Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

(Improved management of plant-parasitic nematodes through modern diagnostic tools and increased use of host resistance) The meeting was convened at 1:00 PM in the Marriott Marquis Hotel in Atlanta, GA on January 7, 2011. Scientists in attendance (and their state designation) were: Agudelo (SC), Davis (GA), Dickson (FL), Eisenbach (VA), Koenning (NCSU), Lawrence (MS), Lawrence (AL), McGawley (LA), Nguyen (MO), Robbins (AR), Starr (TX), Stetina (MS), Timper (GA), Lacewell (Administrative Advisor, TX). Chen (MN) was absent. The reading of the minutes from the previous were dispensed with and approved as distributed via email to members. Members gave oral state reports. With the impending arrival of bad weather in the Atlanta area, the meeting continued until 6:40 PM in order to include the business meeting. At the business meeting Stetina lead a discussion of cooperative activities for 2011 with reniform nematode. Members will collect specimens of reniform nematode from infested fields in their states. Single mature females will be dissected from root systems and quick frozen at -80 C in 1 M NaCl. Since these samples will contain dead nematodes there will be no need need for an APHIS permit from the USDA. Stetina and colleagues in Stoneville, MS where will extract and amplify DNA from these samples for molecular analysis. Eisenbach and Agudelo also indicated their intentions to cooperate on improving methods for identification of root knot nematode species. In other discussion, McGawley was elected a chairman for the 2011 meeting. Lacewell then made comments from his standpoint as the administrative advisor to the group. First, he congratulated the members related to getting enthusiasm back into the team. The research members are actively working together to solve issues for agriculture including the horticulture industry. The group met briefy for breakfast on January 8 and then departed to avoid the adverse weather.

Objective 1: Integrate resistant cultivars with other nematode management tactics to reduce selection pressure on nematode populations and communities. (AR) I tested 161 soybean varieties new to the Arkansas Soybean Variety Testing program and 64 breeding lines and varieties from Southern Public Soybean Breeders for resistance to the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in soybean (6 from Arkansas; 20 from Clemson; 20 from Missouri; 2 from USDA, Jackson, TN; 16 from Virginia Tech). All 296 soybean varieties in the 2010 Arkansas Soybean Variety Testing were also tested for Root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) and Soybean Cyst Nematode races 2, 3, 5, and 14 (the most prevalent races in Arkansas). The results of this testing can be accessed at the following: http://www.arkansasvarietytesting.com/crop/data/5 administered by Terry Kirkpatrick. In a study I initiated in 2003 on the study of the effects of rotation of soybeans with 3 different soybean resistance sources (mode of resistance) to the soybean cyst nematode in St. Francis (Pine Tree Station) county, I have completed the eight year of the rotation in cooperation with Terry Kirkpatrick. When all rotations are compared the yield is best and the nematode numbers are least when Anand is the variety planted. A similar study rotating 3 Roundup Ready varieties with different resistance reactions has completed its fifth year at Pine Tree also. It became obvious during 2009 and became more pronounced in 2010 that some bio-control agent has become prevalent in this test as most of the plots at harvest had no detectable nematodes. (FL) The root-knot nematode tomato cultivar, Crista was tested for marketable yield and galling on roots in two spring and two autumn trials. Evaluations included fumigated and nonfumigated treatments and all trials included a root-knot nematode susceptible cultivar. In three of these trials fruit yield with nonfumigated Crista ranged from 33% to 113% greater than that of the nonfumigated susceptible cultivars, whereas in one trial fruit yield of Crista was 17% less than that of the susceptible cultivar. In three of the four trials when plots of Crista were treated with various fumigants (chloropicrin, potassium metam, 1,3-D, 1,3-D+chloropicrin) yield was increased from 7 to 42% over nonfumigated plots of Crista. In one trial, however, yield of Crista was decreased 21% when fumigated compared with nonfumigated Crista. Galling indices on nonfumigated Crista ranged from 0 to 2%, whereas galling on nonfumigated susceptible cultivars ranged from 29 to 53%. The low percentage galling of Crista vs. susceptible cultivars suggest that the root-knot nematode resistant Mi-1 gene in Crista was maintained and not broken by soil