Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/22/2006] [04/01/2008] [12/09/2008] [07/05/2010] [11/11/1111]

Report Information

Participants

Allen, Patricia University of California Santa Cruz; Teneyck, Toby Michigan State University; McIntosh, Alex Texas A&M Univeristy, Wright Morton, Lois Iowa State University, Smith, Chery University of Minnesota; Wang, CY South Dakota State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Chery Smith, University of Minnesota;
Patricia Allen, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC);
William Alex McIntosh, Texas A & M University;
C.Y. Wang, AA, South Dakota State University;
Raymond Jussaume, Washington State University;
Ardyth Gillespie, Cornell State University;
Philip Howard, Michigan State University;
Gail Feenstra, UC Davis;
Brian Fulfrost, UCSC;
Melanie Du Puis, Sociology, UCSC;
Julie Guthman, UCSC;
Jan Perez, UCSC;
Tim Galarneau, UCSC;
Pierre Stassart,UCSC;
Gwendolyn Keith, UCSC.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Administrative report
C.Y Wang:
Minutes and report due in 60 days after the meeting.
Wants to make sure the group is helpful for the participants.
To join project officially  and if your university does not have an experiment station office, contact C.Y. and hell assist you in getting added to the project
National information and support system on the University of Wisconsin campus
If there is not a land grant/ experiment station on your campus. You need to negotiate with them to get you to be funded to make these meetings.
C.Y. Wang will help Gail find way to get funded to participate in this group. Also noted that these groups were primarily set up regionally, however NC1033 is national  so travel, etc. is a little greater cost to participants.


Decisions by Group for Action  see bold:

1. All members will send to Chery Smith: csmith@umn.edu, all their publications from 2002 to present by January 10th.

2. Group voted to keep current officers for one more year (see above).

3. Group agreed to next meeting in Austin, Texas, November 13-15 to be organized by Alex McIntosh.

4. Group wants to expand to include more members. Gail Feenstra and Brian Fulfrost both have agreed to join and will contact C.Y. to arrange for that.
The group wants to recruit from South and to add researchers working with populations of color, poverty and to balance out representation from all regions of the county. Alex will contact colleagues in nutrition from Prairie View  A & M. Other 1890 schools and centers such as Southern Research Center at North Carolina, Florida State, and Tuskegee University.
Others to contact: Shiriki at Penn State, John Green at Delta State University, Himmelgreen at Florida State, Elsie Lake at University of Sheffield in the U.K.

5. Phil Howard set up a Google group: Food systems and health for uploading articles, papers, editing handbook chapters, uploading members publications and sharing information. Please make sure you received an invitation, then sign up. You just need a Google I.D., which you can create for free. If you did not receive an invitation, contact: howardp@msu.edu and you will get an invitation from: msuphil@gmail.com


6. Members will contribute chapters/sections to a handbook  preliminary title: What is the Food System and Its Relationship to Health? Alex McIntosh will contact Sage Publishing who does handbooks and see if they are interested.

Please submit one page, single spaced abstracts for chapters (see below) to Chery Smith csmith@umn.edu, by February 2008.

" Health meaning both community and individual.
" Handbook audience: graduate students and academic researchers, health professionals, students of public health and food systems.
Sections (sub sections not necessarily in this order):

I. Introduction

II. What is the Food System?
A. Normal (conventional and retail)
B. Safety Net (food shelves, shelters, etc.)
C. Alternative (farmers markets, CSAs, barter trade, hunting, fishing, foraging, dumpster diving, etc.)
D. Urban and rural different
E. History of food system (see History of American Diet by Williamson)
F. Conceptualizing food system

III. What are the unanswered questions and issues around the relationships of health and food systems?
a. Critique of current indicators of obesity
b. Problematizing the obsession with obesity
c. What is Well being? What are the variables that are being left out?
d. Income/poverty relationship to health and well being
e. Asset based health issues
f. Food deserts?

