Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

-NC-213 Critical Mid-Term Review. Bill Ravlin gave an overview of the Midterm and the process. This year was different as he asked the Executive Committee to rank NC-213. Discussion included the different sections of the Midterm and how the AAs office ranked each section: 1) Progress Report Excellent, 2) Linkages Good, 3) Funding Good; and, 4) Information and Technology Transfer Excellent. Over all recommendation: Approve. Discussion also included the Andersons Grant Program and the possibility of having a theme for the grant program, a match requirement, offering one RFP every other year, and more work with the Industry Advisory Committee for input. Action: Add to Executive Committee quarterly teleconference to discuss further. -Annual Report Discussion with an emphasis on: Impact Statement review and Extramural Funding. Bill Ravlin/Leland McKinney. The AAs office will take the lead on the annual report (SAES 422). The meeting minutes must be submitted to the NCRA office 30 days after the meeting and the annual report (SAES 422) 60 days after the meeting. Much discussion was held regarding the impact statements and the need for correct statements. -NC-213 One Pager. Bill Ravlin. Send you thoughts and pictures showing NC-213 participants engaged in research activities to the AAs office. Action: Send hard copies to: C. Jones and J. Needham. -Possible Summer Conference/Meeting and NC-213 Annual Meeting  2012. Leland McKinney. Discussion was held on holding a summer conference/meeting and options for annual meeting 2012. After much discussion, it was decided to bring up these ideas during future conference calls. Ideas included: --IQGC 2012. --A Theme for a future meeting. -Andersons Grants Update. Bill Ravlin. Distributed latest survey of grants received for competitions and grants awarded. Discussion was held regarding the need for reviewers. Discussion was held about the possibility of having proposals reviewed by the Andersons Early-In-Career recipient and candidates. -Officer elections. Brian Adam/Leland McKinney. After discussion it was decided that Brian and Leland would approach Klein Ileleji, Purdue University, for the position of Secretary. As of February 2011, here is the slate of Officers and Executive Committee members. Brian Adam (Chair) Carol Jones (Vice Chair) Klein Ileleji (Secretary) Leland McKinney (Past Chair) Jim Stitzlein (Chair of I.A.C.) Objective co-chairs: 1: K.M. Lee and S. Simsek 2: L. McKinney and C. Wolf-Hall 3: B. Adam and C. Hurburgh

Objective 1: Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by many fungi under certain environmental conditions. The extent of corn contamination with mycotoxins varies with geographic location, normal annual climatic fluctuations, agronomic and storage practices, and plant vulnerabilities to fungal invasion during phases of growth, storage and processing. Dry grind ethanol production from corn is growing in the US; from 2002 to 2010, ethanol production increased from 2.1 to 10.6 billion gallons per year in 2009 (RFA, 2010). The dry grind ethanol industry consumes 25% of the total corn crop produced in the US. Mycotoxins in corn processed by dry grind plants present two problems. First, mycotoxins could end up in DDGS sold as animal foodstuffs. Second, it is believed that mycotoxins stress the yeast during fermentation, resulting in lower ethanol yields. Under controlled conditions, it was determined that aflatoxin B1 added at levels of 100, 200, 350 or 775 ppb did not affect fermentation rates nor final ethanol concentrations (Murthy et al 2005). In a previous study, corn with no detectable levels of known mycotoxins was inoculated with aflatoxin B1 prior to fermentation. In the current study, effects of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on fermentation are not known. The objectives are: 1) determine the effects of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin and other mycotoxins on the fermentation process and its distribution in wet grains and thin stillage using corn naturally contaminated with these mycotoxins and 2) determine the distribution of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin and other mycotoxins when using corn fractionation processes. A two year study of calibration and standardization methods for Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) based analyzers was completed. Fifty-seven techniques and combinations of techniques were evaluated, some creating substantial improvement in accuracy, using soybean protein and oil as the test factors. The operating systems of NIRS units can use less than 50% of these methods; computational upgrades would be needed. The modified approach was to identify soft wheat cultivars with enhanced quality for traditional and non-traditional processing into soft wheat products, and for processing into value-added products with increased levels of constituents with health benefits. Constituents, such as bran and starch, are being examined. The amount of soluble fiber in wheat bran is very small compared to insoluble fiber. Extrusion cooking technology has been used to increase the proportion of soluble fiber in wheat bran. Wheat bran obtained after milling contains residual starchy endosperm, as it is practically impossible to obtain pure bran during the milling process. During extrusion cooking, this starchy endosperm can be converted to other components that interfere with dietary fiber analysis. Thus, processes were developed to remove starchy endosperm materials adherent to the bran, prior to extrusion. Once this was done, it was found that extrusion did not affect the quantity of insoluble dietary fiber; however, soluble dietary fiber increased significantly after extrusion cooking. Water binding capacity was significantly higher for the de-starched bran than non-de-starched bran. On the other hand, extrusion cooking significantly reduced the water binding capacity of de-starched bran compared with that of non-extruded de-starched bran. During the reporting period the following outputs were achieved: 1. Mentored 2 M.S. students in area of role of carbohydrate functionality in wheat quality and effect of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Quality. 