temperature. (AL) The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a leading economic pest in cotton in Alabama. Six soil types common to Alabama were evaluated for their effects on the reproduction of R. reniformis under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The test was conducted in microplots placed in a factorial within a RCBD replicated five times. The soil types evaluated were a Dothan sandy loam (S-S-C = 57-28-15), a Decatur silt loam (S-S-C = 23-49-28), a Hartsells fine sandy loam (S-S-C = 51-38-11), a Ruston very fine sandy loam (S-S-C = 59-33-8), a Lloyd loam (S-S-C = 52-23-25), and a Vaiden clay (S-S-C = 5-42-53). Significant interactions between soil type and irrigation occurred for nematode reproduction and yield. At harvest, R. reniformis populations were significantly higher (P <0.10) in the Decatur silt loam over the Hartsells fine sandy loam, the Ruston very fine sandy loam, and the Pacolet sandy loam. The Decatur silt loam also had higher populations than the Vaiden clay and the Dothan sandy loam by an average of 3,785 and 5,647 vermiform/150cc soil respectively. Soil types with greater than 50% silt + clay (Decatur silt loam and Vaiden clay) had an average of 83% more R. reniformis than those without. Rotylenchulus reniformis populations were higher in the irrigated plots by an average of 54% at mid-season and an average of 30% at harvest. The Vaiden clay yielded significantly higher (P <0.10) than all other soil types, while the Ruston very fine sandy loam yielded significantly lower (P <0.10) than all other soil types. Yields were significantly higher (P <0.10) in the non-irrigated plots. The combination of soil type and irrigation is directly related to R. reniformis reproduction and can potentially be used with other factors to predict cotton yield loss. (GA) Pasteuria species are bacterial parasites of nematodes. In a field study in Georgia, fewer Pasteuria spores were observed in the sandiest areas of the field and in locations treated with Telone than in the other locations. Similar numbers of spores were observed in the Temik treatment and the control. It is likely that there was greater leaching of spores below the sampling zone in the sandier areas. Telone reduced populations of the reniform nematode, thereby reducing the number of available hosts for reproduction of Pasteuria sp. There was a negative correlation between numbers of reniform nematodes and Pasteuria sp.: as the proportion of nematodes with attached spores increased, the numbers of reniform per volume of soil decreased, indicating that the bacterium may be suppressing the nematode population. (MS) A four year rotation system was developed and planted in 2009 using corn, cotton, soybean and peanut as alternate and non-hosts. All crops were grown to maturity and yields collected. Yields for continuous crops were lower in year two. (NC-Koenning) Soybean lines and cultivars with potential resistance derived from PI437564 were evaluated for yield and resistance to cyst nematode field trials located in three counties. Resistance to Races 1, 3, 9 and 14 were ineffective against SCN at these locations and lines with race 2 resistance had much greater yields. A soybean cultivar with resistance to races 1,2,3,5,9 and 14 was developed with resistance derived from Anand (Hartwig x Holiday) and will be released in 2011. (MN) Two field sites were established in Waseca and Lamberton, Minnesota, in 2003 and 2008, respectively, to determine the effect of different sequences of SCN-resistance sources (PI 887888, Peking, and PI437654) on dynamics of SCN population densities and their virulence phenotypes (races or HG Types). Waseca site was infested with initial population of SCN race 3, and the main aim of the experiment at this site was to determine how the cultivar sequences influence the changes of the SCN population from avirulent to virulent type on cultivars carrying certain resistance genes. At Lamberton site, the initial SCN population was race 1 that can overcome PI88788 resistance, and the main aim of the experiment at this site was to determine whether any cultivar sequence can change the population from virulent type to avirulent type or change to other HG Types so that the PI88788-source cultivars can be used. SCN population densities differed following different sequence of soybean cultivars, and susceptible soybean resulted in higher egg population density than resistant cultivars. Among the three SCN-resistant cultivars, the cultivar carrying PI88788 resistance supported highest SCN egg population density, the cultivar carrying Peking resistance intermediate, and cultivar carrying PI437654 resistance supported lowest SCN egg population density. Based on the data of HG Type analysis of the populations collected in 