SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: NC129 : Mycotoxins in Cereal Grains
- Period Covered: 01/01/2001 to 12/01/2001
- Date of Report: 04/22/2002
- Annual Meeting Dates: 04/08/2002 to 04/09/2002
Participants
Usefulness of Findings
Results reported for 2001 will extend existing knowledge about the toxicity and occupancy of a wide variety of Fusarium mycotoxins in grains. Progress has been made in insect/ fungi relationships beyond the issue of fumonisins in grain, for a more comprehensive model including mycotoxins in silage and stored grain. Research reported in 2001 demonstrates the potential usefulness of using ozone in managing stored maize and possibly other grains. The data indicate that, if repeated ozone treatments are needed, such treatment should not decrease the quality of grain for end-users. A number of unique molecular targets and pathways affected by fumonisin have been identified. For example, it has been shown that fumonisin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in normal cells. Such studies will improve our understanding of the mechanism behind FB1 toxicity and the role of sphingolipids in signal transduction processes. Current data obtained in long term low dose feeding study using purified fumonisin B1 suggest that concerns regarding potential fumonisin B1 induced atherosclerotic effects do not appear warranted. Isolation and characterization of Fusarium genes involved in mycotoxin synthesis continues to aid efforts to control mycotoxin formation in food crops. New technologies and methods for mycotoxin analysis have provided either better, easier or quicker means to detect mycotoxins in foods. Some of our efforts have been toward developing a means to clone fusaric acid biosynthesis genes. Cloned genes would permit the construction of gene knock-out strains that would be useful for a wide range of studies involving fungal interaction with plant species and potentially in animal studies as well. The cooperative approach used by NC-129 contributors is essential to efforts to control mycotoxin formation in food crops.
Work Planned for Next Year
1. Work will continue on the evaluation of the toxic effects of fumonisins and how they might be mitigated. Studies will continue on the acute toxicity of amine-blocked forms of FB1 in swine and rats. Evaluation of potential methods for nixtamalization of corn which will not result in hydrolysis of fumonisin B1 contaminants. Evaluation of potential binders of N-fatty acyl-hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 in extracts from hot oil generated during frying of corn-derived food products. The presence of hydrolyzed FB1 and its derivatives in corn products will continue.
2. The molecular biology of fumonisin biosynthesis remains a priority. Efforts to evaluate newly identified Fusarium strains with regard to mycotoxin production, will continue.
3. Studies will continue on the potential of the adsorbent clays and bacterial enzymes to bind or destroy mycotoxins. Studies will continue on the production of Fusarium verticilloides mycotoxins and feeding studies in poultry and turkeys.
4. Work will continue on the peptide mimic of DON, including the development of transgenic plants, and a determination of the possible role the mimic may have in reducing the toxic effects of DON. Development of recombinant antibody to DON will continue, as will a study to determine the effect of sampling patterns on the estimation of DON levels in individual fields. Trichothecenes will be tested in cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity assays for structure-activity relationships. Rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassays will be developed for FB1 and DON.
5. Attempts are still in progress on methods to increase the resistance of maize to fungal disease by inserting and expressing a gene that provides antifungal proteins in the corn pedicel. The seed transmission and systemic infection of maize by Fusarium species will continue to be studied. F. verticillioides transformants will screened for defects in fusaric acid biosynthesis..
