Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes
Annual Meeting
NE-164 Regional Research Committee
Decision Support of Design and Control of Plant Growth Structures
Sheraton Tucson Hotel & Suites, Tucson, AZ 85712
Friday, March 8 - Saturday, March 9, 2002

Participants
Arizona (University of Arizona) Joel Cuello, Gene Giacomelli, Stephen Kania, Chieri Kubota, Armando Suarez
Connecticut (Connecticut Agri Expt Station, New Haven) Martin Gent
(University of Connecticut) Richard McAvoy
Kentucky (University of Kentucky) George Duncan, Bob Geneve
Michigan (Michigan State University) Royal Heins, Eric Runkle
Nebraska (University of Nebraska) Absent
New Hampshire (University of New Hampshire) Absent
New Jersey (Rutgers University) A.J. Both, Robin Brumfield
New York (Cornell University) Lou Albright
Ohio (The Ohio State University) Mike Brugger, Robert Hansen
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania State University) Absent

Also participating was Thomas A. Fretz, Administrative Advisor.

Dr. Fretz is Dean and Director, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Maryland Cooperative Extension and the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.

Optional Pre-meeting Session
The opening session was preceded by an optional session starting Friday, March 8 at 9:00 AM. The optional session was called by Committee Chair, Lou Albright, to initiate review of plans and requirements for writing a new five-year NE-164 Regional Research Project proposal, which is due by December 2002. The current project terminates, September 2003. The optional session was attended by Lou Albright, A.J. Both, Mike Brugger, Tom Fretz, Martin Gent, Robert Hansen and Rich McAvoy. Minutes from this optional session are included as an addendum to these minutes.

Opening of the Meeting  First Session
The first session of the NE-164 Regional Research Committee opened at 12:00 noon with a nourishing buffet lunch catered by the Sheraton Tucson Hotel. The lunch was served and all sessions met in a Sheraton Tucson meeting room. The business meeting was called to order by Lou Albright at 1:00 PM.

Welcome and Local Arrangements
Gene Giacomelli welcomed participants to sunny Tucson on behalf of the University of Arizona and expressed appreciation for our safe arrival. Gene discussed plans for an afternoon tour and an evening dinner.

Colin Kaltenbach, Vice Dean, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Director, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station also welcomed committee members to the University of Arizona and briefly discussed the status of Arizona agriculture. The primary and overriding concern for Arizona agriculture is WATER!! He highlighted the issue by referring to the following five categories: (1) water quantity, (2) water quality, (3) water use and reuse, (4) water ownership and (5) water availability. Water issues are a major component of funding decisions for the experiment station.

Merle Jensen, Assistant Dean, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences and Associate Director, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station also participated in portions of the meeting.

Announcements

An NCR-101 meeting is scheduled for April 6-9, 2002 in Durham, North Carolina. The meeting is to include visits to the National Phytotron at Duke University and the NC State Phytotron. Information is available on the web site: www.ncr101.duke.edu.

Mailing List Update

The NE-164 mailing list was circulated for corrections and additions. A sheet was also circulated so attendees could sign in.

Minutes

Minutes (submitted by 2000-2001 secretary Lou Albright) from our last meeting held June 6 & 7, 2001 at the University of New Hampshire were distributed. AJ Both moved the minutes be accepted as distributed. The motion was seconded by RC Hansen. Motion carried.

Administrative Advisors Report

Tom Fretz noted that the NE-164 Regional Committee idea has been in existence since 1986. The committee needs to revise its objectives for the fourth time. The current project terminates September 2003. A lot of work will be required by a few of you. A proposed draft of objectives and associated justifications need to be written.

We need to ask ourselves: Have we met the objectives for the project as written five years ago? What have been the impacts or outcomes of your research? Regional projects need to include collaboration. Two or more institutions need to be connected. One may have a uniquely equipped laboratory while the other has other needed resources. If this is not true, then there is no need to have a regional project.

Dr. Fretz suggested that a draft proposal be submitted by February 1, 2003 so directors can review it prior to their March 2003 meeting. You need to avoid a lapse in project continuation. You need to write it and get it submitted. Go to the paperless environment. Use the NIMSS web page: http://www.lgu.umd.edu/login.cfm where you can access a menu for project proposals, participants and a format for a proposal. The proposal can be submitted electronically to reviewers. That should shorten the time to get approval by four to six months. The committee should review the publication, A Science Roadmap for Agriculture, November 2001. It is a guideline for regional research prepared by the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges. Tom referred to an additional web site http://www.agnr.umd.edu/users/nera/ that includes a menu of forms for developing a regional research proposal.

Dr. Fretz noted that it was not a problem for us to include the University of Arizona even though we are designated as a northeastern regional project. Nebraska has also been included in the project over many years.

The annual report can also be submitted through NIMSS. Then it can be transmitted on to CRIS http://cris.csrees.usda.gov/. Tom could not find evidence that we submitted the 2001 Regional Research Report for NE-164.

General Business Items

Lou and AJ indicated they would investigate why the 2001 NE-164 report was missing and follow up on getting it submitted.

