Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes from S-1000 Annual Meeting
Ft. Collins, CO Sept. 24-26, 2003

Attendees were: Roselina Angel, Todd Applegate, Brent Auvermann, Dwaine Bundy, Gary Cromwell, Jessica Davis, Gerald Evers, Joe Fontenot, Ted Funk, Wayne Green, Richard Hegg, Robert Hubbard, Larry Jacobson, K. G. Karthikeyan, Harold Keener, Ron Lacewell, Deanne Meyer, Ron Miner, Larry Newton, Matt Poach, Wendy Powers, Tim Stanton, Steven Trabue, Robert von Bermuth, Phil Westerman, P. Y. Yang, Ruihong Zhang, Jun Zhu, and visitors (Roger Dean and John Larson of US EPA, Denver; Janice Ward of USGS, Denver).

The meeting was called to order by Chair, Larry Jacobson, at 8:00 am 9/24. Self introduction of all attendees followed. Welcome was given by Bill Wailes, Interim Dept. Head of Animal Science at Colorado St. University. He said that he appreciates the good science that this group provides, and that we will continue to need to respond to challenges to provide science for important environmental issues. Comments were then given by S-1000 Administrative Advisor Ron Lacewell regarding our continued need to address critical issues such as air quality and ammonia emissions, and to emphasize our accomplishments each year. CSREES Representative Richard Hegg then discussed national funding programs and priorities, the need to have national coordination of animal waste management programs and a draft proposal of how this might occur, and that EPA is trying to identify research needs related to CAFO rules. Marc Johnson, Vice Provost of Agriculture and Outreach, Dean of the College of Agriculture, Colorado St. University then discussed how we are dealing with an important set of issues that have increasing new challenges affected by animal welfare, environmental management, pathogen concerns, and economic issues of externalities. Deanne Meyer then proposed a general format for next year‘s meeting for the group to be thinking about. She proposed holding the meeting in Washington, D. C. and inviting representatives from various agencies to have information exchange. The remainder of the day included station reports and two invited presentations from Colorado St. University faculty: (1) Antibiotics in manure and lagoons by Ken Carlson, and (2) Evaluation of an electronic nose for characterizing agricultural odor by Steve Reynolds.

The second day, 9/25, included the business meeting, station reports, a presentation on "Permitting Challenges with CAFO‘s" by Tom Haren of AgPro, LLC, and a tour of ARDEC facilities.

Minutes of Business Meeting:
Chair Larry Jacobson called the business meeting to order at 8:00 am. Phil Westerman, Secretary, discussed the two web sites for S-1000 (the NIMSS system web site located at http://www.lgu.umd.edu and the S-1000 site http://www.ag.auburn.edu/aaes/s1000/ housed at Auburn University and managed by Wes Wood), and the importance of sending electronic reports to Westerman soon emphasizing accomplishments, impacts, and publications since the last report. The S-1000 annual progress report is due within 60 days of the annual meeting.

Election of Secretary: The nomination committee of Powers, Meyer, and Funk nominated Brent Auvermann, who was elected. The new officers are: Chair - Deanne Meyer, Vice-Chair - Phil Westerman, and Secretary - Brent Auvermann.

2004 Meeting: After some discussion about the 2004 meeting, Brent Auvermann moved that the chair establish a sub-committee to plan the 2004 meeting for Washington, D. C. The motion was seconded and passed. The planning committee consists of Co-chairs Larry Jacobson and Deanne Meyer, and members Brent Auvermann, Wendy Powers, Harold Keener, Gerald Evers, and Phil Westerman (added 9/29/03).

Gratitude was extended to the hosts of our meeting, Tim Stanton and Jessica Davis.

Tour: On 9/26, our hosts provided tour to view an anaerobic digestion system at one dairy, and solids separator and overall waste management system at another dairy.

OBJ 1. Develop management tools, strategies and systems for land application of animal manures and effluents that optimize efficient, environmentally friendly utilization of nutrients and are compatible with sustained land and water quality.

T 1. Methods to reduce nutrient movement from land application sites into surface and groundwater. Alternative management systems being evaluated for pastures to best utilize nutrients: relative efficiency of recycling nutrients in broiler litter by feeding to steers or application to pasture (VA); combining animal waste with additional commercial nitrogen fertilizer to increase forage yield and phosphorus (P) uptake and reduce residual P in pastures (TX); and various grazing management (IA). Various crop rotations being evaluated to better utilize nutrients from cattle feedlot runoff applied to plots (TX). Geotextile-gravel and fly ash pads evaluated for heavy livestock areas to reduce environmental impacts (KY).