Results reported for 2001 will extend existing knowledge about the toxicity and occupancy of a wide variety of Fusarium mycotoxins in grains. Progress has been made in insect/ fungi relationships beyond the issue of fumonisins in grain, for a more comprehensive model including mycotoxins in silage and stored grain. Research reported in 2001 demonstrates the potential usefulness of using ozone in managing stored maize and possibly other grains. The data indicate that, if repeated ozone treatments are needed, such treatment should not decrease the quality of grain for end-users. A number of unique molecular targets and pathways affected by fumonisin have been identified. For example, it has been shown that fumonisin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in normal cells. Such studies will improve our understanding of the mechanism behind FB1 toxicity and the role of sphingolipids in signal transduction processes. Current data obtained in long term low dose feeding study using purified fumonisin B1 suggest that concerns regarding potential fumonisin B1 induced atherosclerotic effects do not appear warranted. Isolation and characterization of Fusarium genes involved in mycotoxin synthesis continues to aid efforts to control mycotoxin formation in food crops. New technologies and methods for mycotoxin analysis have provided either better, easier or quicker means to detect mycotoxins in foods. Some of our efforts have been toward developing a means to clone fusaric acid biosynthesis genes. Cloned genes would permit the construction of gene knock-out strains that would be useful for a wide range of studies involving fungal interaction with plant species and potentially in animal studies as well. The cooperative approach used by NC-129 contributors is essential to efforts to control mycotoxin formation in food crops.
Work Planned for Next Year
1. Work will continue on the evaluation of the toxic effects of fumonisins and how they might be mitigated. Studies will continue on the acute toxicity of amine-blocked forms of FB1 in swine and rats. Evaluation of potential methods for nixtamalization of corn which will not result in hydrolysis of fumonisin B1 contaminants. Evaluation of potential binders of N-fatty acyl-hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 in extracts from hot oil generated during frying of corn-derived food products. The presence of hydrolyzed FB1 and its derivatives in corn products will continue.
2. The molecular biology of fumonisin biosynthesis remains a priority. Efforts to evaluate newly identified Fusarium strains with regard to mycotoxin production, will continue.
3. Studies will continue on the potential of the adsorbent clays and bacterial enzymes to bind or destroy mycotoxins. Studies will continue on the production of Fusarium verticilloides mycotoxins and feeding studies in poultry and turkeys.
4. Work will continue on the peptide mimic of DON, including the development of transgenic plants, and a determination of the possible role the mimic may have in reducing the toxic effects of DON. Development of recombinant antibody to DON will continue, as will a study to determine the effect of sampling patterns on the estimation of DON levels in individual fields. Trichothecenes will be tested in cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity assays for structure-activity relationships. Rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassays will be developed for FB1 and DON.
5. Attempts are still in progress on methods to increase the resistance of maize to fungal disease by inserting and expressing a gene that provides antifungal proteins in the corn pedicel. The seed transmission and systemic infection of maize by Fusarium species will continue to be studied. F. verticillioides transformants will screened for defects in fusaric acid biosynthesis..
[Minutes]
Accomplishments
Impacts
Publications
Publications
* Indicates publications with multi-location authors.
A. State Station, Agency, or On-Line Publications
1. Cardwell, K.F., Desjardins, A., Henry, S.H., Munkvold, G., and Robens, J. 2001. Mycotoxins: The Cost of Achieving Food Security and Food Quality. APSNet Feature article, Aug 2001. http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/mycotoxin/
2. Hart, L. P. and O. Schabenberger. 2001. Early detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat grain. 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Proceedings. P 164-167. Cincinnati, OH.
3. Xie, W., P. Hart, P. Schwarz, and B. Tacke. 2001. Update on DON diagnostic services in 2000/2001. 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Proceedings. P 171-174. Cincinnati, OH.
4. Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, and Bermudez AJ. In vitro binding of mycotoxins by adsorbents does not always translate into in vivo efficacy. Mycotoxins and Phytotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium, Koe WJ, Samson RA, Egmond HPV, Gilbert J, and Sabino M, eds. Proceedings of the Xth IUPAC symposium, May 21-25, 2000, Guaruja, Brazil, pp. 279-287, 2001.
5. Lui, H.-J. Role and modulation factors of natural killer cells during fumonisin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Ph.D. thesis. Iowa State University Library, Ames, IA.
6. Mubatanhema, W. and Wilson, D.M., 2001. Detection, Control and Management of Mycotoxins in Southern Africa, A Training Manual, Published on the Peanut CRSP web page http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/pnutcrsp.html. 71 pages.