IV. How do we study it and answer these questions? What are the Methods?
A. Quantitative
i. Survey
ii. Dietary intake
iii. GIS
b. Qualitative
i. Focus groups
ii. Interviews
c. Analytical
d. Multiple Methods
e. Engaged Research
f. Asset Based (as done by Ardyth & Cornelia Flora)
Appreciative Inquiry

V. Community solutions and examples
a. Farm to School
b. Farm to Institution
c. Land based approach?

VI. Conclusion

Accomplishments

Members have worked togehter to idea generation in achieving the goals of the project. The following are examples:<br /> <br /> For Objective #1: <br /> <br /> a. Want to address: Health disparities, racism, classism, access and other<br /> b. socioeconomic issues<br /> c. Policy contexts that enable and constraints<br /> d. Looking at 2 variables: Food consumption patterns and obesity<br /> e. What national data? Focus groups for at risk people, <br /> f. Generally how food environments impact health<br /> <br /> <br /> Decision to do some preliminary local focus groups in each members community around national and regional patterns of health: How do people change their consumption patterns?<br /> <br /> A. Look at:<br /> a. qualitative food consumption patterns<br /> b. generational differences<br /> c. How and where to people access foods and what percentage from where?<br /> d. Underground, CSAs, Conventional Retail, Etc.<br /> e. What are you doing for food? <br /> f. What are you eating as healthy food? What are your perceptions of what is healthy food?<br /> g. Where do you get healthy food as opposed to where you get unhealthy food?<br /> h. How do you make your food decisions of what to buy?<br /> i. What are health outcomes of choices and changes?<br /> j. How are people managing?<br /> k. What would make you change your food choices?<br /> l. What are barriers for you in the food system? <br /> m. What changes have you made and why did you change, and what keeps you on track?<br /> n. What do you see as solutions in your own community to help you and others access more healthy foods. <br /> <br /> B. Goal to hold at least X groups in each community with X participants to help build<br /> a national data set of 500. <br /> C. Have set of standardized questions for all regions, and each region can also add a <br /> few of their own local questions. <br /> D. 90 minute focus groups<br /> E. Also take height and weights.<br /> F. Possibility to do longitudinal study with grant funding later.<br /> G. Phil Howard interested in doing study on CSA members, comparing CSA <br /> members and Non members (same socio economic status) in BMI, blood pressure, Decision making processes around food and health. Offering to see if there are benefits to offer to more populations who are currently excluded from CSAs. Collaborate with agencies to offer CSA memberships to low income people. Offer whole picture, food, cooking classes, etc. <br /> H. Possibility of further studies to compare the patterns of food environment, like <br /> Farm to College, Farm to Institution, Farm to School, after school programs, youth <br /> programs, school snack programs  and see what effect they may have.<br /> <br /> <br /> Objectives 2 and 3 - ideas:<br /> <br /> A. Study how retail options (where cash changes hands) within food environments influence food consumption patterns and obesity rates controlling for individual dietary patterns. <br /> B. GIS- how food systems laid out in certain communities<br /> C. Food environment in communities<br /> D. Transportation/spacial issues<br /> E. Price of food in retail market, comparatively in areas different populations live\<br /> F. Prepared v.s. fresh foods available and accessible  and price<br /> G. Temporal permanence of stores v.s. CSAs, Seasonal Farmers markets<br /> H. Collaborate with Health Department in Alameda County Food Bank and Policy and Law Institute  Oakland CA? They have Kellogg Grant  we could do retail overlay with health indicators? <br /> I. GIS Planning assistance to community planners: what is the state of the food environment (happening in Santa Cruz County  Phil Howard and Brian Fulfrost working on that study).<br /> J. Surrogate measures: assessment of community health generationally  looking especially at the enculturation of food values<br /> K. Do GIS overlay on focus groups in counties (that would be part II)<br /> L. Look at interpolators<br /> M. Analytical Literature review  critical analysis and/or identifying certain areas that we dont know anything about.<br /> N. Different perspectives on decision making from different fields(individual, family, ecosystem)<br /> <br /> <br /> The member worked jointly and independently to obtain grant to accomplish the goals in this project:<br /> <br /> The Impact of Acculturation on Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index among Hmong Children. Smith C. MAES/CHE administrative fund. $90,000. 10/07-9/09 <br /> <br /> Assessment of shopping behavior among urban homeless, urban and rural low-income Minnesotans. Smith C., $55,000. 10/06-9/07 <br /> <br /> Resolving the Social Factors Influencing Variable Compliance and Risk <br /> Communication in Foreign Animal Disease Defense Programs. CSREES <br /> ($362,990). A. McIntosh as lead PI. <br /> <br /> School-Based Obesity Project. A project that is part of a center grant from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIH). ($6,381,487). A. McIntosh as co-PI.<br />

