SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: W187 : Interactions Among Bark Beetles, Pathogens, and Conifers in North American Forests
- Period Covered: 10/01/2002 to 10/01/2003
- Date of Report: 01/30/2004
- Annual Meeting Dates: 10/13/2003 to 10/14/2003
Participants
Barbara Bentz USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; P. Enrico Bonello Ohio State University; Steve Cook University of Idaho; Tom Harringon Iowa State University; Bill Jacobi Colorado State University; Jose Negron USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station ; Ken Raffa University of Wisconsin; Diana Six University of Montana ; Dave Wood University of California, Berkeley; Aaron Adams University of Montana; Kathy Bleiker University of Montana; Dan Stark University of California, Berkeley; Nadir Erbgilbin University of California, Berkeley; Brian Giles USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Det Vogler USDA Forest Service, Institute of Forest Genetics; Rick Meyer CSREES, WO; Ron Pardini Associate Director, Experiment Station, Reno, NV;
Chair Cook opened the meeting at 8:45 am with introductions. One of the major topics for this year?s meeting is the project renewal proposal. Chair Cook asked for suggestions for the next W187 meeting in 2004. Barbara Bentz agreed to organize the meeting in Salt Lake City, November 12-13, 2004, just prior to the Entomological Society of America Meeting in Salt Lake City. Chair Cook read the minutes from the 2002 meeting and Ken Raffa moved to accept the minutes and Enricho Bonello seconded the motion.
The discussion next focused on W-187 as a regional research committee. A large part of us are members of W187 because of the good interactions. Ken Raffa suggested we should have more joint meetings with other regional projects. A Southern Pine Beetle regional research group is starting soon, and we could meet jointly with them periodically. It was suggested that we could meet jointly with W193 (Ornamental Landscape Group), the Migration of Biota group, and Ken Raffa volunteerd to contact the Chemical ecology group (W189) and see if we could meet with them maybe every 3 years. Tom Harrington indicated he thought the meetings should be in a convenient western location. We are an international group but focused on research in the west.
Enrico Bonello will look into the W193 meeting and see if we could meet with them next year. A decision will be made by email. Barbara Bentz will contact the Southern Pine Beetle group.
Chair Cook brought up the discussion that occurred at the 2002 W187 meeting regarding a new book on bark beetle ? fungal interactions. Diana Six and Steve Seybold are still interested in putting together a book on bark beetle conifer fungus interactions. There has been a lot of new work done in this area since the last publication. Diana, Ken Raffa and Dave Wood all voiced opinions that the book should be a W187 product. Steve Seybold and Diana Six are working on an outline and will then send this out to the group. They are currently looking for a publisher who would be willing to produce the book for a lower price. A couple of thoughts are Island Press or the University of California Press. The other book cost too much and therefore was not cited. Ken Raffa indicated that the title of the book should capture emerging issues such as climate change and invasives.
Bill Jacobi voiced that the group could use a Logo. A logo could be used on things such as the letter that was sent to NRI.
The group then held a moment of silence for Donald Dahlsten, a W187 member who recently passed away. Also, Diana Six presented the motion to dedicate the renewal proposal to Don Dahlsten. The motion was seconded by Chair Cook.
State by State presentations on current research occurred from about 10:00 am on Friday through noon on Saturday.
Chair Cook initiated the discussion about the renewal proposal. Thoughts and comments followed. The remainder of the meeting was spent in 4 groups working on the 3 objectives and justification sections for the renewal proposal. Bill Jacobi moved to adjourn the meeting at 4:30 pm. Tom Harrington seconded the motion.
The discussion next focused on W-187 as a regional research committee. A large part of us are members of W187 because of the good interactions. Ken Raffa suggested we should have more joint meetings with other regional projects. A Southern Pine Beetle regional research group is starting soon, and we could meet jointly with them periodically. It was suggested that we could meet jointly with W193 (Ornamental Landscape Group), the Migration of Biota group, and Ken Raffa volunteerd to contact the Chemical ecology group (W189) and see if we could meet with them maybe every 3 years. Tom Harrington indicated he thought the meetings should be in a convenient western location. We are an international group but focused on research in the west.
Enrico Bonello will look into the W193 meeting and see if we could meet with them next year. A decision will be made by email. Barbara Bentz will contact the Southern Pine Beetle group.
Chair Cook brought up the discussion that occurred at the 2002 W187 meeting regarding a new book on bark beetle ? fungal interactions. Diana Six and Steve Seybold are still interested in putting together a book on bark beetle conifer fungus interactions. There has been a lot of new work done in this area since the last publication. Diana, Ken Raffa and Dave Wood all voiced opinions that the book should be a W187 product. Steve Seybold and Diana Six are working on an outline and will then send this out to the group. They are currently looking for a publisher who would be willing to produce the book for a lower price. A couple of thoughts are Island Press or the University of California Press. The other book cost too much and therefore was not cited. Ken Raffa indicated that the title of the book should capture emerging issues such as climate change and invasives.
Bill Jacobi voiced that the group could use a Logo. A logo could be used on things such as the letter that was sent to NRI.
The group then held a moment of silence for Donald Dahlsten, a W187 member who recently passed away. Also, Diana Six presented the motion to dedicate the renewal proposal to Don Dahlsten. The motion was seconded by Chair Cook.
State by State presentations on current research occurred from about 10:00 am on Friday through noon on Saturday.