7. Mubatanhema, W, Wilson, D.M., Widstom, N.W. and Holbrook, C.C., 2001 (abstract), A simplified HPLC method for field and research screening of aflatoxin in corn and peanut. Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop, Phoenix, AZ.
8. Munkvold, G.P., Hellmich, R.L., and Rice, L.G. 2001. Effects of Bt transformation events on Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins, 1999. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases, 2001:C2. http://www.scisoc.org/online/B&Ctests/2001/top.htm
9. Punia, R. C., Dahiya, O. S., Wilson, D. M., and Wilson, J. P. 2000. Propionic acid treatment prolongs storage and reduces rancidity of pearl millet feed grain. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter 4180-81.
10. Wilson, D.M., Mubtanhema, W., and Jurjevic, Z. 2001. Biology and ecology of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species as related to economic and health concerns. In Mycotoxins in Food. Eds. L.S. Jackson, M.W. Trucksess and J.W. DeVries, Plenum, New York. pp 195-204.
B. Journal Articles
1. Abbas, H.K., H. Tak, C.D. Boyette, W.T. Shier, B. B. Jarvis, S. F. Hinkley, and H. L. Walker (2001) Absence of macrocyclic trichothecenes from kudzu plants treated with a high-producing isolate of Myrothecium verrucaria. Phytochemistry, 58, 269-276.
2. Bai, G.-H., Plattner, R., Desjardins, A, Kolb, F. Resistance to Fusarium Head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. Plant Breeding. 2001. v. 120. pp. 1-6.
3. Brown, D.W., McCormick, S.P., Alexander, N.J., Proctor, R.H., Desjardins, A.E. A genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 2001. v. 32. pp. 121-133.
4. Buntin, G.D., Lee, R.D., Wilson, D.M. and McPherson, R.M. 2001. Evaluation of yeildguard transgenic resistance for control of fall armyworm and corn earworm (Lepidoptera noctuidae) on corn. Florida Entomoligist 8438-42.
5. Calvo A, Gardner H W, Keller N P (2001) Genetic connection between fatty acid metabolism and sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans. J Biol Chem. 276:25766-25774.
6. Dakovic AS, Tomasevic-Canovic MR, Dondur VT, Stojsic DG, and Rottinghaus GE. In vitro adsorption of zearalenone by octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium exchanged clinoptilolite-heulandite tuff and bentonite. Studies Surface Science Catalysis. 135:5276-5283, 2001.
7. Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A., Dvorak, T.J., Barron, M.E., Rooney, L.W. Effect of nixtamalization (alkaline cooking) on fumonisin-contaminated corn for production of masa and tortillas. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000. v. 48. p. 5781-5786.
8. Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A., Gomez-Flores, R., Weber, R.J. Activation of rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions by fumonisin B1. Immunopharmacology. 2000. v. 49. p. 401-409.
9. Fakhoury, A. M. and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Inhibition of growth of Aspergillus flavus and fungal alpha-amylases by a lectin-like protein from Lablab purpureus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 18:955-961.
10. Gardner, H.W., Grove, M. Method to produce 9(S)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids by maize lipoxygenase. Lipids. 2001. v. 36. p. 529-533.
11. Gardner, H.W., Deighton, N. Effect of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal on soybean lipoxygenase-1. Lipids. 2001. v. 36. p. 623-628
12. Gumprecht, L. A., G. W. Smith, P. C. Constable, and W. M. Haschek (2001). Species and organ specificity of fumonisin-induced endothelial alterations: Potential role in porcine pulmonary edema. Toxicology 160:71-79.
13. Haschek, W. M., L. A. Gumprecht, G. Smith, M. E. Tumbleson, P. D. Constable (2001). Fumonisin toxicosis in swine: An overview of porcine pulmonary edema and current perspectives. Env Hlth Persp. 109 (suppl 2):251-257.