Publications

Feenstra, Gail and Thomas P. Tomich. 2007. Sustainable food systems link growers to new consumer markets in California, California Agriculture 61(4): p.146.<br /> <br /> <br /> Feenstra, Gail; Giraud, Deborah and Rilla, Ellie. 2007 "Farm-to-School Programs Link Rural/Urban Communities Promoting Collaboration and Civic Engagement." Annual Meeting Proceedings and Poster, Rural Sociology Society, San Jose, CA..<br /> <br /> <br /> Salazar, Melissa, Gail Feenstra and Jeri Ohmart. Salad days: Using visual methods to study childrens food culture (pp. 423-437). In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (Eds.) Food and Culture: A Reader. Florence, KY: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.<br /> <br /> <br /> Gillespie, Gilbert W., Jr., Duncan L. Hilchey, C. Clare Hinrichs and Gail Feenstra. 2007. Farmers markets as keystones in rebuilding local and regional food systems (pp. 65-83). Chapter in C. Clare Hinrichs and Thomas A. Lyson (Eds.) Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.<br /> <br /> <br /> Feenstra, Gail. 2007. The roles of farmers markets in fueling local economies. Gastronomic Sciences 1/07: 56-67.<br /> <br /> <br /> Kim, Karen, Wm. Alex McIntosh, Jeff Sobal, and Karen S. Kubena. 2007. Religion, Social Support, Food-Related Social Support, Diet, Nutrition, and Anthropometrics in Elderly Individuals. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Forthcoming. <br /> <br /> <br /> Scott, Amanda, Debra Reed, Karen S. Kubena, and Wm. Alex McIntosh. 2007. Evaluation of a Group Administered 24-Hour Recall Method for Dietary Assessment. Journal of Extension. 45(1). <br /> <br /> <br /> McIntosh et al. 2008. Feedlot Veterinarians Moral beliefs, Instrumental Beliefs regarding Antimicrobial Use in Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. Forthcoming. <br /> <br /> <br /> Kim, Mi Jeong, William A McIntosh, Jenna Anding, Debra, Reed, and Karen Kubena. 2008. Parenting Styles&.and Childrens Nutrition. Maternal and Child Nutrition. Revise and resubmit. <br /> <br /> <br /> Sobal, Jeff and McIntosh. 2008. Globalization and obesity. In Globalization of Food. Forthcoming.<br /> <br /> <br /> Bustillos, Brenda, Joseph Sharkey, Jenna Anding, and Alex McIntosh. 2007. Availability of Healthful Foods in Rural Areas: A Challenge to Older Adults. Presented at the annual meeting of the Federation of Experimental Biology. May 1, Washington, DC (poster).<br /> <br /> <br /> Creel, Jennifer, Joseph Sharkey, Jenna Anding, and Alex McIntosh. 2007. The Availability of Healthy Food Options in Fast Food Outlets in Six Rural Counties. Presented at the annual meeting of the Federation of Experimental Biology. May 1, Washington, DC (poster). <br /> <br /> <br /> McIntosh, Alex. 2007. Healthy Parks, Healthy People: The Physical Health of American Children at the meeting of the George Society, Minneapolis, April 19. <br /> <br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex. 2007. AFSF after 20 Years, Food Studies at 10 Years: A Roundtable Assessment. Association for the Study of Food and Society, Victoria, CA: June 5th. <br /> <br /> Jesheng, Jan, William A. McIntosh, Wesley Dean, and Morgan Scott. 2007 The Relationship between Moral Obligations to Others and Others Influence in Decisions to Utilize Antibiotics in Feedlot Cattle at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Santa Clara, CA. August 1.<br /> <br /> <br /> Davis, Jennifer, William A. McIntosh, Wesley Dean, and Morgan Scott. 2007. Trust and Confidence in Antibiotic Use by Referent Others in the Feedlot Industry: A Feedlot Owner/Operator - Feedlot Veterinarian Perspective at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Santa Clara, CA. August 1.<br /> <br /> Smith C, Richards R. Dietary intake, overweight status, and perceptions of food insecurity among homeless Minnesotan youth. Am J Hum Bio. 2008, in press.<br /> <br /> <br /> Richards R, Smith C. Environmental, parental, and personal influences on food choice, access, and overweight status among homeless children. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65:1572-83. <br /> <br /> <br /> Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Understanding gardening and dietary habits among youth garden participants using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Appetite. 2007; 49:122-130.<br /> <br /> <br /> Schrvyer T, Smith C, Wall M. Self-identities and BMI of Minnesotan soy consumers and non-consumers. Obesity Research. 2007;15:1101-1106.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Beliefs, knowledge, and values held by inner-city youth about gardening, nutrition, and cooking. Ag and Hum Values. 2007;24 (2):245-258.<br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Given the uphill battle against obesity regarding the current food situation (agriculture subsidies, millions of dollars spent on food advertising, the location of retail options, societal values on what is appropriate to eat, etc.), we must be realistic in setting goals while staying optimistic. We do believe that we can have an impact at the community level, as well as within the national discourse. One of the major outcomes we seek is to bring the structural and cultural aspects of the food system to the attention of community leaders and reporters. We believe in models such as civic journalism as promoted by Siranni and Friedland (2001), in which antagonists on an issue are brought together to discuss the issues.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Allen, Patricia email rats@cats.ucsc.edu University of California  Santa Cruz
McIntosh, Alex w-mcintosh@neo.tamu.edu Texas A&M University
Moore, Richard moore.11@osu.edu Ohio State University
Morton, Lois Wright lwmorton@iastate.edu Iowa State University
Smith, Chery csmith@umn.edu University of Minnesota
Ten Eyck, Toby teneyck@msu.edu Michigan State University
Thompson, Joan jthompson@psu.edu Penn State University
Wang, CY project advisor South Dakota State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Administrative Report
None
Decisions by Group for Action  see bold:

1. All members will send to Chery Smith: csmith@umn.edu, all their publications and grants from 2002 to present by December 1, 2008

2. Group voted to keep current officers for one more year (see above).

3. Group agreed to next meeting at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) in either October or November of 2009 to be organized by Jennifer Wilkinson. The date will be settled on later.
4. The group will continue its effort to recruit new members.
5. Members will contribute chapters/sections to a handbook. This year we re-visited the outline of chapters developed during 2008.  preliminary title: What is the Food System and Its Relationship to Health? Glen Tolle has contacted Springer about publishing our work. They have invited us to send them a prospectus.
New Outline
Tentative Book Title: How Do People Differentially access the Food System and How Does that affect their Well-Being?

Parts of Book: Rough Outline

The Situation: Current Knowledge, state of current conditions (each chapter includes history)
Approaches to Knowing
Conceptual Frameworks
Methodology
Epistemology
Collaborative knowledge generators (trans-disciplinary, participatory)
Approaches to Doing
Collaborative action
Models
[Historical Context] Introduction
[Future History] Conclusion

Book Outlined In Detail:

Introduction
Defines food system
Consumers and well-being
Historical context
Current Situation
Health disparities in the food system
Constraints to food decision making
Disparities in resources
Inadequate community infrastructure
Inadequate or ineffective public programs and (labor law) policies
Penurious ideologies
Customs and Norms
Obesity and Food Security
Approaches to Knowing: Why Gaps in Knowledge Exist and how we can close them
Approaches to knowledge theoretical frameworks; epistemological frameworks
Disciplinary silage and need for trans-disciplinary work
Reductionist thinking
Good qualitative research
  Survey Design and Analysis
  Quantitative Research and Analysis
  Community Engaged Research
  Spatial Analysis
Analysis of Secondary Data Sets
Comparative Research

Accomplishments

We will be writing a book on the food system and its impacts. We outlined each chapter and made writing assignments. <br /> <br /> We developed a series of deadlines for 1) chapter abstracts, 2) critiques of abstracts, 3) chapter drafts, 4) critiques of chapter drafts, and 5) final draft submissions. <br /> <br /> <br /> Second, we organized a series of focus group projects in 4 of the participating states. The thrust of these studies is on where people obtain food in their local environments and barriers they face in doing so.