Lou stated a group of us met this morning to initiate discussion of project revisions. He summarized the outcome of that meeting by stating some general objectives that were identified at the session. Since we are scheduled to take up this topic tomorrow morning (Saturday, March 9), no further action was taken.

Tom suggested we set up a Secure Website under the NE-164 name where project ideas could be submitted and discussed. Impacts of our research could also be recorded there.

Gene stated Richard Riley, Rough Brothers Inc., 5513 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45217 was set to attend our meeting as an industry representative but called and canceled at the last minute.

New Memberships

Lou asked whether there were any new membership applications from additional institutions that any one knew about. None were suggested.

Meeting Location for 2003

Tom Fretz pointed out that it is acceptable to meet at stations other than where member institutions are located.

Option 1. Royal offered to host the meeting at Michigan State. Michigan is the third largest producer of floral products in the USA. Many excellent tour options would be available. He suggested we return to our more traditional meeting time in June.

Option 2. The idea of meeting at the University of Maryland was discussed. Tom said his staff would be available to help with arrangements. Tour options in the Washington D.C. area were noted, e.g., The United States Botanic Garden and perhaps a visit to a research funding agency.

Option 3. The idea of setting up an off shore meeting (e.g., The Netherlands, Denmark) was discussed. Airfares are low at the right time of the year. We may be able to acquire group rates.

Gene Giacomelli moved that we hold our next meeting in the Washington DC area. The motion was seconded by Mike Brugger. The motion carried. The first week of May was suggested as a time to meet (May 9 & 10, 2003). Tom again volunteered staff from the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station to assist with arrangements.

Meeting in 2004. The possibility of going to the NTV Show in Denmark as a part of our regular meeting in 2004 was discussed. Mike Brugger has a contact person in Denmark. An ISHS meeting is also scheduled for April 2004 in The Netherlands (Wageningen). However, the April date conflicts with Spring Semester teaching obligations. The possibility of going to Canada or Mexico was mentioned. Additional offshore options suggested were Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China.

Election of Officers

Robert Hansen advanced from secretary to committee chair for 2002-2003. Martin Gent volunteered to serve as secretary for 2002-2003. He was duly elected by unanimous ballet. With this election, Martin would become committee chair for 2003-2004.

Station Reports

Station reports were presented by Lou Albright (Cornell), Joel Cuello (Arizona) and AJ Both (Rutgers) from 2:15 to 4:15 PM.

Tour

An interesting tour of the University of Arizona greenhouses located at their Controlled Environment Agriculture Center was conducted by Gene Giacomelli and associates. Our day concluded with a visit to an ole time western village followed by dinner at a western steak house.

Second Session
The second session was opened by Lou Albright Saturday at 9:00 AM. The agenda for the morning was development of a new five-year proposal followed by remaining station reports.

Comments from our participants concerning the new proposal are summarized below:

We need to review greenhouse system components: structure, irrigation and nutrition.

Gene stated he was invited to attend the National Greenhouse Manufacturing Association (NGMA) meeting in Phoenix last fall. NGMA is made up of 25 to 30 companies. Their two primary purposes are to design and construct (1) greenhouse structures and (2) greenhouse systems. We are apparently invited to attend their meetings as guests but not as participants.

Richard Riley, Rough Brothers Inc. was scheduled to participate in this NE-164 meeting as an NGMA representative. Perhaps the NE-164 committee should schedule a time and place to meet with NGMA representatives. The Ohio Florists Association Short Course was suggested. It will be held in Columbus, Ohio, July 2002. It is important for the top levels of their group and the top levels of our group to communicate.

Dates and places scheduled for future NGMA meetings were listed:

Spring 2002 Apr 21-24 San Antonio, Texas
Autumn 2002 Oct 17-18 Phoenix, Arizona
Spring 2003 Apr 27-30 Carmel, California
Autumn 2003 Tampa, Florida

NGMA is currently publishing standards that parallel ASAE Standards in many respects. Their standards efforts should be coordinated with ASAE Standards. Perhaps we should contribute to their newsletter. Mike Brugger agreed to meet with Richard Riley to review these issues. A contact person at NGMA is hughesstuart@msn.com.

Our relationship with NCR101 was discussed. Their focus is growth chambers; ours is greenhouses. The committee did not see viable collaborative options neither for combining our efforts into one committee nor for meeting in tandem as was done in 1999 at Cornell.

Mike Brugger stated research is needed that involves the plant scientist and the agricultural engineer, e.g., How high should ebb & flood irrigation water rise for a 4 pot? How much variation is acceptable? Questions that need to be asked are, Is it new and unique research? Is it an application of what we already know? Funding sources want immediate impact!

Bob Geneve noted that graduate student collaboration between institutions should be established as a part of our plan of action.

Royal Heins encouraged the committee to use the term Greenhouses in place of terminology like Plant Growth Systems so industry people know who we are. Royal expressed concerns for greenhouse growers who are often left with systems that are poorly designed and therefore never work right. They are stuck with defective systems that they must often live with for years. Shading systems, ventilation systems and concrete flood floors are examples.

