SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Calvin,Dennis (ifa@psu.edu), PSU; Hunt, Thomas (thunt2@unl.edu), University of Nebraska; Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu), Texas A & M; Andow, David (dandow@umn.edu), University of Minnesota; Cronholm, Greg (g-croholm@tamu.edu), Texas A & M University; Mason, Charles (mason@udel.edu), University of Delaware; Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu), LSU Ag Center; Nansen, Christian (cnansen@ag.tamu.edu), Texas A & M; Buschman, Larry (lbuschma@ksu.edu), Kansas State Univ.; Palizada, Santiago (spaliza1@bigred.unl.edu), University of Nebraska  Lincoln; Foster, John (jfoster1@unl.edu), University of Nebraska  Lincoln; Smith, Jocelyn (jsmith@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca), University of Guelph; Onstad, David (onstad@uiuc.edu), University of Illinois; Buntin, David (gbantin@griffin.uga.edu), University of Georgia; Knodel, Janet (janet.knodel@ndsu.edu), NDSU; Sappington, Tom (tsapping@iastate.edu), USDA-ARS, Ames IA; Hellmich, Rick (rlhellmi@iastate.edu), USDA-ARS, Ames IA;

Thursday, February 1, 2007 Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:30 a.m. Committee secretary, Tom Hunt, took minutes. AGENDA : Annual Meeting of North Central Multistate Project (NC-205), Ecology and Management of European Corn Borer and Other Lepidopteran Pests of Corn. February 1 to February 2, 2007 Amerisuites DFW Airport South 4235 West Airport Freeway Irving, TX 75062 Tel: (972) 659-1272 Fax: (972) 570-0676 Thursday, February 1, 2007 Morning 8:30 AM Welcome to NC-205 Meeting, Dennis Calvin Local Arrangement Announcements, Pat Porter, Texas A & M; Announcements or Additions to the Agenda; Introductions of any new participants; Approval of 2006 minutes (Toronto, ON); Committee Appointments/Charge, Calvin; Time and Place, Nominating, Status on NC-205 Publications; NCR-327, Chuck Mason, University of Delaware, Newark, DE; Brief Recap of Activities/Influence; Significant communications with stakeholders; Reports on Special Assignments; Noon to 1:30PM, Break for Lunch Tom Sappington, Presentation on ECB Movement Studies, State Reports, by objective Friday, February 2, 2007 8:00 AM Continue State Reports; Develop Impact Statements for Federal Report; Committee reports: Time and Place, Nominating Adjourn at Noon Summary of Minutes: Announcements Tom Hunt invited paper submissions to a Corn and Soybean IPM Forum to be held at the NCB-ESA 2007 Annual Meeting in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Memories of Randy Higgins, who passed away during 2006, were shared followed by a silent moment for reflection. It was noted that Randy was a good friend, long time NC-205 member, and past NC-205 chair who guided the committee with a calm and steady hand during the initial years of Bt transgenic corn and IRM development. Randy had a significant impact on numerous individuals in the room. Calvin asked the attendees to introduce themselves. Administrative Report & Discussion Administrative Advisor Steve Pueppke could not attend, so Dennis Calvin summarized the report that Pueppke gave at the NCC-46/NC-205 joint meeting. Discussion focused on budget issues surrounding the freezing of Special Projects and the impact it will have on various states. It was noted that dollars would eventually be rolled into Hatch and Smith Lever on a competitive basis. Portions of the CREATE 21 proposal were explained (a project of the Board on Agriculture Assembly of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges). Ag Secretary Johanns Ag report, its focus on bioenergy and biobased energy research, and opportunities for NC-205 were discussed. Charles Mason suggested we put energy on the agenda. Dennis Calvin encouraged all to consider the NRI program, particularly the integrated programs, for collaborative research possibilities. Tom Hunt noted that several NRI programs that were arthropod-related were not yet integrated programs and that members should lobby that these programs should be made integrated programs. NRI provides an email address in the RFP for this type of comment and recommendation. Larry Buschman made a presentation on the possibility of having IRM without refuge by pyramiding oviposition deterrent genes with hi-dose toxin genes (e.g. Bt), suggesting this would be a more stable strategy than current IRM. Special Assignment Reports Tom Sappington reported on an SAP for BollGard II cotton. Specifically, the SAP examined an the natural refuge of non-cotton hosts for Monsanto Bollgard II Cotton and the possibility of changing refuge requirements. Rick Hellmich reported that EPA held a meeting in Corvalis that discussed research directions with respect to monitoring and environmental impacts of Bt crops and effects on Agriculture. Dave Andow reported on discussions of the World Bank initiated International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development. Andow is part of a North American writing team that is part of the assessment process. Projections indicate that crop subsidies with diminish and agricultural science will continue to be de-funded as dollars are more widely dispersed. Subsidies will likely continue in other ways, such as being associated with environmental concerns. The beneficial effects of agriculture on the environment and society will be the focus. NC-205 can prepare for the future by looking outside of the traditional Ag colleges for membership. Innovations in Ag are seen to be moving more toward Industry. India and China will be the big forces in Ag in the future. NCR327 Publication Charles Mason led a discussion on the revision of the NCR237 Publication on European corn borer biology and management. A timeline was set for section leaders. Mason will send a reminder on about March 15 stating that sections are due to him on May 1. A draft will be sent to the committee members on August 1 for review. Pat Porter is the electronic version lead, and he reminded writers to consider enhanced electronic delivery as we write our sections (e.g. video graphics, flash animation). He also asked to substitute Christian Nansen in his place as section leader. Additional Topics The committee has elected to move toward an electronic-only format for state reports. Calvin, Hunt, and Porter will develop a format. It should be a single file, plain text document. Publications should be pdf. The final version will be a pdf produced by, possibly, Calvin or Hellmich. Needed sections are general report text by objective, impacts, accomplishments/outputs/outcomes, publications. Ethanol has become an extremely important factor in current cropping systems and will impact agriculture in many ways, including the amount of corn acreage, crop pests ecologies/abundance, natural enemy ecologies/abundance, residue removal, pest EILs and ETs, hybrid development, quality requirements, storage, planting dates, harvest dates, mycotoxins, and other issues which will necessarily involve NC-205 members and fall under current and future NC-205 objectives. Approval of 2006 Minutes The 2006 minutes were amended to correct spelling errors. Dave Buntin motioned to accept with changes, Charles Mason seconded the motion, and the motion passed. State Reports & Discussion, by Objective Research, extension, and outreach reports were presented by state representatives to NC-205. Discussion ranged over a variety of NC-205 objective-related topics. Friday, February 2, 2007 Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:00 a.m. Committee secretary, Tom Hunt, took minutes. Continuation of State Reports & Discussion, Objective 2 Objective-related reports and discussion continued. Time and Place Committee Report The 2008 meeting was suggested to occur on January 28, 1:00 pm through January 29, 5:00 pm in St. Louis, MO. Pyramided genes were suggested as a topic for the joint NC-205/NCC 46 meeting and it was suggested that cotton and Heliothus researchers be invited. Charles Mason motioned to accept the time and place and joint meeting suggestions, Janet Knodel seconded, and the motion was carried. Nominating Committee Report The committee recommended retaining the current officers (Calvin as chair, Hunt as secretary). Charles Mason motioned to retain the officers, Dave Buntin seconded, and the motion was carried. Continuation of State Reports & Discussion, Objective 2 Objective-related reports and discussion continued. 11:00 Adjourn 2007 NC-205 Annual Meeting