2. Consulted with many companies on role of enzymes in baking systems and role of carbohydrates in cereals 3. Four oral and eight poster presentations were given at professional meetings of the, AACC International, Annual NC-213 Grain quality Meeting, and Annual EPSCOR Meeting 4. Seven peer reviewed journal articles were published/accepted. A simple model that can discriminate samples that meet minimum tortilla quality (diameter and flexibility) requirements was developed. This model includes insoluble polymeric proteins, mixograph mixing time, dough extensibility and dough relaxation time. The prediction accuracy was 81.4%. This finding, once validated, will lead to significant reduction in amount of sample, processing time and cost to determine suitability of wheat lines for tortillas. Allelic composition in specialty wheat that consistently produced good quality tortillas across environments was identified. Presence of 2+12 on Glu D1, regardless of composition of Glu A1 or Glu B1 produces tortillas that have large diameter and retains their flexibility during storage. This information will lead to potential development of IP wheat lines for tortillas. Sucrose, starch and cellulose-based tracers had desirable durability suitable for handling and storing with grains. Different colored tracers were used to validate tracer sampling processes. Tracers dispensed in bulk grains were not highly concentrated or significantly segregated in bin and truck operations. The number of tracers required for identification of grain sources fell within the confidence intervals and sample sizes estimated by statistical probability methods. Truck sampling was more efficient and feasible in collecting tracers over bin sampling. The suggested statistical sampling strategies and principles appear practical in a typical grain supply chain. Four hulless barley genotypes of various seed color contained total anthocyanins of 35.1, 80.9, 764.6 and 6785.3 microgram/g in yellow, black, blue and purple barley grains, respectively. Bran fractions contained more than twice as much anthocyanins as whole grains in black, blue and purple barleys. The purple barley contained 11 anthocyanins, whereas only one type of anthocyanin, peonidin derivative, was detected in blue, black and yellow barley grains. Cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-(6-succinyl) glucoside and two unknown peonidin derivatives were the major anthocyanins detected in purple barley. DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities and total antioxidant activity of acetone extracts were highest in purple barley, which also showed the highest total anthocyanin content, followed by black and blue barleys. Yellow barley was lowest in total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activities of acetone extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activities of water extracts were much lower than those of acetone extracts, but differences in total antioxidant activities between acetone and water extracts were small and inconsistent. In conjunction with various collaborators, we investigated the impact of flour extraction rate and particle size on the properties of sorghum flour and how this impacted the quality of bread made from sorghum Research comparing the effect of different milling procedures on flour quality was also done and it was found that procedures that produce the less mechanically damaged flour produce the best bread. We also investigated how properties of sorghum flour made from different sorghum hybrids impacted the quality of noodles made from sorghum. The properties of the different flours had a direct impact on the quality of the sorghum noodles and one flour was identified which produced much higher quality noodles than the others. These experiments showed that flour quality has an important impact on foods made from sorghum and that milling procedures need to be optimized for different types of foods made from sorghum. Optimizing the quality of sorghum flour could have a large impact on the growing gluten-free food market (estimated to be near $2B in 2012) by providing a new source of high quality flour and foods. We also made progress in improving the functionality of sorghum proteins in foods. To date, isolated sorghum proteins have not shown any functionality similar to that of wheat proteins, that is, they cannot form dough, which is critical to the ability to make bread for example. However, previous research has shown that closely related proteins of corn are capable of this. We have determined that cross-linking and the hydrophobicity of sorghum proteins appear to be a key difference why sorghum proteins do not form dough. We have also found that how the proteins are isolated has a large impact on their functionality. A key factor that determines the biochemical composition of all cereal grains is the environment. Thus we investigated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer levels as well as the effect of cover crops on the physical properties of sorghum grain as well as protein and starch levels and protein digestibility. Fertilizer levels and cover crop both impacted protein levels and grain hardness, both of which in turn impact end-use