Lou used a lap top computer and projector to record suggested titles and objectives for the proposed five-year project (2003-2008). After approximately 90 minutes of discussion and rewording, a project title and objectives were accepted by participants.

The committee agreed that a first draft proposal should be submitted by June 2002.

Station Reports (Cond)

Station reports were presented from 11:00 AM until 12:30 PM. Robert Hansen and Mike Brugger (Ohio), Richard McAvoy and Martin Gent (Connecticut), Royal Heins and Eric Runkle (Michigan) and Robin Brumfield (Rutgers) reported. A written report was submitted by Paul Fisher (New Hampshire).

Royal Heins moved that we adjourn. The motion was seconded by A.J. Both. Motion carried.

Saturday Afternoon Tour

Participants enjoyed a tour of Biosphere 2 Laboratory, Oracle, AZ 85623. The vast facility is now operated by Columbia University. According to a brochure that describes the facility, The Biosphere 2 Laboratory consists of medium scale synthetic terrestrial and marine communities of plants, soils and substrates encased in a gas-tight glass and metal shell. Its closed systems provide unique research opportunities to manipulate system-level responses to elevated CO2 and climate change, yielding data that are needed to validate models that scale up from organisms to ecosystems.

Saturday Evening Dinner

As the final event, Gene and his wife hosted an evening dinner under the stars of Arizona at their favorite Mexican Restaurant in Tucson. Committee members unanimously felt our Arizona experience was very rewarding and productive. Appreciation to Gene and his associates were expressed by all in attendance.

1. To integrate environmentally acceptable and economically profitable management models (decision-support) into controlled-environment plant-production systems:

(a) To develop decision-support tools based on plant growth and development models to enhance crop growth control and profitability (CT, MI, NH, PA, NY, NJ)

AZ is to define a set of growth patterns for tomato cv. Rapsodie for arid and semi-arid climates, which can be used as indicators (plant growth indices) of the tendency for vegetative or reproductive development. The environmental parameters revealing strong correlations with the measured plant growth responses will be selected and used in a second phase study, performed under a higher environmental control level. In one study, tomato plants cv. Rapsodie are to be subjected to different environments, the most important being vapor pressure deficits regimes and nutrient solution electroconductivity (EC), under constant temperature and light conditions. The long-term goal is to develop a decision support system for the grower in regions with similar climate conditions as Arizona by defining the set of causes and related measured effects on the plant growth patterns and yield.

CT Experiments were conducted to determine how environment and development affect nutrient requirements of greenhouse tomato grown in the spring and summer in the climate of Connecticut. At the beginning of fruit production, water use reached a plateau of about 2 L per plant per day and nitrogen uptake was about 0.18 g N per plant per day. The uptake of nutrients was summed over two months of vegetative growth and three months of fruit production. In 2001, a tomato plant took up about 208 L of water, 21.3 g N and 26.3 g K. When nutrient supplements were added, water uptake was not affected but N uptake increased to 24.3 g and K uptake increased to 33.0 g.

KY continues to assess a control system based on a Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ET) model for improved poinsettia propagation. As changes in environment affect ET, the misting interval is adjusted accordingly.


MI developed simulations based on two models that show that energy consumption decreased in a linear fashion while time to flower went up exponentially. The simulation demonstrated that for a crop with a base temperature of 5 Deg C and normally grown at 20 Deg C, lowering the temperature to 15 Deg C would actually increase energy consumption for the crop during the spring of the year. This is due to a longer crop time, which occurs during relatively cold days of the year. The assumption in this modeling is that the added time to produce a crop at a lower temperature must be added to the beginning of the crop, not the end since sales on a particular date is assumed. In contrast, raising the temperature actually decreases energy consumption per crop in the spring, although not in the fall.

NJ developed a computer algorithm to simulate and compensate for effects of environmental perturbations on coup production and scheduling of hydroponically grown wheat, soybean and white potato in controlled environments.

NY is developing a model to predict pH and EC changes in the root zone of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Vivaldi) grown in a deep-trough hydroponic system.

OH A Visual Basic software program, PACCS, was developed to aid NASA personnel in planning, design, and operating biomass production components for advanced life support systems (ALSS). PACCS integrates mathematical crop models of simulated controlled environment hydroponic production of wheat, soybean, and white potato with scheduling and analysis tools. Analysis options allow for studies on the feasibility of growing multiple crops in shared environmental zones and sensitivity of off-nominal environmental conditions on desired crop production schedules.

OH continues with study of plant-response-based closed-loop plant production. It is a concept of using a plants physiological status as a feedback to adjust environmental and cultural practices to improve plant growth and development. Early, non-contact drought stress detection is a key to effective irrigation management. Advanced sensing technologies including infrared thermometry, digital imaging, and multispectral have been evaluated for drought stress detection. A field sensing and control unit was designed, constructed, and has been evaluated for continuous monitoring of plant health in a greenhouse environment.


(b) To develop an integrated information database on CEA plant growth systems to facilitate analysis and to produce a decision-support tool. (NJ, NY, MI, PA, CT, NE, NH).