14. Harvey RB, Edrington TS, Kubena LF, Rottinghaus GE, Turk JR, Genovese KJ, and Nisbet DJ. Toxicity of moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material to growing swine. J Food Protection 64:1780-1784.
15. * Haschek, W. M., K. A. Voss, V. R. Beasley. (2001) Selected Mycotoxins Affecting Animal and Human Health. In: Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. 2nd Edn. W. M. Haschek, C. G. Rousseaux, M. A. Wallig, eds.. Academic Press.
16. Hicks J, Lockington R A, Strauss J, Dieringer D, Kubicek C, Kelly J, Keller N (2001) RcoA has pleiotropic effects on Aspergillus nidulans cellular developmental. Mol Microbiol 39:1482-1493.
17. Hill NS, Thompson FN, Stuedemann JA, Rottinghaus GE, Ju HJ, Dawe DL and Hiatt EE. Ergot alkaloid transport across ruminant digestive tissues. J Animal Sci 79:542-549, 2001.
18. Holbrook, C.C., Kvein, C.K., Rucker, K.S., Wilson, D.M., Hook, J.E. and Matheron, M.E. 2000. Preharvest aflatoxin contamination in drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant peanut genotypes. Peanut Sci. 2745-48.
19. Ito, Y., Peterson, S.W., Wicklow, D.T., Goto, T. Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a new aflatoxin producing species in Aspergillus section Flavi. Mycological Res. 2001. v. 105. p. 233-239.
20. Jindal N, Mahipal SK, Rottinghaus GE. Occurrence of fumonisin B1 in maize and poultry feeds in Haryana, India. Mycopathologia, 148(1):37-40, 2000.
21. Kells, S. A., Mason, L. J., Maier, D. E., and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Efficacy and fumigation characteristics of ozone in stored maize. J. Stored Prod. Res. 37:371-382.
22. Klich M, Mendoza C, Mullaney E, Keller N, Bennett J (2001) A new sterigmatoycstin-producing Emericella taxon from agricultural desert soils. Sys Appl Microbiol 24:131-138.
23. Kubena LF, Bailey RH, Byrd JA, Young CR, Corrier DE, Stanker LH,and Rottinghaus GE. Cecal volatile fatty acids and broiler chick susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium colonization as affected by aflatoxins and T-2 toxin. Poultry Sci 80:411-417, 2001.
24. Liu, H.-J., Lu, Y., Haynes, J. S., Cunnick, J. E., Murphy, P., Hendrich, S. Reaction of fumonisin with glucose prevents promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in female F344/N rats while maintaining normal hepatic sphinganine:sphingosine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 4113 4121
25. Maragos, C.M., Jolley, M.E., Plattner, R.D., Nasir, M.S. Fluorescence polarization as a means for determination of fumonisins in maize. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001. v. 49. p. 596-602.
26. Maragos, C.M. Novel sensors for detecting mycotoxins in foods. Mycotoxins. 2001. v. 51. p. 51-58.
27. McAlpin, C.E. An Aspergillus flavus mutant producing stipitate sclerotia and synnemata. Mycologia. 2001. v. 93. p. 552-565.
28. Momany, F.A., Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A. Molecular dynamics simulations on the mycotoxin fumonisin B1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001. v. 49. p. 1056-1061.
29. * Mathur, S., P. D. Constable, R. M. Eppley, A. L. Waggoner, M. E. Tumbleson, and W. M. Haschek (2001). Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in mild fed calves. Toxicol. Sci. 60:385-396.
30. * Mathur, S., P. D. Constable, R. M. Eppley, M. E. Tumbleson, G. W. Smith, W. J. Tranquilli, D. E. Morin, and W. M. Haschek (2001). Fumonisin B1 increases serum sphinganine concentration but does not alter serum sphingosine concentration or induce cardiovascular changes in milk fed calves. Toxicol. Sci. 60:379-384.
