Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Juan Osorno called the meeting to order at 1:30 PM and Steve Noffsinger took minutes. The previous meeting minutes and agenda were passed out by Mark Brick. Participants were welcomed and introduced themselves. Howard Schwartz moved to approve the minutes and agenda, Jim Steadman 2nd the motion to approve, and the motion carried. New Business W-1150 award: Mike Harrington talked about the W-1150 award. Members put it together last year, and the Western Regional Experiment Stations put together one for a regional certificate award with the names of people who helped with it, plus a plaque from the Experiment Station Directors. Mark Brick stated were in the process of getting an Administrative Advisor, and we may have one already. Mike Harrington serves as a liaison between the Western Experiment Station Directors and the USDA. CREATE-21: Mike Harrington talked about CREATE-21 (http://www.create-21.org/) a project to update the partnership between the USDA and land-grant and related universities to Create Research, Extension and Teaching Education for the 21st century. With regard to the proposed reorganization of the USDA under one umbrella, they never intended for anyone to lose identity or getting their money. It was supposed to get a bigger piece of the pie and increased recognition of the USDA as a scientific entity. It also was supposed to strengthen USDA science. Juan Osorno stated that Jim Nienhuis compiled the information for the award. Mark Brick moved that we collectively thank Jim Nienhuis, Jim Beaver 2nd, and the motion passed. Juan Osorno said the document is online and he will distribute it. W-1150 renewal: Juan Osorno discussed renewal of the W-1150 document. Juan and Shree Singh both wanted to modify the title and were looking for ideas. Objectives for the renewal document were discussed: To improve yield potential and resistance/tolerance to major abiotic and biotic stresses affecting bean production (includes disease resistance, drought, and compaction); To study and implement efficient agronomic production practices for better yields and sustainability of agricultural systems; To have a better understanding of the genetic aspects related to nutritional quality and health benefits of beans and its potential impact in human wellness; and To broaden the genetic base of bean cultivars of major market classes by using germplasm conversion. Juan stated that he will send a new version of the W-1150 renewal document and it will be due back to him by the 1st week of December. It is due in January 2010. Shree Singh wanted emphasis on collaboration as shown in the nurseries, etc. Juan Osorno stated that Carlos Urrea will help with references. Howard Schwartz and Juan Osorno stated that everyone will need to send Milestones year by year for 2011-2015. Juan stated that our current W-1150 runs out in July 2010. Juan said he will make sure the W-1150 renewal document flows and he will move it through to submission. Report on CDBN (Phil Miklas) There are 18 entries and 2 checks (Othello for pinto and northern and T-39 for navy and black market classes). No Andean types were submitted. Eleven sites where planted, not including the rust nursery and observation plots for Idaho Seed Bean. The fee structure set up is $150/entry public; $300/entry private. Phil reduced the amount of seed to match the amount for distribution to 12 locations. The minimum amount of data id s yield, and seed weight, maturity and other date is helpful if available. Phil will send data to John Rayapati to analyze. Phil will send seed to jim Beaver for replicated trials in Puerto Rico. Phil will send out a request for data and entries soon. More entries are needed. Seeds need to be western grown and bacteria free. White mold nursery: Jim Steadman said it is coming up. For 9 entries in multi-site locations, he needs 5 lbs of seed plus a small amount for the greenhouse screen. Winter nursery: Jim Beaver needs seed by the 1st of December for his winter nursery. Old Business Annual Station Reports: California Davis (Paul Gepts): 1. In Mexico, they studied field components of genetic diversity in wild germplasm and landraces. 