat has recovered from these two treatments and no other injury has been documented on any of the three wheat varieties from the other 16 herbicide treatments. These results are similar to those from the 2008-2009 cropping year when the cultivars Goetze, Tubbs 06 and 301 (an experimental cultivar near release) were evaluated under western OR conditions and no major herbicide sensitivity problems were documented. Extension presentations have been ongoing statewide throughout 2009-2010 and have included research update presentations at several industry winter grower meetings and Extension meetings across the state. Field tours of research plots at Hyslop Research Farm and at the Columbia Basin Ag Research Center have also been completed. For example, the OSU Weed Science Group in western OR hosted tours of research trials for all interested industry partners at Hyslop Farm in January-March of 2010. These tours were organized in such a fashion that individual crop consultant/input companies (~ 70 individuals representing Wilco Farmers, Crop Protection Services, Wibur-Ellis, Marion Ag Service, Inc., Fitzmaurice Fertilizer Inc., Simplot and others) could tour research and have open discussions with Extension faculty and their own employees. The tours usually centered on a discussion of herbicide mode of action, activity and selectivity as well as on discussions of potential new uses for established wheat herbicide products. Extension bulletins were produced, published, and made available on-line through OSU Extension and Experiment Station Communications with hard copies available through OSU Extension offices. Data from these trials are used to support labeling of herbicides in diverse wheat-cropping systems in Oregon. Research and experience using recently registered products provides critical information to growers and agri-business consultants that allow them to refine their weed control practices, control invasive weeds efficiently, and avoid wheat injury and yield reductions. The research is also critical to aiding the early adoption of new technologies in wheat production which maintains the competitiveness of Oregon wheat production. The results of these studies are passed on to growers in many Extension venues and through publication of the wheat-based chapters of the Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook (http://www.ipmnet.org/IPM_Handbooks.htm). Relation to Other Research: Ph.D. students are continuing studies on jointed goatgrass, looking at differences among populations of jointed goatgrass to identify competitiveness traits and survey wheat fields for herbicide resistant hybrids produced by crossing of Clearfield wheat with jointed goatgrass. Several projects are also conducted in cooperation with researchers at Washington State University and the University of Idaho. Combined results from these studies improve the reliability of findings and are complimentary for the broad range of PNW dryland or high rainfall cropping environments. Washington (Ian Burke): Research. Trials in eastern Washington focused on downy brome, Italian ryegrass, and rattail fescue control. Control of Italian ryegrass, downy brome, and rattail fescue were evaluated with a range of preemergence, early postemergence and postemergence applications of herbicides in several studies in all rainfall zones. Studies included applications of single active ingredients compared to chemical control systems. Evaluation of two-gene Clearfield varieties continued in collaboration with regional wheat breeders. Analysis continued of a multi-year cropping systems study in a no-till regime with six different three year rotations of spring wheat (SW)  winter wheat (WW)  alternative crop rotation (winter or spring plantings of barley, canola, or pea) that was initiated in 2001 on the Washington State University Cook Agronomy Farm near Pullman, WA. One objective for this study was to better understand how conservation tillage and crop rotation practices affect weed species composition and distribution across the landscape. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) abundance decreased while Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] and mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) increased when the rotation was WW - SW - spring alternative crop with a no-tillage system. Weed species composition in winter canola or barley alternative crop systems changed from wild oat and common lambsquarters to prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.), while weed species composition in winter pea changed depending on field position, becoming dominated by Italian ryegrass or prickly lettuce. The data were then analyzed using Random Forest Regression to attempt to address the entire field. Between 15.87% and 22.2% of the variation in the appearance of Italian ryegrass was explained by the crop rotation, soil, or terrain. Elevation is the largest contributing factor, but global irradiation, flow direction, flow accumulation, and specific catchment area also influenced Italian ryegrass populations. Terrain, environmental, and soil attributes were not contributing factors for the distribution of the remainder of the weed species. The observed changes in weed species composition agree with the changes that have occurred in management practices on the site, particularly the repeated use of herbicides for wild oat control. Studies were established in Davenport, Dayton, Fairfield, LaCrosse, and Pullman, WA in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate early crop growth and development of six winter wheat varieties treated with mesosulfuron applied alone and mesosulfuron applied with bromoxynil plus MCPA in mixture. Transient growth inhibition was observed when mesosulfuron was applied to ORCF-102 in Pullman, Eltan in LaCrosse and Pullman, and Eddy in LaCrosse and Dayton. Although injury was observed in Madsen, no significant growth inhibition was observed when that variety was treated with mesosulfuron. When mesosulfuron was applied with bromoxynil plus MCPA, significant injury was observed in all varieties at all locations 21 DAT, except Eltan at Fairfield and Madsen at LaCrosse. Early season injury caused by mesosulfuron appeared to be transient at each location. Of the varieties evaluated, Eltan and Eddy appear most sensitive to early season injury, while Madsen and ORCF-102 were the least sensitive. The observed early season injury did not translate into a consistent yield loss, even when mesosulfuron was applied with bromoxynil plus MCPA. The lack of yield response is likely attributable to moisture received in May and June. Wyoming (Andrew Kniss): Field research on downy brome control in winter wheat continued in 2010. Split applications (fall and spring) of propoxycarbazone were effective for downy brome control, but split applications of reduced pyroxsulam rates reduced control compared to either fall or spring applications. Fall applications of all herbicides again provided greater control compared to the same treatment applied in the spring. Studies on the soil seed bank ecology of jointed goatgrass were initiated using a stable isotope method for 'tagging' seed. Preliminary results were presented at the 2011 Western Society of Weed Science meeting in Spokane. Grant funding to continue this project is being sought from various sources.

