Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NC-213 Executive Meeting February 4, 2010 Kansas City, MO Present: Mark Casada, USDA, Manhattan KS Leland McKinney, Kansas State University Brian Adam, Oklahoma State University Charlie Hurburgh, Iowa State University K.M. Lee, Office of State Chemist, Texas A&M University Joe Needham, The Andersons, Inc. Bill Ravlin, The Ohio State University The industry evaluator position. The membership would have break-out groups during business meeting on Friday. Mark Casada discussed the Ad hoc committees recent conference call. Conclusion was that before investing time, effort, and money into this position, the group would need to think about what specifically is needed. In addition, the group felt that the committed need more discussion of what we as NC-213 want to be. Bill Ravlin wants to be sure that The Andersons dollars are spent well. Discussion that followed included: -Would it help to have a little more structure to the discussion? -We already have a five year plan and could that be used as a beginning? -Bill Ravlin and Charlie Hurburgh had already noted that NC-213 is large group, sub-units could come together to put together grant proposals. -Bill Ravlin noted that each of the last two years a specific project group was highlighted by USDA. -Joe Needham made the comment that a year ago he felt a need to make industry connection before hiring evaluator need to get better prepared. NC-213 Mid Term. Ravlin distributed the midterm review form that he has to complete. Important elements of the midterm review to remember: -Progress Report  NC-213 is more comprehensive. -Linkages  hard for Ravlin to put this part of the report together. -Funding  how is NC-213 being used. -Information and Technology Transfer  we do this well. After much discussion it was decided to continue talks on the Mid-Term during Fridays Business Meeting. Summer Conference. Suggestion of holding a summer conference was discussed especially a good way to keep connected. This could possibly be a web meeting or conference call. Joe Needham suggested that it be focused, perhaps by objective, rather than the whole group. NC-213 Annual Meeting2011. After some discussion, it was decided to meet in Kansas City, Missouri next year with Wheat Quality Council Elections. After discussion, it was decided to approach Dr. Carol Jones, Oklahoma State University, to join the executive committee in the position of Secretary. NC-213 Website. Bill Ravlin distributed a mock-up of the revised website. After some discussion, it was decided to make any firm decisions during Fridays Business Meeting. Meeting adjourned. NC-213 Business Meeting February 5, 2010 Kansas City, MO Present: Mark Casada, USDA, Manhattan, Kansas Leland McKinney, Kansas State University Brian Adam, Oklahoma State University Richard Stroshine, Purdue Adrian Duehl, USDA, Gainesville, Florida K.M. Lee, Office of State Chemist, Texas A&M University Joe Needham, The Andersons, Inc. Jim Stitzlein, Consolidated Grain & Barge Bill Ravlin, The Ohio State University/OARDC Christian Nanssen, Texas A&M University Carol Jones, Oklahoma State University The industry evaluator position. The group asked Joe Needham to begin discussion on this topic. Joe made the following comments: A year ago there was frustration about whether our work was relevant to industry  were doing good work, but does anybody know and care? I am enthusiastic about the prospect of hiring an industry evaluator. But I feel we need to work internally on what we want to do and be, before we move forward with hiring someone. What would we want that person to do? Much discussion followed. Here are some excerpts from the discussion. Move to group discussion to address this: Bill Ravlin: Two perspectives: 1) what the systems view of multistate projects is, and 2) our view. Bill Ravlin on linkages and funding. He struggles with these (at least knowing what is happening). Linkage is getting groups together, sharing information, being more competitive in extramural funding competition. How to measure that? Number of articles published together, etc. It is occurring, but need way to measure it. Funding  great opportunity for people here to get together and be competitive. Mark Casada: How can we benefit industry? Christian Nanssen: Is industry calling on us? Who is industry? Mark Casada: As individuals, how can we combine forces, taking advantage of individual strengths. Joe Needham: Good points, reason we wanted to hire a consultant/bridge to let industry know about us. Jim Stitzlein: Have had some good points of contact, but need to do much more. Opportunity with GEAPS is a good avenue. Most of his counterparts in industry dont know we exist. If they dont know NC-213 exists, how will we know what they need? Or, what should be our priorities among lots of needs? After much discussion, it was decided that: -The Administrative Advisors office will create a one pager for all members to distribute and use within their contact, etc. -The ad hoc committee would (using Brian Adams draft) create a research maxtrix. This would include NC-213 researchers and their field(s) of expertise. This could be used in conjunction with the one pager. Ideal outcome? Industry would use the matrix and call upon NC-213 researchers for assistance, etc. -Invite sponsors of research to our meetings. Steps: -The objective chairs, along with input from balance of executive committee, will develop research topics within each objective 2011 Annual meeting. To be held in Kansas City, Missouri with the Wheat Quality Council. Officer Elections. Brian Adam nominated Dr. Carol Jones, Oklahoma State University, to serve in the executive position of Secretary  unanimously approved. NC-213 Website. Bill Ravlin distributed a mock-up of the revised website. Once the site is built, it will be sent to the executive committee for input. Once we have all input and have edited, the site will be rolled out to all. All members are encouraged to submit their areas of research/expertise and send a photo. Meeting adjourned.