2. For the genes in domestication syndrome, you need 2 loci for individual beans because the interactions matter between genes. They looked at days to flowering and other traits, 3. They have a MAS project with Africa, and the database and DNA sequencing are at Davis. They hope everyone will use the database and maybe the repository at UC Davis. Karen Cichy asked if they have done the determinate locus. Paul Gepts replied they've tried to associate it with the phenotype. Juan asked could they use determinate soybean? Paul Gepts replied sure, dt1 and dt2. Jim Myers said he may have a mutant different from fin. Karen Cichy asked is the determinate gene in the root and not the shoot? Shelby is looking at that; among mutants at the fin locus, that represent 70% of genotypes which raises the question why is that mutation so widespread? Someone commented that a QTL, ppb locus is there; maybe the whole region is responsible for growth habit. California Riverside (Giles Waines): There were interesting outcrossing results in beans. The bumble bee seems to be the best for F1 seed production. Carpenter bees don't seem to do this well. Honey bees will do F1 crosses if you put them in the field but they are not as good as the bumble bees. There was 80% outcrossing with a large plot of Mimulus close by to attract bumble bee pollinators. A small blue butterfly transfers pollen late in season. Mark Bassetts male sterile line which was homozygous recessive, is much smaller, and the seeds may be much lighter > perhaps there is a technique for separating seeds before planting? They are black-seeded at the moment and in 5-593, which is not the best genotype for study in southern California. Nebraska (Carlos Urrea and Jim Steadman): 10-15% of beans were still in the field because planting was delayed due to a heavy rain at planting season. Carlos is testing for bacterial wilt resistance in the CIAT collection (1700 accessions including P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolius, and P. dumosus), 93.6% of the collection is susceptible to the Nebraska race, some are showing resistance (1.7%) and they need to retest. One line from the USDA core collection was tested 5 times to 7 different bacterial wilt isolates. It showed resistance. It is a wild bean. Lines from the regional trials, WRBT and MRPN, were tested to CBB in North Platte. Nine elite lines (5 great northern and 4 pinto) were tested in growers fields and had better yield than the local great northern (Orion, Marquis and Beryl-R) and pintos (Poncho and Othello). Seventeen white mold field/greenhouse tests were conducted at 11 locations by cooperators in 2008-09. Every location now uses the same protocol for rating the greenhouse straw test screening method. In analysis of data from 156 S. Sclerotiorum isolates collected across all major bean production areas of the U.S., 64 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) were identified. Thus genetic variability was relatively high. Elite NE germplasm and recent GN release Coyne have 2-3 resistance genes and are resistant to the new Michigan and North Dakota races. Western Regional Bean Trial coordinator: compiled and summarized data (ID, WA, CO, and NE). A M.Sc. student is testing lines coming from the drought selection project for Rhizoctonia solani resistance. Maryland (Talo Pastor-Corrales): He developed cultivars with Mark Brick and Carlos Urrea and released one line with resistance to rust, ABC-Weihing. Mark Brick's 1st pinto has 1 or 2 genes, Ur-11. Talo is doing conversion with Carlos and Idaho. Pintos with resistance genes may have 2-3 additional genes. He is working with Phil Griffiths and Tim Porch on heat tolerance and genes for resistance. CBDN was tested for bean rust. Puerto Rico (Tim Porch): He is doing some shuttle breeding work with Nebraska; some reds, pintos, navies, and blacks look good. They have additional material to cross (wild) besides the bean classes. Some lines came through root rot and CBB as well. Additional lines are black, heat tolerant and drought tolerant from backcrosses. Over 2,000 M4 EMS mutagenized lines have been generated in the BAT 93 genetic background and TILLING protocols are being tested and optimized with several gene specific primers. Puerto Rico (Jim Beaver): The light red kidney bean variety 'Badillo' was released by the UPR Ag. Research Extension and TARS/USDA. Badillo has BCMV and common blight resistance. White and pinto lines have been developed that combine resistance to BGYMV, BCMNV, and rust. Bean breeding lines with enhanced resistance to web blight have been developed. Resistance to common blight is conferred