Accomplishments

A Bt corn hybrid evaluation tool is completed and now available for all North American corn growers to use to estimate the value of Bt corn for their specific environment and agronomic conditions. Bt resistance has been identified for sugarcane borer via the F2 screen. Sugarcane borer has been identified as an important pest of corn in Louisiana and Texas. Results from a study on European corn borers at the University of Delaware indicate that 50% of the males in a field population are capable of flying more than one-half mile, providing evidence that the EPA requirement for refuge corn plantings to be within one-half mile is an appropriate distance for prevention of insect resistance to BT corn. Numerous peer-reviewed journal publications, extension publications, published abstracts, proceedings, and various electronic media were published by NC-205 members.

Impacts

  1. As a result of IRM educational programs, a large majority of farmers that grow Bt transgenic corn hybrids are aware of the IRM plans. An independent survey indicated that in 2000 over 90% of farmers growing Bt corn in the Midwest believed that IRM plans for ECB resistant Bt corn are important and had planted refuge acres associated with their Bt corn. Of the two main IRM requirements, refuge size and placement, 87% and 80% of the farmers were compliant, respectively.
  2. An independent survey indicated that in Nebraska approximately 2.6 million acres of Bt corn were associated with refuge and of that, approximately 2 million acres were associated with fully compliant refuge acres. This high level of IRM implementation will help insure the continued effectiveness of Bt transgenic corn hybrids and preserve an important ECB management tool well into the future.
  3. A USDA Risk Abatement and Mitigation Program funded survey conducted in 2005 to assess corn grower attitudes and practices associated with Insect Resistance Management indicated that over 95% of Bt corn growers in areas of high Bt corn production planted refuge, and of those that believe ECB can become resistant to Bt in Bt corn, over 75 % believe resistance management practices will slow the development of resistance.
  4. Information generated by NC-205 member conducted insecticide and transgenic hybrid efficacy trials and their educational efforts help growers make sound economical and environmental pest management decisions.
  5. The methodologies/models developed and used by the NC-205 committee to develop and assess insect resistance management (IRM) for Bt transgenic corn has had worldwide impact. This is evidenced by 1) the invited participation of many of its members in IRM development and assessment activities in countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America, and 2) the attendance of agricultural regulatory agency representatives from countries such as the Philippines to NC-205 annual meetings, specifically to discuss their countrys development of effective IRM.
  6. NC-205 has been very active in providing content to IRM educational programs across North America, and has indeed developed, or helped develop, many of them. As a result of these educational programs, IRM for lepidopteran resistant Bt trangenic corn has become an accepted an integral part of Bt corn production in North American. This is further evidenced by recent innovations in the Agricultural Implement Industry. John Deere now offers a Refuge Plus option for all Central Commodity System (CCS) planters. A third tank has been added to CCS planter. This allows the grower to plant two different seed varieties at the same time. Refuge Plus is advertised as the solution for refuge management compliance issues associated with Bt corn production.
  7. Evidence from a series of mark-release and laboratory flight mill studies suggest that the European corn borer adults undergo an obligatory dispersal flight away from the natal field the first night after emergence from the pupa. These findings will substantially affect predictions of Bt resistance and contribute to the assessment and development of future IRM for Bt corn.

