Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Annual Meeting of the W1192 Regional Project JANUARY 8TH At 1:10pm Tex Taylor convened the meeting and thanked Allen Torell for setting up the meeting accomodations. Administrative Advisor Report Don Snyder gave his administrative report: Fen Hunt apologized for not being able to make it to this meeting. WCC55/WERA55 is pending approval and all the Appendix E that are not turned in need to be completed ASAP. This needs to be finalized by 1/15/07. Also, the special grant federal dollars are changing and all going back to zero for this year, which could affect subsequent years of funding. We should not count on the continuing resolution Congress is passing to carry this forward the same as it has in the past. The minutes were approved electronically during the past year. State Reports (see full state reports below) " Nevada  Tom Harris reported on activities for the state of Nevada. US Forest Service is redoing some EIS work in relation to social accounting models and wanting to apply a linear programming model to this as well. In Elko County, they are also trying to assess the economic impact of rangeland fires as well. This may also relate to the multiperiod analysis others in the group have worked with to calculate the probability of going out of business which is a useful application. " Idaho  Rimbey & Torell continue to work on the ranch values model in Arizona , New Mexico, and other areas in the West. Rimbey and Wulfhorst have a project start related to an RMP in Owyhee County re: rangeland management. Rimbey and Wulfhorst also collaborated on a new proposed project (Breaking Into Jail) related to local-food systems in the Treasure Valley. Related to the A to Z Retained Ownership, Inc. project Rimbey has worked on, the packing plant south of Boise closed and the Board of Directors are reassessing shipping & pricing the cattle. Wulfhorst has begun coordinating with the Idaho Rangelands Resource Commission for a 2007 assessment project and Rimbey cooperated w/ Pat Clark for an NRI submission re: impacts of wolves and how theyre changing livestock distribution and changes of ranch values related to losses. " New Mexico  Torell reported more detail on the ranch values research and how the economic factors work with this. The breakout of effects, when amenity values started occurring more in the 1960s/70s. Using the LP model to expand it to include forage production  to see how to optimally adjust to this. " Oregon  Tanaka explained linkages to a sustainable rural community initiative at OSU and new related faculty that may someday be involved with the project. As part of the Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable, the group that proposed the indicators is testing those in a pilot project in central Oregon being conducted by the federal agencies. Some of the agency personnel are planning to collect data on the socio-economic in relation to the land/owner fragmentation occurring within that region. This also connects to one of the components of the Joint Fire Science Tanaka/Rimbey are working on. " Colorado  Seidl is 100% Extension, and his time runs across several projects related to community, natural resources, and economic impacts. Theyre focusing on the local public good aspects of ranching, i.e., in Routt Co., re: residents and tourists values are for the landscape. Trying to determine the working landscape aspects that relate to the local economy. Theyre also collaborating w/ R. Coupal re: fiscal impacts of 35 ac development and cost of community services. Dawn Thilmany is working on community food systems research. Theyre also working on a project with the State Land Board re: market values and transfer of the land. " Wyoming  Foulke & Taylor reported on an ATV survey, and a Random-digit-dial survey of the general population to understand prevalence of ATV use. Another project is trying to assess exurban landownership. Another project is working on how PILT $ are generated for the counties. Two Forest Revision Plans will try to take into account local affects on the social and economic landscape, but the oil & gas development impacts are significant on many of these. " Utah  Snyder reported that hes converting the LP model hes used, and have worked with some of the precipitation data to run some additional analyses. Social Science Assessment with the BLM Tanaka reported more on the Social Science Capabilities Assessment w/ the BLM. The Washington D.C. office is concerned about the significant decrease in the number of social scientists and are wanting an assessment of how to address these gaps. The effort includes interviews of the current social scientists, an Internet survey of agency managers, and interviews with RAC representatives. At the end of the study, they will create a business plan