by a single dominant gene. During the past year, 2891 been breeding lines from MSU, UNL, NDSU, and USDA-ARS were advanced one generation in a winter nursery. Colorado State (Mark Brick and Howard Schwartz): Mark participated in the MRPN. Results from genetic studies on resistance to white mold revealed that genes for white mold resistance from common and scarlet runner bean can be combined to provide high levels of resistance and validated that marker assisted selection should improve white mold resistance. We completed development of a breeding population to introgress genes for white mold resistance into adapted pinto germplasm (USPT-WM 1), and started to phenotype and genotype the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. CO 29258 has decent architecture, Ur-11, is pretty susceptible to CBB and doesn't yield. It prefers sand hills, and narrow rows. During 2009, the western network of more than 35 Sentinel Plot specialists and observers monitored more than 60 legume (primarily common bean or Phaseolus vulgaris) plots in 9 U.S. states, 1 Mexican state, and 3 Canadian provinces from May to September for priority pests and diseases. There were no suspicious samples of soybean rust or soybean aphid detected in any Sentinel Plot or commercial field of legume in Colorado and the western region during 2009. However, other pests such as white mold, the bacterial blight complex, and various viruses were widely scattered and caused light to severe damage in selected sites. Washington (Phil Miklas): They have characterized the Pse-2 gene for halo blight, did synteny work with soybean for linkage group 10, found resistance to 7 of 9 races with the recessive gene in some and the dominant gene in most, and a hypersensitivity response to race 3 and 4. For Pse-2 the resistance to races 3 and 4 is not associated with I gene. The Pse 3 locus has hypersensitivity to halo blight, and there is not a break in linkage of I gene and this locus. They are starting a bacterial wilt project with Parthiba in Lethbridge and may see resistance which could be mapped. For white mold, they finished with 2 populations and QTLs mapped to the same loci as previous locations. They are moving Co-42 into Andean types; Co-5 into Durango types. They are working with slow darkening pinto using the UV light test. Some lines are too light and dont have enough contrast for the commercial industry. Phil Miklas and Rich Larsen finished clover yellow vein testing using the bc-3 gene. They found a recombinant with eif4-e but not bc-3 using a marker. This marker is public. The bc-12 gene is linked to peanut mottle. They finished up QTLs for B-6 and b-7 for curly top. They may combine the QTL with a major gene and look at testing with Shrees viruluferous leafhoppers. They are continuing CBB interaction studies. They worked with Deidre Fourie using lines with SU91 and BC20 separately, or none, and experienced no yield drag in low disease environment. Talo stated that halo blight is increasing in Nebraska, North Dakota, Colorado and lots of places (including Wyoming). Phil Miklas is characterizing genes, and he needs someone to test to see if they are the same or different. The Wyoming strain is destroying Andean types. Idaho (Shree Singh): Idaho had a lot of snow on October 4, 2009 but he was able to harvest everything. The white mold in the greenhouse was fine but the field didnt have white mold. Shree is working on white mold resistance with P. coccineus resistance background. In some interspecifics, the white mold resistance looks good. The Othello interspecifics don't look good (may be due to the combining ability). Shree is collaborating with Prosser, WA on resistance to leafhopper carrying BCTV with BGYMV (Bgm-1 gene). Halo blight in Wyoming could affect seed certification. Oregon (Jim Myers): OSU 5630 is out with the processors, no particular problems seen. White mold breeding is still the main objective with the Bush Blue Lake types. Miles Barrett finished pyramiding G122 resistance into BBL material but it was not better than NY6020, because G122 and NY6020 have the same QTLs. Jim Nienhuis group reported that in a G122 derived population, a B8 QTL in addition to the T Phaseolin (B7 QTL) group had the highest scores. NY6020 works well in snaps, G122 in dry beans. Miles Barrett did an association mapping study with markers and screening with the straw test. Two RAPD markers were significant