quality of sorghum. These treatments could thus be used to modulate the quality of sorghum grain for different types of end-use. Finally, we investigated the impact of sorting sorghum grain by color on the phenolic content and composition of sorghum. Slight differences in total phenolic content were found among sorting treatments. Thus, sorting grain by color could lead to methods for increasing the anti-oxidant levels of different sorghum grain lots. Stored-grain packing is defined as the increase in grain bulk density due to the compressibility of grain when subjected to the cumulative weight of overlying material in a storage unit. The major variables affecting stored-grain packing are grain type, moisture content, test weight, and bin geometry and dimensions. Science-based modeling is being used to reduce the total amount of data required to achieve results that are sufficiently accurate and applicable over the range of conditions encountered in the grain industry. Physical properties are being measured in the laboratory to use as model inputs. A preliminary model for determining packing factors for a wide range of grains and bins has been developed and the preliminary calibration has worked well. This model employs the differential form of Janssens equation to estimate the pressure and in-bin bulk density for a given depth of grain in a bin. The primary project objectives are to calibrate and validate this model by measuring packing for the selected grains  wheat, corn, sorghum, soybean, oats, and barley  using data collected from all of the major grain-producing locations within the U.S. and to make the new packing factor data readily available to government agencies and other users in the grain industry. Objective 2: A four-year study of the capability and benefits of traceability in US bulk product markets was completed. Traceability is an operational part of an organized quality or food safety/quality (QMS or FS/QMS) management system. FS/QMS will also support occupational safety, bioterror, biosecurity, environmental, and risk management compliances. Systems were developed for process mapping, geolocation of traceable units, bulk grain tracking, and cost-benefit analysis. Collaborating grain firms continue to develop their FS/QMS systems, and continue to report significant economic benefits for operational improvements/efficiencies. Compliance with new food safety legislation will be greatly simplified by the FS/QMS. Mock recall data continued to show the potential for steady improvement in tracking accuracy of bulk undifferentiated materials. A log book was maintained to document all the activities associated with the CO2 sensor such as battery change, data copied, and any software updates. Furthermore, we collected the details of each bin including size, number of fans, grain type, date of bin filling, and moisture content of the grain, use of pesticides, sample collection, and contact information of the collaborators. Our research partner, BinTech Company, connected all CO2 sensors installed in these bins to the main server located at the BinTech headquarters (Boulder, Colorado) using wireless cell phone (Verizon®) network. With this technology we can monitor the condition of the corn storage bins online (Real-time monitoring). Two sets of grain samples were collected from each bin by probing a grain trier at 10 locations. One set of grain samples are being used for enumerating insects, molds, and analysis of mycotoxins at Kansas State Universitys Grain and Feed Microbiology and Toxicology Laboratory at the Department of Grain Science and Industry. The other set of grain samples are sent to the Kansas Grain Inspection Service, Topeka, KS to determine the corn kernel quality parameters such as moisture content, test weight, moldy kernels, heat damaged kernels, percentage of broken kernels, foreign material, and total damaged kernels. The levels of aflatoxin, fumonisin, and DON/vomitoxin in corn samples are being analyzed using AOAC (Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg, MD) approved method based on an Enzyme Linked Immmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (AgraQuant® mycotoxin ELISA test kits, Romer Labs Inc., Union, MO). We expect to complete these analyses in early 2011. This project was continued at Kansas State University with nitrogen treatment in larger capacity tote bags. Three tote bags were filled with wheat and covered with oxygen barrier film. Different life stages bioassays of Sitophilus oryzae, (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were used in this study. The bags were then sealed and purged with nitrogen gas for duration of 1, 3 and 7 days. Temperature was monitored continuously in each bag using a temperature sensor and data were logged every two minutes. Oxygen sensors were placed inside the bags and connected to the computer through Labview hardware and software to measure and log oxygen concentration. These sets of experiments were done in early spring through mid-summer 2010. Temperature fluctuations were observed in the tote bags which ranged from 18.2oC in April to 30.7oC in July. It took 72 hours of nitrogen purging to achieve 1% oxygen concentration whereas it took 166 hours (7 days) to achieve 0.02% oxygen concentration. There was 100% mortality for all species exposed for a week. For three days of nitrogen exposure, mortality of 20.4 %, 96.2% and 94.7 % were noticed for adults red rice weevil, lesser grain borer and red flour beetle respectively. For one day nitrogen exposure, mortality varied from 8.0 to 51%, 0.0 to 85.8% and 68.0 to 100% for rice weevil, lesser grain borer and red flour beetle, respectively. Adults of rice weevil adults and lesser grain borer were the least susceptible