Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Accomplishments At the Cornell University experiment station in New York the formulation of diets on the basis of fermentable NDF has enabled commercial sheep and goat farmers in the Northeast to make better decisions about how to include grain by-product ingredients in complete-mixed diets for ewes and does and for growing animals. The vaccination of sheep against Johnes Disease has been shown to be feasible. When refined vaccines based upon recombinant proteins become available commercially, it will likely be possible to eradicate the disease. The Cornell STAR accelerated lambing system has been shown to be a feasible way of making better use of buildings and equipment and year-round labor and increasing opportunities to take advantage of optimal times to markets. At North Dakota State University, data are currently being collected for the project entitled: Evaluation of Katahdin Influenced Ewes under Minimal Management Conditions. These data will be reported at next year's meeting. Data have been collected and analyzed for the project entitled: Application of Hormonal Technologies for Out-of-Season Breeding in Sheep. These data are currently being prepared for publication. Data have been collected and analyzed for the project entitled: Effects of Dietary Intake and Maternal Growth during Pregnancy in Ewe Lambs. Numerous abstracts for these data have been published and manuscripts are in preparation. At Oregon State University, the third crop of Dorper-cross lambs has just been born for assessment of survival and growth; the first crop of crossbred lambs is completing their first reproductive cycle to assess reproductive performance while generating ¾ Dorper lambs for future assessment. At South Dakota State University, studies with co-product (SH and DDGS) based sheep diets have shown they can serve as primary feed ingredients in nutrition management applications for intensively managed commercial sheep that improve animal growth, milk production and have not contributed to the incidence of acidosis or copper toxicity. Research summary data and recommendations on use of co-products in sheep diets have been disseminated to the target audience - producers, nutritionists and sheep research academia. The written and oral communication mechanisms employed to disseminate the information are peer-reviewed manuscripts, extension publications, conferences, workshops, field days and media (print, television and radio). Multi-state and functional efforts were incorporated in dissemination of key research based recommendations. Other station research projects had multi-state, disciplinary and functional efforts. At the Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA  Arkansas, copper oxide wire particles (COWP) as an effective method to control internal parasites in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus causes anemia and death in sheep and goats living in warm, humid climates. Scientists at USDA, ARS in Arkansas, Louisiana State University, and Fort Valley State University continued studies on the practical use of COWP for management of H. contortus. Doses as low as 0.5 g can be used in kids and lambs at very low cost to producers. This finding is important to producers in warm, humid climates looking for sustainable alternatives to chemical dewormers. At the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA  Nebraska, Data collection during phase 1 of the experiment Evaluation of wool and hair breeds under high- and low-input production systems was completed, data were edited, and analyses started. The second phase of the experiment Evaluation of wool and hair breeds under high and low-input production systems was revised to extend evaluation of F1 ewes for spring fertility from 5 to 6 years of age. The experiment Evaluation of reciprocal crossbred ewes and terminal sire breeds was revised to extend evaluation of ewes from 3 to 5 parities. Plans were approved to start an experiment investigating effects of myostatin and callipyge mutations in sheep. A flock of Katahdin sheep was established at USMARC to serve as a control for future research on easy-care breeds. At the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, USDA  Idaho, the use of specialized paternal and maternal lines in terminal crossbreeding systems will likely result in greater lamb birth weights, which may increase the incidence of dystocia. Scientists at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, have implemented a study to evaluate the relationships between birth weight, birth order, litter size, and incidence of dystocia in modern sheep to better understand the factors associated with dystocia. Polypay is a semiprolific breed of sheep with potential for use as a maternal