CT (Storrs) Plant form and post-production quality of petunia, chrysanthemum and rose are being transformed though gene transfers.

CT (Storrs) An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for poinsettia has been developed. Genetically transformed poinsettia plants are needed to investigate the role of endogenous hormones in the development of bract necrosis.

KY used an imaging system consisting of a PC connected to a flat bed scanner to quantify hypocotyls and radicle emergence characteristics for a number of seeds. Images are scanned and a simple software routine to compare time-series images to assess growth rate, volume change and root statistics.

NH completed development of a new Excel-based software (FloraSoil and FloraPest) for graphically tracking nutrient and pest counts. The software is commercially available with over 24 copies in use.


2. To enhance commercial greenhouse design, water management, and environmental systems for cool and cloudy climates:

(a) To develop design and control recommendations for naturally ventilated greenhouses (OH, NY, PA, NJ).

NJ Renovations of a open-roof greenhouse (Van Wingerden Greenhouse Company, MX-II, four gutter-connected bays, 58 by 60 foot floor area) is nearing completion.

OH continues to work with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The model is an excellent tool for evaluating natural ventilation design of greenhouses. A returning faculty member has picked up the lead in the greenhouse ventilation modeling. One reservation in the use of CFD has been the verification of modeling results. To better evaluate the reliability of results, a literature review and an evaluation of the parameters used in the modeling process were initiated. A new computer was obtained to facilitate quicker modeling.

(b) To enhance technology transfer and research in artificial lighting (MI, NJ, NY, PA).

AZ is to analyze the thermal and spectral characteristics of the double-ended, water-jacketed HID lamps within a test stand to further develop and deliver improved versions of the lamp for the purpose of implementation within NASA ALS applications. HID lighting generates substantial thermal loading in closed and semi-closed applications. Incorporation of water jackets around the lamp can remove over 75% of the heat generated. The technical objectives are to: test the design concept; categorize the double-ended, water-jacketed 400 W, HPS and MH lamps; conduct a thermal analysis of the lamp and water jacket system; improve the lamp body and luminaire; and initiate longevity evaluation of the lamps.

NJ A 178 page book was translated and published entitled, Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse Crops by J.J. Sparrggaren. It is distributed by P.L. Light Systems, Inc.

NH and NJ collaborated in a project to evaluate the economics of lighting seedling plugs. Experiments were run in 2001 and 2002 in a commercial greenhouse in New Jersey with plugs shipped to the University of New Hampshire for post-transplant evaluation. The 2001 trial showed a strong response to high-pressure sodium lighting for petunias and impatiens with ten days earlier flowering on petunia after transplanting into bedding plant flats.

NY Preliminary experiments have begun to quantify the quantity and quality of tomato grown under supplemental lighting with and without a consistent daily light integral. These experiments are being done in cooperation with a commercial tomato grower.


(c) To improve greenhouse wastewater treatment through the use of constructed wetlands, or phytoremediation (NE, NJ, NY, PA).

None.

Dissertations, Theses (Published)

Fleisher, D.H. (Advisor: Ting, K.C.) 2001. Crop Modeling for Multiple Crop Production andControl forAadvanced Life Support Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University.

Hsiang, H. (Advisor: Ting, K.C.) 2001. Top-Level Modeling of aFood Processing and Nutrition (FPN) Component of an Advanced Life Support System (ALSS). M.S. Thesis, Rutgers University.

Willkerson, E.G. 2002. Media Temperature Effects on Root Development and Water Update during Poinsettia Propagation. M.S. Thesis. University of Kentucky.

Books (Published)

Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies, Jr. and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Hartmann and Kesters Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Seventh Edition.

Book Chapters (Published)

Gent, M.P.N. and R.J. McAvoy. 2000. Plant growth retardants in ornamental horticulture in Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture: Their Role and Commercial Uses. A.S. Basra, editor. Good Products Press, New York. pp. 89-146

Li, Y., Y.H. Wu, R.J. McAvoy, and H. Duan. 2001. Transgenics in Crops in Biotechnology Annual Review Vol. 7, M. R. EL-Gewely, editor. Elsevier Science B.V., The Netherlands. pp. 239-260.

Siriwitayawan, G., M. Dutt, S.T. Kester, A.B. Downie and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Seed ageing in tomato reduces the capacity of seeds to produce ethylene while priming increases ethylene evolution during germination. In: K.J. Bradford, D. Come, G. Nicolas and H. Pritchard, eds. The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances. CAB International.

Refereed Journal Articles (Published)

Albright, L.D., R.S. Gates, K.G. Arvanitis and A. Brysdale. 2001. Environmental control for plants on Earth and in space. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 21(5): 28-47.

Bible, B.B. and R.J. McAvoy. 2000. Calcium-boron regimes affect incidence of post harvest disorders on poinsettia bracts. HortScience 35(3): 457.

Bible, B.B. and R.J. McAvoy. 2000. Differential response of two poinsettia cultivars to calcium stress for post-harvest disorders. HortScience 35(3): 457.