among all life stages when exposed for 1 day. However, their mortality increased to 100% when exposed for 3 days. For one day exposure, the mortality rate was less because oxygen concentration remained above 5%. However, higher mortality rate was observed for red flour beetle at this oxygen concentration. Exposure for three days resulted in fairly high mortality for the three species and all life stages except for 2 and 3-week old larvae of rice weevil. The influence of relative humidity was not studied assuming that not much change occurred in the interstitial air due to the sealed environment and low wheat moisture content. A silo bag grain storage demonstration was held at the Farmers Co-op, Manhattan on Friday 23rd July, 2010. The loading and unloading of silo bags was demonstrated, including all of the grain handling equipment needed. This demonstration was conducted in cooperation with Kansas Wheat Commission and INTA, Argentina (National Institute of Agricultural Technology) and AKRON, Argentina. The demonstration was attended by scientists from USDAs Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, Kansas Wheat Commission staff, wheat produces and elevator managers from Manhattan and neighboring areas. A scientist from Australia was also in attendance at the demonstration. Videos and pictures were taken of the demonstration for use in presentations. During this event, we distributed an information brochure on silo bag grain storage to all participants. During the demonstration we organized live interactions with scientists, producers, and grain managers. Part of this study is to evaluate silo bags for its effectiveness in controlling an important stored- wheat insect during storage. A foot long PVC pipe with 3.5 diameter was fabricated and sealed on both ends with 200 µm opening heavy duty mesh. These PVC pipes were filled with hard red winter wheat (80% volume of the PVC pipe, 980 g/pipe) and 30 unsexed adults of mixed ages. These stored-product insect bioassay kits were inserted in two silo bags at three locations in a silo bag, one at top and the other at three feet deep. One HOBO® data logger was installed in each insect bioassay kit to record the temperature and relative humidity for five months at an interval of two hours. Six stored-product insect bioassay kits were incubated at 28°C with 60% RH in the laboratory will serve as control Grain samples (70) representing seven varieties were obtained from the 2009 Regional Durum Wheat Quality Survey. Varieties evaluated included Alzada, Ben, Divide, Grenora, Lebsock, Mountrail, and Pierce. These samples were graded by North Dakota Grain Inspection Service. Kernel moisture content, 1000-kernel weight, falling number, and protein content were determined on the grain. Semolina was hydrated to 32% moisture, mixed using a pin mixer and dried using a high temperature drying profile commonly used for pasta drying. The semolina and hydrated/dried semolina were ground using a Udy mill and total yellow pigments were determined using water saturated n-butanol method (Method 14-50, AACC 2000). Events: Acheampong, Kwame, Michael Dicks, and Brian D. Adam. The Impact of Biofuel Mandates and Switchgrass Production on Hay Markets. Presented at 2010 NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management, St. Louis, Missouri, April 19-20, 2010. Published in Proceedings. Available at http://www.farmdoc.illinois.edu/nccc134/conf_2010/pdf/confp05-10.pdf. Practical results of work evaluating economics of closed loop fumigation and economics of insect management in stored grain were presented at several elevator manager training and certification workshops. Adam, Brian D. Economics of Closed Loop Fumigation, and Grain Blending and Traceability. Presentations at the 2010 Grain Elevator Manager Workshops, Weatherford, Enid, and Shawnee, Oklahoma, March 23 and April 6, 2010. Jones, Carol L. Closed Loop Fumigation Methods and Grain Quality Preservation, Presentations at the 2010 Grain Elevator Manager Workshops, Weatherford, Enid, and Shawnee, Oklahoma, March 23 and April 6, 2010. Adam, Brian D. Economics of Insect Management in Stored Grain, Economics of Closed Loop Fumigation, and Grain Blending and Traceability. Presentations as part of OSU Training Workshop for MidKan Cooperative Association in Moundridge, Kansas, March 2-3, 2010. Jones, Carol L. Closed Loop Fumigation Methods and Grain Quality Preservation, Presentations as part of OSU Training Workshop for MidKan Cooperative Association in Moundridge, Kansas, March 2-3, 2010. Jones, Carol L. Preserving Grain Quality through Management and Aeration Practices. Presentations as part of the High Plains Grain Workshop in Amarillo, Texas, Feb. 1, 2010. Jones, Carol L. Closed Loop Fumigation Methods and Grain Quality Preservation, Presentations as part of OSU Training Workshop for Missouri Fumigation Certification Training, Columbia, Missouri, January 9  10, 2010. Presentations to elevator managers and employees in Kansas and Oklahoma at Elevator Training Workshops (see above in Events), using results of previous research and research identified above in Activities. Presented results of work on effects of biofuel mandates on Oklahoma hay markets at professional/industry conference as part of regional research project (NCCC-134). Presented results of work on buffer zones for GMO crops at Southern Ag Econ Assoc. meeting. Insect pest commingling in residual grain of an elevator leg boot is likely an important source of pest carry-over from one year to the next. The elevator boot and pit area likely contribute to insect pest contamination of facility equipment and stored grain products in commercial grain elevator facilities. This research, initiated in early 2009, was continued in 