Publications

The accomplishments of this group are many. Two projects have more than one state involved. Currently Ray Jussaume (Washington State University) and Chery Smith (University of Minnesota) are working on a focus group project and they have invited others to join them. Dr. Jussaume has completed five focus groups and Dr. Smith will complete 3 by the end of 2008. The goal is to have each participating state complete 6 focus groups in 4 different types of ERS counties, with at least 2 urban and 2 rural counties and to include a diverse demographic profile. Focus groups will examine food access issues, barriers to healthy eating, and use of all portions of the food system (organic, sustainable, conventional, retail groceries, coops, gardening, fishing, etc). Patricia Allen (University of California) and Stephany Parker (Oklahoma State University) have expressed interest in joining the project.<br /> Two states, Iowa (Lois Wright Morton) and Minnesota (Chery Smith), have been examined food access issues in low-income and food insecure counties identified as food desserts, by conducting focus groups and surveying stores and customers. Their work has resulted in the publication of two joint papers:<br /> Morton, LW, Smith C. Accessing Food in Rural Food Deserts in Iowa and Minnesota. Great Plains Sociologist, 2008, 19:¬ <br /> <br /> Smith C, Morton LW. Rural Food Deserts: Low Income Perspectives on Food Access in Minnesota and Iowa. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009, in press for January issue.<br /> This year we added two new members, Kofi Abu- Nyako (North Carolina A&T State College) and Stephany Parker (Oklahoma State University). Last year we also added three new members, Brian Fulfrost (University of California), Philip Howard (Michigan State University), and Gail Freenstra (UC-Davis). Lastly, the group is made up of many talented individuals and the list of t accomplishments for nine members is below. While the publications, presentations, and grants represent accomplishments within their states, being part of the group may inspire their projects.<br /> <br /> 1. Patricia Allen, Director, <br /> Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, <br /> University of California, Santa Cruz<br /> Publications<br /> Allen, P. and J. Perez. Accepted, in revision. Fields of dreams: CSA as an alternative agrifood institution. Journal of Rural Studies.<br /> Allen, P. 2008. Mining for justice. Agriculture and Human Values. 25:157-161.<br /> Allen, P. and A. B. Wilson. 2008. Agrifood inequalities: Globalization and localization. Development 51 (4). Special issue: The future of agriculture. <br /> Hinrichs, C. and P. Allen. 2008. Selective patronage and social justice: local food consumer campaigns in historical context. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 2:329-352.<br /> Allen, P. 2007. The disappearance of hunger in America. Gastronomica 7 (3): 19-23.<br /> Allen, P. and C. Sachs. 2007. Women and food chains: The gendered politics of food. International Journal of Sociology of Food and Agriculture 15 (1): 1-23.<br /> Book Chapters<br /> Allen, P. and H. Melcarek. Forthcoming 2009. Organic agriculture and food security: Saving the environment, feeding the world? In Ecology in Organic Farming Systems. Ed. C. Francis. American Society of Agronomy. Invited chapter.<br /> Allen, P. Forthcoming 2009. Roots and roles of alternative agrifood systems. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide: Society, Culture and Ethics, Vol.2. ed. L. Walter. Praeger. Invited chapter.<br /> Allen, P. 2008. The future of the sustainable agriculture movement. In the Encyclopedia of Rural America: The Land and People, Vol. 2:N-Z. ed. G. Gorham. Grey House Publishing. Invited chapter.<br /> Allen, P. and C. Hinrichs. 2007. Buying into buy local: Agendas and assumptions of U.S. local food initiatives. In Constructing alternative food geographies?: Representation and practice. L. Holloway, D. Maye and M. Kneafsy, eds. Elsevier Press. Invited chapter.