breed in terminal crossbreeding systems. The traditional management practice of litter reduction (i.e., orphaning) is arbitrary and may adversely affect litter weight at weaning. Scientists at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station Dubois, ID, have implemented a multiyear study to evaluate the effects of arbitrary litter reduction practices on lamb survival and litter weight at weaning in mature Polypay ewes. Terminal crossbreeding systems in western range production would benefit from a composite terminal sire line that is adapted to extensive management systems and produces progeny that excel in survival, growth rate and efficiency, carcass composition, muscle quality, and pelt quality. Scientists at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, in collaboration with scientists at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, The Ohio State University, Columbus, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, are evaluating progeny from four terminal sire breeds (Columbia, MARCIII, Suffolk, and Texel) over 3 yr to guide the development of a white-faced, composite terminal sire line adapted to an extensive western range environment. Collection of survival, growth, and carcass data for the first year of the study has been completed, progeny for the second year have been produced, and analyses of the data from the first year have been initiated. Lateral transmission of blood borne diseases in sheep is possible when reusing a needle during routine vaccination. In addition, needle injections can cause damage to the lamb carcass and reduce its value. Scientists at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, in collaboration with scientists at the U.S. Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA, are evaluating a needleless vaccination system in sheep. Preliminary data indicate that the needleless vaccination system elicits the same antibody response as needle vaccinations, and the needleless vaccination system is more time-efficient than needle vaccinations. At Utah State University, the identification of when Locoweed has the greatest fetotoxic impact on livestock production will lead to better management practices. The fact that Locoweed has a breed and species specific effect may help to identify how certain genotypes of animals have become more tolerant to Locoweed poisoning. Such information may lead to better treatment for poisoned animals as well as aid in the development of genetic markers that might result in Locoweed resistant livestock. Detailed high-resolution RH maps for seven chromosomes and associated comparative maps were developed. These chromosome-specific RH maps demonstrate the utility of the ovine whole genome radiation hybrid panel (USUoRH5000) for constructing an integrated RH map for sheep. The availability of high-resolution comprehensive maps for all ovine chromosomes will enhance the identification of chromosomal locations of genes responsible for traits of interest in sheep. In addition, high-resolution maps will enable identification of precise locations of multi-species conserved chromosome segments and evolutionary breakpoints in related species. At the University of the Virgin Islands, during the past year the Animal Science Program has given tours of the Sheep Research Facility to over 500 students from the public schools; the Animal Science Program mentored a student in the VI Department of Labor, Labor Investing for Tomorrow (LIFT) program drug the summer of 2006. Aletha Baumann is a local student who is a pre-vet student at Florida A&M University; Christie Ketring, Research Analyst, worked with the 4-H program to conduct a lamb rearing workshop so that members would have more information on bottle rearing lambs; and Dr Godfrey was the keynote speaker at the Sheep Producers Association of Hawaii, Sheep Producers Grazing Management Workshop, Kamuela, HI in October 2006. At Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, an assessment of the potential for development of genetic improvement strategies for reproductive traits in flocks practicing accelerated lambing has been completed; and a flock of Katahdin sheep has been established at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center and will be used to assess alternative mating systems and develop genetic evaluation methods appropriate for hair sheep. At Virginia State University, grant funding was obtained and research was initiated on a multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary project evaluating the impact of migratory and resident wild bird populations on the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter on grazing small ruminants through fecal contamination. Collaborations Louisiana State University is working with USDA ARS Booneville, AR