2010 to quantify insect pest population densities and movement of insect pests commonly found in the elevator boot and pit area of commercial elevator storage facilities to other parts of the facilities. Monthly residual grain samples were collected for a second year from the elevator boot, pit, and load-out areas of six commercial facilities in Kansas, three grain elevators and three feed mills, and four facilities in Kentucky, three grain elevators and one flour mill. All samples were inspected for adult insect activity and the observations were recorded. In pilot-scale elevator leg tests, infested samples (zero, 50, 100, or 200 adult insects per kg and one insecticide treatment) were initially transferred through the leg to fill the boot with infested residual grain. The boots with infested residual grain were stored at optimal temperatures for insect development for undisturbed rest-periods of zero, 8, 16, or 24 weeks. After the rest period a 15 kg lot of insect-free grain was transferred through the elevator leg boot containing the infested residual grain and discharge material was collected and the density of adult insects and infested kernels was measured. These samples were sieved to remove external insects and were then allowed to incubate (grow-out) for 8 weeks to allow internal insects to emerge, at which time external insects were again counted. Objective 3: Kansas State University has continued to develop and support the GEAPS-K-State Grain and Biorefinery Operations Distance Education Program. Over the course of 2010, several changes were made to the program to enhance delivery and meet the needs of the grain industry. The CD lecture-delivery component was phased out, changing the program to an online-only delivery format. The development of a credentialing program stems from a widely expressed industry need for qualified, motivated employees, especially as the current generation of professionals nears retirement. The credentialing programs are therefore designed to meet needs for: Grain companies seeking better-qualified new employees, Grain companies seeking ways to train existing employees Young people interested in obtaining jobs in the grain industry, University students interested in grain-industry employment opportunities and careers, Industry professionals interested in improving job skills, and Industry professionals interested in career advancement The credentialing program is expected to be especially useful in terms of creating new career-path options for young people entering the workforce. Currently, no formal credentialing programs exist for grain-operations training and career options. It is envisioned to establish an International Grain Industry Center as the structure to support and facilitate the development, delivery and administration of the proposed credentialing and continuing education program for the global grain operations and processing industry.

Objective 1 Publications Paulsen, M.R., S.S. Rathore, R.W. Steffen, Y. Zhang, B. Wrenn, M.A. Schlicher and A.L. Kennay. 2010. Spectroscopic determination of chemical properties of DDGS. ASABE Paper No. 1009113. Presented at Annual ASABE International Meeting in Pittsburgh, PA Jun 2010. Lan, T. and Ileleji, K.E. 2010. Opportunities for process improvements in drying of distillers grains with solubles. Paper presented at AIM of ASABE. ASABE Paper No. 1008756. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. A.R.P. Kingsly, K.E. Ileleji, C.L. Clementson, A.A. Garcia, D.E. Maier, R.L. Stroshine and S. Radcliff. 2010. The effect of process variables on the physical and chemical properties of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)  plant scale experiments. Bioresource Technology 101(1): 193-199. Igne, B. and C.R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2010. Local chemometrics for samples and variables: Optimizing the calibration and standardization processes. Journal of Chemometrics. 24:75-86. Igne, B. and C.R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2010. Using the frequency components of near infrared spectra: Optimizing calibration and standardization processes. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 18(1):39-47. Igne B., Reeves J.B., McCarty G., Hively, W.D., Lund E., Hurburgh, C.R., 2010. Evaluation of PLS, LS-SVM, and LWR for quantitative spectroscopic analysis of soils, Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 18(3):167-176. Fleur, A-F, Charles R. Hurburgh, Lidia Esteve Agelet, Glen Rippke, and Phillip Clancy. 2010. Calibration of a Diode Array NIR Transmission Spectrometer. International Diffuse Reflectance Conference, Chambersburg, PA. August 1-5, 2010. Poster. Esteve Agelet, L., Hurburgh, C. R., Gowen, A., ODonell, C., Duvick, S. and Gardner, C. 2010. Single Seed Discrimination by NIRS. Oral session presented at the biannual International Diffuse Reflectance Conference (IDRC), Chambersburg, PA. Esteve Agelet, L., Rippke, G. R., and Hurburgh, C. R. 2010. Effect of Fourier-Transform Instrument Resolution on Grain Calibration Performance. Poster session presented at the biannual International Diffuse Reflectance Conference (IDRC), Chambersburg, PA. Esteve Agelet, L., Rippke, G. R., and Hurburgh, C. R. 2010. Genetically-Modified and Conventional Single Seed Soybean Discrimination with Fourier-Transform Transmittance. Poster session presented at the biannual International Diffuse Reflectance Conference (IDRC), Chambersburg, PA. Esteve-Aglelet, L and C. R. Hurburgh. 2010. A Tutorial on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Calibration. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 40: 4, 246  260. Lewis, J. M., Siler, L., Souza, E.J., Ng, P.K.W., Dong, Y., Jiang, G.