for action about hiring more social scientists or outsourcing these tasks. New Proposal Discussion Tanaka explained one of the intents of the renewal was to try to involve more people from the ecological disciplines, but no one from that perspective is in attendance now. There was discussion about trying to piecemeal smaller projects together that become a regional focus in aggregate or whether the team ought to move toward writing larger coordinated grants at the national level. One of the interim activities will be collection of preliminary data on different indicators (i.e., from NASS). Torell will visit with Rhonda Skaggs to see if she has a template structure built for assimilating trying to collect some of this information. One of the ideas was to start tracking a combination of land-use change, size of ranch operation, socio-demographic change, and what criteria define range counties vs. amenity counties to understand where some of the range is most concentrated. These patterns are affected more & more by off-farm income, diversity of ranch size and how values get aggregated, the need to disaggregate dairy from beef cows. One aspect would be the vegetation layer in order to track the % of range within a county area, and then try to assess the rate of fragmentation and its proximity to different SMAs that are also in flux. The group suggested some possible survey questions for the IRRC study in Idaho: 1) Whats driving the landscape change and fragmentation (demographics, BLM change in mgt, etc)? 2) Do you see this fragmentation as a problem? 3) Does the fragmentation impact access for you to x, y, z? The meeting adjourned at 4:30pm. JANUARY 9TH The meeting reconvened at 9:00am, A discussion was held about election of officers and the 2008 annual meeting. One option being considered is to meet in conjunction with the Western Regional Science Association (WRSA) meeting in February 2008. At the election of officers, it was unanimously decided that Tex Taylor will serve as chair until the 2008 meeting, Wulfhorst will serve as Chair-elect, and Harris will serve as secretary. At that point, according to the proposal, each incumbent will move up one position (Wulfhorst to Chair and Harris to Chair-elect) even though Wulfhorst will be on sabbatical and may not be able to attend; a new secretary will be elected. Harris, Taylor, and Rimbey will be in charge of organizing a symposium in conjunction with the WRSA or related meeting. Discussion was held to continue coordination about moving forward on the project objectives. Based on the outline of activities created yesterday, we need to begin communicating with one another We had a teleconference call with Rhonda Skaggs about building a strategy for accessing some of the ARMS and NASS data. She mentioned that theres not much data (i.e., cow/calf information) that would correlate to the land-base information. She does think the NAHMS data has some potential w/ over data from over 2,700 cow/calf producers and about 27 states. Right now, its unclear whether this data can be broken out at the state level. Another project she is following up on relates to the ARS/Jornada Experiment Station to be reviewing data of the human dimension information linked to specific allotments. We need to pay attention to the fact that those in the ranching industry is NOT monolithic as a demographic, because different producers have different goals (lifestyle, production, etc). A discussion followed that focused on animal-ID and feed-market issues and how these relate to the imperfections of available data. The meeting adjourned at 10:40am.

Outline of Activities for 2007-2008 Objective 1  Determine the level, trends, and effects of land fragmentation at the state level " H1: Do the levels of land fragmentation differ among and within states by land ownership. o Torell-lead, Skaggs, Foulke, Rimbey, Godfrey, and Tanaka, and McCollum (Neil Wilkins @ Texas A&M, and Dave Theobald @ CSU  will be contacted for potential coordination re: methodology, etc.) " H2: Rangeland buyers can be categorized as to the reason they purchase rangeland. (Evaluate new rangeland sales and purposes/reasons for purchase  categorize the buyers.) o Torell, Rimbey-lead, McCollum, H. Gosnell (OSU) " H3: What types of legal and policy conflicts arise due to the fragmentation of land ownership and what strategies are available to resolve these problems? o delay this for now until we have legal expertise to rewrite this and concentrate on different institutions (tax, zoning, etc) by state (and/or county where it exists) Objective 2  Determine the relationship of level of land fragmentation with ecological factors " H1: the presence of invasive species is not affected by the level of land fragmentation o This hypothesis is not being covered at this at this time " H2: the severity of