Publications

Andow, D.A., P.A.V. Barroso, E.M.G. Fontes, M.F. Grossi-de-Sa, A. Hilbeck and G. P. Fitt. 2006. Improving the scientific basis for environmental risk assessment through the case study of Bt cotton in Brazil, pp. 1-20. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Andow, D. A., A. N. E. Birch, A. N. Dusi, E. M. G. Fontes, A. Hilbeck, A. Lang, G. L. Lövei, C. S. S. Pires, E. R. Sujii, E. Underwood and R. E. Wheatley. 2006. Non-target and biodiversity risk assessment for genetically modified (GM) crops. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms, pp. 68-73. Rural Development Administration (Korea), Jeju, Korea. Andow, D.A., E.M.G. Fontes, A. Hilbeck, J. Johnston, D.M.F. Capalbo, K.C. Nelson, E. Underwood, G.P. Fitt, E.R. Sujii, S. Arpaia, A.N.E. Birch, A. Pallini and R. Wheatley. 2006. Supporting risk assessment of Bt cotton in Brazil: Synthesis and recommendations. Pp. 346-361. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Andow, D. A., G. L. Lövei and S. Arpaia. 2006. Ecological risk assessment for Bt crops. Nature Biotechnology 24: 749-751. Andow, D.A and C. Zwahlen. 2006. Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants. Ecology Letters 9: 196-214. Buschman, L., H. Davis, R. Currie and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of Miticides applied at Tassel Stage for control of spider mites in corn, 2005. In SWREC SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 70-74. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961SM_T.pdf Buschman, L., H. Davis, R. Currie and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of Miticides applied Post Tassel for control of spider mites in corn, 2005. In SWREC SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 75-79. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961SM_PT.pdf Buschman, L. and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of VIP & Cry1Ab event corn hybrids for the control of Southwestern corn borer and Corn Earworm. In SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 61-64. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961Vip.pdf Coates, B.S., R. L. Hellmich, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. Sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cDNAs from the midgut of Ostrinia nubilalis: Methods for allelic differentiation of candidate Bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. Insect Mol. Biol. 15(1) 13-24. Coates, B.S., D.V. Sumerford, R.L. Hellmich, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. A ²-1,3-galactosyltransferase and brainiac/bre5 homolog expressed in the midgut did not contribute to a Cry1Ab toxin resistance trait in Ostrinia nubilalis. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. Echtenkamp, Gerald, W., and Thomas E. Hunt. 2006. Control of European corn borer in whorl stage corn, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests, 31. Echtenkamp, Gerald, W., and Thomas E. Hunt. 2006. Control of second generation European corn borer, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests, 31. Faria, M., J. G. Lundgren, E. Fontes, D. A. Andow, O. A. Fernandes, F. Schmidt and Nguyen V. T. 2006. Assessing the effects of Bt cotton on generalist arthropod predators, pp. 175-199. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Fitt, G.P., C. Omoto, A.H. Maia, J.M. Waquil, M. Caprio, T. Dennehy, M. Okech, Z.A. Ramiro, E. Cia, H.H. Nguyen and D.A. Andow. 2006. Resistance risks of Bt cotton and their management in Brazil, pp. 300-345. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Hellmich, R.L. 2006. European corn borers: A diminished insect threat from now on? Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference: 2006 Proceedings. University of Illinois Extension. Pp. 62-64. Hellmich, R.L., D.D. Calvin, J.M. Russo, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. Integration of Bt maize in IPM systems: U.S. perspective. Proceedings Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Davos, Switzerland, pp. 356-361. Hellmich, R.L., J.R. Prasifka,, J.D. Wolt, M.K. Sears. 