Chair Cook initiated the discussion about the renewal proposal. Thoughts and comments followed. The remainder of the meeting was spent in 4 groups working on the 3 objectives and justification sections for the renewal proposal. Bill Jacobi moved to adjourn the meeting at 4:30 pm. Tom Harrington seconded the motion.
Accomplishments
· The taxonomy of Ophiostoma galeiformis was studied, and a new type specimen will be proposed.
· Evaluated effects of soil type, fertilization, and mulching on mycorrhizal community structure and resistance to defoliators of paper birch.
· Evaluated effects of Cambistat (paclobutrazol) on disease resistance and defense responses in the Diplodia blight and canker, pitch canker, and sudden oak death pathosystems.
· We continued to monitor (initiated 1999) pitch canker and other disease and insect conditions in Monterey and Bishop pines regenerating after a wildfire in 1987. A higher proportion of Bishop pines (ca. 10%) have pitch canker in these forests than Monterey pines (ca. 6%), though tree mortality is higher in the Monterey pines.
· Characterized systemic effects of root disease on stain fungi and bark beetles of ponderosa pine.
· Characterized systemic induced resistance in the Austrian pine / Sphaeropsis sapinea / Diplodia scrobiculata tip blight and canker pathosystems.
· Laboratory studies suggest that the presence of univoltine broods, which is highly dependent on weather, will increase the risk of a spruce beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak.
· We are examining the use of remotely sensed data (multispecrtal and hyperspectral) for use in detecting and delineating infestations of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in various host species.
· We are examining the use by targeted wildlife and potential insect pests of artificially creating tree snags in harvest units.
· Bark beetles in stands of ponderosa pines and white firs were collected from sticky traps monthly during the flight period from Spring to late Fall in 2003 to determine if the landing rates of these beetles is related to the experimental treatments with fire only, cutting only and fire and cutting together. In the fire only areas, many of the understory trees were killed. Many scorched overstory pines exhibited red turpentine beetle pitch tubes.
· We are developing a non-insecticide based pest management strategy for ponderosa pine cone beetle (Conophthorus ponderosae) in ponderosa and western white pine seed orchards.
· Studies on the Ceratocystis fimbriata complex found a new species is an associate of the hickory bark beetle, Scolytus quadrispinosis.
· We inoculated with P. ramorum and treated with insecticide to prevent pheromone-mediated beetle colonization in 2002. Significantly more ambrosia and bark beetles were trapped on inoculated trees than on mock-inoculated trees in 2003.
· When pheromones were used to increase visitation to Monterey pines by P. setosus, baited trees were more likely to develop pitch canker than unbaited trees even though the beetles did not tunnel into the host to develop egg galleries.
· Developed and tested new resin sampling device and technique for evaluating resistance of pines to bark beetle attack.
· Identified and helped initiate registration of novel insecticides for control of southern pine beetle.
· We initiated field experiments to determine if twig beetles, Pityophthorus spp., can vector F. circinatum from infected Monterey pines to Bishop, ponderosa, and knobcone pines and Douglas-fir, all of which are hosts of F. circinatum. Twig beetles readily colonized Monterey, Bishop and ponderosa pines. Lesion lengths from inoculated trees were significantly shorter in Douglas-fir and ponderosa pines than in the three pine hosts.
· Quantified ability of water potential and temperature to affect the interactions of bark beetles and their associated fungi.
· Quantified effects of plant defense elicitors (harpin, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) on resistance of pines to bark beetles and their associated fungi.
· A long-term project on declining red pine stands, specifically the roles of root colonizing beetles and Leptographium associates in predisposing trees to Ips, continues. Current emphases are on spatial analysis and predator-prey interactions. We developed functional responses for adult & larval predation, and partitioned relative effects of predation and intraspecific competition. We are evaluating the relative importance of various sources and types of chemical signals in the responses of predators and parasitoids of I. pini in Montana
· We are studying the population genetics of spruce beetles, with emphasis on relative sources of variation attributable to geographic region, population phase, and host type.
· We are evaluating the relative effects of ophiostomoid fungi on the reproductive success of I. pini and D. rufipennis. Studies include potential metabolism of host defensive compounds, and beetle-fungal competitive interactions. We have begun a new project on the transition of endemic D. ponderosae populations into outbreaks.
· We have completed a study on the sources of variation of ophiostomatoid associates of Dendroctonus rufipennis in Alaska. We are using PCR and tRFLP methods to evaluate the bacterial gut flora of southern pine beetle and pine engraver.
· Ophiostoma montium contained more ergosterol than did either O. clavigerum or L. abietinum. Phloem from green (uninfested) lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce contained basically no ergosterol while infested phloem from both tree species contained significantly more ergosterol than uninfested phloem. Because uninfested phloem contained no ergosterol, it is likely that D. rufipennis and D. ponderosae acquire at least a part of their dietary sterol from the associated fungi.
· We completed evaluation of rock type as a predictive tool for determining where Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) populations may be present in refugia between outbreaks.
· We completed examining the use of remotely sensed data to determine various stand attributes (host density, stand composition, topography) for use in hazard rating systems for southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis).
· We have evaluated the roles of host monoterpenes in the ponderosa pine ? ponderosa pine cone beetle (Conophthorus ponderosae) interaction (a-pinene and D-3-carene are significant synergists for the male-attractant pheromone, pityol and myrcene appears to act as a female repellent).
