Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

2011 WERA089 Minutes March 10-11, 2011 Hotel Arizona, Tucson, Az Chair: Jeff McMorran, Oregon State University Vice-Chair: Joe Munyaneza, USDA-ARS Secretary: Nina Zidack, Montana State University Administrative Advisor: Donn Thill, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID (absent) Call to Order (8:15 AM). Introductions and affiliations of attendees. Jeff announced that Donn Thill was not able to attend. He sent an e-mail that we had a temp designation of Temp341 which has been approved and will officially commence on October 1, running for 5 years. WERA 089 initiated October 2006 and terminates September 30 of 2011. Annual report will be filed by chair (Joe Munyaneza). The report should be an accumulation of accomplishments and impacts over the duration of the project. Jeff distributed agenda and described the purpose of this meeting, an informal discussion between certification, research and industry participants. Approval of Minutes State Reports on Seed Certification Colorado: Kent Sather presented certification process in CO and presented data on seed potato acreages since 1995. Most states have declined in acreage. Colorado had a big spike in early 2000s with increases in Russet Norkotah, but as PVY increased, Norkotah acreage decreased and total acreage declined towards 2010. Jonathon Whitworth, some of acreage decline also due to higher pack-out of newer varieties compared to Russet Burbank. Rob Davidson - PVY epidemic started in mid-90s with increase in Norkotahs and resulted in a community disease. Epidemic has been difficult to get under control. Colorado has passed seed act, hopeful that it will reduce PVY. PHT plots received frost at Yuma, AZ three times this year and did not regrow after last frost. CO rules allow fallback on summer results if Winter results not available. Some leaf testing had already been performed on lots going to Idaho for recertification. Next year CO will pick leaves on latent varieties and test in the lab. Have looked into GH test; cost would be ~2X what it would be in the field. Jeff McMorran - $135 for 400 tuber sample in GH in Oregon; visual assessment only. Jeff does not think they are missing on latent varieties because mosaic symptoms show up well in GH. Mathuresh Singh from Canada indicated that they may miss some N:O positives on visual in GH compared to serological. Idaho: Doug Boze distributed summary of plot readings since 2004. Seed acreage relatively stable and tied to commercial acreage. Initiated 100% leaf testing in PHT in 2007 for PVY and PVA. They still visually inspect all plots for leafroll. Better planting decisions due to ELISA data have led to a significant reduction in percentage of samples infected with PVY, and a dramatic reduction in the percentage of lots ineligible since started ELISA testing in PHT. Started collecting leaves in first week in January on plants that had emerged and every other week after that. Had frost the first week of February. Most of those plants that were slower to emerge werent as affected by the frost and they were able to collect enough tissue for mosaic test. Jeff McMorran, can you get a valid test after a frost? Doug, yes we did some leaf picking after the frost and put them at the front of the queue in the lab. Rob Davidson, how are growers paying for ELISA? Doug, winter test are included in acreage fee. Fees increased ~$1/acre. Prior to this, picked 100 random leaves out of latent varieties. Growers have accepted the extra testing and are making decisions that are reducing overall virus. Doug has observed that rouging for visual plants may selects for latent strains. Rob Davison, traditional rouging may end up with even endgame; rogue 1, spread 1. Phil Hamm, nowhere in the scientific literature does it say that PVY can be spread mechanically in replicated trials. Mathuresh Singh, has found leaf roll in volunteers in past, now leaf roll gone, but volunteers with PVY can be a problem in New Brunswick. Phil Nolte, first year volunteers are very deep in the soil. In each successive year the tubers produced are higher in the soil profile and more likely to freeze. Idaho doing strain ID on early generation lots with PVY. If problem strains are found, ISU and ICI extension will strongly recommend that the grower eliminate that lot from his production. Phil Nolte, Rangers and Alturas are varieties that select for strains other than O. California: Pablo Guzman reported that acreage was down 20%. For the 2010 crop, just 1 seedlot was rejected. In one lot, there was no virus in first