Ciolkosz, D.E., A.J. Both, and L.D. Albright. 2002. Selection and placement of greenhouse luminaries for uniformity. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 17(6): 06-113.

Ciolkosz, D.E., A.J. Both and L.D. Albright. 2001. Selection and placement of greenhouse luminaries for uniformity. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 17(6): 106-113.

Clough, E.A., A.C. Cameron, R.D. Heins and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Growth and development of Oenothera fruticosa is influenced by vernalization duration, photoperiod forcing temperature, and plant growth regulators. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(3): 269-274.

Ellis, D., R.J. McAvoy, L.A. Ayyash, M. Flanagan and M. Ciomperlik. 2001. Evaluation of serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for biological control of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisis argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), on poinsettia. The Florida Entomologist 84(2): 15-221.

Fleisher, D.H. and H. Baruh. 2001. An optimal control trategy for crop growth in advanced life support systems. Life Support & Biosphere Science. 8: 43-53.

Gates, R.S., K. Chao and N. Sigrimis. 2001. Identifying design parameters for fuzzy control of staged ventilation control systems. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31: 61-74.

Geneve, R. and S.T. Kester. 2001. Evaluation of seedling size following germination using computer-aided analysis of digital images from a flat bed scanner. HortScience 36: 117-20.

Hayashi, T., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Ethephon influences flowering, height, and branching of several herbaceous perennials. Scientia Horticulurae 91: 305-323.

Held, D., D.A. Potter, R.S. Gates and R.G. Anderson. 2000. Modified atmosphere treatments as a potential disinfestation technique for arthropod pests in greenhouses. J. Econ. Entomology 94(2): 430-438.

Kacira, M. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Design and development of an automated and non-contact sensing system for continuous monitoring of plant health and growth. Transactions of the ASAE 44(4): 989-996.

Kang, S., K.C. Ting and A.J. Both. 2001. Systems studies and modeling of advance life support systems. Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 2(2): 41-49.

Kim, Y. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Machine visions guided sensor positioning system for leaf temperature assessment. Transactions of the ASAE 44(6): 19411947.

Kirnak, H. and T.H. Short. 2001. An evapotranspiration model for nursery plants grown in a lysimeter under field conditions. Turkish Journal for Agriculture and Forestry 25(1): 57-63.

Lee, In-Bok, T.H. Short, S. Sase, and S. Lee. 2001. Evaluation of computational fluid dynamics for analysis of aerodynamics in naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouses. Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Korea 1(2): 73-80.

Lee, In-Bok and T.H. Short. 2001. Verification of computational fluid dynamic temperature simulations in a full-scale naturally ventilated greenhouse. Transactions of the ASAE 44(1): 119-127.

McAvoy, R.J. and B.B. Bible. 2000. Relationship of bract boron content and boron application to bract necrosis of poinsettia. HortScience 35(3): 457.

Niu, G., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Temperature and daily light integral influence plant quality and flower development of Campanula carpatica Blue Clips, Deep Blue Clips, and Campanula Birch Hybrid. HortScience 36(4): 664-668.

Niu, G., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Day and night temperatures, daily light integral and CO2 enrichment affect growth and flower development of Campanula carpatica Blue Clips. Scientia Horticulturae 87(1-2): 93-105.

Palaniswamy, U.R., R.J. McAvoy and B.B. Bible. 2001. Stage of harvest and polyunsaturated essential fatty acid concentrations in purslane (Portulaca oleraceae) Leaves. J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49(7): 3490-3493.

Palaniswamy, U.R. and R.J. McAvoy. 2001. Watercress: a salad crop with chemopreventive potential. Hort Technology 11(4): 622-626.

Palaniswamy, U.R., R.J. McAvoy and B.B. Bible. 2001. Omega-3-fatty acid concentration in (Portulaca oleracea) is altered by photosynthetic photon flux.. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(5): 537-543

Palaniswamy, U.R., R.J. McAvoy and B.B. Bible. 2000. Leaf yield and fatty acid composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracaea L.) at different growth stages. J. Tropical Agriculture 38(2000): 1-4.

Palaniswamy, U.R., R.J. McAvoy and B.B. Bible. 2000. Omega-3-fatty acid concentration in Portulaca oleracea L. is altered by nitrogen source in hydroponic solution. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125(2): 190-194.

Palaniswamy, U.R. and R.J. McAvoy. 2001. Watercress: a salad crop with chompreventive potential. Hort Technology 11(4): 494.

Prenger, J.J., R.P. Fynn and R.C. Hansen. 2002. An evaluation of four evapotranspiration models. Transactions of the ASAE 45(6): 1779-1788.

Runkle, E.S. and R.D. Heins. 2001. Specific functions of red, far red, and blue light in flowering and stem extension of long-day plants. J Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(3): 275-282.

Runkle, E.S., R.D. Hein, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Photocontrol of flowering and stem extension of the intermediate-day plant Echinacea purpurea. Physiologia Plantarum 112 : 433-441.