· We continue to examine the role of wildland fire in influencing the susceptibility to attack by bark beetles and woodborers. Plots have been established after wildfires in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and South Dakota.
· A new study is looking at trapping methods for wood borer beetles in fire damaged ponderosa pine in the Black Hills NF, South Dakota
· Plots have been established across four National Forests in Arizona to examine the extent of tree mortality in ponderosa pine forests and pinyon-juniper woodlands in a current outbreak of bark beetles.
· Studies where models have been developed to estimate the probability of infestation in ponderosa pine by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range and in pinyon pine by pinyon ips in Arizona have just been completed.
· Evaluated effects of soil type, fertilization, and mulching on mycorrhizal community structure and resistance to defoliators of paper birch.
· Evaluated effects of Cambistat (paclobutrazol) on disease resistance and defense responses in the Diplodia blight and canker, pitch canker, and sudden oak death pathosystems.
· We continued to monitor (initiated 1999) pitch canker and other disease and insect conditions in Monterey and Bishop pines regenerating after a wildfire in 1987. A higher proportion of Bishop pines (ca. 10%) have pitch canker in these forests than Monterey pines (ca. 6%), though tree mortality is higher in the Monterey pines.
· Characterized systemic effects of root disease on stain fungi and bark beetles of ponderosa pine.
· Characterized systemic induced resistance in the Austrian pine / Sphaeropsis sapinea / Diplodia scrobiculata tip blight and canker pathosystems.
· Laboratory studies suggest that the presence of univoltine broods, which is highly dependent on weather, will increase the risk of a spruce beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak.
· We are examining the use of remotely sensed data (multispecrtal and hyperspectral) for use in detecting and delineating infestations of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in various host species.
· We are examining the use by targeted wildlife and potential insect pests of artificially creating tree snags in harvest units.
· Bark beetles in stands of ponderosa pines and white firs were collected from sticky traps monthly during the flight period from Spring to late Fall in 2003 to determine if the landing rates of these beetles is related to the experimental treatments with fire only, cutting only and fire and cutting together. In the fire only areas, many of the understory trees were killed. Many scorched overstory pines exhibited red turpentine beetle pitch tubes.
· We are developing a non-insecticide based pest management strategy for ponderosa pine cone beetle (Conophthorus ponderosae) in ponderosa and western white pine seed orchards.
· Studies on the Ceratocystis fimbriata complex found a new species is an associate of the hickory bark beetle, Scolytus quadrispinosis.
· We inoculated with P. ramorum and treated with insecticide to prevent pheromone-mediated beetle colonization in 2002. Significantly more ambrosia and bark beetles were trapped on inoculated trees than on mock-inoculated trees in 2003.
· When pheromones were used to increase visitation to Monterey pines by P. setosus, baited trees were more likely to develop pitch canker than unbaited trees even though the beetles did not tunnel into the host to develop egg galleries.
· Developed and tested new resin sampling device and technique for evaluating resistance of pines to bark beetle attack.
· Identified and helped initiate registration of novel insecticides for control of southern pine beetle.
· We initiated field experiments to determine if twig beetles, Pityophthorus spp., can vector F. circinatum from infected Monterey pines to Bishop, ponderosa, and knobcone pines and Douglas-fir, all of which are hosts of F. circinatum. Twig beetles readily colonized Monterey, Bishop and ponderosa pines. Lesion lengths from inoculated trees were significantly shorter in Douglas-fir and ponderosa pines than in the three pine hosts.
· Quantified ability of water potential and temperature to affect the interactions of bark beetles and their associated fungi.
· Quantified effects of plant defense elicitors (harpin, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) on resistance of pines to bark beetles and their associated fungi.
· A long-term project on declining red pine stands, specifically the roles of root colonizing beetles and Leptographium associates in predisposing trees to Ips, continues. Current emphases are on spatial analysis and predator-prey interactions. We developed functional responses for adult & larval predation, and partitioned relative effects of predation and intraspecific competition. We are evaluating the relative importance of various sources and types of chemical signals in the responses of predators and parasitoids of I. pini in Montana
· We are studying the population genetics of spruce beetles, with emphasis on relative sources of variation attributable to geographic region, population phase, and host type.
· We are evaluating the relative effects of ophiostomoid fungi on the reproductive success of I. pini and D. rufipennis. Studies include potential metabolism of host defensive compounds, and beetle-fungal competitive interactions. We have begun a new project on the transition of endemic D. ponderosae populations into outbreaks.
· We have completed a study on the sources of variation of ophiostomatoid associates of Dendroctonus rufipennis in Alaska. We are using PCR and tRFLP methods to evaluate the bacterial gut flora of southern pine beetle and pine engraver.
· Ophiostoma montium contained more ergosterol than did either O. clavigerum or L. abietinum. Phloem from green (uninfested) lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce contained basically no ergosterol while infested phloem from both tree species contained significantly more ergosterol than uninfested phloem. Because uninfested phloem contained no ergosterol, it is likely that D. rufipennis and D. ponderosae acquire at least a part of their dietary sterol from the associated fungi.
· We completed evaluation of rock type as a predictive tool for determining where Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) populations may be present in refugia between outbreaks.
· We completed examining the use of remotely sensed data to determine various stand attributes (host density, stand composition, topography) for use in hazard rating systems for southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis).
· We have evaluated the roles of host monoterpenes in the ponderosa pine ? ponderosa pine cone beetle (Conophthorus ponderosae) interaction (a-pinene and D-3-carene are significant synergists for the male-attractant pheromone, pityol and myrcene appears to act as a female repellent).
