Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting is scheduled for January 22 - 23, 2008. This section will be updated subsequent to the meeting. See attached.

Objective 1. Determine the pathogenesis and interactions of specific agents Improved understanding of Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), an important viral disease of turkeys, epidemiology: SUMMARY: We are characterizing avian pneumovirus (APV) isolates to extend the capabilities for molecular epidemiology of the most important avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) infections. IMPACT: This work is important for determining APMV pathogenesis for improved control. SUMMARY: To examine public health implications of a MPV, similar to the aMPV, which was isolated from humans. It is important to examine if the human virus and aMPV cross species barriers. IMPACT: Turkeys developed clinical disease when exposed to the human virus. Improved control and eradication of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV): SUMMARY: We have shown that the virus causes a local immune response in the respiratory tract and that a non-infectious respiratory vaccine can be used to control the disease. IMPACT: This vaccine will reduce virus contamination of the environment and facilitate eradication. Characterization of the G gene variation among North American aMPV-C isolates: SUMMARY: Serial passage of aMPV-C in cell cultures and natural passage in turkeys led to truncation of the G gene. IMPACT: This may be a mechanism of virus evolution for survival in a new host or environment. Innate immunity influences host susceptibility to avian influenza viruses (AIV), an important worldwide cause of disease in birds, reptiles, and mammals: SUMMARY: Comparison of the innate immune response in chickens and ducks to H5N1 avian influenza showed a markedly different response between species. IMPACT: These studies emphasize the importance of innate immunity in birds and correlate increased pathogenicity of recent H5N1 viruses for wild waterfowl with an enhanced suppression of the host immune response. Intraspecies transmission of triple reassortant influenza viruses in turkeys: SUMMARY: We examined the intraspecies transmissibility of the A/turkey/OH/ 313053 in turkeys. The virus replicated in 90% of the inoculated turkeys and transmitted to more than 70% of the contact turkeys. The A/turkey/OH/313053 virus is highly infectious and transmissible in turkeys. IMPACT: Producers should be aware of the possible impact of this virus in their flocks. Reverse genetic studies of AIVs for improved vaccines: SUMMARY: We rescued one strain of Hemagglutinin (H) 3 Neuraminidase (N) 2 turkey viruses using reverse genetics techniques. All the genes of two other strains were cloned into the transcriptional vector PHH21 and the rescue experiments are underway. Six genes of the A/turkey/IL/04 were cloned into PHH21 and the work is continuing to clone 2 more genes. IMPACT: Using reverse genetics, a better understanding of the genetic basis for the virus and important biological activities will be gained and development of vaccines will be facilitated. Infection and transmission studies of the low pathogenic H5 subtype AIVs: SUMMARY: The wild bird H5 subtypes were found to replicate and transmit among poultry without clinical disease. IMPACT: Wild bird isolates will be useful in determining the molecular basis of interspecies transmission. SUMMARY: Low path avian influenza virus isolates representing H5, H7, H6, and H3 subtypes recovered from wild waterfowl and shorebirds on the Delmarva peninsula were not pathogenic for two-week-old meat type turkeys and broiler chickens based on clinical signs and microscopic lesions. IMPACT: However, the viruses were recovered from the trachea or cloaca. Improved control of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), and important pathogen of commercial chickens: SUMMARY: Live ILTV vaccine virus, which causes silent ILTV outbreaks, was present in drinking water lines and darkling beetles in commercial poultry houses. IMPACT: Poultry producers need to improved beetle control and remove biofilm in their drinker lines for improved ILTV control. SUMMARY and IMPACT: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates from commercial broilers raised in Delmarva, North Carolina and Arkansas produced conjunctivitis, microscopic lesions (trachea and eyelid), and weight depression and in broiler chickens in laboratory trials. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pathogenesis: SUMMARY and IMPACT: Infectious bronchitis virus field isolate, DMV/5642/06, obtained from Delmarva broilers, produced respiratory disease but not renal lesions in commercial broiler type chickens. Study of recent E. coli isolates from Delmarva poultry flocks: SUMMARY: Three hundred fifty E. coli isolates were characterized. E. coli are an important cause of disease in poultry. Specific virulence factors include tsh, iss, iucC, Intll and TraT. Tsh encodes for an autotransporter protein adhesin. Iss encodes for increased serum survival and is commonly seen in chickens with colibacillosis. This gene allows the bacteria to evade the host complement system by preventing the deposition of host proteins on the bacterial surface. Trat and Iss proteins prevent the formation of the membrane attack complex of the complement system that may contribute to serum resistance. iucC resides on the aerobactin operon and is involved in the iron transport system and lntll encodes for a class 1 integrase which may link with antibiotic resistance genes. IMPACTS: One hundred forty isolates were Ciprofloxacin resistant whereas 2 were intermediate. Nalidixic acid showed 101 susceptible while 40 were resistant. Objective 2. Surveillance, occurrence and consequenses of agents and host variation on disease susceptibility AIV surveillance in New England: SUMMARY: Through out NewEngland, clinical samples from commercial poultry, back yard poultry, and livebird markets were tested at the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory by serological and real time PCR specific for H5 and H7. IMPACT: All were negative for H5 and 7 using these tests. Multiplex real time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for improved AIV detection: SUMMARY: A Multiplex real time RT-PCR for avian influenza and subtypes H5, H7 and H9 was developed at the Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute Nanning. IMPACT: Multiplex real time RT-PCR is being tested on the North American AI isolates to confirm its sensitivity and specificity for improved AIV detection.. Real time RT multiplex PCR for improved detection of AIV subtypes and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a important cause of respiratory disease in chickens: SUMMARY: PCR inhibitors are a problem in some types of samples and cause false negative results. IMPACTS: Improving the specificity of rapid diagnostic tests and an internal control provides greater test assurance particularly for fecal or tissue samples. Indentifying disease resistance to AIVs SUMMARY: Lines of chickens were selected for high and low frequency of Mx gene expression. Chickens from each line were sent to the South Eastern Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) for challenge with a highly pathogenic (HP) H5 isolate. Birds from Mx Asn 631 allele line showed significantly delayed mortality compared to birds from the M x Ser611 allele line. IMPACT: This study paves the way for selection of lines of chickens resistant to AIV. Comparing various AIV detection methods: SUMMARY: Cloacal swabs were collected from hunter killed or trap-nested wild ducks in the South Eastern USA. Three tested positive by Directigen antigen capture (AC) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Five real time RT-PCR matrix-positive samples were negative for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) by the H inhibition test (HI) test. Five samples were submitted to National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL) for subtyping. All were H1N1. The % identity of the H1 genes from the 5 isolates ranged from 85 to 98. IMPACT: Knowledge gained from these findings will be used for developing a more effective intervention program for AIVs. Isolation and Characterization of H1N1 triple reassortants influenza virus: SUMMARY: Search continues for unique influenza viruses in different species. Recently we isolated the first H1N1 triple reassortant virus from swine and are currently comparing it with recent H1N1 swine and human isolates. IMPACT: Viruses circulating in swine are a possible threat to commercial turkeys and it is important to recognize and characterize these isolates. Isolation of H3 AIVs from commercial turkeys: SUMMARY: In the past few years, we isolated H3N2 viruses from commercial turkey breeder flocks. Lately, we isolated these viruses from young commercial turkeys experiencing respiratory disease. IMPACT: This is the first report of the isolation of H3N2 viruses from commercial turkeys. Studies of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), an important cause of immunosuppression in commercial chickens, using viruses from four continents: SUMMARY: Some IBDVs associated with high mortality did not have the typical molecular