SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

The 2003 annual meeting of the NC1003 Committee was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, New Brunswick, NJ, Feb. 28-March. A one and one-third day conference was held on the topic, ?Intellectual Property and Agricultural Research: Implications for Public and Private Sectors.? A keynote lecture was given by Professor Richard R. Nelson, the George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs, Business and Law at Columbia University. His topic was, ?The Market Economy and the Scientific Commons.? Five other scholars from outside the Committee membership were also on the programs. In all, 17 research papers were presented in sessions on (a) Perspectives on Patents and Research from Outside and Inside Agriculture, (b) Technology Prices, Patents, Plant Breeders? Rights and Trade Secrets, (c) Intellectual Property Rights, Productivity of Technology, and Public Sector Research, (d) Mechanisms for Reducing Hold-ups, and (e) IPRs and International Research and Technology Transfer. See the program included in Appendix A. Over 50 participants attended from 17 universities, from USDA agencies, and from other research organizations.

Principal Investigators on the IFAFS grant "Innovation and Dynamic Efficiency in Agricultural Biotechnology" held a pre-conference meeting in New Brunswick. The project will develop a web-based database of agricultural biotechnology patents, and will use the database to investigate the impact of intellectual property laws and market structure on innovative activity. The project involves NC-1003 members and collaborators from Rutgers, ERS, Auburn, and Cornell.

At the business meeting on March 1st, the new Administrative Advisor, Professor Marshall Martin, Purdue University, made report on exceptions for multistate committees. He also Marshall spoke briefly about the NIMS system (National Information Management and Support System). The NIMS system is a web-based application that allows participants of Multi-state Research Projects and Activities to submit proposals and reports online. The website is: http://www.lgu.umd.edu/login.cfm. Interested parties, stakeholders and cooperators can query the System for relevant and timely information. Reports, minutes, and information about publications and other activities can be linked to NIMS for others to access and obtain information about NC-1003. It is also a way for NC-1003 members to stay informed about other multi-state projects.

New Committee members, Jeremy Foltz (Wisconsin), GianCarlo Moschini (Iowa State), Norbert Wilson (Auburn), and Yin Xia, were welcomed to the Project. State research reports were presented.

Plans were made for the 2004 meeting and symposium. The group decided to title the conference, ?Research Impacts and Decisions Strategies for Biotechnology,? to hold the meeting in early March at the relatively new Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO. Also, this location is close the Monsanto research facility and tours of the Danforth Center and Monsanto were planned. George Norton, Greg Traxler, Charles Moss, and Yin Xia were appointed by the Chair to the program Committee.

George Norton, Chair, of the officers? nominating committee, reported that Wallace Huffman (IA) was nominated one-year terms as Chair and George Frisvold (AZ) was nominated as Secretary. The vote was unanimous.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments and Impacts:

This has been the second full year following renewal of the NC-1003 project, which has following three research objectives: (1) To estimate the expected and actual flow of benefits an costs of research for agriculture, rand related areas, including incidence of their distribution; (2) To analyze decision strategies for funding, planning, managing, and evaluating agricultural research by public institutions and private organizations, and (3) To analyze opportunities, risks and net benefits from existing and potential public-private sector linkages, including new institutions, technology transfer mechanisms, and freedom to operate.

This year the project has produced an excellent set of publications, papers, and presentations. See the attached publication list, showing 48 publications (Group I) in refereed journal, books, and chapters in books for 2003, and 46 publications in Group II (forthcoming and miscellaneous publications). See Appendix A for a detailed summary of progress.

Some especially noteworthy accomplishments over the past year include the following:

* Scientists at AESs in Arizona, California, Iowa, Indiana, New Jersey, Virgina, and Wisconsin and the Economic Research service have completed extensive examinations of consumer acceptance and resistance to GM-technologies and food products, farmers acceptance of GM technologies, and ethical issues associated with new technologies. This research is providing important information to public policy officials who are trying to understand the GM-technology/food debate.

* Scientists at Arizona, California, Missouri, Texas, and Virginia have completed an extensive examination of the effects of public research on the efficient use of natural resources and adjustments to climate change. Their proposals include new government programs to pay farmers to sequester carbon in trees and other plants. This research is helping government agencies and state governments make policy to deal with these resource issues.