31. Ones, C., Ciacci-Zanella, J.R., Zhang, Y., Henderson, G., and Dickman, M.B. 2001. Analysis of fumonisin induced apoptosis. Environmental Health Perspectives 109:1-7.
32. Plattner, R.D. HPLC/MS analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Natural Toxins. 2000. v. 8. p. 1-6.
33. Porter, J.K., C.W. Bacon, E.M. Wray, G.A. Kuldau, and J.F. Leslie. 2001. Fusaric acid (FA), other alkyl-pyridinecarboxylic acids (APAs), and fumonisins by Fusarium thapsinum and F. moniliforme: GC/MS analysis. In: Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millenium. W. J. de Koe, R. A. Samson, H. P. van Egmond, J. Gilbert and M. Sabino eds. W. J. de Koe, Wageningen, Netherlands.
34. Shier, W.T., A.C. Shier, W. Xie and C.J. Mirocha (2001) Structure-activity relationships for human estrogenic activity in zearalenone mycotoxins. Toxicon, 39, 1435-1438.
35. Shim, W-B. and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Regulation of fumonisin B1 biosynthesis and conidiation in Fusarium verticillioides by a cyclin-like (C-type) gene FCC1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1607-1612.
36. Shimizu K., Keller N. P. (2001) Genetic involvement of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in a G protein signaling pathway regulating morphological and chemical transitions in Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 157: 591-600.
37. * Smith, G. W., P. D. Constable, R. M. Eppley, M. E. Tumbleson, L. A. Gumprecht, and W. M. Haschek (2000) Purified fumonisin B1 decreases cardiovascular function but does not alter pulmonary capillary permeability in swine. Toxicol. Sci. 56:240-249.
38. Soman, A.G., Gloer, J.B., Angawi, R.F., Wicklow, D.T., Dowd, P.F. Vertilecanins: new phenopicolinic acid analogs from Verticillium lecanii. J. Nat. Products. 2001. v. 64. p. 189-192.
39. Tooley, P.W., E. D. Goley, M. M. Carras, R. D. Frderick, E. L. Weber, and G. A. Kuldau. 2001. Characterization of Claviceps species pathogenic on sorghum by sequence analysis of the _-tubulin gene intron 3 region and EF-1_ gene intron 4. Mycologia 93(3): 541-551.
40. Wicklow, D.T., Kurtzman, C.P. In Memorium - Clifford W. Hesseltine (1917-1999). Mycotoxins. 2000. v. 50. p. 1-2.
41. Wilson R A, Gardner H W, Keller N P (2001) Cultivar-dependent expression of a maize lipoxygenase responsive to seed infesting fungi. Mol. Plant Microbe. Inter. 14:980-987.
42. Yu, G., L. Chen, W. Xie (2001) Correlation of Trichothecene Production and Pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 24:1-5.
43. Zhang, Y., Jones, C., and Dickman, M.B. 2001. Identification of differentially expressed genes following treatment of monkey kidney cells with the mycotoxin fumonisin B1. Food Chem. Toxicol. 39:45-53.
* Indicates publications with multi-location authors.
A. State Station, Agency, or On-Line Publications
1. Cardwell, K.F., Desjardins, A., Henry, S.H., Munkvold, G., and Robens, J. 2001. Mycotoxins: The Cost of Achieving Food Security and Food Quality. APSNet Feature article, Aug 2001. http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/mycotoxin/
2. Hart, L. P. and O. Schabenberger. 2001. Early detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat grain. 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Proceedings. P 164-167. Cincinnati, OH.
3. Xie, W., P. Hart, P. Schwarz, and B. Tacke. 2001. Update on DON diagnostic services in 2000/2001. 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Proceedings. P 171-174. Cincinnati, OH.
4. Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, and Bermudez AJ. In vitro binding of mycotoxins by adsorbents does not always translate into in vivo efficacy. Mycotoxins and Phytotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millennium, Koe WJ, Samson RA, Egmond HPV, Gilbert J, and Sabino M, eds. Proceedings of the Xth IUPAC symposium, May 21-25, 2000, Guaruja, Brazil, pp. 279-287, 2001.