T 2. Quantify gaseous emissions into the air from land application sites.

T 3. Reduce movement of zoonotic pathogens from land application sites. Determining effects of soil tillage and rainfall variables on leaching of pathogenic bacteria after land application of dairy manure (OH). Showed farmer can mitigate potential leaching of pathogenic bacteria by timing manure applications to occur at least 48 hours before rainfall.

T 4. Improve accuracy of manure land application in accordance with best management practices for nutrient planning. An IL Certified Livestock Manager Survey of 347 participants showed rates of adoption of practices and technologies related to environmental protection and nuisance avoidance. Development of rapid on-farm assessment of nutrient content of dairy manures has goal to improve nutrient application (KY).

OBJ 2. Develop, evaluate, and refine physical, chemical and biological treatment processes in engineered and natural systems for management of manures and other wastes.

T 1. Develop and evaluate innovative applications of engineered biological treatment processes to stabilize waste, reduce odor, and manage nutrients. Several states evaluated treatment processes for dairy manure or wastewater: solid liquid separation and impact of low rate aeration on lagoons‘ solids degradation and odor reduction (CA); solids removal, anaerobic digestion and hydroponic filtration (GA); effect of algae and bacteria additions in the conversion of an anaerobic dairy lagoon to an aerobic lagoon (CO); eight different systems developed for treating milkhouse waste for medium sized dairies (MN); a novel anaerobic bio-nest reactor for treatment of milk parlor wastewater (HI). Several states (MN, NC, OR) evaluated treatment processes for swine manure or wastewater: pilot-scale surface aeration system with intermittent aeration was effective in reducing odor (MN); effect of manure solids on aeration efficiency (MN); solids separation and upflow biofiltration system for 4000 pigs (NC); aeration pond treatment system for lagoon liquid (NC); 80 % P removal by struvite crystallizer (NC); single vessel alternating aerobic-anaerobic treatment in Taiwan under a cooperative agreement with U.S. team (OR). Composting work (OH) showed composting dairy manure/amendment mix with C/N > 40 reduces N losses; use of intermittent aeration effective in maintaining aerobic composting while minimizing cost; an Excel computer simulation model of composting process enables farmers to optimize design and management and minimize costs.

T 2. Develop and evaluate vegetated or aquaculture- based treatment systems for treating wastewater or runoff from concentrated feeding operations or land application sites.
Two cell constructed wetlands treating poultry lagoon effluent has operated for 10 yrs (AL). Overland flow vegetated buffers evaluated for N and P utilization from swine lagoon liquid, and grass buffer strips used to remove nutrients from surface runoff from cotton receiving poultry litter (GA). Vegetation used to remove nutrients from swine lagoon liquid by floating mats of vegetation (GA) and by duckweed (NC). Application of high rate algal pond water treatment technology that could reduce the level of N and P that flows into the Salton Sea through its tributaries and causes eutrophication was demonstrated at pilot scale (SC).

T 3. Develop and evaluate physical and chemical treatments for recovering or stabilizing manure solids or manure treatment by-products for improved utilization alternatives. Various states evaluated solids separation for by-product recovery; a belt-based housing system for swine collected dry fecal material (50 % DM) and reduced ammonia emission (NC); a V-shaped floor beneath concrete slats with a slotted PVC pipe for urine collection isolated 90 % of P in the solids (MI); two solids/liquid separation systems evaluated on farms for flushed swine manure, with the solids at 30 % DM trucked with turkey litter to Idaho for combustion tests, and the ash recovered for testing in a fertilizer blend (NC); effective solids separation achieved during lagoon sludge removal process with a pumping and filtration system (AL). Chemically adjusting pH of liquid manure above 10 allowed 60 % removal of ammonia in a simple spray column, with possibility to absorb the ammonia into an acid solution, and raising pH of dairy wastewater precipitated P to achieve nutrient management constraints (OR). An in-bin, low maintenance large-carcass and horse bedding composting operation successfully disposed of cow and horse mortalities (TX). Dairy manures with various chemical treatments for P removal were incubated with soil to determine P and N dynamics and fate (WI).