* Scientists at Iowa and Yale are working with the Executive Director of the Northeast Experiment Station Directors and ESCOP to prepare a four page bulletin to make the case with Congress for additional formula funding of SAS research.

* Scientists at Indiana, California, and Minnesota have been working to develop new funding instruments for agricultural research in the International Center System and for poor African countries.

* A large number of papers have been presented by members of the committee at the American Agricultural Economics Association Meetings, Montreal, July 27-30, 2003: at the Triennial Meetings of the International Association of Agricultural Economists, Durbin, South Africa, August 16-22, 2003; and the 7th Conference of the International Agricultural Biotechnology Consortium, Ravello, Italy, June 29-July 2, 2003. A smaller but important number of papers were presented by members at the Annual Meetings of the Rural Sociology Society.

* One committee member has been appointed to a National Academy of Sciences Committee on intellectual property in genomics and proteomics.

Impacts

Publications

Acquaye, A. K. A., J. M. Alston, and P. G. Pardey. ?A Disaggregated Perspective on Post-War Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture.? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85(1)(February 203): 59-80.

Adams, R. M., B. A. McCarl, and L. O. Mearns. ?The Effects of Spatial Scale of Climate Scenarios on Economic Assessments: An Example from U.S. Agriculture.? Climatic Change, Vol. 60, Nos. 1-2, September I, II (2003): 131-148.

Adams, R. M., L. L. Houston, B. A. McCarl, M. Tiscareo, J. Matus, and R. F. Weiher. ?The Benefits and Costs to Mexican Agriculture of an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Early Warning System.? Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 115(2003): 183-194.

Alig, R. J., D. M. Adams, and B. A. McCarl. ?Projecting Impacts of Global Climate Change on the U.S. Forest and Agriculture Sectors and Carbon Budgets.? Forest Ecology and Management 169(2003): 3-14.

Alston, J. M. ?The ?Domain? for Levy-Funded Research and Extension: General Notions with Particular Applications to the Australian Dairy Industry.? Connections: Farm Food and Resource Issues 3(August 2002): 3-8. Available on line at http://www.agrifood.info/Connections/Winter2002/alston.htm.

Alston, J. M. and P. G. Pardey. ?Farm Productivity and Inputs? sub-chapter comprising an essay and16 data tables, including 210 series, in S. Carter, S. Gartner, M. Haines, A. Olmstead, R. Sutch, and G. Wright, eds. Historical Statistics of the United States?Millennial Edition Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2003): forthcoming.

Alston, J. M. and P. G. Pardey. ?The Effects of the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act on Wheat Genetic Improvement.? Research Policy 31(4)(2002): 527-542.

Alston, J. M., J. W. Freebairn, and J. S. James. ?Distributional Issues in Check-off Funded Programs.? Agribusiness: An International Journal (2003).

Antle, J. M. and B. A. McCarl. ?The Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils,? in Volume VI of the International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics, eds. T. Tietenberg and H. Folmer, published by Edward Elgar, (2003): 278-310.

Buttel, F. H. Internalizing the Societal Costs of Food Production. Plant Physiology 133 (2003): 1656-1665.

Buttel, F. H. Continuities and Disjunctures in the Transformation of the U.S. Agrofood System. In D. L. Brown and L. E. Swanson eds. Challenges for Rural America in the 21st Cenutry. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, (2003); 177-189.

Chiremba, S. and W. A. Masters. ?The Experience of Resettled Farmers in Zimbabwe,? with Sophia Chiremba. African Studies Quarterly 7(2-3)(2003).

Day-Rubenstein, K., P. W. Heisey, C. Klotz-Ingram, and G. Frisvold. Competitive Grants and the Funding of Agricultural Research in the U.S. Review of Agricultural Economics 25(2003): 352-368.

Deepak, Sri Devi, James L. Seale, Jr., and Charles B. Moss. ?Per Capital Income, Human Capital, and Inequality Convergence.? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35(Supplement 2003): 171-180.

Erickson, Kenneth, Ashok K. Mishra, and Charles B. Moss. ?Cash Rents, Imputed Returns, and the Valuation of Farmland Revisited.? In Government Policy and Farmland Markets: The Maintenance of Farmer Wealth eds. Charles B. Moss and Andrew Schmitz. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press (2003): 223-235.