5. Lui, H.-J. Role and modulation factors of natural killer cells during fumonisin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Ph.D. thesis. Iowa State University Library, Ames, IA.
6. Mubatanhema, W. and Wilson, D.M., 2001. Detection, Control and Management of Mycotoxins in Southern Africa, A Training Manual, Published on the Peanut CRSP web page http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/pnutcrsp.html. 71 pages.
7. Mubatanhema, W, Wilson, D.M., Widstom, N.W. and Holbrook, C.C., 2001 (abstract), A simplified HPLC method for field and research screening of aflatoxin in corn and peanut. Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop, Phoenix, AZ.
8. Munkvold, G.P., Hellmich, R.L., and Rice, L.G. 2001. Effects of Bt transformation events on Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins, 1999. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases, 2001:C2. http://www.scisoc.org/online/B&Ctests/2001/top.htm
9. Punia, R. C., Dahiya, O. S., Wilson, D. M., and Wilson, J. P. 2000. Propionic acid treatment prolongs storage and reduces rancidity of pearl millet feed grain. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter 4180-81.
10. Wilson, D.M., Mubtanhema, W., and Jurjevic, Z. 2001. Biology and ecology of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species as related to economic and health concerns. In Mycotoxins in Food. Eds. L.S. Jackson, M.W. Trucksess and J.W. DeVries, Plenum, New York. pp 195-204.
B. Journal Articles
1. Abbas, H.K., H. Tak, C.D. Boyette, W.T. Shier, B. B. Jarvis, S. F. Hinkley, and H. L. Walker (2001) Absence of macrocyclic trichothecenes from kudzu plants treated with a high-producing isolate of Myrothecium verrucaria. Phytochemistry, 58, 269-276.
2. Bai, G.-H., Plattner, R., Desjardins, A, Kolb, F. Resistance to Fusarium Head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. Plant Breeding. 2001. v. 120. pp. 1-6.
3. Brown, D.W., McCormick, S.P., Alexander, N.J., Proctor, R.H., Desjardins, A.E. A genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 2001. v. 32. pp. 121-133.
4. Buntin, G.D., Lee, R.D., Wilson, D.M. and McPherson, R.M. 2001. Evaluation of yeildguard transgenic resistance for control of fall armyworm and corn earworm (Lepidoptera noctuidae) on corn. Florida Entomoligist 8438-42.
5. Calvo A, Gardner H W, Keller N P (2001) Genetic connection between fatty acid metabolism and sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans. J Biol Chem. 276:25766-25774.
6. Dakovic AS, Tomasevic-Canovic MR, Dondur VT, Stojsic DG, and Rottinghaus GE. In vitro adsorption of zearalenone by octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium exchanged clinoptilolite-heulandite tuff and bentonite. Studies Surface Science Catalysis. 135:5276-5283, 2001.
7. Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A., Dvorak, T.J., Barron, M.E., Rooney, L.W. Effect of nixtamalization (alkaline cooking) on fumonisin-contaminated corn for production of masa and tortillas. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000. v. 48. p. 5781-5786.
8. Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A., Gomez-Flores, R., Weber, R.J. Activation of rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions by fumonisin B1. Immunopharmacology. 2000. v. 49. p. 401-409.
9. Fakhoury, A. M. and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Inhibition of growth of Aspergillus flavus and fungal alpha-amylases by a lectin-like protein from Lablab purpureus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 18:955-961.
10. Gardner, H.W., Grove, M. Method to produce 9(S)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids by maize lipoxygenase. Lipids. 2001. v. 36. p. 529-533.
11. Gardner, H.W., Deighton, N. Effect of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal on soybean lipoxygenase-1. Lipids. 2001. v. 36. p. 623-628
12. Gumprecht, L. A., G. W. Smith, P. C. Constable, and W. M. Haschek (2001). Species and organ specificity of fumonisin-induced endothelial alterations: Potential role in porcine pulmonary edema. Toxicology 160:71-79.