Objective 1 Accomplishments: Research: Dry Grind Ethanol Process Monitoring with NIR Ethanol production in the dry grind ethanol industry converts starch in corn to ethanol using enzymes and yeast. This study was conducted to determine the effects of initial enzyme and yeast dose on starch-to-glucose and glucose-to-ethanol conversion, and to optimize the yeast and enzyme dose for the production of ethanol and sugar during the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. A dry-grind fermentation laboratory procedure was used for evaluating the effect of yeast and enzyme dose on the ethanol yield-time profile. Fermentation was performed on a yellow dent corn hybrid with 3 enzymes doses (80 µL, 110 µL, and 140 µL) of spirizyme glucoamylase enzyme and 3 yeast doses (2 mL, 4 mL, and 6 mL of 0.1 g dry yeast /mL of slurry). Samples were taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours from the start of SSF. Samples were analyzed using HPLC and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) for the ethanol and sugar contents. Each treatment was replicated three times. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for studying effects of treatment on the response and optimization of the SSF process. It was found that both enzyme and yeast dose had significant effects on the level of sugar present during the SSF process. However, only yeast dose had a significant effect on the ethanol content. Effect of treatment on the responses was also found to be dependent on the time after the fermentation. Both HPLC and NIR measurements found that time was the most significant factor affecting ethanol yield followed by yeast dose and interaction between time and yeast. For total soluble sugars, time, enzyme dose, yeast dose, and the interaction between yeast and enzyme dose were significant factors. Response surface analysis indicated that for the given range of yeast and enzyme dose, ethanol increases with an increase in yeast dose and a decrease in enzyme dose. Another study involved using NIR to monitor the fermentation process in dry-grind ethanol plants. The objectives of this study were to: a) collect ethanol and total sugar samples during fermentation for lab-scale and full-scale plants; b) to determine key wavelengths with full-scale NIR spectroscopy (833  2500 nm); c) to adapt calibrations for a fixed-wavelength spectrometer; and d) to test fixed-filter wavelength calibrations in full-scale ethanol plants. Excellent calibrations were also obtained for prediction of total sugars with a validation set of 173 samples, obtaining SEP = 1.49, R2 = 0.94, RPD = 6.75/ 1.49 = 4.53. These results were presented at the 2009 International Fuel Ethanol Workshop BBI International. http://2009.fuelethanolworkshop.com/presentations/Paulson,%20Marvin.pdf Research: Validation of Whole Grain Near Infrared Calibrations for Corn Amino Acids A study of NIRS calibration transfer was completed. The study determined that multiple brands and models of NIRS units could be cross calibrated such that the variability across a group of different instruments would be not greater than the variability across a group of the same brand/model instrument. This finding is important in that multiple models can be approved by the relevant authority for testing in trade, and thus not creates the market/technology development limitations imposed by the use of only one make of instrument. Four technical papers were published over the course of the study and one doctoral dissertation was completed. The procedures and findings were used to create a new proposal for their application to image and very small spot size beam spectroscopy. Transfer of calibration from tradition to very high resolution instruments could stimulate great advances in the detection of compounds at low levels or with non-uniform distribution in samples. The objectives of this part of the project were (1) characterization of the structural properties of dough components that affect dough syruping; (2) identification of rheological changes that occur during refrigeration, and as they relate to arabinoxylans (AX), starch and protein solubility. For the second part of the project, we investigated role of starch on tortilla quality. Starch properties affect the end-use quality of products made from wheat flour. Seven genotypes of wheat flour, having various amounts of amylose, were grown in North Dakota. Flour from these genotypes was tested for starch properties to assess the impact of starch on tortilla quality. During the reporting period the following outputs were achieved: 1) Mentored 1 M.S. student in area of role of non-starch polysaccharides on refrigerated dough quality. 2) Co-taught short course on Basics of Wheat and Flour Quality. Results of the research were shared with food companies and international trade groups. The information was presented orally 3) Consulted with many companies on role of enzymes in baking systems and role of carbohydrates in cereals 4) Three oral and four poster presentations were given at professional meetings of the, Institute of Food Technologists and AACC International. 5) Six peer reviewed journal articles were published. Research: Objective Grading and End-Use Property Assessment of Single Kernels and Bulk Grain Samples Milestones achieved during the development of techniques to predict end-use characteristics, and to determine the accuracy and impact of these predictions are: --Detect wheat kernel defects using single kernel acoustics from impact emissions: Transfer design and software to industry. The approach to detecting insect damaged wheat kernels was changed from acoustic impact emissions to electrical conductance. A CRADA was formed to develop commercial versions of the technology. A major food manufacturing company has purchased the first two commercial devices and is using them in two mills. --Detect characteristics of single corn kernels using NIR spectroscopy. --Detect and remove kernels with mycotoxin-producing molds. --Detect mutants for corn breeders. --Detect insect fragments in flour. --Predict end-use quality. Objective 2 Accomplishments: Research: Maize to Milk-A Case Study