but T phaseolin locus wasnt significant. Both markers were Mesoamerican in origin and while B18 is unmapped, C8 is on B6. The combined effect of the 2 markers is 1.6 units (sig) and the material is not known in snap white mold resistance. Preliminary data will be needed to follow up, and maybe do a straw test in/for BeanCap. Michigan (Karen Cichy): She started there in July and got a lot of help from people in BIC. Karen would like to screen for low stachyose and use 8 lines with different class types for quality trait screening. Jim Kelly stated there is a black bean RIL with shiny and dull seed coat that could maybe be used to develop a map for the leaching trait. Someone asked does leaching affect antioxidants? Someone needs to look at the zinc deficiency gene and improve the related QTL mapping Michigan (Jim Kelly): The MSU breeding program has moved to a new research farm, near Frankenmuth, MI which is more in a bean growing area. It has a lighter, true loam soil which produces good yields. Results from 2009 trials MRPN, Mark Bricks pintos look good. New MSU pinto which stays green until maturity and then drops leaves, stays upright, and has a true navy bean upright architecture yields well and is suited for direct harvest. With regards to anthracnose race 73, some growers replanted their own seed. They planted resistant fields next to susceptible, and brought back the anthracnose problem in 2009. The breeding program is close to having a Co-42 release variety for anthracnose resistance in navy and black bean. One MSU navy line was the only resistant line to the new Michigan rust, according to data from Talo.. They had rust in Michigan in 2007, but hardly any in 2008. In 2009, they saw more rust and some fields were 100% affected while others had almost none. The new race may have fitness/vitality issues. New vine cranberry line with type IIb or IIIa growth habit is under consideration for release. The line cans well as cranberry type, good quality, stands up, has the I gene, but is white mold susceptible. Some kidneys from Jim Beaver didnt have problems, and stood up well to white mold, providing adapted; new varieties: Zorro looked good, retains color (Condor parentage; CBB, I gene, lacks anthracnose resistance). 115M black is resistant to rust (Talo confirmed) and the resistance mapped to linkage group B4. North Dakota (Juan Osorno): A new Stampede came out for purification of the Ur-11 gene. Rust is usually found in late material at the end of the cycle. They are finding it in commercial fields but it is not causing economic damage. Rubella found Fusarium specific high resistance in pintos and secondary root proliferation. Foundation seed fields in Wyoming had halo blight. There were symptoms on pods but not on the leaves (which isn't normal), mainly in pintos. They now have a canning facility at NDSU; Jim Kelly and his group helped set up the protocols. The 1st run was 2 weeks ago. They could collaborate on canning, once protocol is developed. A student showed the results of direct harvesting vs. windrows. Theyre doing drought tolerance studies with Tim Porch, Carlos Urrea, and Mark Brick. They have bacterial blight pressure every year in North Dakota. Last year with fuel costs, direct harvest was better. 50% of growers direct harvest with pintos and undercut. North Dakota (Rubella Goswami): She received an email from Dr. Berlin Nelson, wanting to do a collaborative project on SCN resistance because of soybean. Berlin needs germplasm to screen. If you have anything for screening for root rot, contact Rubella. Election of new Secretary for 2010: Rubella Goswami was elected as a W1150 secretary for 2010. W-1150 site for Feb 2011: Mark Brick moved for Tucson, AZ with Judy Brown; Jim Meyers 2nd, the motion passed. Mark Brick moved to close the meeting, Shree Singh 2nd the motion, and we adjourned at 5:01 PM.