inspection, and second inspection there was 2-3% PVY. For the 2011 crop, they are behind on planting with most of the crop planted in January rather than December due to rain. Should be back to 700 acres in 2011. Most of seed stays in California, little export out of state. There are three growers in the program located in Stockton, Bakersfield, and Tooley Lake growing primarily fresh market varieties. Do not grow any lots for recertification. Bring lots in from other states. Just produce one generation as seed before it goes for commercial seed. Rarely do recertification for their own farm. If they want to recertify, PHT results based on random 400 plant samples within the field at the end of the growing season. Montana: Nina Zidack reported that overall PVY levels are similar to the last few years. There were some significant current season increases in Norkotah CO3 from summer testing to the PHT. Rob Davison suggested growers reduce fertilizer and make sure you get good vine kill. Jonathon Whitworth commented that in his studies, CO3 current season infection rates are significantly higher than standard Norkotahs. Nebraska: Steve Marquart, were able to read PHT samples before frost in Florida. Only lost two lots. 99.9% of lots passed inspection. There are three seed growers in Nebraska and they have very little virus or no virus. Washington: Andy Jenson, a grower from Skagit valley is having problems with mosaic type disease with some tuber symptoms. Seed comes from BC and Lindon area. They will plant some of these lots in the seedlot trial at Othello. Mark Pavek is seeing PVY mosaic going down in the commercial seedlot trial. In 2008, 15% of seedlots had severe mosaic. In 2010 only 3% of seedlots had severe mosaic. Oregon: Jeff McMorran, 2010 was an average year. Down 5,000 acres from high in 2007. Major problems in Klamath area. Seed not isolated as well as it should be. With irrigation issues, commercial acreage encroaching on seed fields resulting in contamination. Diversifying varieties away from traditional processing varieties. An example is Pike, which is a problem with virus. One puzzling problem with Alturas was observed in GH growout. Virus-like symptoms but have not been able to identify any virus. Increased sample size for lots less than 10 acres, require 400 tubers. RDO, who is a major grower in OR, is shifting some of production to NV for a 1 year increase. Research Extension Reports: Phil Nolte: Specialty Crops Research Initiative Grant; Led by Stuart Gray. Grant on developing strategies to manage PVY strains. Selected objectives: Continued surveillance and assessment of PVY strains. Produce training manuals that will assist certification inspectors and growers. Develop cost-based risk assessment analysis of in-season field inspection vs. post harvest testing methods. Minituber vs. conventional seed production in the field  impact of virus disease on both systems. The economics of planting PVY-infected seed. Effects of seed-borne levels (0-50%) on Yield: Yield reduced ~75cwt with 50% PVY in Russet Burbank. Much of yield loss in in US1 profile. 1% PVY; 1.5 cwt loss/acre. All PVY + strains coming into lab of Phil Nolte - Alex Karasev does typing, monoclonals and PCR (Lorenzen primers) Mark Pavek: Washington State University. The Washington Potato Seed Lot Trial has been conducted for 47 years. In 2010, Washington acreage dropped 20% compared to 2007. The largest number of samples in the trial come from Montana which is followed by Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Canada, Colorado, and other states. The main variety is still Russet Burbank, but other varieties are increasing. Ranger is decreasing and Umatilla is steady. The total number of varieties in seedlot trial almost doubled since 2002. Severe Mosaic peaked in 2008 and came down significantly in 2010. No leafroll was detected in 2009 seedlots. For the 2011 seedlot trial, planting will starton March 23. The first reading will be performed June 7 and includes inspector training, and the second reading will be on June 21. The trial field day will be the morning of June 23. Mark invited anyone who is interested to participate in the readings or field day. Jonathon Whitworth: PTNRD symptoms from PVYo in a controlled environment: Compare PVYo strains that cause tuber necrotic symptoms at different temperature regimes, 20 and 27C. Yukon Gold. Hand inoculation. Variable light according to plant growth stage. O Strains T1, ID154, CW. NTN Strains n4, NY29. CW, NY29 and N4; PTNRD symptoms in tubers. Screenhouse, Hermiston, Oregon, T1 produces PTNRD. Greenhouse, Aberdeen, T1 