· We continue to examine the role of wildland fire in influencing the susceptibility to attack by bark beetles and woodborers. Plots have been established after wildfires in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and South Dakota.
· A new study is looking at trapping methods for wood borer beetles in fire damaged ponderosa pine in the Black Hills NF, South Dakota
· Plots have been established across four National Forests in Arizona to examine the extent of tree mortality in ponderosa pine forests and pinyon-juniper woodlands in a current outbreak of bark beetles.
· Studies where models have been developed to estimate the probability of infestation in ponderosa pine by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range and in pinyon pine by pinyon ips in Arizona have just been completed.
Impacts
- Phytophthora ramorum infection (cause of Sudden Oak Death) increased from 6 to 19% in study plots in Marin Co,. CA from 2000 to 2003.
- Twig beetles, Pityophthorus setosus and P. carmeli, were shown to vector Fusarium circinatum, Pitch Canker.
- No distinct relationship was found between white pine blister rust and bark beetle attack of limber pine in Colorado.
- Fungi were isolated from the introducted elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi , to see if it may have brought pathogenic Ophiostoma species (e.g. similar to Dutch elm disease) from China. No Ophiostoma species were recovered from beetles collected in Utah and Colorado, nor were other likely plant pathogens found.
- Landscape-scale predictions of the temperature-dependent dynamics of bark beetle populations are providing tools to assess the long-term impact of global warming on native and native-invasive bark beetle species and their ecosystems.
Publications
Publications
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Gender- and sequence- dependent predation within group colonizers of defended plants: a constraint on cheating among bark beetles? Oecologia. In press.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Behavior of adult and larval Platysoma cylindrica (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and larval Medetera bistriata (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) during subcortical predation of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Insect Behav. In press.
Aukema, B.H., Clayton, M, K. & K. F. Raffa Density-dependent effects of multiple predators on an endophagous prey: features of an endophytic existence can reduce intraguild predation within a common habitat. Subm. to Oecologia.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Species assemblage of natural enemies arriving at and emerging from trees colonized by Ips pini in the Great Lakes region: Partitioning by time since colonization, seasonal phenology, and host species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. In press.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Does aggregation benefit bark beetles by diluting predation? Links between a group-colonization strategy and the absence of emergent multiple predator effects. Subm. to Ecol. Entomol.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Interspecific exploitation by predators and competitors of bark beetle pheromones reflect geographic and host distribution patterns: Responses to frontalin and ipsdienol in the Great Lakes region. Subm. to J. Chem. Ecol.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Relative effects of exophytic predation, endophytic predation and intraspecific competition on a subcortical herbivore: Consequences to the reproduction of Ips pini and Thanasimus dubius. Oecologia. 133: 483-491.
Bishop, R. J., and Jacobi, W. R. 2003. Insects associated with black stain root disease centers in pinyon pine stands. Southwestern Entomologist 78: 55-61.
BLODGETT, J. T., and BONELLO, P. 2003. The aggressiveness of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Austrian pine varies with isolate group and site of infection. Forest Pathology 33:15-19.
BLODGETT, J. T., BONELLO, P., and STANOSZ, G. R. 2003. An effective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea from asymptomatic pines. Forest Pathology, in press.
BONELLO, P. 2003. Current perspectives on honeylocust knot. The Buckeye, May 2003:32-35.
BONELLO, P., BELLIZZI, M., and HOITINK, H. A. J. 2003. Update on honeylocust knot. Wooster, OH: Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.
BONELLO, P., and BLODGETT, J. T. 2003. Pinus nigra ? Sphaeropsis sapinea as a model pathosystem to investigate local and systemic effects of fungal infection of pines. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, under review.
Bonello P, A.J. Storer, T.R. Gordon, D.L. Wood. 2003. Systemic effects of Heterobasidion annosum on ferulic acid glucoside and lignin of presymptomatic ponderosa pine phloem, and potential effects on bark-beetle-associated fungi. J. Chem. Ecol. 29:1167-1182.
Cook, S.P. In Press. Impact of stand management practices on beetle diversity. Proceedings: 1999 symposium on ecosystem management research in the
Ouachita and Ozark highlands.
de Beer, Z. W., T. C. Harrington, H. F. Vismer, B. D. Wingfield, and M. J. Wingfield. 2003. Phylogeny of the Ophiostoma stenoceras - Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 95:434-441.
Dahlsten, D.L., D.L. Six, N. Erbilgen, K.F. Raffa, A.B. Lawson, and D.L. Rowney. 2003. Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its predators to various enantiomeric ratios of ipsdienol and lanierone in California: implications for the augmentation and conservation of natural enemies. Environmental Entomology. In press.
Dahlsten, D. L., Six, D. L., Rowney, D. L., Lawson, A. B., Erbilgin, N., & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its predators to natural attractants and synthetic semiochemicals: Implications for population monitoring in northern California. Environ. Entomol. In press.
DIAS, A. P., BROWN, J., BONELLO, P., and GROTEWOLD, E. 2003. Metabolite profiling as a functional genomics tool, in E. Grotewold (eds.). Plant Functional Genomics: Methods & Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
Erbilgin, N., E. V. Nordheim, B. H. Aukema, & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Population dynamics of Ips pini and Ips grandicollis in red pine plantations in Wisconsin: Within- and between- year associations with predators, competitors, and habitat quality. Environ. Entomol. 31: 1043-1051.