characteristics of very virulent (vv) IBDV. IMPACT: In vivo studies are required to identify vv viruses. Characterization of IBDVs from four layer flocks in the United States: SUMMARY: Infectious bursal disease was observed in layer flocks and four viruses were isolates from these flocks. These viruses were genetically similar to classic vaccine viruses, but these viruses were pathogenic in SPF birds. IMPACT: In vivo studies are required to accurately assess pathogenicity of IBDV isolates since the genetic basis for virulence is not known. Comparison of VP4 sequence of different IBDVs: SUMMARY: Amino acid (aa) mutations in the VP4 region of the attenuated and pathogenic strains were not consistently associated with virulence. Four aa were observed to be consistent with the vv viruses. IMPACT: Further studies are needed on the molecular basis for IBDV biologic activities ILTV surveillance: SUMMARY and IMPACT: Surveillance activities on the Delmarva Peninsula have yielded infectious laryngotracheitis virus and infectious bronchitis virus isolates from commercial broiler chickens and avian influenza virus isolates from wild birds Objective 3. Develop new and improve methods for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of avian respiratory diseases Improved aMPV Vaccines: SUMMARY: We developed reverse genetics technology for aMPV-C research. IMPACT: This new technique provides us a powerful tool to genetically manipulate the virus for proper attenuation as a vaccine candidate as well as for performing pathogenesis studies. Improved method for IBDV detection: SUMMARY: Real-time RT-PCR detection and sequence analysis of the VP2 hyper variable region of Indian vvIBDV isolates indicated the value of real time RT-PCR in screening field samples for the presence of vvIBDV strains. IMPACT: The use of real-time RT-PCR for screening field strains is highly recommended. New IBDV Vaccines: SUMMARY: Effort has been devoted to study the co-administration of molecular adjuvants on immunomodulation and protection of chickens against IBD virus (IBDV) infection by DNA vaccination. . IMPACT: The vaccination strategy by priming the chickens with DNA vaccine encoding IBDV VP243 gene linked to chicken CRT gene has the potential to enhance immunity and protection of chickens against IBD for practical prevention and control of IBD in the field. SUMMARY: We examined the susceptibility of stem cells to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and developed a non-pathogenic in ovo vaccine that stimulates humoral and cell-mediated immunity: IMPACT: A non-pathogenic protective in ovo vaccine was developed which induced strong humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were identified as new targets for IBDV replication. Susceptibility of these cells may contribute to immunosuppression caused by the virus New ILTV vaccine: SUMMARY: We intend to develop a new recombinant ILT vaccine based on tissue culture. Deleting mutant ITLV will allow for the vaccine virus to eliminate threat from vaccinal ILT outbreak. IMPACT: This vaccine could lead to better control of ILTV. SUMMARY and IMPACT: Three commercial chicken embryo origin vaccines provided protection against recent infectious laryngotracheitis virus field isolates representing RFLP genotypes 5 and 6. More rapid detection of ILTV: SUMMARY: A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) test determined that most of the ILTVs isolated from commercial poultry outbreaks in Alabama and Georgia were of vaccine origin. IMPACT: This is important because a diagnosis of live virulent ILTV could result in the loss of export market. This would cost millions of dollars in losses for commercial US poultry companies New AIV and IBV vaccines: SUMMARY: We developed and optimized the reverse genetic technology for avian influenza subtype H7 and H5 viruses for vaccine development and pathogenicity studies. IMPACT: In-ovo vaccination of 18 days old chicken embryos with a recombinant DNA specific for IBV S gene along with interferon as an adjuvant suggest a good protection against IBV infection. SUMMARY and IMPACT: Commercial vaccine containing modified live infectious bronchitis virus strains Massachusetts and Arkansas provided protection against a novel genotype, DMV/5642/06, recovered from broilers raised on the Delmarva Peninsula. SUMMARY: An adenovirus recombinant vaccine against avian influenza virus was used to immunize poultry by in ovo route. IMPACT: This is the first efficacious vaccine developed for the in ovo route. SUMMARY: A transgenic vaccine in edible yeast for poultry against AIV was developed. A vaccine in yeast could be propagated and given