Featherstone, Allen M. and Charles B. Moss. ?Capital Markets, Land Values, and Boom-Bust Cycles.? In Government Policy and Farmland Markets: The Maintenance of Farmer Wealth cited by Charles B. Moss and Andrew Schmitz. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press (2003): 159-178.
Frisvold, G., J. Sullivan, and A. Raneses. Genetic Improvements in Major U.S. Crops: The Size and Distribution of Benefits. Agricultural Economics 28(2003): 109-199.

Gao, Xiaming, Charles B. Moss, Hans Theil, and Dave D. Weatherspoon. ?The Development of the GDPs of the G-7 Countries, 1950-1988.? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35 (Supplement 2003): 151-154.

Godoy-Avila, S., J. Falck-Zepeda, and J. Espinoza-Arellano. ?Transgenic Cotton in Mexico: Economic and Environmental Impacts.? In Economic and Environmental Impacts of First Generation Biotechnologies, ed. Nicolas Kalaitzandonakes, Kluwer Academic, New York, 2003.

Graff, G., S. Cullen, K. J. Bradford, D. Zilberman, and A. Bennett. ?The Public-Private Structure of Intellectual Property Ownership in Agricltural Biotechnology. Nature Biotechnology 21 (6)(September 2003).

Huffman, W. E. ?Consumer?s Acceptance of (and Resistance to) Genetically Modified Foods in High Income Countries: Effects of Labels and Information in an Uncertain Environment.? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85(Dec 2003): 1112-1118.

Huffman, W. E. and O. Alfranca. ?Private R&D Investments in Agriculture: The Role of Incentives, Public Policies, and Institutions,? Economic Development and Cultural Change 51(Oct 2003): 1-21.

Huffman, W. E., J. F. Shogren, M. Rousu, and A. Tegene. ?Consumer Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Food Labels in a Market with Diverse Information: Evidence from Experimental Auctions.? Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 28(Dec 2003):481-502.

Huffman, W. E., M. Rousu, J. F. Shogren, and A. Tegene. ?The Public Good Value of Information from Agribusinesses on Genetically Modified Foods.? American
Journal of Agricultural Economics 85(Dec 2003): 1309-1315.

Jetter, K. M., J. M. Alston, and R. J. Farquharson. ?Private Investment in Exotic Pest Control Technology: The Case of Silverleaf Whiteflies in California.? Davis: University of California Agricultural Issues Center, 2001.

Koo, Bonwoo, Philip Pardey and Brian D. Wright. ?Saving Seeds; The Economics of Conserving Genetic Resources at the CGIAR Centers.? Agricultural Economics (2003): in press.
Koo, Bonwoo and Brian Wright. ?Economics in Patenting an Input Essential to Further Research.? In Economics, Law and Intellectuals Property: Seeking Strategies for Research for Research and Teaching in a Developing Field eds. Ove Granstrand, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2003).

Marra, M. C., P. G. Pardey, and M. G. Alston. ?The Payoff to Transgenic Field Crops: An Assessment of the Evidence.? AgBioForum (2003).

Masters, W. A. ?Research Prizes: A Mechanism to Reward Agricultural Innovation in Low-Income Regions.? AgBioForum 6(1&2)(2003): 71-74.

McMillan, M. S. and W. A. Masters, ?An African Growth Trap: Production Technology and the Time-Consistency of Agricultural Taxation, R&D and Investment.? Review of Development Economics 7(3)(2003): 179-191.

Moss, Charles B. and Andrew Schmitz (Editors) Government Policy and Farmland Markets: The Maintenance of Farmer Wealth Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 2003.

Moss, Charles B., J. S. Shonkwiler, and Andrew Schmitz. ?The Certainty Equivalence of Farmland Values: 1910 to 2000.? In Government Policy and Farmland Markets: The Maintenance of Farmer Wealth edited by Charles B. Moss and Andrew Schmitz, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press (2003): 209-222.

Moss, Charles B., Troy G. Schmitz, Alberg Kagan, and Andrew Schmitz. ?Institutional Economics and The Emergence of E-commerce in Agribusiness.? Journal of Agribusiness 21(1)(Spring 2003): 83-102.