Milestone Accomplishments (2009): To develop and release new cultivars and breeding lines resistant to curly top, bean golden mosaic, common and halo bacterial blights, Fusarium root rot and wilt, rust, and/or white mold by 2010, identification of new sources of resistance, inheritance of resistance, including identification and tagging of resistance alleles and QTL, needs to be completed by 2009. Also by 2009, most of crossing or population developments, and early generation selections should be accomplished; and state, regional and national testing of new breeding lines initiated. Cultivars/ Germplasm Two upright early maturing pinto breeding lines were developed by University of Idaho, IPO8-1 and IP08-2. IP08-1 is susceptible to bean rust and IP08-2 was resistant to BCMV and bean common rust. IP08-2 was susceptible to white mold in greenhouse test. Nine lines from the Idaho Dry Bean Trial (IDBT), comprising 49 pinto breeding lines and check cultivars, were selected for further evaluations. Fifteen F1s and 11 F2s populations were screened under low soil fertility conditions at Kimberly. Approximately 700 individual plant selections were made for further evaluations. The light red kidney bean variety 'Badillo' was released by the UPR Ag. Research Extension and TARS/USDA. 'Badillo' has BCMV and common blight resistance. The release and adoption of this cultivar should improve seed quality of light red beans produced in Puerto Rico and other countries in the Caribbean. White and pinto lines have been developed that combine resistance to BGYMV, BCMNV, and rust. Bean breeding lines with enhanced resistance to web blight have been developed. Resistance to common blight is conferred by a single dominant gene. Germplasm from the core collections and elite lines and cultivars from U.S. breeding programs were tested under drought in these same locations. Superior lines from the shuttle breeding program are being considered for release. Advanced lines with root rot and CBB resistance and tolerance to low fertility, resulting from two cycles of recurrent selection, were evaluated in under root rot and CBB pressure in Geneva, New York. These lines will continue to be evaluated for potential release. Several kidney germplasm lines will be released for heat tolerance that have been evaluated under high night temperatures in the greenhouse (Cornell) and under high daytime temperatures in Juana Diaz, PR. Several black bean lines with CBB, heat, and drought tolerance are being considered for release. The confirmation of moderate resistance in bean seed classes for Nebraska allows breeding for white mold resistance combined with resistance to other diseases in agronomically superior bean lines. The discovery of a new race of bean rust in NE as well as MI and ND challenges recently released rust resistant bean varieties that are now susceptible. Elite NE germplasm and recent GN release Coyne have 2-3 resistance genes and are resistant to the new race. Genes for drought and heat tolerance, bacterial wilt resistance, and common bacterial wilt resistance are being introgressed into elite NE germplasm. Nine elite lines (5 great northern and 4 pinto) were tested in growers fields and had better yield than the local great northern (Orion, Marquis and Beryl-R) and pintos (Poncho and Othello). Most of the acreage grown by the snap bean industry in Oregon is OR 91G but a recent release, OSU 5630 now occupies about 1/3 of the acreage. OSU 5630 is showing about a one T/A yield advantage, and has better uniformity and quality than OR 91G. An advanced breeding line, OSU 6443 is being considered for release. It has about ½ T/A higher yield advantage over OSU 5630, and possesses very high quality pods and a significantly better growth habit. Pyramiding of the G122 Pv7 and the NY6020 Pv8 QTL is a short term goal in achieving white mold resistant BBL green bean cultivars. The Pv7 QTL was backcrossed into a BBL background while breaking the linkage with seed color. The NY6020 Pv8 QTL was introduced through a single cross. High levels of CBB resistance in black, navy, pinto, red and great northern market classes have been identified in Michigan. With few exceptions the highest-yielding entries in all tests had the highest levels of CBB resistance. Yields were favorable despite the disease pressure and averaged 24-31 cwt/acre and the best lines exceeded 35 cwt/acre. Trials at Montcalm were severely damaged by white mold in 2009 and yields reflected damage due to the disease. The cranberry beans were the most susceptible followed by kidneys, but certain lines that showed more tolerance were identified. One family in particular had significantly less white mold and this was reflected in high yields equivalent to 50% higher than the commercial check (30 cwt/acre versus 20 cwt/acre). Certified seed was produced of three new varieties, Zorro black, Santa Fe pinto, and Fuji otebo bean in 2009. Germplasm exchange has been facilitated by some