in mass by drinking water to poultry of all ages. IMPACT: Yeast are routinely given in the drinking water as a probiotic, in place of antibiotics to kill bacteria in commercial poultry SUMMARY: A commercial H3 vaccine strain of influenza virus was found to be antigenically and genetically very different from H3N2 viruses currently circulating in commercial turkeys. Field evidence has indicated lack of protection from egg production drops in flocks vaccinated with that vaccine when the birds were naturally exposed to field challenge with the H3N2 virus. IMPACT: Results point to the importance of using live virus strains that are antigenically similar to circulating field strains. NDV Vaccines Study of the antigenic and genetic differences among NDV vaccine strains: SUMMARY: NDV is a common cause of respiratory disease in commercial poultry. The current ND vaccines are formulated with virus strains isolated several years ago. However, the vaccine that was homologous with the challenge virus reduced virus shedding significantly more than the other vaccines. IMPACT: Results demonstrated that NDV vaccines formulated to be more closely related to potential outbreak viruses may provide better ND control by reducing virus transmission from infected birds. Improved AIV and NDV control: SUMMARY: Common cooking methods kill highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease viruses in poultry. HPAI viruses can be present in the meat of infected poultry and a prior study demonstrated cooking was effective in killing an H5N1 HPAI virus. IMPACT: Proper cooking of poultry using the Food Safety Inspection Services salmonella standards would be effective in killing both AIVs and NDVs. For a summary of previous accomplishments and impacts please see: http://www.wisc.edu/ncra/impstate-NC1019.doc

University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Submitted by J. M. Sharma 1. Antharaman, S., Chander, Y., Dhanasekaran, G., Samal, S., and Goyal, S.M. (2007) Comparativegenome analysis of virulent and cell culture adapted avian metapneumovirus (aMPV). Gobbles. 64: 4-6. 2. Cha, R., M. Khatri and J.M. Sharma. B Cell Infiltration in the Respiratory Mucosa of Turkeys Exposed to Avian Metapneumovirus. Avian Dis. 51:764-770. 2007. 3. Clark. K.J., D.F. Carlson, L. Foster, A. Geurts, B-W. Kong, D.N. Foster, and S.C. Fahrenkrug. 2007. Enzymatic engineering of the porcine genome with transposons and recombinases. BMC Biotechnology. 7:42. 4. Khatri, M and J.M. Sharma. Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. Review. Cytogenetic Genome Res. 117:388-393. 2007. 5. Khatri, M and J.M. Sharma. Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in macrophages and altered tropism of progeny virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 15: 106-115. 2007. 6. Khatri, M and J.M. Sharma. Activation of neonatal lymphoid cells following in ovo exposure to infectious bursal disease virus. Submitted 2007. 7. Khatri, M and J.M. Sharma. Susceptibility of chicken mesenchymal stem cells to infectious bursal disease virus. Submitted 2007. Khatri, M and J.M. Sharma. Infectious bursal disease virus of chickens upregulates the expression of Toll like receptors and MDA 5. Submitted 2007. 8. Kong B.-W., L.K. Foster, and D.N. Foster. 2007. Establishment of an immortal turkey turbinate cell line suitable for avian metapneumovirus propagation. Virus Research. 127:106-115. 9. Kong B.-W., L.K. Foster, and D.N. Foster. 2007. A method for the rapid isolation of virus from cultured cells. BioTechniques. In Press. Agricultural Research Program and School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Indiana. Submitted by Drs. C. C. Wu* and T. L. Lin 1. Wu, C.C., Rubinelli, P., Lin, T.L. 2007. Invited Minireview: Molecular detection and differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases, 51:515-526. 2. Hsieh, M.K., Wu, C.C., and Lin, T.L. 2007. Priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with killed vaccine conferring protection of chickens against infectious bursal disease. Vaccine, 25:5417-5427. 3. Hsieh, M.K., Wu, C.C., and Lin, T.L. 2007. A prime-boost approach to enhance DNA vaccination mediated protection against infectious bursal disease. The Proceedings of the 58th North Central Avian Disease Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Page 6). University of Arkansas. Fayetteville, Ark. Submitted by Byung-Whi Kong 1. Kong B.-W., L.K. Foster, and D.N. Foster. 2007. Establishment of an immortal turkey turbinate cell line suitable for avian metapneumovirus propagation. Virus Research. 127:106-115. 2. Clark. K.J., D.F. Carlson, L. Foster, A. Geurts, B-W. Kong, D.N. Foster, and S.C. Fahrenkrug. 