2007, 2008, and 2009, SCN populations selected by cultivar with PI 88788 source of resistance could overcome the resistance of PI 88788, and Peking-selected SCN population can overcome the resistance in Peking, not each other. In contrast, PI 437654 selected SCN population that could overcome both Peking and PI 88788 sources of resistance, although the population still had low reproduction potential on PI 437654. (SC) We finished a rotation study in which we followed the changes in genetic structure of a field population of reniform nematode. The rotations included: 1) cotton, corn, cotton, corn; 2) susceptible soybean, corn, susceptible soybean, corn; 3) resistant soybean, cotton, resistant soybean, cotton; 4) corn, cotton, corn, cotton; 5) continuous susceptible soybean; and 6) continuous cotton. Each crop was grown for a cycle of 120 days (total of 4 cycles for each rotation scheme) and DNA was extracted from 1,000 individuals for AFLP analysis after each cycle. The host plant exerted clear selection pressure and altered the predominant genotype. The most distinct effects were observed when resistant or susceptible soybean was used in a rotation scheme. Continuous cotton appeared to maintain the diversity of the genotype, but allowed for genetic drift from the original field genotype. Continuous soybean maintained the original field genotype for a longer period of time. These results suggest that the use of susceptible soybean as a host may be more useful for maintaining field genotype when culturing reniform nematodes in a greenhouse. (TX) Integrate resistant cultivars into management system. Have determined that temperature sensitive Mi gene resistance in tomato can be used successfully in west Africa if the nematode population is M arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. RK- resistant peppers have limited use due to poor yield potential. (VA) A field survey of root-knot nematodes in tobacco has been initiated to evaluate the long-term effect of the RK1 gene on nematode species and race structure. We anticipate that the prolonged use of this gene to manage root-knot has caused a shift in the species and races from Meloidogyne incognita race 1 to M. incognita races 2 and 4 and to M. arenaria and M. javanica. Objective 2: Identify and incorporate new sources of resistance into elite germplams lines and cultivars. (AR) I am collaborating with Drs. Grover Shannon (Soybean Breeder) and Tri D. Vuong (Soybean Biotechnologist) on developing reniform molecular markers for reniform nematode resistance in soybean. We tested 190 lines in 2010 (5 reps each). I am conducting proprietary contract studies with Phytogen Seed Company looking for reniform resistance in cotton. (AL) Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) can be a yield-limiting factor for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Resistance was discovered in a wild cotton relative, transferred to an upland background and released as the germplasm LONREN. We tested F2:4 lines from the cross LONREN-1 × Fibermax 966 in two fields, one infested with reniform nematode and one not infested. Twenty resistant lines and 20 susceptible lines were tested, with the objective of determining the effect of the LONREN resistance gene on yield, agronomic traits, and fiber quality in a nematode-infested and nematode-free environment. Lines with the LONREN resistance gene were stunted during early season growth and yielded less than their susceptible counterparts in the nematode-infested field. Nematode populations were reduced in plots where lines carrying the LONREN resistance gene were planted. There were no yield differences in the nematode-free field. Fiber quality was largely unaffected by the LONREN resistance gene, except that lines carrying the gene tended to have greater fiber strength. (GA) GA 120R1B3 is a non-commercial breeding line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) jointly released by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Georgia in 2010. Greenhouse and field evaluations confirmed that GA 120R1B3 has a high level of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (the southern root-knot nematode) and has high yield and excellent fiber quality characteristics. Field evaluations for yield and fiber quality were conducted both in fields infested with M. incognita and in fields without M. incognita. In the presence of the nematode, the resistance in GA 120R1B3 significantly reduces yield loss. The source of resistance in GA 120R1B3 was M-120 RNR. GA 120R1B3 has a level of resistance to M. incognita that is equivalent to that in M-120 RNR, but GA120R1B3 has significantly better lint percentage and fiber quality than M-120 RNR. GA 120R1B3 has yield and fiber quality generally comparable to