caused PTNRD in Chippewa. Steve Marquardt: How might lower nighttime temperatures affect symptom developments? Do temperature fluctuations or stress influence symptoms? Mathuresh Singh: Director, Agricultural Certification Services, New Brunswick, CA: Monitoring Current Season Spread of PVY in Seed Potato Fields of New Brunswick. Research Questions: Can we measure current season spread of PVY as crop is growing? Can we test aphids from traps for the presence of PVY? Can we develop a management tool to help growers in making decision on their crop to top kill/not to top kill? Can we develop a pre-harvest trest protocol coparable to post-harvest test protocol? Experimental Varieties: Cal White, Gold Rush, Innovator, Shepody, Russet Burbank. Aphid traps. Water with propylene glycol and soap and Bitrex; hard to maintain ratio due to precipitation and evaporation: Collect aphids in 2-3 days. Identified vectors. Pulled out stylet  12 stylets from same aphids pooled together. Raspberry aphids Amphorophora agathonica; 44% carrying PVY. Aphids that normally colonize potatoes are being killed, and those from other hosts are flying in from outside and spreading disease. Virus Transmission: Early in season (June 15) PVY positive aphids present, PVY detected in plants 2-3 weeks later. Grower that sprayed oil every 4-5 days significantly reduced aphids collected. Protection from Admire; protects against colonizing aphids, does not protect against transient aphids. Need to start using oil earlier. Oil should be sprayed on commercial fields also; reduce chance aphids will pick up PVY. Leaf test vs tuber test, ELISA vs. PCR: Similar results in leaves, PCR slightly more sensitive in tubers. September 15 tuber PCR detects more than August 4 PCR. Field location: Field next to tree rows (with wild raspberry plants) had more aphids and more PVY. Why so much current season spread? We are growing more susceptible and asymptomatic varieties. More inoculum than ever/new strains. Winters are milder resulting in more volunteers and early influx of non-potato aphids (frequent flyers). More emphasis on aphid control than inoculums. Change in management practices are not fast enough (oil vs. insecticide). Summary: Spread started to take place very early; protect crop early in season. Can we measure current season; yes. In most varieties tuber test detected higher amount of PVY than leaf test. Therefore tuber test would be more reliable as preharvest test. Sahar Eid: University of Idaho. Role of the 17-kDa protein (P4) in potato leafroll virus transmisioon by aphids Myzus persicae. Background on PLRV: Not transmitted mechanically, transmitted efficiently by Myzus persicae, upward roll of foliage,net necrosis, P4 required for movement of PLRV role in aphid transmission. Preliminary data: WT is up to 96% transmission efficiency, while P4 nul is 0% transmission efficiency. pBNUP110 (binary vector harboring PLRV complete genome). Point mutations using quickChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit. Determine sites of mutation - Multiple sequence alignment by clustal X 2.0: Mutagenic primers design using web based QuikChnge Primer Design Program. Agrobacterium infiltration of Ni. Benthaniana with LBA4404 strains carrying pBNUP110R mutated P4. Reveal possible role of P4 in aphid transmission: Distribution pattern of the virus in the plant. Physical association with virion. Jordon Eggers: Oregon State University, Hermiston; PVY screenhouse trial - third year. Objectives: Determine the foliar and tuber symptoms in eight different cultivars in seed infected with 3 strains of PVY, evaluate tuber and foliar symptoms, determine yield impact of tuber borne infection. In 2009, 8 cultivars and 6 strains, 2 NTN, 2O, and 2 N:O. In 2010, used seed infected seed from 2009 experiment. Planted healthy controls. ELISA testing on June 10, positive plants identified with yellow flags. Results: Emergence - Alturas, Yukon Gold infected with some strains didnt come up. Across all cultivars, N:O strains had the most significant impact on emergence; Alturas and Yukon gold more severely affected. Yukon Gem and Premier had less %PVY infection (have PVY resistance). T3V2(NTN) and CO35(O) plants had less infection; delayed transmission to tubers? NTN isolate T3V2 has less visual symptoms, AL1(N:O) also less severe symptoms; Foliar mosaic symptom severity, Premier, Norkota and Yukon Gem are least severe, Blazers can be infected, but dont show severe mosaic. Symptoms: foliar N strains have more of a blotchy mosaic. Symptoms for tubers: Distinct differences between cultivars and how