to develop these control measures for implementation into production schemes to alleviate reliance on anthelmintics. Diets for sheep at the Wisconsin, USDA-MARC, and USDA-Dubois experiment stations were evaluated at Cornell University for level of fermentable NDF and suggestions were made about how to increase FNDF in the diets. North Dakota State University will continue to work with the US Sheep Experiment Station on the project entitled: Sheep Breeds at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois ID  1950-2003. Results and outcomes of the project at Oregon State University will be combined with two similar projects designed to assess the potential role of non-wool breeds in reduced input production systems. South Dakota State University is collaborating with Iowa State University and the University of Kentucky to evaluate the effect of whole soybean supplementation in the fall breeding season on ewe reproductive efficiency. This study will be conducted for two years ending with the 2008 spring born lamb crop. Hair sheep resources at the Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA  Arkansas (St. Croix and Katahdin ewes and rams) were shared between NCERA-190 members at USDA, ARS in Booneville, Arkansas and Virginia State University to further Objective 4 of the current Project. The U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA  Nebraska is producing Composite rams for use by ARS scientists at Dubois, ID to evaluate terminal sire breeds. We are also producing crossbred Romanov rams to contribute to maternal line evaluation at Dubois. The research at Utah State University has been in collaboration with Christopher A. Bidwell, Purdue University, Department of West Lafayette, IN 47907-1026; Gary D. Snowder, USDA, ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933; James E. Miller, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; James E. Womack, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Kip E. Panter, USDA Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory; Logan UT. The University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station is working with Virginia State University (S. Wildeus) and Mississippi State University (S. Willard) on several projects. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is collaborating with 1) Montana State University to assess genetic variance in fitness traits in Targhee sheep and to develop methods for genetic evaluation of these traits; 2) the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station in the design of experiments to compare terminal sire breeds of sheep, develop methods for ultrasonic evaluation of carcass merit, and develop a terminal-sire composite breed; 3) the Center for Animal Functional Genomics at Michigan State University to utilize microarray analyses to identify genes that are differentially expressed in parasitized hair and wool sheep; and 4) a group of NSIP Katahdin breeders and with Katahdin breeders participating in a Midwestern SARE producer project to estimate of heritabilities for fecal egg counts in Katahdin sheep. Research at Virginia State University on differences in parasite tolerance between hair sheep breeds was conducted in cooperation with Virginia Tech. The genetic diversity of the St. Croix and Katahdin hair sheep research flocks at VSU was enhanced through the transfer of ewes and rams from the USDA-ARS, AR flock.

A. J. Nedrow, J. Gavalchin, M. C. Smith, S. M. Stehman, J. K. Maul, S. P. McDonough, and M. L. Thonney. Antibody and skin-test responses of sheep vaccinated against Johne's disease. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 116:109-112. A.T. Grazul-Bilska, D. Pant, J.S. Luther, P.P. Borowicz, C. Navanukraw, J.S. Caton, M.A. Ward, D. A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds. 2006. Pregnancy rates and gravid uterine parameters in single, twin and triplet pregnancies in naturally bred ewes and ewes after transfer of in vitro produced embryos. Animal Reproduction Science 92: 268-283. Arndt, W. J., A. T. Grazul-Bilska, J. S. Caton, E. Borowczyk, P. P. Borowicz, M. Ward, D. A. Redmer, L. P. Reynolds, and K. S. Vonnahme. 2006. Cellular proliferation in fetal ovarian follicles obtained from sheep in late pregnancy fed maintenance or restricted diets with normal or enhanced selenium concentrations. 32nd Annual Conference of the IETS. Abstract. Barraza, M. L. , J. R. Strickland, H. Zepeda, J. B. Taylor, C. R. Krehbiel, G. S. Bell, and J. L. Klotz. 2006. Gross and histopathological observations of long-term catheterized vessels in experimental sheep. J. Vet. Med. 53:230-238. Beever, J. E., M. A. Smit, S. N. Meyers, T. S. Hadfield, C. Bottema, J. Albretsen, and N. E. Cockett, 2006. A single-base change in the tyrosine kinase II domain of ovine FGFR3 causes hereditary chondrodysplasia in sheep. Anim. Genet. 