Campbell, J.M. and D.C. Thill. 2010. Herbicide resistance in a direct seed wheat cropping systems. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 92. Morishita, D.W., J.D. Henningsen and D.L. Shouse. 2010. Broadleaf weed control with pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil in comparison with other broadleaf herbicides. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 61:94-95. Morishita, D.W., J.D. Henningsen and D.L. Shouse. 2010. Comparison of postemergence herbicides for wild oat and broadleaf weed control in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 61:96-97. Morishita, D.W., J.D. Henningsen and D.L. Shouse. 2010. Fluroxypyr/bromoxynil compared to other broadleaf herbicides in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 61:93. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Catchweed bedstraw control in winter wheat with pinoxaden/florasulam. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 102-103. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Downy brome control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 104-106. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Italian ryegrass control in wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 99-101. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Preplant broadleaf weed control with saflufenacil in fallow, spring wheat and pea. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 84-87. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Preplant grass weed control with flucarbazone plus glyphosate combinations in wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 90-92. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Prickly lettuce control in winter wheat with pyrasulfotole/ bromoxynil and fluroxypyr. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 112-114. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Rattail fescue control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 109-111. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Tolerance of winter wheat varieties to mesosulfuron applied under adverse environmental conditions. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 117-118. Rauch, T. A. and D. C. Thill. 2010. Tolerance of winter wheat varieties to imazethapyr and mesosulfuron. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 119-120. Rauch, T. A. and D. Thill. 2010. Mayweed chamomile control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Prog. Rep. 107-108. Rauch, T.A., D.C. Thill, I. Burke, D. Pittman, J. Yenish, R. Rood, D. Ball, and L. Bennett. 2010. Winter wheat varieties response to mesosulfuron applied under adverse conditions in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 42. Rauch, T.A., D.C. Thill, S. Gersdorf, and W. Price. 2010. Occurrence of Herbicide-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) in Northern ID and Eastern WA. Weed Technol. 24:281-288. Thill, D. C. 2010. Development and spread of ALS herbicide-resistant Kochia. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 166 (invited). Thill, D.C. 2010. Weed resistance in cereal crops in the northern region of the USA. Proc. Pan-American Weed Resistance Conference. Young, F.L., D.A. Ball, D.C. Thill, J.R. Alldredge, A.G. Ogg Jr and S. Seefeldt. 2010. Integrated Weed Management Systems Identified for Jointed Goatgrass in the PNW. Weed Technol.24:430-439. Davis, P.B., F. Menalled, R.K.D. Peterson, and B. Maxwell. In Press. Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species. J. Appl. Ecol. Schat, M., S. Sing, R. Peterson, F. Menalled, and D. Weaver. Accepted with minor revisions. Growth inhibition of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller, in response to herbivory by the biological control agent Mecinus janthinus Germar. J. Entomological Sci. Sciegienka, J., E. Keren, and F. Menalled. In Press. Interaction of two biological control agents and a herbicide for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) suppression. Invasive Plant Science and Management. Lehnhoff; E.A., F. Menalled, and L. Rew. In Press. Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) establishment in its most Northern range. Invasive Plant Science and Management. Weise, J.L., E.K. Keren, and F. Menalled. In Press. Native wildflower species seedling tolerances to post-emergence herbicides. Native Plants Journal. Menalled, F. 2010. Ecological considerations in the design of integrated weed management programs (In Spanish). Agroecologia 5: 73-78. Smith. R., M.R. Ryan, and F. Menalled. Direct and indirect impacts of weed management practices on soil quality. In Press. Soil Management: Building a Stable Base for Agriculture. J. Hatfield and T. Sauer (eds.) Gan, Y., H.R. Kutcher, F. Menalled , G. Lafond , and S.A. Brandt . 