they respond to different strains; range from no tuber symptoms through external rings to internal necrosis. Yukon Gem, Yukon Gold had higher tuber symptoms. Alturas also severe - no tubers from AL1(N:P) and OR2(N:O). Yield: Reduced especially in Yukon Gold and Russet Burbank. Conclusions: Not all strains produce the same foliage or tuber symptoms and have the same impact on yield. The same PVY strain may not produce the same foliage or tuber symptoms and have the same impact on yield. Potato cultivars resistant to PVYO apparently not resistant to N:O. Chet Setula: Wondering if there may be other viruses in strains caused atypical symptoms - recommended sending samples to Keith Perry to run solanaceous macroarray; 150 viruses. Alexander Karasev - New PVY Recombinant types: Found in Brazil, composed of NTN and NE-11 genomes, exhibit unusual serology, overcome all known PVY resistance genes, can be mistaken for ordinary NTN-strain, may enter the US so surveillance is needed, PVY-AST isolate is an (almost) ordinary PVY-NTN, two isolates, PVY-AGA and PVY-MON represent new type of PVY recombinants, never seen before. Reactions in potato indicators: AST; Local and systemic HR, system vein necrosis, mosaic, crinkling in upper leaves. Isolates MON and AGA; no local or systemic HR, no vein necrosis, mild symptoms. PTNRD in Yukon Gold -Typical symptoms in Yukon gold: Induce PTNRD in susceptible cultivars, overcome all known resistance genes, may induce only mosaic in tobacco, may be missed if diagnosed by certain monoclonal antibodies, need special attention from quarantine standpoint. Mathuresh Singh: Brazil has 2% tolerance for PVY: PVY-O5, name coined by Peter Ellis, a group of PVY-O strains reactive against 1F5 monoclonal antibody, initially described only 2 isolates, thought to be rare, misidentified as necrotic PVY-N. Typical O by tobacco veinal necrosis (-), multiplex PCR. Looks like PVY-O with a single substitution in coat protein. All but 1 of PVY-O5 isolates cluster in a single phyllogenetic lineage. Not all PVY-O strains equal PVY-05 different in other ways, not just serology. More severe on cv. Desiree. Where did the recombinants come from? Possibilities: PVY recombines all the time due to the different strains present Recombination rare? Origin is polyphyletic. N:O and N-Wi originated independently. N:O is a pre-cursor of NTN. Recombination of PVY is rare? Tomato Spotted wilt: Jonathan, in 1st generation in GH breeding program then self eliminating. Jim Crosslin, has not had a sample with necrotic rings positive for TSWV in quite a while. Mop Top: Jim Crosslin: published paper on ND Mop Top; in 5 states. Phil Nolte: 12% mop top on one field of RB at RDO. Emerging disease. Joe Munyaneza: Zebra chip disease, Liberibacter, and potato psyllid. Documented in SW US, Mexico and Central America. First Identified in Mexico in 1994, and US in 2000. Recently documented in New Zealand. Causing millions of dollars in losses to potato industry. Symptoms: Looks like leaf roll or purple top. Chlorosis develops over time. Internodes shorten. Purple or yellow pigmentation. Leaf scorching. Wilts and dies. Causes pink eyes, (collapsed) stolons. Striping discoloration internal in tuber. Vector for Potato Psyllid (2006): 2008: Scientists in NZ and UC-Riverside established association of ZC with Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum or psyllaurous. The new bacterium is related to, but different from Liberibacter which causes citrus greening disease. Affects other solanaceous plants. Resistant varieties to ZC? Variety screening under controlled field cage conditions: 10 varieties screened - no varieties in initial trial are resistant to ZC. 2010 - 105 varieties advanced breeding lines: 20 lib-infective psyllids/plant@bloom stage; insects eliminated with insecticides after 2 weeks. Plants observed for ZC symptoms. Atlantic is very susceptible; 1 plant placed in cage with each variety. 23 lines with light ZC symptoms in raw tubers; had severe symptoms when fried, no symptoms when baked 6 lines with almost no visible ZC symptoms in tubers. 