regional trials such as the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN), the Midwest Regional Performance Nursery (MRPN), and the Western Regional Bean Trial (WRBT). National Testing: 20 cultivars and advanced breeding lines from seven breeders, including two checks, representing four market classes(12 pinto, 4 black, 3 navy, and 1 otebo), entered into the 2009 CDBN. Data collected from 10 locations (CA, CO, MI, MT, ND, NE, NY, ON, WA, WY) showed Lariat pinto, Eclipse black, and Lightning navy bean, to have the highest yields for the respective market classes. Half of the entries exhibited resistance to rust in the ARS Beltsville field disease nursery. Regional Testing: Twenty-one and 29 cultivars and lines were tested into the WRBT and the MRPN, respectively. In the WRBT grown at Fort Collins, CO; Mitchell, NE; and Othello and Prosser, WA, NE1-08-29 and PT7-2 had the highest yield across locations for the great northern and pinto bean classes, respectively. In the MRPN tested at Hatton, ND; Mitchell, NE; Frankenmuth, MI; and Fort Collins, CO, NE1-08-29 and CO 34142 had the highest across locations for the great northern and pinto bean classes, respectively. Seventeen white mold field/greenhouse tests were conducted at 11 locations by cooperators in 2008-09. Every location now uses the same protocol for rating the greenhouse straw test screening method. Use of the CIAT disease reaction scale in field nurseries also provides more informative results for bean breeders and pathologists, and it allows screening field sites with low infection to be identified. Colorado State University coordinated the IPM Legume PIPE western network of sentinel plots throughout the western U.S. (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming), Mexico (Sonora) and Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Sasketchewan) to monitor for the occurrence of soybean rust (SBR), common rust, root rots, the soybean aphid (SBA), legume viruses (e.g., Bean common mosaic, Alfalfa mosaic, Beet curly top), white mold and common bacterial blight. During 2009, the western network of more than 35 Sentinel Plot specialists and observers monitored more than 60 legume (primarily common bean or Phaseolus vulgaris) plots in 9 U.S. states, 1 Mexican state, and 3 Canadian provinces from May to September for priority pests and diseases. There were no suspicious samples of soybean rust or soybean aphid detected in any Sentinel Plot or commercial field of legume in Colorado and the western region during 2009. However, other pests such as white mold, the bacterial blight complex, and various viruses were widely scattered and caused light to severe damage in selected sites. Timely reporting in the west also allowed pest management specialists to advise crop consultants, insurance adjustors and growers regarding disease and insect pest status and threat. As a result, thousands of acres of legumes were not sprayed needlessly with a preventive fungicide or insecticide which provided economic benefits to growers and reduced chemical exposure to the environment and food supply. QTL Results from genetic studies and QTL for resistance to white mold revealed that genes for white mold resistance from common and scarlet runner bean can be combined to provide high levels of resistance and validated that marker assisted selection should improve white mold resistance. Development of a breeding population was completed to introgress genes for white mold resistance into adapted pinto germplasm (USPT-WM 1), and started to phenotype and genotype the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Utility of molecular markers for facilitating introgression of CBB resistance into various common bean market classes was investigated. A cross was made between two dark red kidney breeding lines DRK 27 (white/lilac striped [wl] flowers, lighter seed color, intermediate response to CBB and lacks BC420) and DRK 26 (purple [P] flowers, a darker seed color, resistant response to CBB and has BC420). The F1 had lilac (L) flower color, the darker seed color, a resistant response to CBB and the BC420 marker. In the F2 and F3, all plants with P or L flower color had the darker seed color and the BC420 marker, indicating no recombination among these traits. Most plants with wl flower color had the lighter seed color, an intermediate response to CBB and lacked BC420. However, in the F3, three plants were found