2010. Intensifying production of using broadleaf crops in cereal-based cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. In Press. Current Advancements in Soil Science and Agronomy Research in the Northern Great Plains. D. Malhi, ed. Menalled, F. Integrated weed management in lentils. MT 201009AG New 9/10 Burrows, M., D. Weaver, and F. Menalled. 2010. 2011 Common Montana Wheat Pests calendar. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee and Montana State University Extension McVay, K., M. Burrows, F. Menalled, and K. Wanner. 2010. Montana wheat production guide. Montana State University Extension Service. Burrows, M., D. Weaver, and F. Menalled. 2009. 2010 Common Montana Wheat Pests calendar. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee and Montana State University Extension. Jenks, B., G. Willoughby, J. Lukach, F. Menalled, and E. Davis. 2010. Comparison of desiccant timing and harvest method in canola. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA 2010 International Annual Meeting. Long Beach, CA. Oct 31  Nov. 3, 2010. Keren, I., F. Menalled, D. Weaver, A. Dyer, and J. Robinson-Cox. 2010. A total system approach to modeling and pest management in wheat cropping systems. 2010 Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Aug 1-6, 2010. Miller, Z., F. Menalled, M. Burrows, and N. Orloff. 2010. Direct and interactive effects of plant stressors on winter wheat yields and crop-weed competition. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Aug 1-6, 2010. Hanson, M., P. Hatfield, H. Goosey, and F. Menalled. 2010. Impact of strategic sheep grazing on weed communities. 2010 Weed Science Society of America and Society for Range Management Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado. Feb 7-11, 2010. Menalled, F., Z. Miller, M. Burrows, and N. Orloff. 2010. Direct and interactive effects of plant stressors on winter wheat yields and crop-weed competition. 2010 Weed Science Society of America and Society for Range Management Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado. Feb 7-11, 2010. Keren, I., F. Menalled, D. Weaver, and A. Dyer. 2010. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) management in spring wheat cropping systems is complicated by the presence of wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) and Fusarium crown rot. 2010 Weed Science Society of America and Society for Range management Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado. Feb 7-11, 2010. Orloff, N, Z. Miller, F. Menalled, and J. Mangold. 2010. Nitrogen availability and distance from row modifies competitive interactions between downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and winter wheat. 2010 Weed Science Society of America and Society for Range management Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado. Feb 7-11, 2010. Menalled, F. and R. Smith. 2010. Competitiveness of herbicide resistant and susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia) under contrasting management practices. Pan-American Weed Resistance Conference. Miami, Florida. January 19-21, 2010. Alvarez, J.M. and F. Menalled. 2010. A new host and overwintering site for the mealybug Trionymus haancheni McKenzie (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Idaho. 94th annual PB-ESA meeting. Boise, ID, April 11-14, 2010. Gandhi, H., M.I. Vales, C. A. Mallory-Smith, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2009. Genetic structure of Aegilops cylindrica Host in its native range and in the United States of America. TAG 119:1013-1025. Perez-Jones, A., S. Intanon, and C.A. Mallory-Smith. 2009. Molecular analysis of hexazinone-resistant shepherds purse (Capsella bursa- pastoris) reveals a novel psbA mutation. Weed Sci. 57:574-578. Tarasoff, C.S., C.A. Mallory-Smith, and D.A. Ball. 2009. Competitive effects of Nuttalls and weeping alkaligrass in Kentucky bluegrass. Northwest Sci. 83:325-333. Harrington, J., P.F. Byrne, F.B. Peairs, S.J. Nissen, P. Westra, P. C. Ellsworth, A. Fournier, C.A. Mallory-Smith, R.S. Zemetra, and W. B. Henry. 2009. Perceived consequences of herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant crops on integrated pest management strategies in the Western United States: Results of an online survey. AgBioForum 12:412-421. Rehman, M., J.L. Hansen, C.A. Mallory-Smith, A. Hang, C. Burton, and R.S. Zemetra. 2010. Determining the pollen parent of field-grown backcross progenies of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) X jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) hybrids using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Crop Sci. 50:1474-1479. 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Accepted 08-February-2011. DOI: 10.1614/WT-D-10-00146.1. Kniss, A.R. and D.J. Lyon. 2011. Winter wheat response to pre-plant applications of aminocyclopyrachlor. Weed Technology. 25:51-57.