Erbilgin, N. & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Spatial analysis of forest gaps resulting from bark beetle colonization of red pines experiencing belowground herbivory and infection. For. Ecol. & Manag. 177: 145-153.
Erbilgin, N., J. S. Powell, & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Effect of varying monoterpene concentrations on the response of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its aggregation pheromone: Implications to the pest management and ecology of bark beetles. J Ag. & For. Ent. In press.
Garriston-Johnston, M.T., J.A. Moore, S.P. Cook, & G.J. Niehoff. In Press.Douglas-fir beetle infestations are associated with certain rock and stand types in the Inland Northwestern United States. Environ. Entomol.
Geils, B.W., Conklin, D., Frank, K., Guyon, J., Harris, J. L., Hoffman, J., Jacobi, W., Kearns, H., Newcomb, M., Smith, E., Van Arsdel, E., and D. Vogler. 2002. New Information on the Distribution of White Pine Blister Rust for 2002., Proceedings of the 50th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Haberkern, K. E. & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Phloeophagous and predaceous insects responding to synthetic pheromones of bark beetles inhabiting white spruce stands in the Great Lakes Region. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 1651-1663.
Hansen, E.M., B.J. Bentz, 2003. Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist 135:1-16.
Harrington, T. C. 2004. Ecology and evolution of mycophagous bark beetles and their fungal partners. In: Ecological and Evolutionary Advances in Insect-Fungal Associations, F. E. Vega and M. Blackwell, eds. Oxford University Press. (in press).
Hsiau, P. T., and T. C. Harrington. 2003. Phylogenetics and adaptations of basidiomycetous fungi fed upon by bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Symbiosis 34:111-131.
Jacobi, W. R., Geils, B. W. and Taylor, J. E. 2002. Frequency of comandra blister rust infection episodes on lodgepole pine. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. RMRS RP-36:13 p.
W.R. Jacobi, S. Zeglen2, J.A. Muir, R. S. Hunt. 2002. Black Stain Root Disease Mortality Rates on Douglas-fir in Coastal British Columbia. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Kallas, M. A., Reich, R. M., Jacobi, W. R., and Lundquist, J. E. 2003. Modeling the probability of observing Armillaria root disease in the Black Hills. Forest Pathology 33:241-252.
Kearns, H.S.J. and W.R. Jacobi. 2002. Final report on the small scale analysis of the impact of black stain root disease centers in pinyon pine. In: Jacobi, W.R. (ed.), Final report for cooperative agreement number RMS-98103and cost share agreement number 00-CS-11020000-026. Unpublished report delivered to USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO: p 1-110.
Holly S. J. Kearns, William R. Jacobi, and Jeri Lyn Harris.. 2002. The Distribution of White Pine Blister Rust in Southeast Wyoming In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Klepzig, K.D. and D.L. Six. In Press. Context dependency in bark beetle-fungal symbioses: Complex interactions in complex associations. Symbiosis.
Kopper, B.J., K.D. Klepzig, and K.F. Raffa. 2003. Effectiveness of modified White?s solution at removing ascomycete fungi associated with the bark beetle, Ips pini. For. Pathol. 33:237-240.
Kopper, B. J. , K. D. Klepzig & K. F. Raffa Components of antagonism and mutualism in Ips pini - fungal interactions: Relationship to a life history of colonizing highly stressed and dead trees. Environ. Entomol. In Press.
Lombardero, M.J., M.P. Ayres, R.W. Hofstetter, J.C. Moser, and K.D. Klepzig. 2003. Strong indirect interactions of Tarsonemus mites (Acarina, Tarsonemidae) and Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Oikos 102:243-252.
Maijala, P., T. C. Harrington, and M. Raudaskoski. 2003. A peroxidase gene family and gene trees in Heterobasidion and related genera. Mycologia 95:209-221.
MCNEE, W. R., BONELLO, P., WOOD, D. L., STORER, A. J., and GORDON, T. R. 2003. Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29:1183-1202.
McNee W.R., P. Bonello, A.J. Storer, D.L. Wood, T.R. Gordon. 2003. Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 1183-1202.
McPherson, B.A., D.L.Wood, A.J. Storer, N.M. Kelly, R.B. Standiford. 2003. Sudden oak death, a new forest disease in California. Integrated Pest Manag. Rev. 6: 243-246.
Miller, D.R., K.F. Raffa, M.J. Dalusky, & C.W. Berisford. 2003. North-south variation in the response of the pine engraver, Ips pini, to lanierone in eastern North America. J. Entomol. Sci. 38: 468-476.
Negron, J.F., Wilson, J.L. 2003. Attributes associated with probability of infestation by the pinon ips, Ips confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in pinon pine, Pinus edulis. Western North America Naturalist 63: 440-451.
Sandoval, S. J. 2003. Beetle capture at artificially created snags in harvested stands. M.S. University of Idaho, Department of Forest Resources.
Six, D. L., T. C. Harrington, J. Steimel, D. McNew, and T. D. Paine. 2003. Genetic relationships among Leptographium terebrantis and the mycangial fungi of three western Dendroctonus bark beetles. Mycologia 95: 781-792.
Six, D. L. 2003. A comparison of mycangial and phoretic of individual mountain pine beetles. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 1331-1334.
Six, D.L. 2003. Bark Beetle-Fungus Symbioses In: Insect Symbiosis. K. Kourtzis and T. Miller, eds. CRC Press.