of Handling System Traceability. The results of research demonstrated that consistent data collection, communication, and coordination will identify the feed ingredients that contribute to a processed milk product. It also proved that there are significant gaps that are vulnerable to problems such as like aflatoxin. Though this processor has successfully operated for many years without a recall, implementing a traceability system would only strengthen the integrity of their products. It would allow them to take a closer look at every aspect of the operation and uncover gaps and inconsistencies that would otherwise not be found until a problem occurs. Research: Developing the Operation and Ontology of Bulk Materials Traceability An ad-hoc standard for soybean traceability was created as part of the EU project TRACE - Trace the origin of food (TRACE) and cooperation with the Iowa Grain Quality Initiative. TRACE developed generic and sector-specific traceability systems for use in the food industry. This standard is a specification of the information to be recorded in 3 links of the soya bean production chain: at the farmer, at the elevator handling bulk soya beans and at the processor in order to achieve effective traceability. The soya bean processing link refers to meal and oil processing (solvent extraction). This study has a special focus on the traceability need of intercontinental trade between the U.S. and Europe. This work was presented at European and U.S. venues, and is being published at the time of this report. Research results have been presented at several local and national conferences in 2008 and 2009. Research: Utilization of Oilseeds and Grains as Functional Ingredients. During the reporting period the following outputs were achieved: 1) Mentored 2 M.S. and 1 Ph.D. student in the area of flaxseed utilization and development of new products using these commodities. 2) Co-taught short course on flaxseed quality and utilization. Information was disseminated to food companies and international trade groups. The information was presented orally and in the form of handouts. Hands-on application of flaxseed was conducted and demonstrated using laboratory and pilot scale techniques. 3) Consulted with several companies regarding milling of flaxseed, incorporation of flaxseed in food applications, and the stability of flaxseed in food systems. 4) Three oral and two poster presentations were given at professional meetings of the American Oil Chemists Society, Institute of Food Technologists and AACC International. Technical aspects of producing flaxseed products were provided to the scientific audience. The stability of the flaxseed fortified snack product was presented. Research: Effectiveness and Profitability of Alternative Insect control Strategies in Grain Storage and Processing Firms. Previous work with an interdisciplinary, multi-institutional team of scientists using a simulation approach confirmed that insufficient control of insects is costly. Sampling is also costly and explains why many elevator managers are reluctant to adopt IPM techniques. The simulation model showed that this preference was especially appropriate for facilities with concrete grain bins that do not have aeration capability. Work in this reporting period expanded upon the simulation model to reflect more realistic insect growth and immigration parameters, weather conditions, and effects of treatment methods. Results indicated that if insect immigration into storage structures can be reduced by a factor of 10 (through sealing of openings in grain bins and cleanliness, for example), or if a particular year or location has lower temperatures and/or humidity, an IPM approach likely would be economical. Tactics identified that can make a sampling-based approach to stored grain management economically attractive include reducing insect immigration rate (by better bin sealing and sanitation) and reducing duration of storage. Objective 3 Accomplishments: Research: Sharing Research Results and Applications of Quality Management Systems/Traceability in Grain Markets Iowa State researchers participated in the European Union project TRACE, which ended its 5 year term in December 2009. Numerous papers, presentations and discussions were held in the U.S. and Europe, presenting the reasons, feasibility and research results for bulk material traceability. Traceability and the quality management systems required to support traceability have potential to generate economic benefits in excess of costs. The long-running elevator case study has demonstrated a benefit-cost ratio of 2:1, and a continuous improvement in tracking ability, as shown over four groups of mock recall data. Cost-benefit studies are the major need in promoting both quality management systems and traceability in agriculture. An international conference, Agricultural & Food Traceability Conference, was hosted in Des Moines Iowa, in June 2009. Proceedings and presentations are available at www.iowagrain.org. A distance education course, Quality Management Systems for Bulk Materials Handling Operations, was designed for the Grain Elevator and Processing Society distance education program. It was taught in January 2010 with 29 participants from across the grain industry, in 4 countries. EXTERNAL FUNDING: Iowa State University 9/15/2006  9/14/2009. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. and J.D. Lawrence. Food Chain Economic Analysis (IV). USDA Special Grant. $375,475. 7/1/2007  6/30/2008. Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Iowa Grain Quality Initiative FY07. Extension 21. $166,230. 10/1/2007-9/30/2008 Hurburgh, C. R. Jr. Select Yield and Quality. United Soybean Board. $36,250. 10/1/2007-9/30/2008 Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. Uniformity in Near Infrared Measurements of Soybean Quality Traits (V). United Soybean Board $62,500. 10/1/2007-9/30/2008 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Regional variation in soybean traits (II). United Soybean Board. $10,000. 