Whitman, C.M., R.D. Heins, R. Moe, K.A. Funnell. 2001. GA4+7 plus benzyladenine reduce foliar chlorosis of Lilium longiflorum. Scientia Horticulturae 891: 43-154.

Zolnier, S., R. S. Gates, R. G. Anderson, S. E. Nokes and G. A. Duncan. 2001. Non-water-stressed baseline as a tool for dynamic control of a misting system for propagation of poinsettias. Transactions of the ASAE 44(1): 137-147.

Zolnier, S., R.S. Gates, R.L. Geneve and J.W. Buxton. 2001. Surface diffusive resistances of rooted poinsettia cuttings under controlled-environment conditions. Transactions of the ASAE 44(6): 1779-1787.

Symposium Proceedings Articles (Published)

Fleisher, D.H., H. Baruh and K.C. Ting. 2001. Model-based predictive control for biomass production in advanced life support. Proceedings of the 2nd IFAC-CIGR Workshop on Intelligent Control for Agricultural Applications. Bali, Indonesia. August 22-24. pp. 198-203.

Gent, M.P.N. 2001. Seasonal changes of water and nutrient use in greenhouse tomato. Proceedings New England Vegetable and Berry Conference, Sturbridge, MA. pp. 196-197.

Jensen, M.H. 2002. Hydroponics worldwide  a technical overview. Proceedings of Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-03-02.

Jensen, M.H. 2002. Steering your tomatoes. Proceedings of Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course. The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-05-02.

Jensen, M.H. 2002. Automated environmental control: thermostats to computers. Proceedings of Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course. The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-06-02.

Kania, S.T. and G.A. Giacomelli. 2002. Solar radiation availability for plant growth in Arizona controlled environment agriculture systems. Proceedings of the 30th National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture. February 2326. pp. 66-71. Paper #P-125933-08-01.

Pagliarulo, C.L. and A.L. Hayden. 2001. Potential for greenhouse aeroponic cultivation of medicinal root crops. Proceedings of the 30th National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA American Society for Plasticulture. February 2326. pp. 47-53. Paper #P- 125933-09-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A., M.H. Jensen and G.A. Giacomelli. 2002. Production procedures for greenhouse tomatoes in Arizona with a focus on nutrition in hot climates. Proceedings of the 30th National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture. February 23- 26. pp. 54-59. Paper # P  125933-10-01

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2002. From seed to harvest: cultural practices of tomato production on rockwool with drip irrigation. Proceedings of the Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. January 20-23. Paper #E-125933-04-02.

Short, T.H., In-Bok Lee and R.R. Stowell. 2001. Naturally-ventilated greenhouse designs for optimum cooling. Proceedings of ISHS Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates. ISHS, Cartagena, Spain. March 7-11. Acta Horticulturae No.( ) (Accepted for publication).

Short, T.H. and In-Bok Lee. 2001. Temperature and airflow predictions for multi- span naturally ventilated greenhouses. Proceedings of International Symposium on Design and Environmental Control of Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses. ISHS, Taichung, Taiwan. April 15-18. p.18.

Short, T.H. 2001. An interactive decision model for hydroponic tomato production. Proceedings of International Symposium on Design and Environmental Control of Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses. ISHS, Taichung, Taiwan. April 15-18. p.35.

Ting, K.C. 2001. Concurrent science and engineering approach to decision support for controlled environment plant production. Proceedings of International Symposium on Design and Environmental Control of Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses. ISHS, Taichung, Taiwan. April 15-18. pp. 85-94.

Popular Articles (Published)

Albright, L.D., R.S. Gates, K.G. Arvanitis and A. E. Drysdale. 2001. Control strategies for plant shoot and root environments on Earth and in space. IEEE Control Systems Magazine: Agriculture and the Environment, 21(5): 28-47.

Fausey, B., A.C. Cameron and R.D. Heins. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: noteworthy plants. Greenhouse Grower 19(3): 92-96.

Fausey, B., E. Runkle, A.C. Cameron, R.D. Heins, W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: heuchera. Greenhouse Grower 19(6): 50-62.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2001. Manuscript of spotlight on University of Arizona to Laura Henne, associate editor, Greenhouse Grower magazine. Greenhouse Grower 19(10): 82-86. Paper #M-125933-17-01

Giacomelli, G.A. 2002. Introduction to greenhouse glazing. Written for Chris Beytes of Grower Talks magazine for Ball Redbook. Paper #M-125933-01-02.

Joeright, D., C. Whitman, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron, W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: plant growth regulators. Greenhouse Grower 19(8): 84-96.

Joeright, D., D. Tschirhart, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron, W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: propagation. Greenhouse Grower 19(4): 38-45.

Niu, G., E. Runkle, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: light. Greenhouse Grower 19(1): 134-143.

Niu, G., R.D. Heins and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Keeping freedom under control. Greenhouse Grower 19(10): 88-96.

Niu, G., T. Griffing, E. Runkle, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. Greenhouse Grower 19(12): 96-100.

Niu, G., E. Runkle, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Pachysandra terminalis. Greenhouse Grower 19(13): 86-90.