Six, D.L. and B.J. Bentz. 2003. Fungi associated with the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1815-1820.
Six, D.L. and K. D. Klepzig. In Press. Dendroctonus bark beetles as model systems for the study of symbiosis. Symbiosis.
Smith, E.L.; Geils, B.W.; Kearns, H.S.; and W.R. Jacobi. 2002. The biogeography of blister rust invasions: the challenges of new outbreaks. 2002 Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting; Symposium on "The Rapid Decline of White Pine Ecosystems of the West: Causes, Consequences, and Restoration Strategies"; August 5-9, 2002, Tucson, AZ. (Abstr.)
Sullivan, B.T., M.J. Dalusky, K.D. Klepzig, and C.W. Berisford. Mediation of Parasitoid Host Location by Fungal Associates of Bark Beetles. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
Sullivan, B.T., M.J. Dalusky, and C.W. Berisford nterspecific Variation in Host-Finding Cues of Parasitoids of the Southern Pine Beetle. Journal of Entomological Science.
Sullivan, B.T., C.J. Fettig, W.J. Otrosina, M.J. Dalusky, and C. W. Berisford, Association between severity of prescribed burns and subsequent activity of conifer-infesting beetles in stands of longleaf pine. Forest Ecology and Management.
Thomsen, I.M., Baker, F.A. 2003: Egevisnesyge. En svampesygdom i USA.Videnblad 8.7-23. Skovbrugsserien. Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab.( Oak wilt. A fungal disease in USA. Information sheet 8.7-23. Forestry Series. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, 2 pp.).
Thomsen, I.M., Baker, F.A. 2003: Egevisnesyge - endnu ikke en trussel. Videnblad 5.26-14. Park- og Landskabsserien. Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab.( Oak wilt - not yet a threat. Information sheet 5.26-14. Parks and Landscape Series. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, 2 pp. )
Veysey, J.S., M.P. Ayres, M.J. Lombardero, R.W. Hofstetter, and K.D. Klepzig. 2003. The effect of alternative host species on reproductive success of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ Entomol. 32:668-679.
Wager, D.J., and Baker, F.A. Ozone Concentrations in Utah‘‘‘‘s Central Wasatch Mountains. J. Air and Waste Mgmt. (in press)
Wallin, K.F., & K.F. Raffa. 2004. Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive insect herbivore. Ecol. Monogr. In Press.
Wallin, K.F., J. Rutledge, & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors of the bark beetle Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 1276-1281.
Waring, K. M. and D.L. Six. In review. Distribution of bark beetle attacks following whitebark pine restoration treatments. Western Journal of Applied Forestry.
Werner, R. A. ; K. F. Raffa, & B. L. Illman Insect and Pathogen Dynamics. 2002. In Alaska?s Changing Boreal Forest. Chapin, F.S., III, M. Oswood, K. Van Cleve, L.A. Viereck, and D. Verbyla.. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. In Press.
Wikler, K., A.J. Storer, W. Newman, T.R. Gordon, and D.L. Wood. 2003. The dynamics of an introduced pathogen in a native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 179 (1-3): 209-221 JUL 3 2003.
Worrall, J., K. Sullivan, T.C. Harrington, and J. Steimel. 2004. Incidence, host relations and population structure of Armillaria ostoyae in Colorado campgrounds. Forest Ecology and Management (in press).
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Gender- and sequence- dependent predation within group colonizers of defended plants: a constraint on cheating among bark beetles? Oecologia. In press.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Behavior of adult and larval Platysoma cylindrica (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and larval Medetera bistriata (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) during subcortical predation of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Insect Behav. In press.
Aukema, B.H., Clayton, M, K. & K. F. Raffa Density-dependent effects of multiple predators on an endophagous prey: features of an endophytic existence can reduce intraguild predation within a common habitat. Subm. to Oecologia.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Species assemblage of natural enemies arriving at and emerging from trees colonized by Ips pini in the Great Lakes region: Partitioning by time since colonization, seasonal phenology, and host species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. In press.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Does aggregation benefit bark beetles by diluting predation? Links between a group-colonization strategy and the absence of emergent multiple predator effects. Subm. to Ecol. Entomol.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. Interspecific exploitation by predators and competitors of bark beetle pheromones reflect geographic and host distribution patterns: Responses to frontalin and ipsdienol in the Great Lakes region. Subm. to J. Chem. Ecol.
Aukema, B.H., & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Relative effects of exophytic predation, endophytic predation and intraspecific competition on a subcortical herbivore: Consequences to the reproduction of Ips pini and Thanasimus dubius. Oecologia. 133: 483-491.
Bishop, R. J., and Jacobi, W. R. 2003. Insects associated with black stain root disease centers in pinyon pine stands. Southwestern Entomologist 78: 55-61.
BLODGETT, J. T., and BONELLO, P. 2003. The aggressiveness of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Austrian pine varies with isolate group and site of infection. Forest Pathology 33:15-19.
BLODGETT, J. T., BONELLO, P., and STANOSZ, G. R. 2003. An effective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea from asymptomatic pines. Forest Pathology, in press.
BONELLO, P. 2003. Current perspectives on honeylocust knot. The Buckeye, May 2003:32-35.
BONELLO, P., BELLIZZI, M., and HOITINK, H. A. J. 2003. Update on honeylocust knot. Wooster, OH: Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.