commercial cultivars, and a lint percentage that was often greater than the commercial standards. GA 120R1B3 had good yield and excellent fiber quality in both the presence and absence of M. incognita. (MN) Several soybean lines carrying SCN-resistance different from the sources PI 88788 and Peking were used for breeding SCN-resistance cultivars. Crosses were made in 2009 and 2010 and the progenies of the crosses will be evaluated for SCN resistance. (MS) Twenty soybean varieties were evaluated for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Fourteen varieties were resistant and six moderately susceptible to the root-knot nematode. One hundred and twenty varieties were screened for resistance to the reniform nematode. Ten varieties were resistant, thirty-two varieties were moderately susceptible, seventeen varieties were susceptible and sixty-one varieties were highly susceptible. (NC-Davis) The roots of transgenic soybean plants engineered to express RNAi against three parasitism genes of soybean cyst nematode were analyzed for production of small RNAs to compare the actual transgene expression with observed levels of SCN resistance. Extremely low expression of RNAi constructs complementary to SCN parasitism genes that encode a mimic of plant CLE-like protein, an effector protein that interacts with plant spermidine synthase, and a novel SCN parasitism protein was observed in all transgenic soybean lines. Modifications of the RNAi vector used in soybean are currently in progress to improve transgene expression and resistance to SCN in soybean. (MS-Stetina) Efforts to incorporate useful levels of resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) into upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) continued. Moderate levels of resistance from less-adapted day-neutral Texas race stock lines have been identified, and select lines will be tested in replicated trials in 2011 pending receipt of sufficient seed from the winter nursery in Tecoman, Mexico. In this project, we also are working to transfer high levels of reniform nematode resistance from five unique relatives of upland cotton (G. aridum, G. arboreum, G. longicalyx, G. barbadense, and G. herbaceum), and marker assisted selection is being used as appropriate to facilitate this effort. Molecular marker analysis indicated that we have BC4F2 plants with resistance from G. aridum, G. arboreum, or both sources combined. Continued testing and selection for desirable agronomic traits is anticipated for 2011 and 2012, with possible germplasm release(s) from this population in 2013. Collaborative work with cotton breeders at Mississippi State University resulted in F3 and F4 progeny with confirmed resistance from G. longicalyx (Lonren 1 and Lonren 2 sources of resistance) that show acceptable to excellent yield potential and fiber quality, including some that combine reniform nematode resistance with the nectariless trait. The Lonren 1 and Lonren 2 sources used as the resistance donors are being evaluated for suspected sensitivity to the herbicide fluometuron, though results to date indicate that neither is more sensitive than the commercial G. hirsutum cultivar used as a control. Evaluation of F2 progeny from a cross between plants with resistance from G. longicalyx (Lonren 2) and G. aridum (selected BC2F1 plants selected from a G. arboreum//G. hirsutum/G. aridum population) demonstrated that the resistance genes are not allelic and in some cases work together to result in greater suppression of the reniform nematode population. Resistance from G. barbadense accession GB 713 transferred to a G. hirsutum background by Dr. Forest Robinson (retired USDA, ARS, College Station, TX) has been crossed to materials adapted for Mississippi and the midsouthern U.S., including several nectariless lines, with progeny currently at the F3 generation. Accessions of G. herbaceum are being screened to identify novel sources of resistance for future germplasm development. Identification of reniform nematode resistance in advanced breeding lines and accessions from the soybean (Glycine max) germplasm collection was initiated. A total of 60 entries were screened to date based on female development on roots, and eight of these were selected for further testing to evaluate effects of nematode reproduction and confirm the resistant reaction. USDA ARS breeding line Glycine max DS-880 was released and has a moderate level of reniform nematode resistance. One parent of an existing population of 273 recombinant inbred lines was demonstrated to have a moderate level of resistance to reniform nematode in initial screenings, so an extensive phenotypic evaluation of the population was initiated to identify markers associated with resistance. (TX) New Sources of