73 lines very susceptible to ZC. Some varieties (4) had no symptoms when compared to Atlantic control; No symptoms in fried trips. Impact of Psyllid on seed quality (Liberibacter vs. Psyllid yellows): Plants produced by ZC affected tubers do no significantly contribute to ZC incidence. Observational data in Mexico and NZ that ZC affected tubers constitute a major factor for ZC spread, but no scientific data is available to back up this claim. We designed a field cage experiment to gain more information on this issue. Most tubers never sprout. Experiment: Liberibacter + Psyllids, Liberibacter alone, Psyllids alone, healthy control. Two Varieties, Ranger and Atlantic. Planted in cages: ZC infected tubers never came up. Tubers from Psyllid yellows gave rise to healthy plants, similar to healthy controls. Liberibacter-affected seed, no emergence or extremely stunted, eventually produced healthy. Plants, very poor emergence - ~10%, 30 days delayed emergence, no Rangers came up. Conclusions: ZC seriously affects seed quality, no sprouting, hair sprouts and weak plants. Psyllid yellows does not appear to affect seed germination or normal plant growth. Production of ZC plants appears non-significant in spread of disease. Results in disagreement with observations/reports from Mexico and New Zealand. Late ZC infections may carry infection to next year, going to do experiments this year in WA. Data could be important in terms of international trade. L. solanacearum and non-solanaceous crops Scandinavia : Carrot Psyllid, thought it may have toxin which causes red pigmentation. Did not detect phytoplasmas. Carrots infected with same liberibacter causing ZC in potato. First report of Liberibacter in Europe. First report in non solanaceous species. Recently detected in carrots in Spain and Canary Islands. Potato Psyllid on carrot? Does not reproduce on carrots, but will live for 3-4 weeks. Infected a few plants. Using electrical waveform analysis, does not feed on phloem. Psyllids are host specific. Liberibacter in Pear: Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus - transmitted by the pear psyllid in Italy. Behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen? Only maintained for 6 months, may develop disease symptoms after more time. March 11, 2011 Jeff announced we may be eligible for a rebate from the hotel. He will e-mail us with the details if it is worth distributing to the attendees. Psyllids: Rob Davison: Psyllid populations may be showing resistance to insecticides in CO. They had damaging problems late in the season, even in the San Luis valley. They were also found in Nebraska and North Dakota. Joe says the insects tend to move when it gets very hot; above 35C, symptoms also never develop at this temperature. Jim Crosslin will be testing Psyllids from multiple states. In 2010, tested 8000 psyllids, ~1% were liberibacter positive. Joe, Psyllids are being trapped in the Rio Grande Valley and are present there now. Will be moving North. Goolsbie in Texas does the trapping. You can get on a list to be notified of where the Psyllid is being found. For name of website need to ask Joe. Two sources of Psyllids, Texas or California, currently biotyping. Identifying haplotypes. California similar to New Zealand. Washington is similar to Texas haplotype. Nebraska seems to be a mixed population. In Texas, farmers never had to spray for Psyllids; now they have to spray weekly. Joe thinks Psyllids were there before, but that the Liberibacter was not present, so ZC wasnt ever established. Joe says you need early detection of Psyllids to get control. If you wait to see symptoms of Psyllid yellows, it is too late to apply insecticides. This may explain why people have said that they are getting poor control with insecticides. As Psyllids move North, they seem to lose Liberobacter. Jim Crosslin, there are spray records for Frito Lay sites where Psyllids were trapped. Pyrethrin insecticides result in increase of Psyllid populations. Jim reported that Weslaco station will be closed in 2012 so they will lose those research sites. Joe thinks NW is not currently threatened by ZC because Psyllid population does not have liberobacter. Discussion commenced on how this might be influenced by changes in the climate. Jeff Bradshaw in Nebraska is putting tall towers (25m) for trapping insects. Tobacco Rattle Virus: Jim Crosslin: a few positive samples from CO. Mop Top: Phil Hamm: Discussed bait testing technique; grow tobacco in suspect soil, get powdery scab, then isolate virus. Rarely or never see foliar symptoms. Sample from WI  wetter and cooler, substantial damage from powdery scab. Also, problematic in ND this year. Jim Crosslin, NA and European isolates of Mop Top genetically very similar; points to a recent introduction from Europe. Emerging Disease Issues: Phil Hamm: Virus-like symptoms in Alturas from OR seed grower. Distortion, necrosis, vein burning. Tested positive for PVS. Samples of seedlot growing in GH, negative Y,A,X,M. Transplanted from PHT to another GH, still showing symptoms. Steve suggested using broad Poty test. Jim Crosslin: 4-5th year, classic