T 4. Develop and evaluate biological or thermochemical treatment of animal manures for conversion into value-added products. Batch processing thermochemical conversion process which produces a crude oil product from manure solids was upgraded to a mixed-reactor continuous process on a laboratory scale (IL). Feedlot manure co-fired with coal in a 10:90 blend converted less N to NOx compared to coal; could save up to $9 million/yr for a 2,000 MW coal-fired power plant (TX). Black solider fly (BSF) larvae digested swine manure, reducing manure total solids by 50 % and nutrients by 70 % (GA). Dried larvae (45 % protein and 33 % fat) could replace 75 % of the fish meal in channel catfish diets.

OBJ 3. Develop methodology, technology, and management practices to reduce odors, gases, airborne microflora, particulate matter, and other airborne emissions from animal production systems.

T 1. Develop standard methods of collection, measurement, and categorizing or reporting of airborne emissions (odors, gases, particulates, endotoxins, pathogens, and other materials) from animal production operations. A six-state project (MN, IN, IL, TX, IA, NC) has goal to determine emission rates for six common animal confinement buildings from different sections of the US. Sites have 2 to 10 months of data, and are using common protocols for air sampling and instrument trailers for monitoring two side by side buildings at each site. In another 3-state cooperative project (PA, KY, IA), baseline data on aerial ammonia emissions being collected from an assortment of livestock and poultry facilities operated under variety of management styles. In IA, two automated downwind sampling systems were developed for capturing static field samples for evaluation in the lab. In MN, emissions are being compared for a deep bedded hoop barn and a curtain sided slatted barn.

T 2. Determine short and long term impacts of airborne emissions from animal production units. Models for air dispersion of airborne pollutants being developed: continued evaluation of OFFSET model which is used to assist in development of setback distances for new or expanding livestock and poultry facilities (MN); developing model to predict influence of odor dispersion from multiple sources to multiple receptors (IA); cooperative project (MN, NE, IA) to develop air dispersion models to predict downwind concentrations of odor and hydrogen sulfide. On-site monitoring and air samples at multiple locations resulted in prediction equations to estimate downwind concentrations of individual volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide and odor (IA).

T 3. Emission control technology development and selection for site-specific cases. IL has tested several control technologies: Concentric Dedusters in swine building ventilation systems captured up to 90 % of particulate matter and removed up to 35 % of ammonia; activated carbon filters slightly reduced odor but would be expensive because of increased fan operation costs; increased frequency of flushing for swine confinement room or for farrowing room had minor effects on emissions. IA evaluated management strategies to reduce ammonia emissions: keeping urine and feces separate, application of urease inhibitors, post-excretion acidification of manure; permeable cover over lagoon in MO reduced odor emission to 40 % of that from uncovered lagoon. Geotextile covers on manure storages reduced emissions (KY, MN). Biofilter with recycled polyethylene foam chips and zeolite reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions 25 to 60 % (OR). Ozone injected into ventilation air decreased ammonia linearly with ozone concentration (MI). In OH: caged layer belt/composting system reduced ammonia emissions 50 % compared to conventional deep pit system; aeration during composting resulted in destruction of odorous compounds 95 to 100 % by day 8; ammonia loss during composting of dairy and hog manure/sawdust was highly correlated with total airflow.

Obj 4. Develop and evaluate feeding systems for their potential to alter the excretion of environmentally-sensitive nutrients by livestock.

T 1. Develop and evaluate strategies to reduce P excretion from livestock. Several studies on modifying diet to reduce P excretion have been conducted for poultry (IN, MD, KY), for swine (IN, KY) and beef (TX). Studies in IN determined effects of: copper source on P retention in broiler chicks; dietary calcium on phytate utilization in Peking ducklings; wheat bran phytase on turkey tom P excretion; supplementing weanling pig diets with organic and inorganic acids on microbial shedding; reduced crude protein and reduced P diet on grow-finish pig performance. Pigs and chicks fed low phytate corn and low phytate soybean meal excreted up to 50 % less P, and with further addition of phytase excreted up to 70 % less P (KY, IN). MD showed that correct use of phytase decreases total and water soluble P and that changes in P solubility post-excretion are mediated by bacterial activity for broiler chickens, turkey poults and growing swine. Strategies in beef feedlot diet management can reduce P excretion (TX). Effects of forage maturity on P digestion in beef cows using a rotational grazing stocking system with and without supplemental hay removal is being studied (IA). Phosphorus accretion in pigs slaughtered at 8 weights ranging from 20 to 120 kg body weight will help determine mathematical models for estimating P and Ca requirements (KY).