resistance. Have released two cotton breeding lines (Tam RKRNR 9 and Tam RKRNR 12) that have a high level of resistance to M. incognita and moderate resistance to R. reniformis, Have confirmed that five primitive G. hirsutum genotypes from Mexico represent unique sources of resistance to M. incognita and have initiated a backcross breeding program to introgress this resistance into modern cotton germplasm. Objective 3: Facilitate and improve identification of nematode species and races. (AR) My current student Marco Cordero and I are involved in the morphological and molecular taxonomy of the Criconemoidea, a widespread and often damaging nematode group of over a dozen genera. Included will be photographic records of all species studied and descriptions of several new species we have identified as there are several species we are in the process of describing that are new to science. I have been cooperating with a student at the University of Tabriz in Iran (Majid Pedram) on the identification and publication of new species in the virus vectoring genera Longidorus and Xiphinema and the description of new species in several other dorylime genera. (LA) The comparative reproduction and pathogenicity of isolates of Rotylenchulus reniformis from Alabama, Arkansas, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas on cotton was evaluated in microplot trials. Prior to initiation of microplot trials, ten clonal populations of each geographic isolate were derived from single egg masses. Reproduction of the clonal populations of each geographic isolate were evaluated in greenhouse studies with Stoneville LA887 cotton by assessing the numbers of vermiform stages in soil and eggs per gram of root tissue 60 days after inoculation. On the basis of these trials, each repeated once, one clonal population of each of the six isolates was selected for use in microplot trials. Averaged over the two trials, clonal population designations selected for use in microplot trials and their respective reproduction values (R, where R=Pf/Pi) and numbers of eggs per gram of root were: AL-8 (R=14.9, eggs=202); AR-3 (R=30.4, eggs=525); HI-9 (R=20.2, eggs=183); LA-3 (R=18.2, eggs=517.); MS-7 (R=25.7, eggs=602) and TX-10 (R=42.8, eggs=938). Data from full-season (147 days) microplot trials, averaged over 2 years, showed significant differences (Tukeys HSD test (P< 0.05%)) among isolates of reniform nematode in both reproduction and pathogenicity. Dry plant weight at harvest averaged 370.6 g for the non-inoculated control. All isolates except the one from HI produced root weights at harvest that were reduced significantly below that of the control. Harvest weights for plants inoculated with LA-3 and MS-7 were significantly lower than those from the other four geographic regions. The comparative reproduction and pathogenicity of isolates of Rotylenchulus reniformis from Alabama, Arkansas, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas on soybean was evaluated in microplot trials. Prior to initiation of microplot trials, ten clonal populations of each geographic isolate were derived from single egg masses. Reproduction of the clonal populations of each geographic isolate were evaluated in greenhouse studies with Deltapine 4331 soybean by assessing the numbers of vermiform stages in soil and eggs per gram of root tissue 60 days after inoculation. On the basis of these trials, each repeated once, one clonal population of each of the six isolates was selected for use in microplot trials. Averaged over the two trials, clonal population designations selected for use in microplot trials and their respective reproduction values (R, where R=Pf/Pi) and numbers of eggs per gram of root were: AL-7 (R=3.5, eggs=1,082); AR-4 (R=26.7, eggs=2,186); HI-1 (R=30.2, eggs=1,624); LA-3 (R=30.2, eggs=1,656); MS-2 (R=43.9, eggs=5,215) and TX-5 (R=55.4, eggs=4,329). Data from full-season (126 day) microplot trials, averaged over 2 years, showed significant differences (Tukeys HSD test (P< 0.05%)) among isolates of reniform nematode in both reproduction and pathogenicity. Dry plant weight at harvest averaged 273.3 g for the non-inoculated control. All isolates except the ones from HI and TX produced root weights at harvest that were reduced significantly below that of the control. With the exception of the MS-2 isolate, harvest weights for plants inoculated with AR-4 were significantly lower than those from the other four geographic regions. Relative to the control, numbers and dry weights of pods per plant at harvest were reduced significantly by all reniform iolates except those from AL and HI. (MS) A species specific primer pair (RrITS1) showed specificity to R. reniformis. RrITS1 generated amplicons on the 4 different populations of R. reniformis tested. The