BONELLO, P., and BLODGETT, J. T. 2003. Pinus nigra ? Sphaeropsis sapinea as a model pathosystem to investigate local and systemic effects of fungal infection of pines. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, under review.
Bonello P, A.J. Storer, T.R. Gordon, D.L. Wood. 2003. Systemic effects of Heterobasidion annosum on ferulic acid glucoside and lignin of presymptomatic ponderosa pine phloem, and potential effects on bark-beetle-associated fungi. J. Chem. Ecol. 29:1167-1182.
Cook, S.P. In Press. Impact of stand management practices on beetle diversity. Proceedings: 1999 symposium on ecosystem management research in the
Ouachita and Ozark highlands.
de Beer, Z. W., T. C. Harrington, H. F. Vismer, B. D. Wingfield, and M. J. Wingfield. 2003. Phylogeny of the Ophiostoma stenoceras - Sporothrix schenckii complex. Mycologia 95:434-441.
Dahlsten, D.L., D.L. Six, N. Erbilgen, K.F. Raffa, A.B. Lawson, and D.L. Rowney. 2003. Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its predators to various enantiomeric ratios of ipsdienol and lanierone in California: implications for the augmentation and conservation of natural enemies. Environmental Entomology. In press.
Dahlsten, D. L., Six, D. L., Rowney, D. L., Lawson, A. B., Erbilgin, N., & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its predators to natural attractants and synthetic semiochemicals: Implications for population monitoring in northern California. Environ. Entomol. In press.
DIAS, A. P., BROWN, J., BONELLO, P., and GROTEWOLD, E. 2003. Metabolite profiling as a functional genomics tool, in E. Grotewold (eds.). Plant Functional Genomics: Methods & Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
Erbilgin, N., E. V. Nordheim, B. H. Aukema, & K. F. Raffa. 2002. Population dynamics of Ips pini and Ips grandicollis in red pine plantations in Wisconsin: Within- and between- year associations with predators, competitors, and habitat quality. Environ. Entomol. 31: 1043-1051.
Erbilgin, N. & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Spatial analysis of forest gaps resulting from bark beetle colonization of red pines experiencing belowground herbivory and infection. For. Ecol. & Manag. 177: 145-153.
Erbilgin, N., J. S. Powell, & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Effect of varying monoterpene concentrations on the response of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its aggregation pheromone: Implications to the pest management and ecology of bark beetles. J Ag. & For. Ent. In press.
Garriston-Johnston, M.T., J.A. Moore, S.P. Cook, & G.J. Niehoff. In Press.Douglas-fir beetle infestations are associated with certain rock and stand types in the Inland Northwestern United States. Environ. Entomol.
Geils, B.W., Conklin, D., Frank, K., Guyon, J., Harris, J. L., Hoffman, J., Jacobi, W., Kearns, H., Newcomb, M., Smith, E., Van Arsdel, E., and D. Vogler. 2002. New Information on the Distribution of White Pine Blister Rust for 2002., Proceedings of the 50th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Haberkern, K. E. & K. F. Raffa. 2003. Phloeophagous and predaceous insects responding to synthetic pheromones of bark beetles inhabiting white spruce stands in the Great Lakes Region. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 1651-1663.
Hansen, E.M., B.J. Bentz, 2003. Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist 135:1-16.
Harrington, T. C. 2004. Ecology and evolution of mycophagous bark beetles and their fungal partners. In: Ecological and Evolutionary Advances in Insect-Fungal Associations, F. E. Vega and M. Blackwell, eds. Oxford University Press. (in press).
Hsiau, P. T., and T. C. Harrington. 2003. Phylogenetics and adaptations of basidiomycetous fungi fed upon by bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Symbiosis 34:111-131.
Jacobi, W. R., Geils, B. W. and Taylor, J. E. 2002. Frequency of comandra blister rust infection episodes on lodgepole pine. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. RMRS RP-36:13 p.
W.R. Jacobi, S. Zeglen2, J.A. Muir, R. S. Hunt. 2002. Black Stain Root Disease Mortality Rates on Douglas-fir in Coastal British Columbia. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Kallas, M. A., Reich, R. M., Jacobi, W. R., and Lundquist, J. E. 2003. Modeling the probability of observing Armillaria root disease in the Black Hills. Forest Pathology 33:241-252.
Kearns, H.S.J. and W.R. Jacobi. 2002. Final report on the small scale analysis of the impact of black stain root disease centers in pinyon pine. In: Jacobi, W.R. (ed.), Final report for cooperative agreement number RMS-98103and cost share agreement number 00-CS-11020000-026. Unpublished report delivered to USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO: p 1-110.
Holly S. J. Kearns, William R. Jacobi, and Jeri Lyn Harris.. 2002. The Distribution of White Pine Blister Rust in Southeast Wyoming In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. (Abstr.)
Klepzig, K.D. and D.L. Six. In Press. Context dependency in bark beetle-fungal symbioses: Complex interactions in complex associations. Symbiosis.
Kopper, B.J., K.D. Klepzig, and K.F. Raffa. 2003. Effectiveness of modified White?s solution at removing ascomycete fungi associated with the bark beetle, Ips pini. For. Pathol. 33:237-240.
Kopper, B. J. , K. D. Klepzig & K. F. Raffa Components of antagonism and mutualism in Ips pini - fungal interactions: Relationship to a life history of colonizing highly stressed and dead trees. Environ. Entomol. In Press.