37:66-71. Bidwell, C. and N. Cockett (2006) Genomic regions associated with sheep muscle and carcass traits. Amer. Soc. Anim. Science (abstract). Borowicz, P. P., A. T. Grazul-Bilska, D. A. Redmer, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Caton, and L. P. Reynolds. 2007a. The Influence of Maternal and Fetal Breed on Vascularity of the Placenta in Sheep. Journal of Animal Science 85 (Suppl.1). Borowicz, P. P., A. T. Grazul-Bilska, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Caton, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds. 2006b. Influence of maternal and fetal breed on placental and fetal weight in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 84 (Neville et al., 2006):206. Borowicz, P. P., A. T. Grazul-bilska, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S., Caton, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds. 2006 Influence of maternal and fetal breed on placental and fetal weight in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (suppl. 1):206. Borowicz, P. P., D. A. Redmer, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, G. Ptak, P. Loi, and L. P. Reynolds. 2006c. Expression of angiogenic factors and their major receptors in the sheep placenta throughout the early pregnancy. IETS. Borowicz, P. P., D. R. Arnold, M. L. Johnson, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, D. A. Redmer, and L.P. Reynolds. 2007. Placental Growth Throughout the Last Two Thirds of Pregnancy in Sheep: Vascular Development and Angiogenic Factor Expression. Biol Reprod 76:259-267. Borowicz, P. P., E. Borowczyk, K. A. Vonnahme, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds. 2006a. Effect of age at first pregnancy on placental vascularity in sheep. Biology of Reproduction 74 (Neville et al., 2006):159. Borowicz, P. P., M. A. Minten, G. Ptak, P. Lio, L. Della Salda, C. Palmieri, P. A. Scapolo, A. Cuomo, Z. K. Jablonska, D. A. Redmer, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, and L. P. Reynolds. 2007c. Maternal Placental Vascularity And Capillary Endothelial Cell Proliferation During Early Pregnancy After Transfer Of Embryos Generated Through Assisted Reproductive Technology In Sheep. Biology of Reproduction 76 (Suppl.1). Borowicz, P. P., M. L. Johnson, K. A. Vonnahme, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds. 2007b. The Effect Of Adolescence On Fetal, Placental, And Uterine Development, Placental Vascular Measures, And The Correlation Of Changes In Placental Vascularity With Expression Of Major Angiogenic Factors And Their Receptors In Sheep. Perinatal Biology Symposium. Borowicz, P.P., E. Borowczyk, K.A. Vonnahme, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds. 2006. Effect of age at first pregnancy on placental vascularity in sheep. SSR Meeting. July 29-August 1. Omaha, NE. Abstract#392. Bunch, T.D., C. Wu, Y-P. Zhang, and S. Wang. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of snow sheep (Ovis nivicola) and closely related taxa. J. Hered. 97:21-30. Burke JM, Apple JK. 2007. Growth performance and carcass traits of forage-fed hair sheep wethers. Small Rum. Res. 67:264-270. Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA. 2007. Interaction between copper oxide wire particles and grazing sericea lespedeza to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Supplement 2):32(Abstract). Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH. 2007. Interaction between high protein supplement and copper oxide wire particles to control gastrointestinal nematodes in growing goats. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Supplement 2):32(Abstract). Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH. 2007. Low dose titration of copper oxide wire particles for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned kids. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Supplement 2):32(Abstract). Burke JM, Miller JE. Control of Haemonchus contortus in goats with a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus. 2006. Vet. Parasitol. 141:132-137. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., 2006. Control of Haemonchus contortus in ewes and does with a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus. Vet Parasitol 141, 132-137. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., 2006. Evaluation of multiple low dose copper oxide wire particle boluses for control of Haemonchus contortus in lambs. Vet Parasitol 139, 145-149. Burke, J.M., Morrical, D., Miller, J.E. 2007. Control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating Polypay ewes and offspring in Iowa. Vet. Parasitol. 146:372-375. C.W. Galbreath, M. R. ONeil, J.D. Kirsch, J.W. Schroeder, K.G. Odde, G.P. Lardy, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2006. Effect of feeding ax or linseed meal on progesterone clearance rate in ovariectomized ewes. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 84, Suppl. 1. Abst. 582. Campbell, A.W. and D.F. Waldron. 2006. Genetic improvement of meat production in small ruminants. Proc. 8th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Aug 13-18, 2006. (www.wcgalp8.org.br/wcgalp8/articles/paper/4_551-776.pdf) Carneiro, A., A. Esquivel, D.E. Hogue, and M.L. Thonney. 2006. Effect of fermentable fiber level and protein source on feed intake and efficiency of growth lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 84, Supplement 1, p. 268. Casellas, J., D. L. Thomas and Y. M. Berger. 2006. Comparison of East Friesian and Lacaune dairy sheep breeds in the USA. Book of Abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. Antalya, Turkey. No. 12:80. Caton, J. S., A. T. Grazul-Bilska, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Luther, G. P. Lardy, C. J. Hammer, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds. 2007. (Invited) Nutritional Management During Gestation: Impacts on Lifelong Performance. Proc.18th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. pages 144-163. Chafton LA, Miller JE, Mosjidis JA, Terrill TH, Burke JM. 2007. The effect of the condensed tannin containing forage, sericea lespedeza, fed as ground hay on existing and establishing infection of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Supplement 2):43(Abstract). Chafton, L.A., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., Burke, J.M., 2006. The effect of the condensed tannin containing forage sericea lespedza fed as a meal on existing and establishing infection of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Proc 51stAnn Meet Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol: 38. Cockett, N. E. (2006) The Sheep Genome. In: Structure and Evolution of Vertebrate Genomics. Editor: J. N. Volff. Karger, Germany, pp. 79-85. Cockett, N. E., T. S. Hadfield, C. H. Wu and K. Nomura (2006) Resources available for sheep genomics research. Amer. Soc. Anim. Science (abstract). Daniel, J. A. and J. E. Held. 2006. Testing Intervention Strategies to Reduce the Prevalence of Lung Lesions in Lambs. SDSU Sheep Research Report  2006  2. Daniel, J. A., J. E. Held, D. G. Brake, D. M. Wulf, and W. E. Epperson. 2006. Evaluation of the Prevalence and Onset of Lung Lesions and their Impact on Growth of Lambs. AJVR 67(5):890-894. Davis, G. H., L. Balakrishnan, I. K. Ross, T. Wilson, S. M. Galloway, B. M. Lumsden, J. P. Hanrahan, M. Mullen, X. Z. Mao, G. L. Wnag, Z. S. Zhao, Y. G. Zeng, J. J. Robinson, A. P. Mavrogenis, C. Papchristoforou, C. Peter, R. Baumung, P. Cardyn, I. Boujenane, N. E. Cockett, E. Eythorsdottir, J. J. Arranz and D. R. Notter (2006) Investigation of the Boorola (FecB) and Inverdale (FecXI) mutations in 21 prolific breeds and strains of sheep sampled in13 countries. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 92:87-96. Davis, G. H., L. Balakrishnan, I.K. Ross, T. Wilson, S.M. Galloway, B.M. Lumsden, J.P. Hanrahan, M. Mullen, X.Z. Mao, G.L. Wang, Z.S. Zhao, Y.Q. Zeng, J. J. Robinson, A.P. Mavrogenis, C. Papachristoforou, C. Peter, R. Baumung, P. Cardyn, I. Boujenane, N.E. Cockett, E. Eythorsdottir, J. J. Arranz, and D.R. Notter. 2006. Investigation of the Booroola (FecB) and Inverdale (FecXI) mutations in 21 prolific breeds and strains of sheep sampled in 13 countries. Anim. Repro. Sci. 92:87-96. Di Meo, G.P., A. Perucatti, S. Floriot, R. Rullo, D. Incarnato, N. Cockett, E. Cribiu, J. Williams, A. Eggen and L. Iannuzzi (2006) The sheep (Ovis aries, 2n=54) cytogenetic map: assignment of 41 loci by FISH-mapping and R-banding. 17th European Colloquium Cytogen. Gene Mapping (Lisbon). Dykes, G.S., Terrill, T.H., Shaik, S.A., Miller, J.E., Kouakou, B., Kannan, G., Burke, J.M., Kaplan, .M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2006. Effect of sericea lespedeza hay on gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats. Proc Amer Forage Grassland Council. E. Windorski, C. Schauer, D. Pearson, A. Wurst, K. Inskeep, and J. Luther. 2007. Effects of Melengestrol Acetate and PG600 on Fertility in Rambouillet Ewes Outside the Normal Breeding Season. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 58. E. Windorski, C. Schauer, D. Pearson, A. Wurst, K. Inskeep, and J. Luther. 2007. Influence of Melengestrol Acetate and PG600 on Fertility in Rambouillet Ewes Outside the Normal Breeding Season. Hettinger Research Report. Fleming, J. N., L. M. Wilson, G. R. Olbricht, T. Vuocolo, K. Byrne, B. A. Braig, R. L. Tellam, N. E. Cockett and C. A. Bidwell (2006) Analysis of gene expression during the onset of muscle hypertrophy in callipyge lambs. Proc., Plant and Animal Genome XIV, poster P724, p. 281. Fleming-Waddell, J. N., L. M. Wilson, G. R. Olbricht, T. Vuocolo, K. Byrne, B. A. Braig, R. L. Tellam, N. E. Cockett and C. A. Bidwell (2006) Gene expression profiling of two hypertrophied muscles in callipyge lambs. 