Raedeke, A., J. J. Green, S. S. Hodge and C. Valdivia. ?Farmers, the Practice of Farming and the Future of Agroforestry: An Application of Bourdieu?s Concepts of Field and Habitus.? Rural Sociology 68(1)(2003): 64-68.

Schillo, K. K. and P. B. Thompson. ?Postmodernism for Animal Scientists.? Journal of Animal Science 80(E. Suppl. 2)(2003): E189-E194.

Schimmelpfennig, David E. and George W. Norton. ?What is the Value of Agricultural Economics Research?? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85(1)(Feb 2003): 81-94.

Schimmelpfennig, David E. and George W. Norton. ?Measuring the Benefits of International Agricultural Economics Research.? Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 42(2)(2003): 207-222.

Schimmelpfennig, David, John King, and Anwar Naseem. ?Intellectual Capital in a Q Theory of Agbiotech Mergers,? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85(5)(2003):1275-82.

Schmitz, Troy G., Charles B. Moss, and Andrew Schmitz. ?Marketing Channels Compete for U.S. Stocker Cattle.? Journal of Agribusiness 21(2)(Fall 2003): 131-148.

Schneider, U. A., and B. A. McCarl. ?Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation.? Environmental and Resource Economics 24(2003): 291-312.

Tegene, A., W. E. Huffman, M. Rousu, and J. F. Shogren. ?Affects of Information on Consumer Demand for Biotechnical Foods: Evidence from Experimental Auctions,? USDA, ERS, Technical Bulletin No. 1903, March 2003.

Theil, Hans and Charles B. Moss. ?The Five Layers of Affluence.? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35(Supplemental 2003): 165-168.

Thompson, P. B. ?Crossing Species Boundaries Is Even More Controversial Than You Think,? (Comment) The American Journal of Bioethics 3(3)(2003): 14-15.

Thompson, P.B. ?Unnatural Farming and the Debate over Genetic Manipulation,? in Genetic Prospects; Essays on Biotechnology, Ethics and Public Policy. V. V. Gehring, Ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, (2003): 27-40.

Thompson, P. B. ?The Environmental Ethics Case for Crop Biotechnology: Putting Science Back into Environmental Practice.? In Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice. A. Light and A. de-Shalit, eds. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press (2003): 187-217.

Thompson, P. B. ?Cultural Integrity, Globalization, and Technical Change: Further Thoughts on GMO?s in the Food Supply,? in Technology and Cultural Value on the Edge of the Third Millennium, P.D. Herscock, M. Stepaniants and R. Ames, eds. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press (2003): 222-235.

Thompson, P. B. ?Putting Pragmatism to Work?? Teche: Journal of the Society for the Philosophy of Technology. 7(1, Spring 2003). http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v7nl/thompson.html.

Thompson, P. B. ?Value Judgments and Risk Comparisons: The Case of Genetically Engineered Crops,? Plant Physiology 132(2003): 10-16.

Weatherspoon, Dave D., James L. Seale, Jr. and Charles B. Moss. ?Extending Theil?s Inequality Index: Addressing Dynamic Convergence in the OEDC.? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35(Supplement 2003): 183-194.

Zohrabian, A., G. Traxler, S. Caudill, and M. Smale. ?Valuing Crop Genetic Resources: A Maximum Entropy Approach.? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85(May 2003): 430-437.


Group II (Forthcoming and Miscellaneous Publications)

Akobundu, Ebere, Jeffrey Alwang, Albert Essel, Geroge W. Norton, and Abebayehu Tegene. ?Does Extension Work?: Impacts of a Program to Assist Limited-Resource in Farmers in Virginia.? Review of Agricultural Economics, in press.

Alston, J. M., J. Hyde, and M. C. Marra. An Ex Ante Analysis of the Benefits from the Adoption of Monsanto?s Corn Rootworm Resistant Varietal Technology?YieldGard? Rootworm. NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh North Carolina. Technical Bulletin 103(July 2002): 68.

Barham, B. L., F. H. Buttel, and J. Foltz. Use of Genetically Modified Crops in Wisconsin. In Status of Wisconsin Agriculture. Madison: Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin (2003): 38-42.

Buttel, F. H. and A. Hirata. The ?Gene Revolution? in Global Perspective: A Reconsideration of the Global Adoption and Diffusion of GM Crop Varieties, 1996-2002. PATS Staff Paper Series, Paper No 9. Madison: Program on Agricultural Technology Studies, University of Wisconsin, September, 2003.