Lombardero, M.J., M.P. Ayres, R.W. Hofstetter, J.C. Moser, and K.D. Klepzig. 2003. Strong indirect interactions of Tarsonemus mites (Acarina, Tarsonemidae) and Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Oikos 102:243-252.
Maijala, P., T. C. Harrington, and M. Raudaskoski. 2003. A peroxidase gene family and gene trees in Heterobasidion and related genera. Mycologia 95:209-221.
MCNEE, W. R., BONELLO, P., WOOD, D. L., STORER, A. J., and GORDON, T. R. 2003. Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29:1183-1202.
McNee W.R., P. Bonello, A.J. Storer, D.L. Wood, T.R. Gordon. 2003. Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. J. Chem. Ecol. 29: 1183-1202.
McPherson, B.A., D.L.Wood, A.J. Storer, N.M. Kelly, R.B. Standiford. 2003. Sudden oak death, a new forest disease in California. Integrated Pest Manag. Rev. 6: 243-246.
Miller, D.R., K.F. Raffa, M.J. Dalusky, & C.W. Berisford. 2003. North-south variation in the response of the pine engraver, Ips pini, to lanierone in eastern North America. J. Entomol. Sci. 38: 468-476.
Negron, J.F., Wilson, J.L. 2003. Attributes associated with probability of infestation by the pinon ips, Ips confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in pinon pine, Pinus edulis. Western North America Naturalist 63: 440-451.
Sandoval, S. J. 2003. Beetle capture at artificially created snags in harvested stands. M.S. University of Idaho, Department of Forest Resources.
Six, D. L., T. C. Harrington, J. Steimel, D. McNew, and T. D. Paine. 2003. Genetic relationships among Leptographium terebrantis and the mycangial fungi of three western Dendroctonus bark beetles. Mycologia 95: 781-792.
Six, D. L. 2003. A comparison of mycangial and phoretic of individual mountain pine beetles. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 1331-1334.
Six, D.L. 2003. Bark Beetle-Fungus Symbioses In: Insect Symbiosis. K. Kourtzis and T. Miller, eds. CRC Press.
Six, D.L. and B.J. Bentz. 2003. Fungi associated with the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1815-1820.
Six, D.L. and K. D. Klepzig. In Press. Dendroctonus bark beetles as model systems for the study of symbiosis. Symbiosis.
Smith, E.L.; Geils, B.W.; Kearns, H.S.; and W.R. Jacobi. 2002. The biogeography of blister rust invasions: the challenges of new outbreaks. 2002 Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting; Symposium on "The Rapid Decline of White Pine Ecosystems of the West: Causes, Consequences, and Restoration Strategies"; August 5-9, 2002, Tucson, AZ. (Abstr.)
Sullivan, B.T., M.J. Dalusky, K.D. Klepzig, and C.W. Berisford. Mediation of Parasitoid Host Location by Fungal Associates of Bark Beetles. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
Sullivan, B.T., M.J. Dalusky, and C.W. Berisford nterspecific Variation in Host-Finding Cues of Parasitoids of the Southern Pine Beetle. Journal of Entomological Science.
Sullivan, B.T., C.J. Fettig, W.J. Otrosina, M.J. Dalusky, and C. W. Berisford, Association between severity of prescribed burns and subsequent activity of conifer-infesting beetles in stands of longleaf pine. Forest Ecology and Management.
Thomsen, I.M., Baker, F.A. 2003: Egevisnesyge. En svampesygdom i USA.Videnblad 8.7-23. Skovbrugsserien. Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab.( Oak wilt. A fungal disease in USA. Information sheet 8.7-23. Forestry Series. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, 2 pp.).
Thomsen, I.M., Baker, F.A. 2003: Egevisnesyge - endnu ikke en trussel. Videnblad 5.26-14. Park- og Landskabsserien. Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab.( Oak wilt - not yet a threat. Information sheet 5.26-14. Parks and Landscape Series. Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, 2 pp. )
Veysey, J.S., M.P. Ayres, M.J. Lombardero, R.W. Hofstetter, and K.D. Klepzig. 2003. The effect of alternative host species on reproductive success of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ Entomol. 32:668-679.
Wager, D.J., and Baker, F.A. Ozone Concentrations in Utah‘‘‘‘s Central Wasatch Mountains. J. Air and Waste Mgmt. (in press)
Wallin, K.F., & K.F. Raffa. 2004. Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive insect herbivore. Ecol. Monogr. In Press.
Wallin, K.F., J. Rutledge, & K.F. Raffa. 2002. Heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors of the bark beetle Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 1276-1281.
Waring, K. M. and D.L. Six. In review. Distribution of bark beetle attacks following whitebark pine restoration treatments. Western Journal of Applied Forestry.
Werner, R. A. ; K. F. Raffa, & B. L. Illman Insect and Pathogen Dynamics. 2002. In Alaska?s Changing Boreal Forest. Chapin, F.S., III, M. Oswood, K. Van Cleve, L.A. Viereck, and D. Verbyla.. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. In Press.
Wikler, K., A.J. Storer, W. Newman, T.R. Gordon, and D.L. Wood. 2003. The dynamics of an introduced pathogen in a native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 179 (1-3): 209-221 JUL 3 2003.
Worrall, J., K. Sullivan, T.C. Harrington, and J. Steimel. 2004. Incidence, host relations and population structure of Armillaria ostoyae in Colorado campgrounds. Forest Ecology and Management (in press).