2007. 3. Enzymatic engineering of the porcine genome with transposons and recombinases. BMC Biotechnology. 7:42. 4. Kong B.-W., L.K. Foster, and D.N. Foster. 2007. A method for the rapid isolation of virus from cultured cells. BioTechniques. In Press. 5. Kong B.-W., L.K. Foster, and D.N. Foster. 2007. Species-specific deletion of the viral attachment glycoprotein of avian metapneumovirus. In Press. 6. Kong B.-W., S.C. Fahrenkrug and D.N. Foster. 2007. Application of the sleeping beauty transposon system to avian cells. Accepted with revisions to Animal Genetics. Scientific meetings: 1. Kong BW, Foster LK and Foster DN. Application of the Sleeping Beauty transposon system to avian cells. 2007. Annual Meeting of Poultry Science Association, San Antonio, TX . July. 16-18. Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Ga. Submitted by Laszlo Zsak 1. Yu, Q., Estevez, C.N., Kapczynski, D.R. 2006. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies produced against avian Metapneumovirus subtype C which react to the nucleocapsid protein. Avian Diseases. 50(3):419-424. 2. Yu, Q., Estevez, C.N. 2006. Development of a reverse genetics system for avian metapneumovirus subgroup C virus. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Avian Corona- and Pneumoviruses and Complicating Pathogens, May 14-16, 2006, Rauischholzhausen, Germany. p. 6-15. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. Submitted by Mazhar I. Khan 1. Khan, M. I. Avian influenza surveillancs and testing program. The veterinarian place at: Tuft University MA. May 19, 2007. 2. Khan, M. I. Assessing avian influenza plans. North Atlantic Poultry Biosecurity and Pest Management Workshop, University of Connecticut. June 2, 2007. 3. Khan, M. I., Zhixun Xie, Jianbao Dong, Xiaofei Tang, Jiabo Liu, Yaoshan Pang, Xianwen Deng, and Zhiqin Xie. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the entire genome of three avian influenza H9N2 subtypes from south China. 144th AVMA, Washington D.C., July19-23, 2007. 4. Khan, M. I., Sankhiros Babapoor, Jarslaw Fabis and Zhiqin Xie. Embryo vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) challenge using recombinant DNA containing IBV-spike gene along with interferon type 1 as an adjuvant. 15th World Veterinary Congress, September 10-15, 2007. Beijing. 5. Babapoor, S., Zeinab Helal, Dipu M. Kumar and M. I. Khan. Rescue of an Avian Influenza subtype H7 vaccine candidate modified virus using reverse genetic technique. 79th Northeastern Conference on Avian Diseases, Lancaster, PA. September 19-20, 2007. Southeastern Poultry Disease Research Laboratory, Athens, Ga. Submitted by David Suarez, 1. Lee, C.W., Y.J. Lee, D.A. Senne, D., and D.L. Suarez. 2006. Pathogenic potential of North American H7N2 avian influenza virus: a mutagenesis study using reverse genetics. Virology. 353:388-395. 2. Desheva, J.A., X.H. Lu, A.R. Rekstin, L.G. Rudenko, D.E. Swayne, N.J. Cox, J.M. Katz, and A.I. Klimov. 2006. Characterization of an influenza A H5N2 reassortant as a candidate for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential. Vaccine 24(47-48):6859-6866. 3. Das, A. E. Spackman, D. Senne, J. Pedersen, and D. L. Suarez. 2006. Development of an Internal Positive Control for Rapid Diagnosis of Avian Influenza Viral Infections by Real-Time RT-PCR with Lyophilized Reagents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 44:3065-3073. 4. Scott, A., Zepeda, C., Garber, L., Smith, J., Swayne, D., Rhorer, A., Kellar, J., Shimshony, A., Batho, H. Caporale, V., Giovannini, A. The concept of compartmentalization. Office of International Epizootics Scientific and Technical Review 25(3):873-879, 2006. 5. Winker, K., K. G. McCracken, D. D. Gibson, C. L. Pruett, R. Meier, F. Huettmann , M. Wege , I. V. Kulikova, Y. N. Zhuravlev, M. L. Perdue, E. Spackman, D. L. Suarez and D. E. Swayne. 2007. Movement of Birds and Avian Influenza from Asia into Alaska. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13:547-552. 6. Brown, J.D., Swayne, D.E., Cooper, R.J., Burns, R.E., Stallknecht, D.E. Persistence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Diseases 51(Supplement):285-289, 2007. 7. Brown, J.D., D.E. Stallknecht, J.R. Beck, D.L. Suarez, and D.E. Swayne. 2006. Old Reservoirs, New Viruses: the Susceptibility of North American Ducks and Gulls to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12:1663-1670. 8. Bublot, M., Le Gros, F.X., Nieddu, D., Pritchard, N., Mickle, T.R., Swayne, D.E. Efficacy of two H5N9-inactivated vaccines against challenge with a recent H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza isolate from a chicken in Thailand. Avian Diseases 51(Supplement):332-337, 2007. 