species-specific primer pair showed specificity in both the glasshouse and field populations. A positive diagnoses for a single vermiform reniform nematode could be detected from soil when using generating Ct values below 37. Two developmental phases of the syncytium were determined during soybean cyst parasitism. Syncytia undergoing resistant and susceptible reactions appear the same during early development. The resistance response is complete by 9 dpi. Using microdissection of the syncytia and neighboring cells identifed genes that characterize the resistance phase. The most highly induced pathways include jasmonic acid biosynthesis, 13-lipoxygenase pathway, S-adenosyl methionine pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, suberin biosynthesis, adenosylmethionine biosynthesis, ethylene biosynthesis from methionine, flavonoid biosynthesis and the methionine salvage pathway. These pathways, along with coumarin biosynthesis, cellulose biosynthesis and homogalacturonan degradation are induced. Custom pathway analyses implicate the jasmonic acid defense pathway as a factor involved in the resistant reaction of G. max. (SC) We developed 10 microsatellite loci appropriate to study the genetic diversity of reniform nematode. We included individuals from 15 geogrpahic locations and report data that supports a high inbreeding coefficient for this species. Interestingly, this high frequency of inbreeding resulting in a high frequency of homozygosity, occurs even with high level of genetic variation. The combination of high homozygosity and relatively high genetic variation suggest that studies examining the rates and patterns of shared versus fixed alleles between populations will be possible. Thus, these loci will be useful for studying reniform nematode population genetics (TX) Have adopted the PCR-based protocol of Adam et al. (2006) for the identification of M. marylandi. (VA) A new technique that uses an annular ring in the stage condenser produces images with increased resolution and enhanced surface morphology that are look like images produced with a scanning electron microscope. Annular rings increase resolution by making the illumination coherent (light waves that vibrate with constant phase relationships). The initial picture appears similar to a photographic negative, but is inverted into a positive with image processing software and a computer. This new technique of illumination increases the value of the observation of perineal patterns for identification of Meloidogyne species by increasing resolution and enhancing surface morphology.

(ALABAMA) Castillo, J. D., Lawrence, K. S., Kloepper, J. W., and Van Santen, E. 2010. Evaluation of Drechslerella dactyloides, Drechslerella brochopaga, and Paecilomyces lilacinus for the biocontrol of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematropica 40:71-85. Sekora, N. S., K. S. Lawrence, P. Agudelo, E. van Santen, and J. A. McInroy. 2010. Differentiation of Meloidogyne species with FAME analysis. Nematropica 40:163-175. Castillo, J. D., Lawrence, K.S., Kloepper, J.W., and Van Santen, E. 2010. Evaluation of Drechslerella dactyloides, Drechslerella brochopaga, and Paecilomyces lilacinus for the biocontrol of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematropica 40:71-85. Moore, S. R., K. S. Lawrence, F. J. Arriaga, C. H. Burmester, E. van Santen. 2010. Natural movement of Rotylenchulus reniformis upon introduction into a no-till cotton system. Journal of Nematology 42: (Accepted Sept. 24, 2010). Castillo, J. D., Lawrence, K, Scott, T., and K. Glass. 2010. Isolation and molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from cotton crops in Alabama. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences: 273-277. Castillo, J.D., Lawrence, K.S., Cruz, L.F., and K.M. Glass. 2010. Isolation and molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 2 present in Alabama cotton. Phytopathology 100:S21. American Phytopathological Society Meeting. Charlotte, NC. August 2010. Moore, S. R., W. S. Gazaway, K. S. Lawrence, B. Goodman, R. Akridge. 2010. Value of rotational crops for profit increase and reniform nematode suppression with and without a nematicide in Alabama. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Vol. 1, 260 - 268. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings. Moore, S. R., K. S. Lawrence, B. V. Ortiz, J. N. Shaw, J. Fulton. 2010. Evaluation of nematicides for the management of Rotylenchulus reniformis across management zones created using soil electrical conductivity. Phytopathology 100:S86. (ARKANSAS) Robbins, R.T., P. Chen, L. E. Jackson, E. E. Gbur, D. G. Dombek, E. Shipe, P. Arelli, G. Shannon, and C. Overstreet. 2010. Reniform Nematode Reproduction on Soybean Cultivars and Breeding Lines in 2009. New Orleans, LA 2010. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences Pgs. 190-199. Ye, Weimin and R.T Robbins. 2010. Morphology and Taxonomy of Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) Occurring in Arkansas, USA. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jianxiensis 32:928-945. Pedram M., G. Niknam, M. T. Vinciguerra, W. Ye and R. T. Robbins. 2010. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Paractinolaimus sahandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae)from Sahand Mountains in Iran. Journal of Helminthology doi:10.1017/ S0022149X10000556 First view article Pedram, M., G.Niknam, R. T. Robbins, W. Decraemer, W. Ye and Y. Qing . 2010. First record of Trichodorus primitivus (de Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1922 and morphological and molecular identification of Longidorus elongatus (de Man, 1876) Micoletzky, 1922 from Canada. Plant Disease (Disease notes) 94:782 Pourjam, E,. M. Pedram, M. T. Vinciguerra, and R. T. Robbins. 2010. 2010.Enchodelus decraemerae n. sp and Enchodorus dolichurus Vinciguerra, 1976 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae), two rare species from Iran. Russian Journal of Nematology (In Press) Niknam,G., M. Pedram, E. G. Nejad, W. Ye, R. T. Robbins and Z.T. Maafi. 2010. Morphological and molecular characterization of Longidorus tabrizicus n. sp. and L. sturhani Rubtsova, Subbotin, Brown and Moens, 2001 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from north-western Iran. Russian Journal of Nematology (In Press). (GEORGIA) Timper, P., R.F. Davis, T.M. Webster, T.B. Brenneman, S.L.F Meyer, I.A. Zasada, C.P. Rice. 2010. Response of root-knot nematodes and Palmer amaranth to tillage and rye green manure. Agronomy Journal. Accepted. Nagy, E.D., Y. Chu, Y. Guo, S. Khanal, S. Tang, Y. Li, W.B. Dong, P. Timper, C. Taylor, P. Ozias-Akins, C.C. Holbrook Jr, V. Beilinson, N.C. Nielsen, H. Stalker, S.J. Knapp. 2010. Recombination is suppressed in an alien introgression on chromosome 5A of peanut harboring Rma, a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene. Molecular Breeding 26:357-370. Timper, P. 2009. Population dynamics of Meloidogyne arenaria and Pasteuria penetrans in a long-term crop rotation study. Journal of Nematology 41:291-299. Timper, P., D. Koné, J. Yin, P. Ji, and B.B. McSpadden Gardener. 2009. Evaluation of an antibiotic-producing strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens for suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology 41:234-240. Davis, R. F., and R. C. Kemerait. 2009. The multi-year effects of repeatedly growing cotton with moderate resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 41:140-145. Lu, P., R. F. Davis, and R. C. Kemerait. 2010. Effect of mowing cotton stalks and preventing plant re-growth on post-harvest reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology (in press). Shen, X.,Y. He, E. L. Lubbers, R. F. Davis, R. L. Nichols, and P. W. Chee. 2010. Fine mapping QMi-C11 a major QTL controlling root-knot nematodes resistance in Upland cotton. Theoretical and Applied Genetics (in press). Davis, R. F., P. W. Chee, E. L. Lubbers, and O. L. May. 2010. Registration of GA 120R1B3 germplasm line of cotton. Journal of Plant Registrations (in press). (LOUISIANA) Navas, A., P. Flores-Romero, S. Sanchez-Moreno, J.A. Camargo and E.C. McGawley. 2010. Effects of Heavy Metal Soil Pollution on Nematode Communities After the Aznalcollar Mining Spill. Nematropica 40(1):13-30. McGawley, E. C., M. J. Pontif, and C. Overstreet. 2010. Variation in reproduction and pathogenicity of geographic Isolates of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton. Nematropica 40: 275-288. McGawley, E. C., C. Overstreet, and M. J. Pontif. 2010. Variation in reproduction and pathogenicity of geographic Isolates of Rotylenchulus reniformis on soybean. Nematropica: 41(1): accepted. in press. McGawley, E.C. and C. Overstreet. 2010 Reniform Nematode, In: Compendium of Soybean Diseases. American Phytopathological Society. (In press). McGawley, E. C., M. J. Pontif, and C. Overstreet. 2010. Introduction to Nematodes: a Multimedia Presentation. Overstreet, C, E.C. McGawley, C. Hollier, D. Ferrin and S.Raghuwinder. Current Strategies for Sampling Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Field Crops. Louisiana Plant Pathology Disease Identification and Management Series. (MISSISSIPPI, USDA) Stetina, S. R., Molin, W. T., and Pettigrew, W. T. 2010. Effects of varying planting dates and tillage systems on reniform nematode and browntop millet populations in cotton. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-1227-01-RS. Hewlett, T. E., Stetina, S. R., and Schmidt, L.M. 2010. 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