wildfire is not affected by the level of land fragmentation o (Tanaka-lead, Harris, Rimbey, Steve Davies) from the JFS/Great Basin/Sage Steppe Objective 3  Determine the relationship of level of land fragmentation with economic factors " H1: Measuring the fiscal impacts on local governments and school districts in the Western United State from land fragmentation resulting from conversion of ranchland to rural residential development. o R. Coupal, Taylor-lead, Seidl " H2: Are the distributional impacts of alternative public land management policies and land fragmentation similar for all entities in a regional economy? o Taylor, Harris-lead " H3: Are emerging institutional arrangements for conserving working landscapes reasonable forms of public investment and how are they affected by fragmented landownership and diverse public and private values? o Seidl-lead, Huntsinger Objective 4  Determine the relationship of level of land fragmentation with social factors " H1: Social cohesion, community identity, and perceptions of well-being become increasingly threatened at individual and community levels as a function of landscape fragmentation, land-ownership diversification, and instability in the agricultural sectors. o Wulfhorst-lead, Huntsinger " H2: Bases for decision-making may often rest on social, cultural, and sets of related factors that reveal complex choices about economic and ecological tradeoffs. o Huntsinger, Wulfhorst-lead Objective 5  To integrate an analysis of the social, economic, and ecological issues related to land fragmentation " H1: Social, economic, and ecological aspects of land fragmentation can be combined into an assessment of rangeland sustainability. o Tanaka & Torell lead, but all involved We expect that this project will lead to economic, social, and ecological impact analysis that will be useful to local, regional, and national policy makers. Local, state, and regional decision-makers will be able to use the information as they contemplate various policies to address rangeland fragmentation and its interaction with issues such as wildland fire, invasive species management, and wildlife habitat. As policies are designed to address those issues, alternatives that fit with the different types of landowners in a fragmented landscape will be critical. The information derived from this project will aid in the development of viable alternatives.

Colorado State Report for W1192, January 2007 Fact sheets/papers for outreach audiences 1) Willingness-to-pay for prescribed fire in the Colorado (USA) wildland urban interface. 2006.University of Waikato Economics Working Paper Series, #0613. October 2006. P. Kaval, J. Loomis, and A. Seidl. ftp://mngt.waikato.ac.nz/RePEc/wai/econwp/0613.pdf 2) Tourists value of Routt Countys Working Landscape, 2005: Summary report. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University. May 2006. EDR 06-07. L. Ellingson, A. Seidl, C.J. Mucklow. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev 3) Tourists value of Routt Countys Working Landscape, 2005. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University. May 2006. EDR 06-06. L. Ellingson, A. Seidl, C.J. Mucklow. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev 4) A lodging tax for Custer County? Issues and answers. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University.May 2006. EDR 06-05. A. Seidl, M. Sullins and S. Cline. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev 5) Economic impact of the livestock industry in Gunnison County, Colorado. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University. May 2006. EDR 06-04. O. Tadjion and A. Seidl. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev 6) Assessing the total economic value of ranching in mountain communities: An overview. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University. May 2006. EDR 06-03. A. Seidl. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev 7) A lodging tax for Huerfano County? Issues and answers. 2006. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University.May 2006. EDR 06-02. A. Seidl, M. Sullins and S. Cline. http://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/extension/pubstools.htm#EconDev Outreach presentations 1) Market value and economic valuation of cattle ranching in Gunnison County, Colorado. 2006. Gunnison Legacy Trust Board Meeting. Gunnison, CO, December 1, 2006. (6 people) 2) Colorado producers preferences for federal farm policy. 2006. Keeping the ag in agriculture in NW Colorado: A forum. Steamboat, Colorado. October 20, 2006.(65 people) (Mucklow) 3) Natural resource based rural community development: Issues and approaches. 2006. CSU CE Fall Forum. Fort Collins, CO, September 25, 2006. Seidl, A. (10 people). 4) A lodging tax for Huerfano County? Results of an inquiry. 