Roberts, W.J. 2001. Let the sunshine in. Resource Magazine. July issue. Pp. 7-8.

Runkle, Erik, Royal Heins, Arthur Cameron, William Carlson. 2001. Horticultural flowering of herbaceous perennials. Flowering Newsletter 31: 34-43.

Runkle, E.S. and R.D. Heins. 2001. Timing spring crops. Greenhouse Grower 19(4): 64-66.

Runkle, E.S., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Phlox subulata. Greenhouse Grower 19(9): 80-85.

Runkle, E.S., R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Scabiosa columbaria. Greenhouse Grower 19(10): 70-76.

Short, T.H. 2001. How to control energy costs. Greenhouse Management & Production (GMPRO) Magazine 21(4): Feature article for April issue.

Whitman, C.M., B. Fausey, E.S. Runkle, R.D. Heins, A.C. Cameron and W.H. Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Oxalis crassipes Rosea. Greenhouse Grower 19(14): 77-84.

Presentations (Papers)

Al-Arifi, A., T.H. Short and P.P. Ling. 2001. Validating the CFD model for air movements and heat transfer in ventilated greenhouses. Paper No. 01-4056. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Both, A.J., E. Reiss, D.R. Mears and W.J. Roberts. 2001. Open-roof greenhouse design with heated ebb and flood floor. ASAE paper No. 01-4158. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joeseph, MI 49085-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-03232-15-01. 13 pp.

Chen, Y. and P.P. Ling. 2001. A portable drought stress monitoring system for greenhouse New Guinea Impatiens production. Paper No. 01-4082. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Chen, Y. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Evaluation of HSI colorimetric system for intensity invariant spectral feature extraction. Paper No. 01-3108. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Fleisher, D.H., S. Kang and K.C. Ting. 2001. Software for multiple crop production in advanced life support systems. Paper No. 01-4084. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Fleisher, D.H., S. Kang and K.C. Ting. 2001. Software for multiple crop production in advanced life support systems. ASAE Paper No. 01-4184. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Jospeh, MI 49085-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-70501-08-01.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2001. Greenhouse structures and nonmetal control for the gardener. Presentation at Prescott AZ Highlands Master Gardeners Conference, Oct 8. Paper #E-125933-13-01.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2002. Considerations for energy management of greenhouse heating and cooling. Presentation to the Southern Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association Conference, July 19  20. Shreveport, L.A. Paper #E-125933-16-01.

Hsiang, H., S. Kang, A.J. Both, and K.C. Ting. 2001. Analysis tool for food processing and nutrition (FPN) subsystem in advanced life support system. Paper No. 01-3020. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Kang, S. and A.J. Both. 2001. A management information system for food nutritional analysis and biomass production in an advanced life support system. ASAE paper No. 01-3021. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA.

Kang, S. and J.A. Hogan. 2001. Optimization of feedstock composition and pre-processing for composting in advance life support systems. Presented at the 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 9-12, Orlando, FL. SAE Technical paper No. 2001-01-2297.

Ogor, Y. 2001. Analysis of the tomato crop production inside a controlled environment system. Ecole Superieure dIngenieurs et de Techniciens pour lAgriculture, Rouen, France. Report to the Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC) for 4-month internship program Paper #R  125933-07-01.

Prenger J. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Suppressing disease in greenhouses with dehumidification: strategy for air-heated, forced ventilation houses. Paper No. 01-8016. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Prenger, J.J., R.C. Hansen, C. Glynn and D.A. Herms. 2001. Computer-controlled delivery of five levels of nutrients to container-grown willow. Paper No. 01-8013. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Prenger, J.J., R.P. Fynn and R.C. Hansen. 2001. An evaluation of four evapotranspiration models. Paper No. 01-8010. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Ramalingam, N., P.P. Ling, and R.C. Derksen. 2001. Leaf surface moisture detection using multi-spectral imaging. Paper No. 01-3004. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Reiss, E., W.J. Roberts and A.J. Both. 2001. Design and construction of an open-roof greenhouse with heated ebb and flood floor irrigation system. Presented at the CSAE/SCGR-NABEC Meeting in Guelph, Ontario, July 8-11, 2001. NABEC Paper No. 01-916.

Rodriguez, L.F., C. Finn, S. Kang, J. Hogan. 2001. Modeling of a composting system within BIO-Plex. Presented at the 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 9-12, Orlando, FL. SAE Technical Paper No. 2001-01-2323.

Short T.H., J. lvey and H.M. Keener. 2001. Development of an interactive hydroponic tomato production model for Internet Users. . Paper No. 01-8014. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Yang, Y. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Multi-spectral plant drought stress detection: PROSPECT model calibration. Paper No. 013074. Presented at the 94th Annual International Meeting of the ASAE, Sacramento, California, July 29-August 1. ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Other Creative Works

Donnell, M. and T.H. Short. 2001. An interactive economic analysis and business plan for hydroponic lettuce production. Program was developed on an OSUE hydroponics homepage site.