10/1/2007-9/30/2008 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Harmonization of United Soybean Board NIRS efforts (II). United Soybean Board. $25,000. 7/1/2007-6/30/2009 Jane, J. L., S. Srichuwong, C. R. Hurburgh, Jr., A. L. Pometto, L. A. Johnson, J. Koziel. Enzyme Hydrolysis of Uncooked Dry-grind Corn for Ethanol Production. Grow Iowa Values Fund. $561,857. 7/1/2008-6/30/2009 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Iowa Grain Quality Initiative FY09. Extension 21 Grants. $166,230. 4/1/2008-5/30/2009 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr., L. Tang. Automated phenotyping of biomass crops. Grow Iowa Values Fund. $102,240. 9/1/2008-8/29/2009 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Expanding the Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Capacity of the Official Inspection System. USDA-Grain Inspection-Packers and Stockyards Administration. $32,588. 10/1/2008-9/30/2009 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Select Yield and Quality. United Soybean Board. $36,000. 10/1/2008-9/30/2009 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Uniformity in Near Infrared Measurements of Soybean Quality Traits (VI). United Soybean Board. $62,358. 10/1/2008-9/30/2009 Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. Harmonization of United Soybean Board NIRS efforts (III). United Soybean Board. $29,500. 7/1/2009-6/30/2010 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Iowa Grain Quality Initiative FY10. Extension 21 Grants. $153,430. 10/1/2009-9/30/2010 Hurburgh, C. R., Jr. Select Yield and Quality. United Soybean Board. $35,000. University of Nebraska 2008-2009 Baenziger, P.S., L. Xu Developing High Quality Nebraska Wheat for Domestic and Foreign Markets Nebraska Wheat Board $50,000 2009-2010 Baenziger, P.S., L. Xu Developing High Quality Nebraska Wheat for Domestic and Foreign Markets Nebraska Wheat Board $50,000 Oklahoma State University 2007-2010 Wilson, Yang, Arthur, Campbell, Siebenmorgen, Jean-Francois Meullenet, Adam, Reagan, and McKay. Integrated Post-Harvest Rice Management: Optimizing Insect Control, Grain Quality, and Information Delivery. USDA-CSREES-CAR. $612,199. 2005-2009 Ramaswamy, S., F. Arthur, D. Maier, B. Adam. Integrated Management of Storage Pests from Farm to the Table. USDA/CSREES/RAMP. $1,700,000. 10/1/2007  9/30/2010. PIs Lloyd T. (Ted) Wilson and Yubin Yang, Texas A&M U.-Beaumont; Franklin H. Arthur and James F. Campbell, USDA-ARS; Terry Siebenmorgen and Jean-Francois Meullenet, U. of Arkansas-Fayetteville; Brian D. Adam, Oklahoma State U.; Eugene Reagan, Louisiana State U.; Tanja McKay, Arkansas State U.-Jonesboro. Integrated Post-Harvest Rice Management: Optimizing Insect Control, Grain Quality, and Information Delivery. USDA-CSREES-CAR. Purdue University 2006 - 2009 Stroshine, R. Physical and Chemical Properties of Shelled Corn Related to Conditioning and Processing. USDA/ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, Kansas. $11,767. 2007 - 2010 Maier, D., K. Ileleji, and R. Stroshine. Processing, Handling and Utilization of DDGS  An Integrated Ethanol Co-Product Research and Extension Effort Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station and Indiana Department of Agriculture $18,140. Office of State Chemist, Texas A&M University 2005-2010 Herrman, T. Chemist B.S.E. Prevention Program. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services $1,248.574 2007-2009 Herrman, T., M. Hardin, K.M. Lee Chemist Microbiological Validation Study for F.S.I.S. F.E.R.N. USDA, Food Safety Inspection. $568,000. Washington State University 2009 Baik, B. K. Quality Assessment of Washington State University Wheat Breeding Samples. Washington Wheat Commission. $41,000. 2009 Baik, B. K. Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging genomics, genetics, and breeding for gene discovery and barley improvement. USDA-NRI-Applied Plant Genomics (subcontract to U. of Minnesota, PD G. Muehlbauer). $65,604. 2009 Baik, B. K., E. Fuerst, R. Koenig, I. Burke, K. Painter, D. Roberts, D. Huggins, A. M. Fortuna, S. Machado, J. Goldberger, J. Johnson-Maynard Sustainable Dryland Organic Farming Systems in the Pacific Northwest. USDA-NIFA AFRI. $1,040,210. 2008 Baik, B. K. Quality Assessment of Washington State University Wheat Breeding Samples. Washington Wheat Commission. $41,000. 2008 Baik, B. K. Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging genomics, genetics, and breeding for gene discovery and barley improvement. USDA-NRI-Applied Plant Genomics (subcontract to U. of Minnesota, PD G. Muehlbauer). $62,839. 2008 Baik, B. K. Genetics and biochemistry of barley grain hardness and its significance on end-use. ARC Graduate Research Assistant Enhancement Program. $31,431. 2008 Baik, B. K., E. Fuerst, C. Morris Wheat Quality in Organic and Conventional Dryland Cropping Systems. WSU-CSANR $10,000. USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan KS 2009-2013. Casada, M.E., R.G. Maghirang, S.G. McNeill, M.D. Montross, S.A. Thompson (USDA-ARS-CGAHR, Kansas State Univ., Univ. of Kentucky, Univ. of Georgia). Developing New Stored Grain Packing Factors. USDA Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. $1,200,000.

Rathore, S.S.S., M.R. Paulsen, V. Sharma, and V. Singh. 2009. Optimization of yeast and enzyme dose for dry-grind corn fermentation process for ethanol production. Trans of ASABE. 52(3): 867-875. Rathore, S.S.S, M.R. Paulsen, B. Vidal, and V. Singh. 2009. Monitoring liquefaction unit operations in dry-grind ethanol process: Factors affecting hydrolysis and methods for analysis. Trans of ASABE. 52(5): 1639-1647. Paulsen, M.R. 2009. Determining Ethanol and Total Sugars with Fixed-Filter Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. International Fuel Ethanol Workshop, June 15 - 18, 2009, Denver, CO. BBI International. http://2009.fuelethanolworkshop.com/presentations/Paulson,%20Marvin.pdf Burgers, A. and C. R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2009. Prediction of fermentable starch content by near-infrared spectroscopy. Combined Congress 2009, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa. January, 2009. Oral presentation. Hurburgh, C.R. and C. L. Hardy. 