2006. Huerfano County Tourism Council, Lathrop State Park, Colorado, June 1, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., Cline, S. (10 people). 5) A lodging tax for Huerfano County? Results of an inquiry. 2006. Huerfano County Coalition, Walsenberg, Colorado, June 1, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., Cline, S. (35 people). 6) A lodging tax for Custer County? Results of an inquiry. 2006. Westcliffe, Colorado, June 1, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., Cline, S. (25 people) 7) Natural resource based economic development in the Intermountain West. 2006. Western Community Vitality Initiative, Salt Lake City, UT. May 25, 2006. http://extension.usu.edu/wrdc/Files/pdf/WCVI%202006/NR%20Based%20Economic%20Development%20-%20Seidl.pdf (presentation provided by meeting organizers). 8) Value of Routt County ranch open space to summer tourists. 2006. Routt County Economic Summit. Steamboat, Colorado. May 25, 2006. L. Ellingson, A. Seidl and C.J. Mucklow. (Ellingson) (70 people) 9) The use and implications of a lodging tax in Huerfano County, Colorado: Preliminary results. 2006. Walsenberg, Colorado, April 24, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., and Cline, S., and S. Davies. (20 people) 10) The use and implications of a lodging tax in Custer County, Colorado: Preliminary results. 2006. Westcliffe, Colorado, April 23, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., and Cline, S., and S. Davies. (15 people) 11) Custer County lodging tax study. 2006. Westcliffe, Colorado, February 23, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., and Cline, S. and S. Davies. (15 people) 12) Huerfano County lodging tax study. 2006. Walsenberg, Colorado, February 24, 2006. Seidl, A., Sullins, M., and Cline, S., and S. Davies. (23 people) 13) Socioeconomic analysis of BLM land use policy in the Little Snake Resource Management Area. 2006. Craig, Colorado, February, 1, 2006. Davies, S., Seidl, A., and J. Loomis. (20 people) Journal articles and book chapters: The role of ethnicity and language in contingent valuation analysis: A fire prevention policy application. 2006. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 65:3: 559-586, July 2006. Loomis, J.B., Ellingson, L.J., Gonzales Caban, A, and A. Seidl. Willingness-to-pay for prescribed fire in the Colorado (USA) wildland urban interface. 2007. Forest Policy and Economics. P. Kaval, J. Loomis, and A. Seidl. Forthcoming. Alternate valuation strategies for public open space purchases: Stated versus market evidence. 2006. Economics and Contemporary Land Use Policy: Development and Conservation at the Rural-Urban Fringe. R.J. Johnston and S.K. Swallow, eds. Chapter 9, Pp 183-202. Resources for the Future, Mass. Loomis, J., Seidl, A., Rollins, K., and V. Rameker. The role of ethnicity and language in contingent valuation analysis: A fire prevention policy application. 2006. Natural Resources, Taxation and Regulation: Unusual perspectives on a classic topic. Laurence S. Moss, ed. Blackwell Publications. Pp-87-114. (reprinted from American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 65:3: 559-586, July 2006). Loomis, J.B., Ellingson, L.J., Gonzales Caban, A, and A. Seidl. Winter tourism and land development in Gunnison County, Colorado. 2006. Mountain resort planning and development in an era of globalization. Clark, T., Gill, A., and R. Hartmann, eds. Chapter 8, pp 91-107. Cognizant Communications Corporation. Orens, A., Seidl, A. and S. Weiler. Contributed paper presentation: Colorado producers preferences for the 2007 Farm Bill. 2006. Annual meeting of the Soil and Water Conservation Society. Keystone, Colorado, July 26, 2006. Pritchett, J., Seidl, A., and W. Umberger. Proceedings abstract: Colorado producers preferences for the 2007Farm Bill. 2006. Proceedings abstract. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, May-June, 2006. Pritchett, J., Seidl, A., and W. Umberger. Wyoming State Report January 8-9, 2007, Albuquerque, NM 1. A comprehensive survey of off-road vehicle use in Wyoming This study was completed for the Wyoming State Trails Program (a unit of the State of Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources). The study used a survey of 1,900 ORV users in Wyoming (resident and non-resident) to estimate numbers, location and frequency of use, and economic impact of ORVs. Most of this use occurs on Federally managed land in Wyoming, primarily U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. This was a first of its kind study for Wyoming that will help the state better understand, plan for and manage ORVs. 2. Wyomings exurban landowners survey Two survey instruments was used: 1) to gain an understanding of the values, goals, and knowledge that exurban landowners within Wyoming hold regarding land management and 2) to deduce how natural resource advisors (CES, NRCS, Conservation Districts, Weed & Pest, and State Forestry) view exurban landowners. The surveys was sent to 4,800 exurban landowners in six Wyoming counties and all natural resource advisors in the state. Results from the two surveys will be used to identify the needs of exurban landowners and to expand programs to help exurban landowners manage their land. 3. PILT fact sheets. Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) are an important source of revenue from the Federal government for county government in Wyoming. To assist in the understanding of these payments a set of fact sheets have been developed annually for the last eight years. These fact sheets summarized the PILT calculations for each county in Wyoming. 4. Economic analysis for the revised forest plan for the Shoshone National Forest. Members of the group have begun working on an economic analysis for the Shoshone National Forest. This information will be used in the development of a revised management plan for the Forest. This project is being funded by the Governors State Planning Office. 5. Economic analysis for the revised forest plan for the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Similarly, work has just started on an economic analysis for the Bridger-Teton National Forest. This information will be used in the development of a revised management plan for the Forest. This project is proving to be more challenging due to gas development in a more environmentally sensitive area. This project is also being funded by the Governors State Planning Office. 6. Bureau of Land Management " An economic impact analysis was completed for the BLMs Moxa Arch EIS in southwestern Wyoming. This information will be used in developing the management plan for the Moxa Arch natural gas field. " An economic impact analysis was completed for the supplement EIS for the Pinedale Anticline Production Area in Western Wyoming. This information will be used in developing drilling decisions in this large gas field. " An economic impact analysis is ongoing for the BLMs Hiawatha EIS in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado. This information will be used in developing the management plan for the Hiawatha natural gas field. " Advisory Committee  Cumulative Social and Economic Effects, Powder River Basin Coal Review. " Along with faculty from four other land grant institutions in the West, members of the group are working on a national assessment of the BLMs capacity to use social and economic analysis in the their planning efforts. This initiative involves several members of the W-1192 Regional Research Project and is being funded by the BLM. 7. Bighorn National Recreation Area An economic analysis of the impacts of the Bighorn National Recreation Area on Big Horn County was developed at the request of local officials in Big Horn County. The analysis has been used by Big Horn County and Representative Cubin in discussions with the Bureau of Reclamation and the State of Montana regarding the management of Yellowtail Dam. 8. Colorado oil and gas study Economic impact and fiscal analysis of the oil and gas industry in Colorado for the Colorado School of Mines Colorado Energy Research Institute. 9. Publications Publications in support of Objective 1: Foulke, Thomas, Roger H. Coupal, and David T. Taylor. Status of Agricultural Land in Wyoming. The Western Regional Science Association Forty-Fifth Annual Meetings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, February 22-25, 2006. Publications in support of Objective 3: Foulke, Thomas, Desiree Olson, David T. Taylor, Chris T. Bastian and Roger H. Coupal. A Survey and Economic Assessment of Off-Road Vehicle Use in Wyoming. For the Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources, Division of State Parks and Historic Sites, State Trails Program. July 2006. Foulke, Thomas, Roger H. Coupal and David T. Taylor. 2006 Payment in Lieu of Taxes to Wyoming Counties. University of Wyoming College of Agriculture. In review, November, 2006. Foulke, Thomas and David T. Taylor. Getting a Handle on ORVs. Reflections. University of Wyoming College of Agriculture. In Review. December, 2006. Retzlaff, Michael and David T. Taylor. Assessing National Forest Recreation Estimates Using Tourism and IMPLAN. Mid-Continent Regional Science Association 37th Annual Conference and IMPLAN National Users 6th Biennial Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 8  June10, 2006. Tanaka, John A., Neil R. Rimbey, L. Allen Torell, David Tex Taylor, Derek Bailey, Timothy DelCurto, Kenric Walbureger, and Bob Welling. Grazing Distributions: The Quest for the Silver Bullet. Accepted in Rangelands, November 2006. Taylor, David T.. The Importance of Federal Livestock Grazing in Wyoming. For the Wyoming Department of Agricultures National Ag Week News Release, March 2006. New Mexico January 2007 L. Allen Torell Rhonda Skaggs Publications Tanaka, J.A., L.A. Torell, and N.R. Rimbey. 