T 2. Evaluate and quantify excretion of non-nutrient pollutants from animal agriculture. Various diet and management strategies have goals to reduce ammonia emission and odor: grow-finish swine and using synthetic amino acids (IA); reduction of dietary crude protein decreased ammonia emissions but did not diminish manure odor offensiveness and fecal VFA concentrations in growing pigs (MN); protein feeding strategies in beef cattle (dietary undegradable protein to degradable protein ratio) to reduce ammonia losses (IA).

Al-Dahmani, J.M., P. A. Abbasi, S.A. Miller and H.A.J. Hoitink. 2003. Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant Dis. 87:913-919.

Angel, R., N.M. Tamim, T.J. Applegate, A.S. Dhandu, and L.E. Ellestad. 2002. Phytic acid chemistry: Influence on phytin-phosphorus availability and phytase efficacy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 11: 471-480.

Annamalai, K., B. F. Thien, and J. M. Sweeten. 2003. Co-Firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part II: Performance results from 30 kW (100,000 BTU/Hr) laboratory scale boiler burner. Fuel. 82(2003): 1183-1193.

Annamalai, K., M. Freeman, J. M. Sweeten, M. Mathur, W. O. O‘David, G. Walbert, and S. Jones. 2003. Co-Firing of Coal and Cattle Feedlot Biomass (FB) Fuels, Part III: Performance Results from 500,000 BTU/Hr DOE-NETL Boil.

Applegate, T.J., B.C. Joern, D. L. Nussbaum-Wagler, and R. Angel, 2003. Water soluble phosphorus in fresh broiler litter is dependent upon phosphorus concentration fed but not on fungal phytase supplementation. Poultry Sci. 82:1024-1029.

Applegate, T.J., R. Angel, and H.L. Classen, 2003. Effect of dietary calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and bird strain on small intestinal phytase activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 82:1140-1148.

Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman and A. Heber. 2003. A review of ammonia emissions from confined swine feeding operations. Transactions of the ASAE 46(3):805-817.

Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge and J. J. Classen. 2003. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. In: Proceedings of AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality. May 12-14, 2003, Kansas City, MO. AWRA, Middleburg, VA.

Bicudo, J.R. and Goyal, S.M. 2003. Pathogens and manure management systems - a review. Environmental Technology, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 115-130.

Bicudo, J.R., Clanton, C.J., Schmidt, D.R., Tengman, C.L. and Jacobson, L.D. (2003). Odor, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia flux rates from swine manure in southwest Minnesota. Procs. of the International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, CIGR, June 1-4, Horsens, Denmark, pp. 417-425.

Bicudo, J.R., Schmidt, D.R., Gay, S.W., Gates, R.S., Jacobson, L.D., and Hoff, S.J. (2003). Odor emissions from livestock and poultry production/waste management systems. Procs. of the 2003 Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality, AWRA, May 12-14, Kansas City, MO (on CD-ROM).

Bicudo, J.R., Janni, K.A., Jacobson, L.D., and Schmidt, D.R. (2003). Odor and hydrogen sulfide emission from a dairy manure storage. Procs. of the 5th International Dairy Housing Conference (K.A. Janni, ed.), January 29-31, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 368-375.

Bicudo, J.R., Tengman, C.L., Schmidt, D.R., and Jacobson, L.D. (2002). Ambient H2S concentrations near swine barns and manure storages. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024059, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM).

Bicudo, J.R., Schmidt, D.R., Clanton, C.J., Powers, W., Tengman, C.L., and Jacobson, L.D. (2002). A two-year study of the effectiveness of geotextile covers to reduce odor and gas emissions from manure storages. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024195, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM).

Bowers, K. E. and P. W. Westerman. 2003. Phosphorus removal in a novel fluidized bed crystallizer. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4123. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Casey, K.D., R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, H. Xin, and Y. Liang. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Kentucky during Winter. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark.

Chaiprapat, S., J. Cheng, J. J. Classen, J. J. Ducoste and S. K. Liehr. 2003. Modeling nitrogen transport in duckweed pond for secondary treatment of swine wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering 129(8):731-739.

Changa, C.M., P.Wang, M.E.Watson, H.A.J. Hoitink, F.C. Michel Jr. 2003. Assessment of a commercial maturity test kit for composted manures. 2003. Compost Sci. Util. 11:127-145.