with wl flowers, the lighter seed color, a resistant CBB response, but lacked BC420. This is consistent with transgressive segregation of an unlinked CBB QTL, which could be very useful in breeding for CBB resistance in market classes with light colored seed coats. Preliminary field trials in S. Africa tested the yield drag effects from deployment of SU91 and BC420 QTL into Teebus white bean. Under high disease pressure SU91 QTL had the most positive effect on yield. Under low disease pressure BC420 QTL exhibited slight yield drag, and also a negative effect on canning quality. Major QTLs associated with A. euteiches, F. oxysporum, F. solani, P. ultimum, and R. solani are independent, indicating that it may be possible to use molecular markers to pyramid resistance to all five soil borne pathogens tested in the Eagle x Puebla 152 RIL population. The population OR 91G/PI25596 (115 lines) was characterized phenotypically in the greenhouse and field, and genotypically with 98 SSR and 59 AFLP markers. The linkage map consisted of 11 linkage groups that corresponded to 9 of the 11 core map linkage groups. Composite Interval Mapping revealed QTL on Pv2, Pv6 and Pv9 that collectively explained 34.7% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL on Pv2 and Pv6 were also associated with resistance in the straw test and explained 18.6% of phenotypic variation. Pv1, Pv5, and Pv8 were not represented in this population and a high level of segregation distortion was observed. A number of polymorphic SSRs were unlinked, and based on their position on the bean consensus map, we infer that large regions of the linkage groups had reverted to common bean. The Pv2 and Pv9 QTL are located near markers that are in chromosome regions associated with WM resistance QTL in common bean. We identified eight BCIB lines that have WM resistance levels statistically similar to partially resistant common bean checks G122, NY6020, and Ex Rico over three field seasons. For white mold, DNA synteny between P. vulgaris and G. max was leveraged for fine mapping QTL conditioning resistance to white mold in common bean. The QTL on LG7 and LG8, appear to be homologous with QTL in soybean on chromosomes Gm17 and Gm02, respectively. Interaction studies for QTL on LG2, 7, and 8, in inbred line populations revealed that a combination of QTL only gave a slight increase in level of resistance in the straw test compared to the level of effect for individual QTL. For potyvirus, preliminary studies revealed that the bc-12 locus conditioning resistance to BCMV was associated with resistance to Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV). Over 2,000 M4 EMS mutagenized lines have been generated in the BAT 93 genetic background and TILLING protocols are being tested and optimized with several gene specific primers. (2009): To enhance consumer acceptance of beans and promote new bean products by 2010, the laboratory, preclinical, and clinical trials needed for the identification of health benefits associated with beans and the bean constituents responsible for these benefits need to be finished, and necessary food processing technologies made available by 2009. Research on the health benefits of beans was published that confirmed that beans in the diets of laboratory animals had a significant effect on reducing the incidence severity of mammary cancer. Furthermore, dosage levels of dry beans in the diet of laboratory animals suggest a linear response for protection against mammary cancer. This information should enhance the consumption of dry beans and reduce the incidence of chronic disease. Rapid fermentation of oligosaccharides 3-5 hr after eating beans is the primary cause of flatus during that time period, but oligosaccharides account for less than 50% of the gas produced in the large intestine when beans are consumed. Fermentation of bean fiber accounts for more than 50% of the gas associated with eating beans. An experiment was designed to determine if feeding bean oligosaccharides reduce colon cancer. The colon cancer incidence was higher in the group of rats fed the extract containing oligosaccharides than in the group fed the extract with hydrolyzed oligosaccharides. Thus, bean oligosaccharides do not help prevent colon cancer and bean breeding or food processing techniques to reduce or eliminate oligosaccharides would not expected to reduce the anti-colon cancer activity associated with eating beans. A new canning facility is being conditioned at NDSU in order to provide canning tests not only to the NDSU dry bean breeding program, but to other institutions interested.