2009. Near Infrared Based Quality Control for Distillers Grains. International Distillers Grains Conference and Fuel Ethanol Workshop. Denver, CO. June 14-17, 2009. Invited presentation. Burgers, A. and C. R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2009. Prediction of fermentable starch content of corn by near-infrared spectroscopy. AACC International Annual Meeting. Baltimore, Maryland. September 13-16, 2009. Oral presentation. Burgers, A. and C. R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2009. Prediction of fermentable starch content by near-infrared spectroscopy. Poster presentation. 13th Annual Distillers Grains Symposium. Des Moines, Iowa. April 22, 2009. Awarded student scholarship from Distillers Grains Council. Hardy, C.L., Glen R. Rippke, Charles R. Hurburgh, Walter A. Goldstein. 2009. Calibration of near-infrared whole grain analyzers for amino acid measurement in corn. AACC International Annual Meeting. Baltimore, Maryland. September 13-16, 2009. Igne, B , Jean-Michel Roger, Sylvie Roussel, Véronique Bellon-Maurel, and Charles R. Hurburgh. 2009. Improving the Transfer of Near Infrared Prediction Models by Orthogonal Methods, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 99 (2009) 5765). IGNE, B. and C.R. HURBURGH, Jr. 2009. Local chemometrics for samples and variables: Optimizing the calibration and standardization processes. J. Chemometrics (accepted  waiting for proofs). IGNE, B. and C. R. HURBURGH, Jr. 2009. Using the frequency components of near infrared spectra: Optimizing calibration and standardization processes. JNIRS (accepted - waiting for proofs) Koh, B. and Ng, P.K.W. 2009. Effects of ferulic acid and transglutaminase on hard wheat flour dough and bread. Cereal Chem 86:18-22. Ozturk, S., Koksel, H., Kahraman, K., and Ng, P.K.W. 2009. Effect of debranching and heat treatments on formation and functional properties of resistant starch from high amylose corn starches. European Food Research and Technology 229:115-125. Ozturk, S., Koksel, H., and Ng, P.K.W. 2009. Characterization of resistant starch samples prepared from two high-amylose maize starches through debranching and heat treatments. Cereal Chemistry 86(5):503-510. Ng, P.K.W., Lewis, J., and Nyombaire, G. MSU Wheat Quality Testing of Advanced Lines: Report on Milling and Baking Test Results for Selected Michigan-Grown Soft Wheats Harvested in 2008. January 2009. 37 pp. Rigdon, A.R. 2009. The use of molecular methods and the characterization of bacterial isolates from antifungal sourdough bread cultures. M.S. Thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. Zhang, Y., Simsek, S., Campanella, O., Ohm, J., Chang, H., Reuhs, B., and Mergoum, M. 2009. Rheological changes in refrigerated dough during storage in relation to proteins. Journal of Food Process Engineering. Article in press. Whitney, K., Simsek, S., Berzonsky, W., Ohm, J., and Sorenson, B. 2009. The Effect of Spring Wheat Starch Properties on Flour Tortilla Quality". Journal of Food Process Engineering. Article in press. Simsek, S. 2009. Application of xanthan gum for reducing syruping in refrigerated doughs. Food Hydrocolloids 23:2354-2358. Simsek, S., Ojanen-Reuhs, T., Marie, C., and Reuhs, B. 2009. An apigenin-induced decrease in K antigen production by Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234 is y4gM- and nodD1-dependent. Carbohydrate Research 344:1947-1950. Zhang, Y. and Simsek, S. 2009. Physicochemical Changes of Starch in Refrigerated Dough during Storage. Carbohydrate Polymers 78: 268-274. Simsek, S., and Ohm, J. 2009. Structural changes of arabinoxylans in refrigerated dough. Carbohydrate Polymers 77:87-94. Simsek, S. Analysis of cereal starches by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 2009. AACC International Meeting. Baltimore, MD. Cereal Foods World 54:A28. Whitney, K., Simsek, S., Anderson, J., Ohm, J., and Mergoum, M. 2009. Evaluation of arabinoxylans in hard red spring wheat grown in Minnesota for refrigerated dough production. AACC International Meeting. Baltimore, MD. Cereal Foods World 54:A71. Zhang, Y., Ohm, J., Mergoum, M., and Simsek, S. 2009. Fundamental rheology and protein comp osition changes in refrigerated dough. IFT Annual Meeting and Food Expo. Anaheim, CA. Simsek, S., Ohm, J., Zhang, Y., and Reuhs, B.L. 2009. Structural changes of arabinoxylans in refrigerated dough. IFT Annual Meeting and Food Expo. Anaheim, CA. Zhang, Y., Simsek, S., and Campanella, O. 2009. Changes of polysaccharides in refrigerated dough system during storage. IFT Annual Meeting and Food Expo. Anaheim, CA. Lee, K.M., Herrman, T.J. and Jones, B. 2009. Application of multivariate statistics in risk-based approach to regulatory compliance. Food Control 20:17-26a. Barros, F., Alviola, J.N. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Comparison of quality of refined and whole wheat tortillas. Journal of Cereal Science. (in press) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2009.10.001 Yeung, H., Ehlers, J.D., Waniska, R.D., Alviola, J.N. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Rapid screening methods to evaluate cowpea cooking characteristics. Field Crops Research 112:245-252. Dlamini, N., Dykes, L., Rooney, L.W., Waniska, R.D. and Taylor, J.R.N. 2009. Condensed tannins in traditional wet-cooked and modern extrusion-cooked sorghum porridges. Cereal Chem 86(2):191-196. Dykes, L., Seitz, Larry M., Rooney, W.L. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Flavonoid composition of red sorghum genotypes. Food Chem 116:313-317. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.052 Mondal, S., Hays, D.B., Alviola, J.N., Mason, R.E., Tilley, M., Waniska, R.D., Bean, S.R. and Glover, K.D. 2009. Functionality of gliadin proteins in wheat flour tortillas. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57 (4), 1600-1605. Awika, J.M., Yang, L., Browning, J.D., Faraj, A. 2009. Comparative antioxidant, antiproliferative and phase II enzyme inducing potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties. LWT - Food Science & Technology, 42, 1041-1046. Yang, L., Browning, J.D., Awika, J.M. 2009. Sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins possess strong phase II enzyme inducer activity and cancer cell growth inhibition properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 1797-1804. Mugode, L. 2009. Free amino nitrogen improvement in sorghum malt brewing. MS Thesis. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 95 pp (Dr. JRN Taylor, major professor with L. Rooney) Ribeiro de Barros, F. May 2009. Wheat flour tortilla: quality prediction and study of physical and textural changes during storage. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 187 pp. Gritsenko, M. May 2009. Effects of composite flours on quality and nutritional profile of flour tortillas. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 99 pp. Njongmeta, N.L.A. May 2009. Extractability profiling and antioxidant activity of flavonoids in sorghum grain and non-grain materials. PhD Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 232 pp. Yang, L.Y. Dec 2009. Chemopreventive potential of sorghum with different phenol profiles. MS Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 117 pp. Turner, N.D., Taddeo, S.S., Lewis, J.B., McDonough, C.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Rats consuming bran from black and brown sorghums have lower short chain fatty acid concentrations and fewer aberrant colonic crypts. FASEB J. 23:560.2. AACC Int'l Boswell, S., McDonough, C.M., and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Gelatin as a functional ingredient in gluten-free bread. American Association of Cereal Chemistry International (AACCi) Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A36. Boswell, S.E. and Lindsay, J. 2009. TruCous. Product Development Competition. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17 (4th Place). Jondiko, T. Alviola, J.N, Rooney, L.W. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Effects of resistant starch on the physical, sensory and textural properties of wheat flour tortillas. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A48. Ojwang, L. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Effect of bisulfite on color properties of 3-deoxyanthocyanins at different pH levels. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A57. Taleon, V., Dykes, L., Rooney. L.W. and Rooney, W.L. 2009. Effect of environment on flavonoid levels in sorghum grains. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A68. Turner, N.D., Taddeo, S.S., Lewis, J.B., McDonough, C.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Lower fecal short chain fatty acid concentrations in rats consuming polyphenol-rich sorghum bran containing diets are associated with fewer aberrant colonic crypts. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A69. Yang, L. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Inhibitory effect of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanin structure on esophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. AACCi Conference, Baltimore, MD, September 13-17. Cereal Foods World 54:A31 (2009 Best Student Research Paper Competition, 2nd place). Asif, M., Rooney, L.W., Riaz, M.N., Mack, C.A. 2009. Gluten free, sorghum-based, high fiber breakfast cereals. Sorghum Improvement Conference of North America, Amarillo, TX, August 11-12. Boswell, S.E., McDonough, C.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Production of sandwich style gluten-free, casein-free bread using white sorghum. Sorghum Improvement Conference of North America, Amarillo, TX, August 11-12. Oral Presentation and Poster awarded 3rd in competition. Lewis, J.B., Taddeo, S.S., McDonough, C.M., Rooney, L.W., Carroll, R.J., Turner, N.D. 2009. Some sorghum brans protect against oxidative stress during colon carcinogenesis in part by differentially influencing endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Sorghum Improvement Conference of North America, Amarillo, TX, August 11-12. Ojwang, L.O., Awika, J.M. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Effect of pyruvic acid and ascorbic acid on stability of sorghum pigments. Sorghum Improvement Conference of North America, Amarillo, TX, August 11-12. Taleon, V.M., Dykes, L., Rooney, W.L. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Effect of environment on flavonoid levels in sorghum grains. Sorghum Improvement Conference of North America, Amarillo, TX, August 11-12. IFT Boswell, S., McDonough, C. and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Production of a sandwich style gluten-free, casein-free bread. IFT Conference, Anaheim, CA, June 7-10. (Honorable Mention Award). Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Njongmeta-Nenge, L.A., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Color stability of black sorghum bran extracts under different pH and temperatures. IFT Conference, Anaheim, CA, June 7-10. Njongmeta, N.L.A., Dykes, L., Taleon-Alban, V.M and Rooney, L.W. 2009. Flavonoid profiles of non-grain plant tissues of some sorghum varieties compared to the grains. IFT Conference, Anaheim, CA, June 7-10. SICNA Yang, L. 2009. Potential of sorghum to protect against gastrointestinal cancer. SICNA Conference, Grapevine, TX, February 25-27. University Industry Consortium (UIC) Ojwang, L.O. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Effect of pyruvic acid and ascorbic acid on stability of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. TAMU Industry Consortium (UIC), College Station, TX, April 28. Yang, L. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Potential of sorghum phenols to protect against gastrointestinal cancer. TAMU Industry Consortium (UIC), College Station, TX, April 28. Student Research Week Jondiko, T. 2009. Effects of resistant starch on the quality of wheat flour tortillas. 12th Annual Student Research Week, College Station, TX, March 23-27. Ojwang, L.O. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Effect of pyruvic acid and ascorbic acid on stability of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins.12th Annual Student Research Week, College Station, TX, March 23-27. Yang, L. and Awika, J.M. 2009. Potential of sorghum phenols to protect against gastrointestinal cancer. 