Chen, C. C., B. A. McCarl, and D. E. Schimmelpfennig. ?Yield Variability as Influenced by Climate: A Statistical Investigation.? Climate Change (2004): forthcoming.

Erickson, Kenneth W., Charles B. Moss, and Ashok K. Mishra. ?Rates of Return in the Farm and Non-farm sectors; How do They Compare?? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, in press.

Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge and David Schimmelpfennig. ?Have Seed Industry Changes Affected Research Effort?? Amber Waves 2(1)(February 2004): 14-19, (an Economic Research Service (USDA magazine).

Frisvold, G. and R. Tronstad. Global Impacts of Bt Cotton Adoption Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Cotton Economics and Marketing Conference, Memphis, TN: National Cotton Council (2003).

Gillig, D., B. A. McCarl, and R. D. Sands. ?Integrating Agricultural and Forestry GHG Mitigation Response into General Economy Frameworks: Developing a Family of Response Functions.? Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (2004): forthcoming.

Graff, Gregory, Brian Wright, Alan Bennett, and David Zilberman. ?Access to Intellectual Property for the Biotechnological Development of Horticultural Crops.? California Agriculture (April 2004): forthcoming.

Huffman, W. E. ?Production, Identity Preservation and Labeling in a Market Place with Genetically Modified (GM) and Non-GM Foods.? Plant Physiology, in press.

Huffman, W.E. ?Immigration in the U.S. Midwest during the 1990s: A Decade of Rapid Change.? Iowa State University Department of Economics Working Paper # 03027, December 2003.

Huffman, W. E. and R. E. Evenson. ?Determinants of the Demand for State Agricultural Experiment Station Resources: A Demand-System Approach.? Iowa State University Department of Economics Working Paper # 03028, December, 2003.

Huffman, W. E. and R. E. Evenson. ?New Econometric Evidence on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Determinants: Impact of Funding Sources.? Iowa State University Department of Economics Working Paper # 03029, December, 2003.

Johnson, M. and W. A. Masters, ?Complementarity and Sequencing of Innovation.? Economics of Innovation and New Technology 13(1)(2004): 19-31.

Koo, B., P. G. Pardy, and B. D. Wright. Saving Seeds: The Economics of Conserving Crop Genetic Resources Ex Situ in the Future Harvest Centers of the CGIAR. CABI (2003): forthcoming.

Lanjourw, Jean O. and William Jack. ?Trading Up: How Much Should Poor Countries Pay to Support Pharmaceutical Innovation?? February, 2004.

Lanjourw, Jean O. and William Jack. ?Financing Pharmaceutical Innovation: How Much Should Poor Countries Contribute?? Department of Agricultural Research Economics, University of California-Berkeley, July, 2003.

Lapan, H. E. and G. Moschini. ?Innovation and Trade with Endogenous Market Failure: The Case of Genetically Modified Products.? American Journal of Agricultural Economics (2004): in press.

Martinez-Mejia Pablo, Case Study of Commercial Tilapia Production in Olancho, Honduras. M.S. in Agricultural Economics, Auburn University, 2004.

Masters, W. A. ?Research Prizes: A New Kind of Incentive for Innovation in African Agriculture?, International Journal of Biotechnology (2004): in press.

McCarl, B. A., R. M. Adams, and B. Hurd. ?Global Climate Change and It?s Impact on Agriculture,? in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. C. Chang and C. Huang, eds. Institute of Economics Academia Sinica and UNESCO, Taipai, Taiwan (2004): forthcoming.

Mishra, Ashok K., Charles B. Moss, and Kenneth Erickson. ?Valuing Farmland with Multiple Quasi-Fixed Inputs.? Applied Economics, in press.

Mishra, Sanjiv. An Economic Assessment of Bt Eggplant in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and India, M.S Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003.

Moschini, G. ?Intellectual Property Rights and the World Trade Organization: Retrospect and Prospects,? in Anania, G., Gohman, M., Carter, C., and McCalla, A., eds., Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO: Where are we Heading?. Edward Elgar Publishing (2004): in press.