-L., and Ward, R.W. 2010. Registration of Ambassador Wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 4:195-204. Lewis, J.M., Siler, L., Souza, E., Ng, P.K.W., Yanhong Dong, Y., Jiang, G.-L., and Ward, R.W. 2010. Registration of Coral Wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 4:205-214. Lewis, J.M., Siler, L., Souza, E., Ng, P.K.W., Dong, Y., Brown-Guedira, G., Jiang, G.-L. and Ward, R.W. 2010. Registration of Red Amber Wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 4:215-223. Yu, N., Laurenz, R., Siler, L., Ng, P.K.W., and Lewis, J. 2010. Evaluation of alpha-amylase accumulation and falling numbers in soft red and soft white wheat adapted to Michigan. Cereal Foods World 55:A76 for AACCI Annual Meeting. Ng, P.K.W., Lewis, J., and Nyombaire, G. MSU Wheat Quality Testing of Advanced Lines: Report on Milling and Baking Test Results for Selected Michigan-Grown Soft Wheats Harvested in 2009. January 2010. 35 pp. Simsek, S., Zhang, Y., and Campanella, O. 2010. Physicochemical properties of arabinoxylans in refrigerated dough. Food Research International. 43:2119-2125. Simsek, S., Whitney, K.L., Ohm, J.B., Anderson, J., and Mergoum, M. Refrigerated Dough Quality: Effect of Environment and Genotypes of Hard Red Spring Wheat. Journal of Food Science. Article in press. Simsek S. 2010. Non-Starch Polysaccharides of Wheat as Dietary Fiber. VII. International Nutrition and Dietetics Congress, Istanbul, Turkey. Alviola, J.N. and Awika, J.M. 2010. Relationship between objective and subjective wheat flour tortilla quality evaluation methods. Cereal Chem. 87(5):481-485 Alviola, J.N., Jondiko, T. and Awika, J.M. 2010. Effect of cross-linked resistant starch on wheat tortilla quality. Cereal Chem 87(3):221-225. Asif, M., Rooney, L.W., Acosta-Sanchez, D., Mack, C.A. and Riaz, M.N. 2010. Uses of sorghum grain in gluten-free products. Cereal Foods World 55(6):285-291. Asif, M., Rooney, L.W., Riaz, M.N. & Mack, C.A. 2010. Gluten free breakfast cereals & snacks. Inst. of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting, Jul 17-20, Chicago, IL. Asif, M., Rooney, L.W., Riaz, M.N. and Mack, C.A. 2010 Gluten free sorghum-based whole grain snacks. AACC International, Savannah, GA, October 24 - 27. Barros, F., Alviola, J.N. and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Comparison of quality of refined and whole wheat tortillas. Journal of Cereal Science 51:50-56. Blackburn, J. 2010. Living gluten-free. Sorghum Grower, Natl Sorghum Producers, Fall issue, pp 12-14. Boswell, S.E., McDonough, C.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Development of a gluten-free laboratory control using optimum mixing times in one pound loaves. IFT Annual Meeting, Jul 17-20, Chicago, IL. Boswell, S.E. 2010. Development of gluten-free bread baking methods utilizing sorghum flour. MS Thesis. Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 68 pp. Boswell, S., McDonough, C.M., Rooney, L.W. 2010. Gluten-free bread: How sorghum can improve this picture. Sorghum Checkoff, USDA/ARS Center for Grain & Animal Health, ADM, and American Institute of Baking (AIB), June 2-3, Manhattan, KS. Calderon, V.R., DuVille, K., Rooney, L.W., and Pinilla, E. 2010. Utilization of sorghum in Central American foods. AACC International, October 24-27, Savannah, GA. Chiremba, C. 2010. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of sorghum cookies. IFT Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Chicago, IL. Dykes, L. and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Special sorghums for health foods. In D.M. Martirrosyan & N. Abate, Functional Foods for Chronic Diseases, Volume5. Richardson, TX: Food Science Publisher, pp. 308-320. Johnson, W.B., Ratnayake, W.S., Jackson, D.S., Lee, K.M., Herrman, T.J., Bean, S.R., Mason, S.C. 2010. Factors affecting the alkaline cooking performance of selected corn and sorghum hybrids. Cereal Chem. 87:524-531. Jondiko, T., Barros, F., Alviola, J.N., Rooney, L.W., Tilley, M., Ibrahim, A., Hays, D. and Awika, J.M. 2010. Relationship of tortilla quality to flour and dough properties. AACC International, Savannah, GA, October 24 - 27. Jondiko, T.O, Alviola, J.N, Awika, J.M and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Improving shelf stability of fiber enriched wheat flour tortillas using high gluten bread flour. IFT Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Chicago, IL. Jondiko, T. 2010. Effects of variations in high molecular weight glutenin allele composition and resistant starch on wheat flour tortilla quality. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 87 pp. Lee, K.M., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., and Herrman, T.J. 2010. Application of binomial and multinomial probability statistics to the design of a global grain tracing and recall system. AACCi Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA, Oct 24-27. Cereal Foods World 55:A57. Lee, K.M., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., and Herrman, T.J. 2010. Development and characterization of food-grade tracers for the global grain tracing and recall system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:10945-10957. Lee, K.M., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., and Herrman, T.J. 2010. Development and characterization of food-grade tracers for the global grain tracing and recall system. AACC Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA, Oct. 24-27. Cereal Foods World 55:A28. Lee, K.M., Armstrong, P.R., Thomasson, A., Sui, R., Casada, M., and Herrman, T.J. 2010. Application of binomial and multinomial probability statistics to the sampling design of a global grain tracing and recall system. Food Control. (In press) Ojwang, L. and Awika, J.M. 2010. Stability of apigeninidin and its methoxylated derivatives in the presence of sulfites J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 9077-9082. Pinilla, E. 2010. Training CENTA, El Salvador. Winrock. Feb 28 - March 20 and June 6 - 19, 2010. Pinilla, E. 2010. Utililization of sorghum in El Salvador: grain, flour and end-product quality. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 98 pp. Rooney, L. 2010. Vita Bread, formulation and health benefits. Sorghum: A Whole Grain and Gluten-Free Solution. Sorghum Checkoff, USDA/ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health, ADM, and AIB, June 2-3, Manhattan, KS. Rooney, L.W, Cassandra, C.M. and Boswell, S. 2010 December. The Science of gluten-free cookies. The Ultimate Gluten-Free Cookie Book. author Roben Ryberg, Da Capa Press of Perseus Books Group, 256 pages. Rooney, L.W. 2010. Presentations on special sorghums for health. Several international food companies. Rooney, L.W. 2010. Use of special sorghums with unique phytochemicals in healthy food products. AACC Intl Milling and Baking Spring Technical Conference, May 5-7, Ft. Worth, TX. Rooney, L.W., Awika, J.M., & Turner, N.D. 2010. Sorghum antioxidant and anti-cancer research. Sorghum: A Whole Grain and Gluten-Free Solution. Sorghum Checkoff, USDA/ARS Ctr for Grain & Animal Health, ADM & AIB. Jun 2-3, Manhattan, KS. Taleon, V.M. 2010. Effect of environment and genetics on flavonoid levels in sorghum grains. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 141 pp. Taleon, V.M., Rooney, W.L., and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Effect of environment on hardness of special sorghums. IFT Annual Meeting, July 17-20, Chicago, IL. Taylor, J.R.N.; Barrion, S.C., and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Pearl millet-new developments in ancient food grain. Cereal Foods World 55(1):16-19 Turner, N.D., Taddeo, S.S., McDonough, C.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2010. Polyphenol-rich sorghum brans promote fecal water retention and alter short chain fatty acids in Sprague Dawley rats. AACC Intl, Savannah, GA, Oct 24 - 27. Yang, L., Allred, K.F., and Awika, J.M. 2010. Phytoestrogenic potential of sorghum potential of sorghum phenolic extracts. AACC Intl, Savannah, GA, Oct 24 - 27. Park, C. S., and Baik, B.-K. 2010. Recovery and Purity of Isolated Barley Starch and Protein as Affected by Fractionation Water Temperature. Cereal Chem. 87:561-565. Nair, S., Ullrich, S. E., Blake, T. K., Cooper, B., Griffey, C. A., Hayes, P. M., Hole, D. J., Horsley, R. D., Obert, D. E., Smith, K. P., Muehlbauer, G. J., and B.-K. Baik. 2010. Variation in Kernel Hardness and Associated Traits in USA Barley Breeding Lines. Cereal Chem. 87:461466. Baik, B.-K., and Park, Eun-Young. 2010. Implication of phenolic compounds and polyphenol oxidase to barley food discoloration. Food Science and Industry 43 (3): 48-54. Lee, C.-H., Baek, N.-I., Kim, B.-M., and Baik, B.-K. 2010. Relationships between anthocyanin content and composition, and antioxidant activity of four hulless barley genotypes of different seed color. AACCI Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA September 2010. Abstract for poster presentation. Cereal Foods World 55:A57. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2010/abstracts/p10ma115.htm. Nair, S. G., Ullrich, S. E., and Baik, B.-K. 2010. Compositional and structural characterization of hulless barley lines of variable ²-glucan content. AACCI Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA September 2010. Abstract for poster presentation. Cereal Foods World 55:A62. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2010/abstracts/p10ma139.htm. Smith, B. M., Bean, S. R., Schober, T. J., Tilley, M., Herald, T. J. and Aramouni, F. 2010. Characterization of the composition and molecular weight distribution of carob germ protein fractions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:7794-7800 de Mesa-Stonestreet, N. J., Alavi, S., and Bean, S. R. 2010. Sorghum proteins: The concentration, isolation, modification, and food applications of kafirins. J. Food Sci. 75: R90-R104. Johnson, W. B., Ratnayake, S., Jackson, D. S., Lee, K.-M., Herrman, T. J., Bean, S. R., and Mason, S. C. 2010. Corn and sorghum characteristics influencing nixtamization performance. Cereal Chem. 87:524-531 Schober, T. J., Moreau, R. A., Bean, S. R. and Boyle, D. L. 2010. Partial removal of lipids improves the functionality of zein in viscoelastic zein-starch dough. J. Cereal Sci. In Press Pontieri, P., Di Mar, A., Tamburino, R., De Stefano, M., Tilley, M., Bean, S. R., Roemer, E., De Vita, P., Alifano, P., Del Giudice, L., and Massardo, D. R. 2010. Chemical composition of selected food-grade sorghum varieties grown under typical Mediterranean conditions. Maydica. In press. Bean, S. R., Ioerger, B. P., and Blackwell, D. L. 2010. Separation of kafirins on surface porous reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography columns. J. Agric. Food Chem. In press. Objective 2 Publications: Laux, Chad and C.R. Hurburgh. 2010. Using Quality Management Systems in Food Traceability. Journal of Industrial Technology. 26(3):1-6 (web) July 2010. Mosher, G and C.R. Hurburgh. 2010. Transgenic Plant Risk: Coexistence and Economy. Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food. 1: 1, 639  642. Online publication date: 21 July 2010 Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Food Safety Management Systems and Bulk Material Traceability. Iowa Food Industry Networking Day. Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. October 21, 2010. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr., Daniel Loy, and J. D. Lawrence. 2010. Maintaining Food Safety through Quality. PM-3005. Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011. Hurburgh, C. R. Jr., M. Thakur, C. Laux, G. Mosher, K. Donnelly. 