9. Bublot, M., Pritchard, N., Cruz, J.S., Mickle, T.R., Selleck, P., Swayne, D.E. Efficacy of a fowlpox-vectored avian influenza H5 vaccine against Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. Avian Diseases 51(Supplement):498-500, 2007. 10. Lee,C.W., Y.J. Lee, D. Swayne, D. Senne, J. Linares, D.L. Suarez. 2007. Assessing potential pathogenicity of avian influenza virus: current and experimental system. Avian Diseases. 51:260-263. The Ohio State University. Submitted by Dr. Mo Saif Refereed journals 1. Spackman, E., D.E. Swayne, D.L. Suarez, D.A. Senne, J.C. Pedersen, M.L. Killian, J. Pasick, K. Handel, S.P. Somanathan Pillai, C.W. Lee, D. Stallknecht, R. Slemons, H.S. p, and T. Deliberto. 2007. Characterization of low pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from North America. J. Virol. 81:11612-19. 3. Jackwood, D. J. and S. E. Sommer-Wagner. Genetic characteristics of infectious bursal disease viruses from four continents. Virology 365:369-375. 2007. 4. Sreedevi, B. and D. J. Jackwood. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detection and sequence analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region of Indian very virulent infectious bursal disease isolates. Avian Dis. 51:750-757. 2007. Abstracts 1. Pillai, S.P.S., H. Yassine, S. Jadhao, D.L. Suarez, Y.M. Saif, and C.W. Lee. Pathogenicity and antigenicity of different lineage of H3N2 viruses in turkeys. Midwest Poultry Consortium Research Summit/Annual Meeting, March 13, 2007, St. Paul, MN. 2. Pillai, S.P.S., H. Yassine, S. Jadhao, D.L. Suarez, M. Pantin-Jackwood, Y.M. Saif, and C.W. Lee. Do we need better vaccine for Ohio turkeys? OARDC Conference, April 19, 2007, Columbus, OH. 3. Pillai, S.P.S., D.L. Suarez, and C.W. Lee. Genetic and biological characterization of the H5N2 virus isolated from parrot. Proc. 144th AVMA Annual Convention, July 14-18, 2007, Washington, DC. 4. Lee, C.W. AI vaccine  A new approach. North Central Avian Disease Conference. March, 11-13, 2007, St. Paul, MN. 5. Lee, C.W., Y.M. Saif, M. Pantin-Jackwood, and D.L. Suarez. Development of live attenuated vaccine against avian influenza. March 26-29, 2007, Las Vegas, NV. 6. Lee, C.W. Influenza: Diagnostics, vaccine and interspecies transmission. Infectious Disease Interest Group, The Ohio State University, May 24, 2007, Columbus, OH. 7. Wang, L., S.P.S. Pillai, M. Strother, K. Hong, Y.M. Saif, M. Pantin-Jackwood, D.L. Suarez, and C.W. Lee. New way to develop live influenza vaccine candidate strains. Proc. 144th AVMA Annual Convention, July 14-18, 2007, Washington, DC. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Submitted by Dr. J. J. Giambrone Published data: Scientific Meetings 1) Dormitorio, T. V., J.J. Giambrone, K. Guo and G. Hepp. Evaluation of methods for detecting influenza viruses in wild aquatic birds. PSA Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX. July. 16-18. 2) Toro, Haroldo. RCA-free recombinant adenovirus vectored vaccine for mass administration against avian influenza. Annual AVMA meeting. Washington, DC. July 14-18. 3) Giambrone, J. J., Fagbohun, S., and K. Macklin. 2007. A natural challenge model for ILTV laboratory studies. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. Atlanta, Ga. Jan. 23. Trade Journals 1) Giambrone, J. J. 2007. AI Keeps Threatening South East Asia. World Poultry. 23: 40-41. 2) Giambrone, J.J. 2007. Avian Influenza Research at Auburn University. Alabama Poultry. January/February.16. 3) Macklin, K., J. Hess, and J. J. Giambrone. 2007. Windrow composting as a disease preventative method. Alabama Poultry. January/February.23. 4) Macklin, K., and J. J. Giambrone. 2007. Eliminating LT from the farm. Alabama Poultry. Spring.21. University of Delaware, Newark, Del. Submitted by Jack Gelb Gelb, Jr., Jack, B. S. Ladman, M. J. Licata, M. H. Shapiro and L. R. Campion. Evaluating viral interference between infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus vaccine strains using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Avian Diseases. 51(4):2007 In press. Gelb, Jack, Jr., Brian S. Ladman, Conrad R. Pope, and Michelle K. Wood. Characteristics of a Novel Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolate from Delmarva Broiler Chickens. Proc. 144th American Veterinary Medical Assn./American Assn. Avian Pathologist Ann. Mtg. Washington, D.C. July 14-18, 2007. Gelb, J., Jr., M. Ruano, B. Ladman, M. Troeber, L. Preskenis, C. Pope, and D. Bautista. Laryngotracheitis-pathogenicity and vaccine protection. Proc. 42nd National Meeting on Poultry Health and Processing. Ocean City, Maryland. p. 27-28. October 8-10, 2006.