30th International Conference on Animal Genetics C514. Flemming, S.A., Craig. T., Kaplan, R., Miller, J.E., Navarre, C, Riggs, M., 2006. Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants. J Vet Intern Med 20, 435-441. Godfrey, R.W. and M.C. Vinson. 2006. The effect of time of day of supplemental feeding on production traits of lactating hair sheep in the tropics. J. Animal Sci. 84(Suppl. 2). Godfrey. R.W. and R.E. Dodson. 2006. Alternative methods of controlling parasites in small ruminants. Pages 62-70 in Alternative Health Practices for Livestock. T.F. Morris and M.T. Keilty, eds. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA. Goldammer, T., T. S. Hadfield, C. Kühn, C. A. Gill, R. Weikard, R. M. Brunner, K. Wimmers, J. E. Womack and N. E. Cockett (2006) A comparative radiation hybrid map of sheep chromosome OAR26. 30th International Conference on Animal Genetics B2. Grazul-Bilska A.T., E. Borowczyk, W. Arndt, J. Evoniuk, M. ONeil, J.J. Bilski, R.M. Weigl, J.J. Kirsch, K.C. Kraft, K.A. Vonnahme, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, J.S. Caton. 2006. Effects of overnutrition and undernutriton on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and early embryonic development in sheep. SSR Meeting, July 29-August 1. Omaha, NE. Abstract #267. Hadfield, T. S., J. E. Miller, S. Bishop, G. Davies and N. E. Cockett (2006) Putative QTL for parasite resistance in sheep. 30th International Conference on Animal Genetics D407. Held, J.E. 2006. Feeding Soyhulls and Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles to Sheep. South Dakota State University ExEx 2052. Held, J.E. 2006. Using DDGS in Mixed Lamb Diets. South Dakota State University ExEx. 2053. Huls, T. J., A. J. Bartosh, J. A. Daniel, R. D. Zelinsky, J. E. Held, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2006. Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement for soybean meal and a portion of the corn in finishing wether diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2):87. Huls, T. J., A. J. Bartosh, J. A. Daniel, R. D. Zelinsky, J. Held, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2006. Efficacy of feeding dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement for soybean meal and a portion of the corn in a finishing wether diet. Sheep and Goat Res. J. 21:30-34. Jackson, F., Miller, J.E., 2006. Alternative approaches to control - Quo vadis. Vet Parasitol 139, 371-384. Julius, S., M. Ward, J. Caton, J. Taylor, S. Soto-Navarro, K. Vonnahme, T. Neville, J. Reed, P. Borowicz, D. Redmer, and L. Reynolds. 2006. Effects of level and source of selenium on maternal jejunal vascularity in growing pregnant ewe lambs. J. Anim. Sci.84(Suppl. 2):54. Kuehn, L. A., R. M. Lewis, and D. R. Notter. 2006. Connectedness in Targhee and Suffolk flocks participating in the U.S. National Sheep Improvement Program. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):445. Kunkle, R. A., J. M. Miller, D. P. Alt, R. C. Cutlip, N. E. Cockett, S. Wang, J. A. Richt, B. V. Thomsen and S. M. Hall (2006) Determination of sheep prion gene polymorphisms from paraffin-embedded tissue. J. Vet. Diagnostic Investigations. 18:443-7. Lange, K.C., Olcott, D.D., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., Burke, J.M., Kearney, M.T., 2006. Effect of sericea lespedeza, fed as hay, on natural and experimental Haemonchus contortus infections in lambs. Vet Parasitol 141, 273-278. Lewis, G. S. and M. C. Wulster-Radcliffe. 2006. Prostaglandin F2a up regulates uterine immune defenses in the presence of the immunosuppressive steroid progesterone. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 56:102-111. Leymaster, K. A., S. D. Shackelford, T. L. Wheeler, and M. Koohmaraie. 2006. Direct breed effects on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of sheep. CD-ROM Communication No. 32-12 in Proc. 8th World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod. Leytem, A. B., J. B. Taylor, V. Raboy, and P. W. Plumstead. 2006. Dietary low-phytate mutant-M 955 barley grain alters phytate degradation and mineral digestion in sheep fed high-grain diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. http://dx.doi.org/ , doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.005. Looper ML, Edrington, TS, Flores R, Burke JM, Callaway TR, Aiken GE, Schrick F, Rosenkarans C. 2007. Influence of dietary endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seed on fecal shedding of antibiotic-resistance selected Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ewes. J. 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