Cheng, J., S. Liehr and C. Lyerly. 2003. Swine wastewater treatment in an integrated system of anaerobic digestion and duckweed nutrient removal. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Christopherson, S., D.R. Schmidt, K.A. Janni and J. Zhu. 2003. Evaluation and demonstration of treatment options for dairy parlor and milk house wastewater. ASAE Paper No. 034121. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Cromwell, Gary L. 2002. Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion. Proc. Midwest Swine Conf., Indianapolis, IN, Sept 4, 2002. pp. 59-72.

Cromwell, G.L. 2003. Update on phytase utilization in swine. Proc. Roche Pre-Conference Symposium, Eastern Canadian Nutrition Conf., Quebec City. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario, pp. 29-45.

Cromwell, Gary L. 2002. Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion. Proc. Midwest Swine Conf., Indianapolis, IN, Sept 4, 2002. pp. 59-72.

Dhandu, A.S. and R. Angel. 2003. Broiler non-phytin phosphorus requirement in the finisher and withdrawal phases of a commercial four-phase feeding system. Poult. Sci. 82:1257-1265.

Elwell, D.L., D.C. Borger, H.M. Keener and L.B. Willet. 2003b. Reduction of volatile odorous chemicals in composting of dairy manure. ASAE Paper 034049. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV. Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com)

Fontenot, J.P., R.K. Shanklin, D. Fiske, G. Mullins and L. Harlow. 2003. Nutrient management of broiler litter for cattle on pasture. Proc. Va Tech. Shenandoah Valley Agric. Res. Ext. Center Field Day. pp 13-15.

Funk, T.L., M. J. Robert, Y. Zhang and R.E. Fonner. 2003. Precision nutrient management plan for liquid manure application: expectations and reality. ASAE Paper No 03-412x. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (17 pages).

Gerrish, J. B., S. H. Davies, S. J. Masten, R. L. Ledebuhr, and R. D. von Bernuth. 2003. Ozonation of swine-waste liquids at full- scale. Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. Paper #034056. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Guo, H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai. 2003. Evaluation of the influence of atmospheric conditions on odor dispersion from animal production sites. Transactions of the ASAE. Vol.46(2): 461-466.

Harmon, J. D., D.S. Bundy, T.K. Richard, S.J. Hoff , A. Beatty. 2003. Survey Monitoring of Environmental Factors from Bedded Swine Systems. 2003. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

Heber, A.J., J.-Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Millmier, L.D. Jacobson, R.E. Nicolai, J. A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 1. Gas concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA.

Heber, A.J., T.T. Lim; J.Z. Gallien; J.-Q. Ni; P.C. Tao, L.D. Jacobson, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and G.B. Baughman. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 2. Particulate matter concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA.

Hill, Jeff, R. D. von Bernuth, and E. C. Cline. 2002. Monitoring and Regulation of Ozonation Systems in Livestock Production Facilities. Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. Paper #024055.

Hoff S. J., D. S. Bundy. 2003. Modeling Odor Dispersion from Multiple Sources to Multiple Receptors. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

Hoff, S.J. D.S. Bundy. 2003. Automated Downwind Sampling for Analyzing Gas Dispersion from Livestock Systems. Technique. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

Hubbard, R.K. and G.L. Newton. 2002. Long-term impact of swine lagoon wastewater on shallow groundwater nitrogen levels in vegetated buffer systems. Proceedings of Water Environment Federation Animal Residuals Conference, May 6-8, 2002, Washington, D.C. At www.biosolids.com.

Humenik, F. J., R. D. von Bernuth, T.L. Richard and F. Michael Jr., Livestock Housing Design to Enhance Management of Liquid Stream and In-House Gases. Proceedings of the Fourth International Livestock Waste Management Symposium and Technology Expo, Global Perspective in Livestock Waste Mgmt., Penang, Malaysia, pp. 113-118, 2002.

Jacobson, L.D., R.E. Nicolai, A.J. Heber; J.-Q. Ni; T.T. Lim, J. A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 3. Odor concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA.

Jacobson, L.D., A.J. Heber, Y. Zhang, J. Sweeten, J., Kozie, S.J. Hoff, D.S. Bundy, D.B. Beasley, G.R. Baughman. 2003 Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings in the U.S. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

Jacobson, L.D. J.R. Bicudo, D.R. Schmidt, S.W. Gay, R.S. Gates & S.J. Hoff. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Production Buildings. In proceedings of the XI Inter. Congress in Animal Hygiene held in Mexico City, Mexico, Feb 23-27, 2003. p. 147 - 169.

Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell, and D. Grande. 2002. NH3 emissions and N-balances for 1.6 million caged layer facility: manure belt/composting system vs deep pit operation. Transactions of ASAE. 45(6):1977-1984.

Keener, H.M., F.C. Michel Jr., D.L. Elwell. 2003. Spreadsheet computer models for design and management of compost systems. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual International Meeting of the Institute of Biological Engineering. 1/17-19. Athens, GA. Published on CD.

Keener, H.M., and D.L. Elwell. 2003. Caged layer manure management on flies, water and nitrogen levels - case studies of current technologies. ASAE Paper 034128. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV. Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com)

Kim-Yang, H. S., R. D. von Bernuth, and S. Davies. 2002. "Ozonation Effect on Odorous Compounds in Livestock Building Air." Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. Paper #024056.

Liang, Y., H. Xin, A. Tanaka, S.H. Lee, H. Li, E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper and K.D. Casey. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Layer Houses in Iowa. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark.

Li, X. and R.H. Zhang. 2002. Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater with sequencing batch reactor systems. Bioprocess and Biosystem Engineering. 25:103-109.

Lindemann, M.D., J.H. Agudelo, G.L. Cromwell, and R.D. Nimmo. 2003. Supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet with virginiamycin improves phosphorus digestibility and reduces total mineral excretion in pigs. Proc. 9th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2:398-400.

Maguire, R.O., J.T. Sims, J.M. McGrath, and C.R. Angel. 2003. Phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in turkey diets affects phosphorus solubility in manure amended soils. Soil Sci. 168:421-433.

Miner, J. Ronald, Gene R. Hoilman, Willie E. Rochefort, and Kevin Harris. Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from livestock and poultry waste streams in response to changing United States regulations. Pp. 353 - 361. In: Proceedings of Strong N and Agro 2003. IWA Specialty Symposium on Strong Nitrogenous and Agro-Wastewater. Seoul, Korea, June 11 - 13, 2003.

Miner, J. Ronald, Frank J. Humenik, J. Mark Rice and Diana Rashash. Development of a biologically active, permeable foam material for livestock producers concerned with odor control and ammonia emissions. Pp. 847 - 854. In: Proceedings of Strong N and Agro 2003. IWA Specialty Symposium on Strong Nitrogenous and Agro-Wastewater. Seoul, Korea, June 11 - 13, 2003.

Mukhtar, S., B. W. Auvermann, K. Heflin, and C. N. Boriack. 2003. A low maintenance approach to large carcass composting. 2003. Paper to be presented at the 2003 International Meeting of the ASAE, Las Vegas, Nevada. ASAE Paper No. 03-34106.

Mullins, G.L., J.P. Fontenot, G. A. Alloush, D. G. Boyer and D. P. Belesky 2003. Phosphorus and fecal coliforms in surface runoff from grazed pastures as affected by nutrient management. Proc. Va Tech. Shenandoah Valley Agric. Res. Ext. Center Field Day. pp 16-18.

Newton, G.L., G.J. Gascho, J.K. Bernard, J.R. Allison, R.K. Hubbard, R.N. Gates, and G. Vellidis. 2003. Managing manure nutrients through multi-crop forage production. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2243-2252.

Nimmermark, S.A., L.D. Jacobson, S.W. Gay, D.R. Schmidt. 2003. Evaluation of OFFSET (Odor Setback Model) Using Neighborhood Monitors. ASAE paper # 034024, presented at the ASAE International Meeting held in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 27- 30, 2003.

Ocfemia, K.C.S., Y. Zhang and Ted Funk. 2003. Continuous thermochemical process to produce oil from swine manure. ASAE Paper No 03-4124. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (10 pages).

Otto, E. R., M. Yokoyama, S. Hengemuehle, R. D. von Bernuth, T. van Kempen, and N. L. Trottier. 2003. Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:1754-1763.

Powers, W.J. 2003. Keeping science in environmental regulations: the role of the animal scientist. JDS 86(4):1045-1051.

Powers, W.J. 2003. Characterization of air in and around poultry and livestock facilities. Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities. Horsens, Denmark, June 1-4.

Rhodes, M. B., D. B. Parker, J. M. Sweeten, N. A. Cole, and M. S. Brown. 2002. Beef feedyard effluent application effects on nutrient mass balances for three cropping rotations of sorghum and wheat. Paper No. 024147. 2002 International Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers/CIGR XVth World Congress, Chicago, Illinois. July 28-31. 12 p.