12th Annual Student Research Week, College Station, TX, March 23-27. Nansen C., Sidumo, A.J. 2009. Using spatial structure analysis of reflectance data to assess spider mite stress in maize plants. Entomological Society of America Conference in Indianapolis, Dec 13-16, 2009. Sidumo A.J., Nansen, C., Gharalari, A.H., Vaugh, K. 2009. Spider mites response to water stress of corn. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America conference in Indianapolis, Dec 13-16, 2009. Sidumo, A., Vaughn, K., Nansen, C., Porter, P. 2009. Influence of drought stress, spider mites and hybrid selection on corn silage, grain yields and mycotoxins. Entomology Science Conference, College Station, Texas A&M, Nov. 2-4, 2009. Pearson, T.C., Brabec, D.L., and Dogan, H. 2007. Discrimination of soft and hard white wheat kernels using the single kernel characterization system parameters and kernel imaging. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. (2009) 3:89-99 Carver, B. F., Hunger, R. M., Edwards, J. T., Rayas-Duarte, P., Klatt, A. R., Porter, D. R., Seabourn, B. W., Bai, G-H., Dowell, F. E., Yan, L-L, and Martin, B. C. 2008. Registration of Guymon wheat. J. Plant Reg. 2(1):33-35. Log no. 208816. Dowell, F.E., Maghirang, E.B., Graybosch, R.A., Berzonsky, W.A., and Delwiche S.R. 2009. Selecting and sorting waxy wheat kernels using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cereal Chem. 86(3):251-255. Log No. 233432. Brown, B. & Hurburgh, C.R. (2009). Maize to Milk: An analysis of the traceability systems of bulk commodities. Poster presented at TRACE 5th Annual Meeting, Munich, Germany, April 1-3, 2009. Brown, B. & Hurburgh, C.R. 2009. Maize to Milk: An analysis of the traceability systems of bulk commodities. Poster presented at: 6th Annual BIGMAP Symposium, Ames, Iowa, April 22-23, 2009. Maitri Thakur and Charles R. Hurburgh. 2009. Internal Traceability Database Modeling for a Grain Elevator, Poster presented at TRACE ¬ 5th Annual meeting and conference, Freising, Germany, April 1-3, 2009. Maitri Thakur and Charles R. Hurburgh. 2009. Operational techniques to facilitate traceability in a bulk grain supply chain, Agricultural and Food Traceability Conference, Des Moines, Iowa. June 9-11.2009. Maitri Thakur, Lizhi Wang, Charles R. Hurburgh, 2009. A lot aggregation optimization model for minimizing food traceability effort, ASABE Annual International Meeting, Reno, Nevada, June 21-24, 2009. Paper 095727. Maitri Thakur, Charles R. Hurburgh. 2009. Framework for implementing traceability system in the bulk grain supply chain. Journal of Food Engineering 95:617-626. Thakur, M. and K.M. Donnelly. 2009. Traceability of soya beans: Specifications for the information to be recorded in the soya bean farming, handling (elevator) and processing establishments and other links in the soya bean product distribution chain. Report 31/2009. Nofima Market, Tromsoe, Norway. Majoni, S., and T. Wang. Characterization of deposit in corn oil and corn oil extracted from corn fermentation co-products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. In-press. Schorno, A., Manthey, F., Hall, C. 2009. Effect of seed moisture content on flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) milling and milled product characteristics. J. Sci. Food Agric. 89:2317-2322. Schorno, A., Manthey, F., Hall, C. 2009. Effect of immature and off-colored seeds on the lipid quality of milled flaxseed. J. Food Lipids 16:407-420. Popova, I. E.; Hall, C.; Kubatova, A. 2009. Determination of lignans in flaxseed using liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography, A . 1216 (2): 217-229. Wei, Q.; Wolf-Hall, C; Hall III, C. 2009. Application of Raisin Extracts as Preservatives in Liquid Bread and Bread Systems. J. Food Sci. 74: M177-M184. Sandhu, K., Manthey, F.A., and Elias, E.M. 2009. High Relative Humidity Affects Vitreousness of Durum Wheat {Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf)}. Cereal Res. Comm. 37:269-275. Ramos, O., 2009. Physical Properties, Water Absorption Rate, Equilibrium Moisture Content, and NIR Composition of Yellow, White, and Specialty type Maize Hybrids. MS Thesis, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN. Park, E.Y. Baik, B.-K., and Lim, S.-T. 2009. Influences of temperature-cycled storage on retrogradation and in vitro digestibility of waxy maize starch gel. J. Cereal Sci. 50:43-48. Nair, S.G., Ullrich, S.E., and Baik, B.-K. 2009. Structural differences in diverse barley lines for SKCS hardness index. AACCI Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, September 2009. Abstract for oral presentation. Cereal Foods World 54:A24. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2009/abstracts/o09ma48.htm. Baik, B.-K., Lee, J., Byun, M., Kim, J., Kim, J., and Lim, 2009. Irradiation as a tool for modifying physiochemical characteristics of rice flours and rice cake quality. AACCI Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, September 2009. Abstract for poster presentation. Cereal Foods World 54:A34. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2009/abstracts/p09ma06.htm. Park, S. ., and Baik, B.-K. 2009. Significance of the proportion and composition of albumins on in vitro protein digestibility of raw and cooked pea seeds. AACCI Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, September 2009. Abstract for poster presentation. Cereal Foods World 54:A59. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2009/abstracts/p09ma142.htm. Zhou, X., Lim, S.-T., and Baik, B.-K. 2009. Effects of temperature cycling and starch concentration on retrogradation of waxy and normal corn starches. AACCI Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, September 2009. Abstract for poster presentation. Cereal Foods World 54:A74. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2009/abstracts/p09ma221.htm. Boac, J.M., R.G. Maghirang, M.E. Casada, J.D. Wilson, and J. Yoon-Sung. 2009. Size distribution and rate of dust generated during grain elevator handling. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25(4): 533-541. Casada, M.E., and P.R. Armstrong. 