2006. A framework for evaluating possible non-target effects of transgenic corn in the United States: Standardizing laboratory tests. GMOs in Integrated Plant Production, OIBC/WPRS Bulletin 29(5). pp 73-77. Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow, S. Arpaia, A.N.E. Birch, E.M.G. Fontes, G. Lövei, E. Sujii, R. Wheatley and E. Underwood. 2006. Methodology to support non-target and biodiversity risk assessment, pp. 108-132. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Hunt, T. E., R. L. Hellmich, D. D. Calvin, T. W. Sappington, K. Copenhaver, J. A. Glaser. 2006. Possible role of remote sensing for transgenic crop monitoring. Resumos XXI Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia, 1221-1, Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, Recife, Brazil. Hunt, T. E., and G. W. Echtenkamp. 2006. Resistance management for European corn borer and Bt transgenic corn: refuge design and placement. NebGuide G1668, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Lee, J. C., D. A. Andow and G. E. Heimpel. 2006. Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics in the field. Ecological Entomology 31: 470-480. Lodge, D. M., S. Williams, H. MacIsaac, K. Hayes, B. Leung, L. Loope, S. Reichard, R. N. Mack, P. B. Moyle, M. Smith, D. A. Andow, J. T. Carlton and A. McMichael. 2006. Biological Invasions: Recommendations for U.S. Policy and Management. Ecological Applications 16: 2035-2054. Olson, D. M. and D. A. Andow. 2006. Walking pattern of Trichogramma nubilale Ertle & Davis (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae) on various surfaces. Biological Control 39:329-335. Onstad, D.W., L.L. Buschman. 2006. Evaluation of oviposition deterrence in the management of resistance to transgenic corn by European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 99(6): 2100-2109. Prasifka, J.R., M.D. Lopez, R.L. Hellmich, L.C. Lewis, and G.P. Dively. 2006. Comparison of pitfall traps and litter bags for sampling ground-dwelling arthropods. Journal of Applied Entomology. (Accepted, in press). Prasifka, J.r., N.P. Schmidt, K.A. Kohler, M.E. ONeal, R.L. Hellmich, and J.W. Singer. 2006. Effects of living mulches on predator abundance and predation on sentinel prey in a corn  soybean  forage rotation. Environmental Entomology 34: 1423-1431. Prasifka, J.R., D.V. Sumerford, R.L. Hellmich, L.C. Lewis, and D.D. Calvin. 2006. Sampling European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae from seed corn drying bins for Bt resistance monitoring. Southwestern Entomologist 31: 269-279. Qureshi, J.A., L.L. Buschman, J.E. Throne and S.B. Ramaswamy. 2006. Dispersal of adult Diatraea grandiosells (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its implications for resistance management in Bt-maize. Annals ESA. 99(2):279-291. Siegfried, B. D., T. Spencer, A. Crespo, and P. Marçon. 2006. Ten years of Bt resistance monitoring in the European corn borer: what we know, what we dont know, and what we can do better. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms 2006. Siqueira, H. A. A., J. González-Cabrera, J. Ferré, R. Flannagan, and B. D. Siegfried. 2006. Cry1ab binding analyses in resistant and susceptible strains of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 5318-5324. Stodola, T. J., D. A. Andow, A. R. Hyden, J. L. Hinton, J. J. Roark, L. L. Buschman, P. Porter and G. B. Cronholm. 2006. Frequency of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab in southern US Corn Belt population of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 502-507. Vilarinho, E. C., O. A. Fernandes, C. Omoto, T. E. Hunt. 2006. Oil-Soluble Dyes for Marking Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 99:2110-2115. Wenes, A.-L., D. Bourguet, D.A. Andow, C. Courtin, G. Carré, P. Lorme, L. Sanchez and S. Augustin. 2006. Frequency and fitness cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Heredity 97: 127-134. White, J. A. and D. A. Andow. 2006. Habitat modification contributes to associational resistance between herbivores. Oecologia 148: 482-490. Wright, R. W, T. E. Hunt, K. Jarvi. 2006. Common stalk borer in corn. NebGuide G521, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
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