Schauberger, G., A.J. Heber, T.T. Lim, J.-Q. Ni, D.S. Bundy, B.L. Haymore, C.A. Diehl, R.K. Duggirala. 2003. Simple Odour Release Model for Swine Finishing Houses. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

Schmidt, D.R. and Bicudo, J.R. (2002). Using a wind tunnel to determine odor and gas fluxes from manure surfaces. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024083, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM).

Somda, Z.C., J.R. Allison, L.O. Ely, G.L. Newton, G. Vellidis, and M. E. Wetzstein. 2002. Economic Analysis of Dairy Manure Utilization for Year-Round Forage Production. Proc. Annual SAEA Conf., Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2-6.

Stout, V., T.L. Richard, A. Singh, S.J. Hoff, P.Dixon, J. Harmon, D.S. Bundy. 2003. Variability in Greenhouse Gas Emission Measurements Using the Tracer Gas Technique. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR.

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Sun, Y. and Y. Zhang. 2003. Validation of a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system for full-scale room air flow studies. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2).

Sun, H., H.M. Keener, T.A. Menke and F.C. Michel Jr. 2003. Nutrient balance study of the High-RiseTM hog system and associated windrow-composting process. ASAE Paper 032254. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV.

Sweeten, J. M., K. Annamalai, B. F. Thien. and L. A. McDonald. 2003. Co-firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part I: Feedlot biomass (cattle manure) fuel quality and characteristics. Fuel 82(2003): 1167-1182.

Sweeten, J., L. Jacobson, A. Heber, D. Schmidt, J. Lorimor, P. Westerman, J. R. Miner, R. Zhang, C. M. Williams and B. W. Auverman. 2003. Odor mitigation for concentrated animal feeding operations: White paper and recommendations. In: Proceedings of AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality. May 12-14, 2003, Kansas City, MO. AWRA, Middleburg, VA.

Tamim, N.M., and R. Angel. 2003. Phytate phosphorus hydrolysis as influenced by dietary calcium and micro-mineral source in broiler diets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:4687-4693.

Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2002. Advances in centrifugal separators for particulate matter control from stationary sources. J. Thermal Science 11(3):283-288.

Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2003. An overview of particulate matter in indoor environments: sources and effects. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2).

Tan, Z.C., Y. Zhang and S.E. Ford. 2003. Particle sampling under a rotational air flow in pipes. ASAE Paper No 03-4120. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (9 pages).

Thien, B. F., K. Annamalai, and J. M. Sweeten. 2002. Co-firing feedlot and litter biomass:coal blends in a laboratory scale boiler burner. 2002 ASME Symposium on Combustion, Energy, and Fire. International Mechanical Engineering Congress an Exposition. New Orleans, LA. November 17-22.

Wang, E., W. L. Harman, J. R. Williams, and J. M. Sweeten. 2002. Profitability and nutrient losses of alternative manure application strategies with conservation tillage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(4):221-228.

Wang, X., Y. Zhang, G.L. Riskowski and M. Ellis. 2002. Measurement and analysis of dust spatial distribution in a mechanically ventilated swine building. Biosystems Engineering 81(2): 225-236.

Westerman, P. W., J. Arogo, A. Kantardjieff and P. Kantardjieff. 2003. Evaluation of Ekokan biofiltration treatment system on a swine farm. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4125. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Wheeler, E.F., J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, K.D. Casey and Y. Liang. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Pennsylvania during Cold Weather. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark.

Worley, J., L. Newton, and M. Risse. 2003. Georgia Dairy CNMP Generator. Windows based program for calculating manure nutrient generation, storage and treatment losses of nutrients, developing a land application plan, producing an emergency action plan, etc., and generating a permit application document suitable for submission to EPD. Available at: http://www.engr.uga.edu/service/extension/aware/dairynmp2.htm .

Yang, P.Y., Chen, H.J. and Kim, S.J. 2003, Integrating EMMC process for biological removal of carbon and nitrogen for diluted swine wastewater for agriculture reuse. Bioresouce Technology. 86, Page 245-252.

Zhang, Y. 2003. Analysis and validation of particle separation efficiency in a centrifugal field under laminar and perfect mixing conditions. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2).

Zhu, J., 2002. Manure Separator Boosts Efficiency of Aeration Treatment. National Hog Farmer 47(12): 12-13.