2009 W-1150 Publications: Barrett, M. 2009. Marker assisted selection and transfer of white mold QTL into snap beans. M.S. thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Barrett, M., J. Davis, S. Zimmerman and J.R. Myers. 2009. Pyramiding QTL conditioning partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum into a bush blue lake green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) background. (abstract) HortSci. 44:1144-1145. Bassett, M. J., and P. N. Miklas. 2009. Blue pattern flower in common bean expressed by interaction of Prpi-2 with a new gene tbp. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 134:423-427. Beaver, J.S., and J.M. Osorno. 2009. Achievements and limitations of contemporary common bean breeding using conventional and molecular approaches. Euphytica 168:145-176. Bewley, M. 2009. Winning the rust race. AgWeek. 25:9 Cichy, K.A., M. W. Blair, C. H. Galeno-Mendoza, S. S. Snapp, and J. D. Kelly. 2009. QTL analysis of root architecture traits and low phosphorus tolerance in an Andean bean population. Crop Sci. 49:59-68. Davis, J., J.R. Myers, P. McClean, and R. Lee. 2009. STAYGREEN is a Candidate for the Persistent Color (pc) in Common Bean. Bean Improv. Coop. Biennial Meeting, Ft. Collins, CO, Oct. 25-28, 2009. Davis, J., J.R. Myers, P. McClean, and R. Lee. 2009. Staygreen (sgr), a candidate gene for the persistent color phenotype in common bean. Acta Hort (in press). Dorcinvil, R., A. Ramirez, D. Sotomayor, and J.S. Beaver. 2009. Performance of dry bean lines in a low N soil in Puerto Rico. Annu. Rept. Bean Coop. 52:124-125. Gambhir, A., R.S. Lamppa, J.B. Rasmussen, and R.S. Goswami. 2009. Fusarium species associated with root rot of dry beans in North Dakota. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science. 63:46. Goswami, R.S., A. Gambhir, Y.W. Chang, R.S. Lamppa. 2009. Dry edible bean pathogens prevalent in North Dakota with special emphasis on root rots. Proceedings of the Twentieth Biennial meeting of The Bean Improv. Coop. pp32 Fort Collins, CO Oct 25-28. Goswami, R.S., R.S. Lamppa, A. Gambhir, and S.G. Markell. 2009. Assessment of foliar and root pathogens of dry beans currently prevalent in North Dakota. Annu. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 52: 98-99. Hergert, M. 2009. Breeding breakthrough. Northarvest Bean Grower Mag. 15:6-7. Kelly, J.D., G.V.Varner, P. OBoyle, and B. Long. 2009. Registration of Zorro black bean. J. Plant Reg. 3:226-230. Kelly, J.D., G.V.Varner, B. Roman, and B. Long. 2009. Registration of Fuji Otebo bean. J. Plant Reg. 3:223-225. Kelly, J.D., G.V. Varner, and C.L. Sprague. 2009. Zorro. A new black bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3069. Kelly, J.D., G.V. Varner, and C.L. Sprague. 2009. Santa Fe. A new pinto bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3070. Kelly, J.D., G.V. Varner, and C.L. Sprague. 2009. Fuji. New Otebo (Tebo) bean for Michigan. Ext. Bull. E-3071. Lamppa, R.S., Y.W.Chang, S.G. Markell, F.M. Mathew, and R.S. Goswami. 2009. Potential ability of bacterial blight pathogens to move between soybean and dry edible bean. Proceedings of the Twentieth Biennial meeting of The Bean Improv. Coop. pp42 Fort Collins, CO Oct 25-28. Markell, S., and R. Goswami. 2009. Dry bean rust found in ND. Northarvest Bean Grower. Vol. 15, Issue 1.Winter 2009. pp. 11. Markell, S.G, M.A. Pastor-Corrales, J.G. Jordahl, R.S. Lamppa, F.M. Mathew, J.M. Osorno, and R.S. Goswami. 2009. Virulence of Uromyces appendiculatus to the resistance gene ur-3 identified in North Dakota in 2008. Annu. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 52: 82-83. Markell, S.G., M.A. Pastor-Corrales, J.G. Jordahl, R.S. Lamppa, F.M. Mathew, J.M. Osorno, and R.S. Goswami. 2009. Virulence of Uromyces appendiculatus to the resistance gene Ur-3 identified in North Dakota. Annu. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 52:82-83. McCoy, S., and J.R. Steadman. 2009. Use of Multi-Site Screening to Identify Partial Resistance to White Mold in Common Bean in 2008. Annu. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 52:158-159. Mentor-Marcel, R.A., G. Bobe, K. Barret, M.R. Young, P.S. Albert, M.R. Bennink, E. 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