purple top symptomatic plants came into lab, negative for BLTVA, no graph transmission. Phil asked if there was Rhizoctonia associated. Shortened internodes, intense purpling, rolling of leaves, no aerial tubers. Jonathon suggested it may be a number of things that disrupt vascular transport. Phil said they looked like true purple top. Pablo: Cal white coming Alberta positive for BLTVA; present on early inspection Toxic seed piece syndrome: Seed piece gets glassy, translucent appearance. Wilted, drooping plant Phil Hamm: Tri-state funded project to start tracking PVY strains in seedlots Business Meeting: PVY pictures on website potatovirus.com, Jonathon Whitworth, pictures still being posted. If you have pictures, send them to Phil Nolte or Jonathon. Send samples (Plant Saver Cards) with pictures and send to Jonathon Renewal of WERA project completed. Compiled all of info and put it on NIMSS page. Discussed eligibility for WERA award. Phil Nolte will pursue getting an application for our group. Hamm, this would be recognition that the group is doing something important. Get forms off of NIMSS site. Contact Donn Thill or Holly Waters to get info on how to file application. Video: Grow profits, not problems: (look at last years minutes), Stewart Grays presentation satisfies this, look for video on potatovirus.com. PVY Management Plan: Nothing more needed. From PAA meeting - Management plan needs to be decoupled from MOU. Rob: John Keeling indicated that it was a federal plan and we had to follow it. Impact Statements for 2010: What was done last year? Jeff read statements from last year. Joe will collect statements for this year. Rob Davidson, characterization of new strains of PVY. Karasev, impact of tuber-borne infection different strains of PVY on different cultivars. Hamm, preliminary data from Munyaneza Seed-borne transmission is not important for Zebra Chip Information on PVY antisera for NAPPO: Export standards. Stewart supposed to develop a bullet point paper with technical details for NAPPO panel to make decisions on testing requirements for export. Elections for Secretary: Joe Munyaneza nominated Alex Karasev; unanimously elected and will serve as Secretary in 2012 Meeting for next year: San Antonio suggested. If we did it in April, we could visit Joe Munyanezas plots for ZC 2nd week of March preferred, could still do potato field trip. Narceo: showed materials from BioReba. Adjourned at 10:45 AM

The Outstanding Paper of the year Award (OPA) was granted by the Potato Association of America to: Serological Properties of Ordinary and Necrotic Isolates of Potato virus Y: A Case Study of PVYN Misidentification Alexander V. Karasev, Olga V. Nikolaeva, Xiaojun Hu, Zachary Sielaff, Jonathan Whitworth, James H. Lorenzen and Stewart M. Gray This paper is available via Springer at the following link: http://www.springerlink.de/content/04u8141225868w72/fulltext.pdf

Brown, C.R., K.G. Haynes, M. Moore, M.J. Pavek, D.C. Hane, S.L. Love, R.G. Novy, and J.C. Miller Jr. 2010. Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Iron. Am. J. Potato Res 87:390-396. Buchman, J.L., T.W. Fisher, and J.E. Munyaneza. 2011. Zebra chip disease development over time. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Zebra Chip Meeting, Dallas, TX (November 2010) (in press). Buchman, J.L., V.G. Sengoda, and J.E. Munyaneza. 2011. Potato psyllid density and feeding duration required to cause zebra chip. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Zebra Chip Meeting, Dallas, TX (November 2010) (in press). Crosslin, J.M., J.A. Goolsby, and J.E. Munyaneza. 2011. Incidence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in potato psyllids collected in the south-central United States in 2010. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Zebra Chip Meeting, Dallas, TX (November 2010) (in press). Crosslin, J.M. and L.L. Hamlin. 2010. First report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus infecting greenhouse-grown potatoes in Washington State. Plant Dis. 94:1507. Crosslin, J.M., and L.L. Hamlin. 2011. Standardized RT-PCR conditions for detection and identification of eleven viruses of potato and potato spindle tuber viroid. Am. J. Pot. Res. (in press). David, N., I. Mallik, J.M. Crosslin, and N.C. Gudmestad. 2010. First report of Potato mop-top virus on potatoes in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 94:1506. Ember, I, Z. Acs, J.E. Munyaneza, J.M. Crosslin, and M. Kolber. 2011. Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia. European Journal of Plant Pathology (in press). Goolsby, JA., J. Adamczyk, JM. Crosslin, JE. Munyaneza, N. Troxclair, J. Anciso, R. Villaneuva, P. Porter, E. Bynum, C. Rush, F. Workneh, D. Henne, C. Nansen, P. Sloderbeck, A. Joshi, L. Buschmann, J. Bradshaw, B. Lee, B. Zechmann, and G. Bester. 2011. 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Association of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" with the psyllid Trioza apicalis (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Europe. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1060-1070. Munyaneza, J.E., Buchman, J.L., Sengoda, V.G., Fisher, T.W., Bester, G., Hoopes, R., Miller, C., Novy, R., Van Hest, P., and J. Nordgaard. 2011. Potato variety screening trial for zebra chip resistance under controlled field cage conditions. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Zebra Chip Meeting, Dallas, TX (November 2010) (in press). Munyaneza, J.E., Buchman, J.L., Goolsby, J.A., Ochoa A.P., and G. Schuster. 2011. Impact of potato planting timing on zebra chip incidence in Texas. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Zebra Chip Meeting, Dallas, TX (November 2010) (in press). Munyaneza, J.E., A. Lemmetty, A.I. Nissinen, V.G. Sengoda, and T.W. Fisher. 2011. Molecular detection of both aster yellows phytoplasma and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in carrots affected by the psyllid Trioza apicalis (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Finland. Journal of Plant Pathology (in press). Nelson, WR, TW Fisher, and JE Munyaneza. 2011. Haplotypes of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum suggest long-standing separation. European Journal of Plant Pathology 130: 5-12. Nolte, P. Seasons Briefings: What's new with PVY? Proceedings of the University of Idaho Winter Commodity Schools 2010. Novy R.G., J.L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek*, T.L. Brandt, S. Gupta, N. Olsen. 2010. Clearwater Russet: A Dual-Purpose Potato Cultivar with Cold Sweetening Resistance, High Protein Content and Low Incidence of External Defects and Sugar Ends. Am J Potato Res 87:458-471. 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Robles-Hernández, L., González-Franco A.C., Hernández-Huerta, J., Meacham, T.M., Nikolaeva, O.V., and Karasev, A.V. 2010. First identification of an unusual recombinant Potato virus Y strain in potato in Mexico. Plant Disease 94: 1262. Stark, J.C., R.G. Novy, J. L.Whitworth, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek*, S.L. Love ,M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.R. Brown, B.A. Charlton, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, N. Olsen and T. Brandt. 2010. Classic Russet: A Potato Cultivar with Excellent Fresh Market Characteristics and High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Early Harvest or Full-Season Production. Am. J. Potato Res. 87:360-373. Whitworth, J.L., R.G Novy, J.C. Stark, J.J. Pavek, D.L. Corsini, S.L. Love, J.S. Miller, M.I. Vales, A.R. Mosley, S. Yilma, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, B.A. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, and M.J. Pavek. 2010. Yukon Gem: A Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivar Suitable for Fresh-Pack and Processing with Resistances to PVYO and Late Blight Am J Potato Res 87:327336. Whitworth, J., P. Hamm, and C. McIntosh. 2010. Effect of Potato Virus Y on Yield of a Clonal Selection of Russet Norkotah. American Journal of Potato Research 87: 310-314. Whitworth J., R.Novy, J.C.Stark, J.J.Pavek, D.L.Corsini, S.L.Love, N.Olsen, S.Gupta, T.L.Brandt, M.I.Vales, A.R.Mosley, S.Yilma, S.R.James, D.C.Hane, B.A.Charlton, C.C.Shock, N.R.Knowles, M.J.Pavek, J.S.Miller, C.R.Brown. 2011. Alpine Russet: A potato cultivar having long term tuber dormancy making it suitable for processing from long-term storage. Am J Potato Res (in-press). Yang, X.-B., Zhang, Y.-M., Hau, L., Peng, L.-N., J.E. Munyaneza and T.-X. Liu. 2010. Repellency of selected biorational insecticides to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Crop Protection 29: 1329-1324. Posters Nolte, P., JM Alvarez and J Whitworth. PVY Management for the Seed Potato Producer. Presented at the National Potato Council Potato Expo. Orlando, FL. January 4-6, 2010. Web Page Gray, S., A Karasev, J Lorenzen, J Whitworth, P Nolte, R Groves and Amy Charkowski. 2010. The changing face of Potato Virus Y: The science, politics and business of virus management in the US potato Crop. APS Plant Management Network, Focus on Potato Webcast. Web Address Listed Below. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/edcenter/seminars/Potato/PotatoVirusY/player.html