2010. Theory and experience with traceability of bulk commodities in grain handling systems. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA. October 24-28, 2010. Invited Symposium Presentation, Abstract Mosher, G.A. and Hurburgh, C.R. Delivery of an online quality management course for adult learners. Presentation given at the Association of Technology Management and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) Annual Conference. Panama City, FL, October 2010. Mosher, G.A., Keren, N., and Hurburgh, C.R. The impact of employee trust on the perceptions of organizational safety and quality. Presentation given at the Association of Technology Management and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) Annual Conference. Panama City, FL, October 2010. Mosher, G. A. 2010. Do Perceptions of Organizational Trust, Safety, and Quality Predict the Decision-making Process of Employees? Poster and presentation given at the Association of Technology Management and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) Annual Conference. Panama City, FL, October 2010. 2010 Graduate Research Presentation Award. 2010 Graduate Research Poster Award. Maier, D.E. and D.J.P. Moog. 2008. Development of an organic stored product pest control treatment station in Indiana, U.S.A. utilizing nitrogen for shipment containers. Proceedings of the 2008 Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation International Conference. Chengdu, China. September 21-26, 2008. Moog, D.J.P. and Maier, D.E. 2007. Organic stored product pest treatment using nitrogen during shipment. 2007 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reduction, San Diego, California. October 29 to November 1, 2007. Adam, B.D., Edmond Bonjour, and Jim Criswell. "Cost Comparison of Methyl Bromide and Sulfuryl Fluoride (ProFume®) for Fumigating Food Processing Facilities, Warehouses, and Cocoa Beans." In: Carvalho, O.M, Fields, P.G., Adler, C.S., Arthur, F.H., Athanassiou, C.G., Campbell, J.F., Fleurat-Lessard, F., Flinn, P.W., Hodges, R.J., Isikber, A.A. Navarro, S., Noyes, R.T., Riudavets, J., Sinha, K.K., Thorpe, G.R., Timlick, B.H., Trematerra, P., White, N.D.G. (Eds), Proceedings of the Tenth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 27 June-2 July 2010, Estoril, Portugal, Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, Berlin, Germany, pp.314-321. Adam, B. D., M. Siaplay, P. W. Flinn, B. W. Brorsen, and T. W. Phillips. Factors Influencing Economic Profitability of Sampling-Based Integrated Pest Management in Stored Grain Journal of Stored Products Research 46 (2010) 186-196. Accessible at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2010.04.004 Tumusiime, Emmanuel, Hugo De Groote, Jeffrey Vitale and Brian Adam. 2010. The Cost of Coexistence between Bt Maize and Open-Pollinated Maize Varieties in Lowland Coastal Kenya. AgBioForum, 13(3): 208-221 Jones, C. L., J. Hardin, and E. Bonjour. 2010. Closed Loop Fumigation. Fact Sheet for Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service. Stillwater, OK. Ojbective 3 Publications: Hurburgh, C.R. 2010. Handling the 2009 Corn Crop. Agribusiness Showcase. Agribusiness Association of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. February 9, 2010. Hurburgh, C.R. 2010. Inventory Management and the 2009 Crop. In service training, AgPartners, LLC, Calumet, IA. February 16, 2010. Hurburgh, C. R. 2010. Current research in grain handling operations. Proc. Exchange 2010, Grain Elevator and Processing Society, Wichita, KS. February 20-23, 2010. Organizer of NC213 research session, GEAPS Exchange 2010. Hurburgh, C. R. Jr. 2010. The impact of the 2009 corn crop quality on ethanol production. Novozymes, Inc., Ames., Iowa. March 5, 2010. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. 2010. Grain storage and management now and in the future. AAI Feed Committee. Agribusiness Association of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. March 10, 2010. Robertson, A.E., Munkvold, G.P., Hurburgh, C.R. and Ensley, S. 2010. Impact of hail damage during early reproductive stages on ear rot and mycotoxin contamination of maize. 2010 American Phytopathology Society Annual Meeting, August 7-11, Nashville, TN. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Increased Corn Yields: Warehouse Challenges. USDA-FSA Warehouse Inspectors Conference. July 20, 2010. Omaha, NE Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Quantity and Quality: Warehouse Issues for 2010. Association of Grain Regulatory Officials Annual Conference, July 27, 2010. Des Moines, IA. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Lessons for the 2009 Crop and Forecast for 2010. Siouxland Chapter, Grain Elevator and Processing Society. Sioux City, IA. September 7, 2010. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Lessons for the 2009 Crop and Forecast for 2010. Four Corners Ag Supply. September 10, 2010. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2010. Lessons for the 2009 Crop and Forecast for 2010. Greater Iowa Chapter, Grain Elevator and Processing Society. Nevada, IA. September 14, 2010. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. 2010. Harvest training 2010. West Central Coop Company. Carroll IA. September 2, 2010. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. 2010. Harvest training 2010. Farmers Coop Company. Ames IA. September 8, 2010. Robertson, A.E., Munkvold, G.M., Hurburgh, C and Ensley, S. 2010. Effect of hail damage on maize grain quality. Agronomy Journal (in press) Robertson, A.E., Munkvold, G.P., Hurburgh, C.R. and Ensley, S. 2010. Impact of hail damage during early reproductive stages on ear rot and mycotoxin contamination of maize. Phytopathology 100: SXX In Press