Prenger J. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Greenhouse condensation control  understanding and using vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, AEX-804-2001. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

Johnson-Rutzke, C.F., R.P. Glahn, M.A. Rutske, R. M. Wheeler, R.M. Welch, R.W. Langhans, L.D. Albright and G.F. Combs, Jr. 2002. Light quality effects on the nutritional value of spinach plants. NASA TM 2002-210268, John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL. 26 pp.

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2002. From seed to harvest, Information Sheet  Sections 1- 18, Science Alive Program. January 4-6.

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2002. From seed to harvest, Information Sheet  Sections 1- 18, Science Alive Program. January 4-6. Paper #E-125933-02-02

Rorabaugh, P.A. and M.H. Jensen. 2001. A trial to test heat tolerant tomato varieties for use in desert climates. Final report of tomato Variety trail 2000-2001. October 10, 2001. Paper #R-125933-15-01.

Workshop Sponsor

Ling, P.P. 2001. Greenhouse Engineering Workshop  Environmental Control. Wooster, OH 44691. This 2-day workshop attracted 55 participants from 10 North American states/provinces. Feb 27-28.

Workshop Participant

Fleisher, D.H., H. Baruh and K.C. Ting. 2001. Model-based predictive control for biomass production in advanced life support. Presented at the IFAC-CIGR Workshop on Intelligent Control for Agricultural Applications, August 22-24, Bali, Indonesia. NJAES Paper No. D-70501-10-1.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2001. Greenhouse structures. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E 125933-04-01.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2001. Greenhouse environmental control. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E 125933-05-01.

Giacomelli, G.A. 2001. Nutrient delivery systems and irrigation. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E 125933-06-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2001. Basic principles of hydroponics. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-02-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2001. Plant nutrition. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-02-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A. 2001. Plant protection in the greenhouse. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-03-01.

Refereed Journal Articles (Pending)

Both, A.J., D.E. Ciolkosz and L.D. Albright. 2002. Light uniformity underneath supplemental lighting systems. Acta Horticulture (in press).

Both, A.J., D.E. Ciolkosz and L.D. Albright. 2001. Evaluation of light uniformity underneath supplemental lighting systems. Accepted for publication in Acta Horticulturae.

Cavazzoni, J., F. Tubiello, T. Volk and O. Monje. 2001 (in review). Modeling the effect of diffuse light on canopy photosynthesis in controlled environments. Submitted to Acta Horticulture.

Ciolkosz, D.E., L.D. Albright, J.C. Sager and R.W. Langhans. 2002. A model for plant lighting system selection. Trans. of the ASAE (in press).

Dutt, M. and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Elevated levels of ethylene during germination reduces the time to radical emergence in impatiens. Acta Horticulturae, in review.

Ferentinos, K.P. and L.D. Albright. 2002. Modeling pH and electrical conductivity in hydroponics using artificial neural networks. Acta Horticulture (in press).

Ferentinos, K.P., L.D. Albright and B. Spelman. 2002. Predictive neural network modeling of pH and electrical conducitivity in deep-trough hydroponics. Trans. of the ASAE (in review).

Fleisher, D.H., J. Cavazzoni, G.A. Giocomelli and K.C. Ting. 2001. Adaptation of SUBSTOR for hydroponic production of white potato in controlled environments. Submitted to Transactions of the ASAE.

Fleisher, D.H. and K.C. Ting. 2001. Modeling and control of plant production in advanced life support systems. Accepted for publication in Acta Horticulturae.

Gent, M.P.N. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and potassium supply on yield and tissue composition of greenhouse tomato. Submitted to Acta Horiculturae.

Geneve, R.L., R.S. Gates, S. Zolnier, E. Wilkerson, and S.T. Kester. 2002. Environmental control systems for mist propagation of cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, submitted.

Geneve, R.L., K.W. Pomper, S.T. Kester, J.N. Egilla, C.L.H. Finneseth, S. Crabtree, and D.R. Layne. 2002. Propagation of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) - a Review. HortTechnology (approved for publication).

Glynn, C., D.A. Herms, M. Egawa, R.C. Hansen and W.J. Mattson. 2002. Effects of nutrient availability on carbon allocation and constitutive and rapid-induced herbivore resistance of black poplar: a test of the Growth/Differentiation Balance Hypothesis. Oikos (approved for publication).

Kacira M., P.P. Ling and T.H. Short. 2002. Machine vision extracted plant movement for early detection of plant water stress. Transactions of the ASAE. Submitted for publication.

Mears, D.R. and A.J. Both. 2001. Insect screening and positive pressure ventilation for tropical and subtropical greenhouse facilities. Keynote presentation and Proceedings of the International Symposium on Design and Environmental Control of Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses, Taichung, Taiwan. April 15-18, 2001. Submitted to Acta Horticulturae.

Siriwitayawan, G., A.B. Downie, and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Ethylene evolution is positively correlated with seed vigor in sweet corn and tomato seed lots with differing vigor levels but similar germination capacity. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science. In review.

Wilkerson, E.G. and R.S. Gates. 2002. Controlled environment system for studying root zone temperature effects on cutting propagation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. In review.