13. Haschek, W. M., L. A. Gumprecht, G. Smith, M. E. Tumbleson, P. D. Constable (2001). Fumonisin toxicosis in swine: An overview of porcine pulmonary edema and current perspectives. Env Hlth Persp. 109 (suppl 2):251-257.
14. Harvey RB, Edrington TS, Kubena LF, Rottinghaus GE, Turk JR, Genovese KJ, and Nisbet DJ. Toxicity of moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material to growing swine. J Food Protection 64:1780-1784.
15. * Haschek, W. M., K. A. Voss, V. R. Beasley. (2001) Selected Mycotoxins Affecting Animal and Human Health. In: Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. 2nd Edn. W. M. Haschek, C. G. Rousseaux, M. A. Wallig, eds.. Academic Press.
16. Hicks J, Lockington R A, Strauss J, Dieringer D, Kubicek C, Kelly J, Keller N (2001) RcoA has pleiotropic effects on Aspergillus nidulans cellular developmental. Mol Microbiol 39:1482-1493.
17. Hill NS, Thompson FN, Stuedemann JA, Rottinghaus GE, Ju HJ, Dawe DL and Hiatt EE. Ergot alkaloid transport across ruminant digestive tissues. J Animal Sci 79:542-549, 2001.
18. Holbrook, C.C., Kvein, C.K., Rucker, K.S., Wilson, D.M., Hook, J.E. and Matheron, M.E. 2000. Preharvest aflatoxin contamination in drought-tolerant and drought-intolerant peanut genotypes. Peanut Sci. 2745-48.
19. Ito, Y., Peterson, S.W., Wicklow, D.T., Goto, T. Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a new aflatoxin producing species in Aspergillus section Flavi. Mycological Res. 2001. v. 105. p. 233-239.
20. Jindal N, Mahipal SK, Rottinghaus GE. Occurrence of fumonisin B1 in maize and poultry feeds in Haryana, India. Mycopathologia, 148(1):37-40, 2000.
21. Kells, S. A., Mason, L. J., Maier, D. E., and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Efficacy and fumigation characteristics of ozone in stored maize. J. Stored Prod. Res. 37:371-382.
22. Klich M, Mendoza C, Mullaney E, Keller N, Bennett J (2001) A new sterigmatoycstin-producing Emericella taxon from agricultural desert soils. Sys Appl Microbiol 24:131-138.
23. Kubena LF, Bailey RH, Byrd JA, Young CR, Corrier DE, Stanker LH,and Rottinghaus GE. Cecal volatile fatty acids and broiler chick susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium colonization as affected by aflatoxins and T-2 toxin. Poultry Sci 80:411-417, 2001.
24. Liu, H.-J., Lu, Y., Haynes, J. S., Cunnick, J. E., Murphy, P., Hendrich, S. Reaction of fumonisin with glucose prevents promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in female F344/N rats while maintaining normal hepatic sphinganine:sphingosine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 4113 4121
25. Maragos, C.M., Jolley, M.E., Plattner, R.D., Nasir, M.S. Fluorescence polarization as a means for determination of fumonisins in maize. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001. v. 49. p. 596-602.
26. Maragos, C.M. Novel sensors for detecting mycotoxins in foods. Mycotoxins. 2001. v. 51. p. 51-58.
27. McAlpin, C.E. An Aspergillus flavus mutant producing stipitate sclerotia and synnemata. Mycologia. 2001. v. 93. p. 552-565.
28. Momany, F.A., Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A. Molecular dynamics simulations on the mycotoxin fumonisin B1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001. v. 49. p. 1056-1061.
29. * Mathur, S., P. D. Constable, R. M. Eppley, A. L. Waggoner, M. E. Tumbleson, and W. M. Haschek (2001). Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in mild fed calves. Toxicol. Sci. 60:385-396.
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