2005. Who Are These Public Land Ranchers and Why Are They Out There?. The Western Economics Forum. 4(2):14-20. Available online at http://waeaonline.org/. Torell, L.A., O.A. Ramirez, Neil R. Rimbey, and Daniel W. McCollum. 2005. Income Earning Potential versus Consumptive Amenities in Determining Ranchland Values. J. Agr. Resource Econ. 30(3):537-560. Torell, L.A., N.R. Rimbey, and J.A. Tanaka. 2006. On Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. In: Proceedings, 2006 WAEA Annual Meeting, Anchorage, AK. Available online at http://agecon.uwyo.edu/waea/2006AssnMtg/Proceedings/Torell_IB.pdf. Accepted for Publication Rimbey, N.R., L.A. Torell and J.A. Tanaka. 2006. Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. J. Agr. Resource Econ. (In Press and scheduled for April Issue). Tanaka, J.A., N.R. Rimbey, L.A. Torell, T. DelCurto, D. Bailey, K. Walburger, D. Taylor, and B. Welling. 2006. Grazing Distribution: The Quest for the Silver Bullet. Rangelands. Presentations Rimbey, N., J.A. Tanaka and L.A. Torell. 2005. New Twists on Rangeland Economics. Presented at Sustainable Rangeland Management- On the Cutting Edge! A Western Regional Workshop sponsored by the University of Idaho and Western SARE, Boise, ID. Nov. 7- 9. Torell, L.A., N.R. Rimbey, and J.A. Tanaka. 2006. On Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. 2006 WAEA Annual Meeting, Anchorage, AK, Selected Paper. June 29. Presenter. Torell, L.A. and N.R. Rimbey. 2006. Factors Affecting the Market Value of New Mexico Ranches. Poster Presentation, 2006 Annual Society for Range Management Meetings, Vancouver, BC, February. Presenter. Rimbey, N.R. and L.A. Torell. 2006. Factors Affecting the Market Value of Ranches in the Great Basin. Poster Presentation, 2006 Annual Society for Range Management Meetings, Vancouver, BC, February. Rimbey, N.R. and L.A. Torell. 2006. The Economics of Ranching on Public Lands and the GAO Report. National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Federal Lands Committee and Public Lands Council, Denver, CO. Feb. 8. Coauthor. Invited Presentation. Oregon Report John Tanaka Publications Tanaka, J. and K. Maczko. SRR Overview: Goals, Indicators, Model, Ecosystem Services, and Benefits. Paper presented at the 3rd National Conference on Grazing Lands. Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative, St. Louis, Missouri. 2006. Torell, L.A., N.R. Rimbey, and J.A. Tanaka. 2006. On Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. In: Proceedings, 2006 WAEA Annual Meeting, Anchorage, AK. Available online at http://agecon.uwyo.edu/waea/2006AssnMtg/Proceedings/Torell_IB.pdf. Satyal, V., J.A. Tanaka, D. Lach. D.A. Pyke, and P. Doescher. Economic and Non-Economic Impacts of Restoration: A Case Study Analysis of The Great Basin Region. Paper presented at the Western Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Anchorage, Alaska. 2006. 2006 Nevada Report PUBLICATIONS: Technical Bulletin: Alvey, Jonathan, Elizabeth Fadali, and Thomas R. Harris. Analysis of Impacts of Public Land Grazing on the Elko County Economy and Mountain City Management Area: Economic Impacts of Federal Grazing in Elko County, University of Nevada, Reno, University Center for Economic Development Technical Bulletin 2006/07-03, October 2006. 2006 Idaho Report Neil Rimbey and J.D. Wulfhorst Publications Tanaka, J.A., L.A. Torell, and N.R. Rimbey. 2005. Who Are These Public Land Ranchers and Why Are They Out There?. The Western Economics Forum. 4(2):14-20. Available online at http://waeaonline.org/. Torell, L.A., O.A. Ramirez, Neil R. Rimbey, and Daniel W. McCollum. 2005. Income Earning Potential versus Consumptive Amenities in Determining Ranchland Values. J. Agr. Resource Econ. 30(3):537-560. Torell, L.A., N.R. Rimbey, and J.A. Tanaka. 2006. On Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. In: Proceedings, 2006 WAEA Annual Meeting, Anchorage, AK. Available online at http://agecon.uwyo.edu/waea/2006AssnMtg/Proceedings/Torell_IB.pdf. Torell, L.A. and N.R. Rimbey. 2006. Cattle-Fax Beef Price Database and Update Procedures. Western Regional Research Project W-192 and WERA-55, Users Manual and state database files available online at ftp://agesvr1.nmsu.edu/Beef_Prices. Rimbey, N.R., L.A. Torell and J.A. Tanaka. Why Grazing Permits Have Economic Value. J. Agr. Resource Econ. (In Press and scheduled for April, 2007 Issue). Tanaka, J.A., N.R. Rimbey, L.A. Torell, T. DelCurto, D. Bailey, K. Walburger, D. Taylor, and B. Welling. 2006. Grazing Distribution: The Quest for the Silver Bullet. Rangelands. (In press. upcoming issue). Wulfhorst, J.D., N. Rimbey, and T. Darden. 2006. Sharing the Rangelands  Competing for Sense of Place. American Behavioral Scientist. 50(2):166-186.