2009. Evaluation of fringing field capacitive sensor for wheat moisture measurements. Transactions of the ASABE 52(5): 1785-1791. Gonzales, H.B., P.R. Armstrong, R.G. Maghirang. 2009. Simultaneous monitoring of stored grain with relative humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide sensors. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25(4) 595-604. Thakur, M., G.A. Mosher, B. Brown, G.S. Bennet, H.E. Shepherd, and C.R. Hurburgh, 1-3 April 2009, Traceability in the bulk grain supply chain. Poster presented at the TRACE 5th Annual Meeting and Conference, Freising, Germany. April 1-3, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009 Methodology to Insure U.S. Genetically Modified (GM) Grain Sales into Approved Foreign MarketsIntegrating ISO Traceability Standards with Agricultural Quality Management Systems. Poster presented at the TRACE - 5th Annual Meeting and Conference, Freising, Germany. April 1-3, 2009. Brown, B. & Hurburgh, C.R. (2009). Maize to Milk: An analysis of the traceability systems of bulk commodities. Poster presented at TRACE 5th Annual Meeting, Munich, Germany, April 1-3, 2009. Hurburgh, C. R. 2009. Tracing bulk grains. TRACE 5th Annual Meeting, Munich, Germany, April 1-3, 2009. Invited oral presentation. Maitri Thakur, Gretchen A. Mosher, Brittini Brown, Gregory S. Bennet, Howard E.Shepherd, Charles R. Hurburgh, 2009. Traceability in the bulk grain supply chains. Resource: Engineering and Technology for a Sustainable World, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, April/May 2009:20-22. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Food Traceability  The Next Step  Integrating Supply Chain Management (Logistics) WITH Quality Management Systems (QMS). Poster presented at the Food and Fuel Crops: Issues, Policies, and Regulations, 2009 BIGMAP Symposium, Ames, Iowa. April 22-23, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Methodology to Insure U.S. Genetically Modified (GM) Grain Sales into Approved Foreign MarketsIntegrating ISO Traceability Standards with Agricultural Quality Management Systems (QMS). Poster presented at the 10th CSL/JIFSAN (Central Science Laboratory)(Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition) Symposium: Methods and Systems for Tracking, Tracing and Verifying Foods, Greenbelt Marriott Hotel, Greenbelt, Maryland. May 13-15, 2009. Hurburgh, C. R. 2009. Bulk materials traceability. 10th CSL/JIFSAN Symposium, College Park, Maryland, May 13-15, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Advances in Traceability Systems  The Integration of Supply Chain Logistics and Quality Control Systems (QCS). Presented at the TRACE R & D 2009, A Research & Development Conference & Strategic Workshop for Agriculture and Food Traceability, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. June 3-4, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Advances in Traceability Systems  The Integration of Supply Chain Logistics and Quality Control Systems (QCS). Poster presented at the TRACE R & D 2009, A Research & Development Conference & Strategic Workshop for Agriculture and Food Traceability, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. June 3-4, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Methodology to Insure U.S. Genetically Modified (GM) Grain Sales into Approved Foreign MarketsIntegrating ISO Traceability Standards with Agricultural Quality Management Systems (QMS). Poster presented at the Food & Agricultural Traceability Conference & Workshop, Des Moines, Iowa. June 9-11, 2009. Bennet, G.S., and C.R. Hurburgh. 2009. Advances in Traceability Systems  The Integration of Supply Chain Logistics and Quality Control Systems (QCS). Poster presented at the Food & Agricultural Traceability Conference & Workshop, Des Moines, Iowa. Hurburgh, C.R. 2009. Quality and Quantity; Its the Business. Invited presentation. Operations Management and Technology Seminar, Grain Elevator and Processing Society. St. Louis, MO, July 28, 2009. Mosher, G.A., Freeman, S.A., Field, D.W. & Hurburgh, C.R. 2009. Development of a quality management course for adult learners using backward design. Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) 2009 Conference Proceedings Refereed Paper. Mosher, G.A., Laux, C.M. & Hurburgh, C.R. 2009. Using mock recall data to measure continuous quality improvement. Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) 2009 Conference Proceedings Refereed Paper. Maitri Thakur and Charles R. Hurburgh. 2009. Traceability activities in the United States and the TRACE project. Final TRACE conference How to trace the origin of food? 2-3 December 2009 - Autoworld - Brussels  Belgium Charles R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2009. Feasibility of Bulk Material Traceability. Invited Presentation. FDA-FSIS Food Traceability Public Meeting. Washington, D.C. December 12, 2009. Mosher, G.A., and C. R. Hurburgh, Jr. 2009. COEXISTENCE AND ECONOMY AND TRANSGENIC PLANT RISK. The Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food (In Press). Mosher, G. A., Charles Hurburgh and Howard Shepherd. 2009. Quality management systems in grain operations. 10-unit distance education course for the Grain Elevator and Processing Society distance education program, offered in January 2010. Hurburgh, C.R. and C. L. Hardy. 2009. Near Infrared Based Quality Control for Distillers Grains. International Distillers Grains Conference and Fuel Ethanol Workshop. Denver, CO. June 14-17, 2009. Charles Hurburgh and Connie Hardy. 2009. Corn quality and agronomic issues relating to ethanol production. Proc Integrated Crop Management Conference, Iowa State University Extension, December 3, 2009. Alison Robertson, Charles Hurburgh, Gary Munkvold and Steve Ensley. 2009. Impact of hail damage on corn quality. Proc Integrated Crop Management Conference, Iowa State University Extension, December 3, 2009. Charles Hurburgh, Chad Hart, and Connie Hardy. 2009. Current technologies and status of grain-based biofuels. Growing the Bioeconomy. Multi-State Conference. Iowa State University, Ames, IA. December 1, 2009