Moschini, G. ?Agricultural Biotechnology and Trade: The Unresolved Issues.? Iowa Ag Review, CARD, Vol. 9(4)(Fall 2003).

Mullen, J. D., J. M. Alston, D. A. Sumner, M. Kreith, and M. Kuminoff. The Benefits from Agricultural Pest-Management Research Conducted by the University of California. University of California Agricultural Issues Center Publication (2003): forthcoming.

Murray, B. C., B. A. McCarl, and H. C. Lee. ?Estimating Leakage from Forest Carbon Sequestration Programs.? Land Economics (Feb 2004): forthcoming.

Mutuc, Maria E. Increase in Calorie Intake Due to Eggplant Grafting: Proof of Concept with the Use of Minimum Datasets, MS thesis. Virginia Tech (2003).

Oehmke, James F. and David E. Schimmelpfennig. ?Structural Change in the Research-Productivity Relationship.? Journal of Productivity Analysis, in press.

Pardey, P. G., J. M. Alston, C. Chan-Kang, E. C. Magalhães, and S. A. Vosti. Assessing and Attributing the Benefits of Varietal Improvement Research: Evidence from Embrapa, Brazil. EPTD Discussion Paper No. 95, Washington, DC, IFPRI, 2002. Available on line at http://www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp95.pdf.

Paustian, K., B. A. Babcock, J. Hatfield, R. Lal, B. A. McCarl, S. McLaughlin, A. Mosier, C. Rice, G. P. Roberton, N. J. Rosenberg, and C. Rosenzweig. Agricultural Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases: Science and Policy Options, CAST Report (2004): forthcoming.

Perrin, Richard K. ?On Choosing a Farm Program (DCP) Option.? Cornhusker Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, UNL, Feb. 19, 2003.

Perrin, R., K. P. Vogel, and M. R. Schmer. ?Switchgrass ? A Biomass Energy Crop for the Great Plains.? Focus, Department of Agricultural Economics, UNL, Spring/Summer, 2003.

Rousu, M. C., W. E. Huffman, J. F. Shogren, and A. Tegene. ?Estimating the Public Value of Conflicting Information: The Case of Genetically Modified Foods.? Land Economics 80(Feb 2004): in press.

Rousu, M., W. E. Huffman, J. F. Shogren, and A. Tegene. ?Are U.S. Consumers Tolerant of GM Foods?? Review of Agricultural Economics 26(Spring/Summer 2004): in press.

Schneider, U.A. and B.A. McCarl. ?Economic Potential of Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions: Comparation role in Agriculture.? In Policies for Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Pollution in Asian-Pacific, R. Mendelsohn ed. (2004): forthcoming.

Tauer, Loren W. The Impact of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin on Dairy Farm Profits: A Switching Regression Analysis. Working Paper 2003-29, Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 2003.

Thompson, P. B. ?The Legacy of Positivism and the Role of Ethics in the Agricultural Sciences,? in Perspectives in World Food and Agriculture 2004. C. G. Scanes and J. A. Miranowski, eds., Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press (2004): 335-351.

Trejos-Castillo, Elizabeth. Income, Food Security, and Poverty Reduction: Case Studies of Small-Scale Aquaculture Producers in Santa Barbara, Honduras. M.S. in Sociology, University of Missouri, 2003.

Valdiivia, C. and S. Konduru. ?Interest in Agroforestry Practices, Farmer Diversification Strategies and Government Transfers in Missouri?s Northeast and Southeast.? Proceedings, 8th North American Agroforesty Conference, Corvallis, AFTA, June (2003).

Valdiivia, C., S. Konduru, A. Raedeke, and J. Green. ?Land Owner Characteristics and Perceptions in Northeast and Southeast Missouri.? The Economic and Social Value of Flood Plain Agroforesty to Rural Development Project. Agricultural Economics working Paper 2003-9, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia.

Vogel, K. P., M. R. Schmer, R. K. Perrin, L. E. Moser, and R. B. Mitchell. ?Field Scale Evaluation of Switchgrass Grown as a Bioenergy Crop in the Northern Plains.? 2002 Grass & Beef Research Review, Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, 2003.

Yee, J., M. Ahearn, and W. E. Huffman. ?Links Among Farm Productivity, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Size in the Southeast,? Journal of Agricultural and Resource, 2004 forthcoming
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