<br /> Other Publications<br /> Allen, P. 2008. Farm to Institution Programs. Family Farm Forum, USDA CSREES. Nov. 2008. http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/announcements/CSREESfarmforum-11-08.pdf. Invited article.<br /> Allen, P. 2008. Forthcoming 2009. Invited review for Gastronomica of "Closing the Food Gap: Resetting the Table in the Land of Plenty." M. Winne, 2008. Beacon Press.<br /> Perez, J. and P. Allen. 2007. Farming the college market: Results of a consumer study at UC Santa Cruz. Center Research Brief #11. Santa Cruz, CA: Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems.<br /> Publications in Progress<br /> Allen, P. and C. Sachs. Being consumed: gendered food domains. Prospectus submitted to and provisionally accepted by Routledge Press.<br /> Allen, P. and C. Smith, eds. Food access and public health: research questions and methodologies. To be submitted to Sage Publishing.<br /> Howard, P. and P. Allen. What to BUYcott? Consumer preferences for post-organic ecolabels in the United States, to be submitted to Rural Sociology.<br /> Allen, P. Invited submission, Patronage and patrons: Can ethical consumers buy justice? for the Journal of Rural Studies, special issue, "Subjecting the Objective: Participation, Sustainability, and Agri-food Research." <br /> Allen, P. Invited book review of Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability edited by C. Hinrichs and T. Lyson. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.<br /> Allen, P. Invited book review of The Fight Over Food: Producers, Consumers, and Activists Challenge the Global Food System by W. Wright and G. Middendorf, eds.<br /> Presentations: Invited Presentations<br /> The Global Food Crisis, California State University Monterey Bay. OSHER Life Long Learners, Seaside, CA, November 6, 2008.<br /> Beyond Farmers Markets: Can Local Foods and Grassroots Movements Transform the Global Food System? With Vandana Shiva, Environmental Grantmakers Association, New Paltz, New York. September 23-24, 2008. <br /> Building a Table with Seats for Everyone: Hunger, Justice and Alternative Agrifood Systems, Inaugural lecture in seminar series, Feast and Famine: The Agroecology of Hunger, University of Wisconsin, Madison. September 23-24, 2008. Invitation included special meetings with faculty and graduate students.<br /> Seeds of Sustainability, Taste3 Conference, Robert Mondavi Winery, Napa, California. July 17-19, 2008.<br /> Patronage and Patrons: Can Ethical Consumers Buy Justice? Sustainable Consumption and Alternative Agri-Food Systems, 2nd Conference on Sustainable Consumption, Liege University, Dept. of Environmental Science and Management Arlon, Belgium. May 27- 30, 2008. <br /> Serving a Healthy Future: Sustainable Food Systems and Public Health, Keynote Address, Nutrition Exchange, The Food Environment&Moving Forward. Ontario Society of Nutrition Professionals in Public Health. Ontario, Canada. May 22-23, 2008.<br /> Mining for Justice: Consumer Perceptions on Social Justice in the Food System, Special session on Ethical Commitments in Agrifood Systems, Rural Sociological Society annual meeting, Santa Clara, California, August 2007. <br /> Increasing Value-Added Profits for Small and Medium Scale Growers: The Institutional Market: Integrated Activities in an NRI Grant, Special session on Federal Policy in Action: Integrating Research, Education and Extension, Rural Sociological Society annual meeting, Santa Clara, California, August 2007.<br /> Choice and Access in Food Security, Short Course in Agroecology, UC Santa Cruz, July 18, 2007.<br /> Shifting agrifood systems: the ecology, politics, and place of sustainable agrifood systems, American Association of Geographers, San Francisco, April 18, 2007.<br /> Looking Back, Moving forward: Social Change and the UC Santa Cruz Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, Keynote Address, University of British Columbia, April 2007. <br /> Contributed Presentations<br /> Farm-to-Institution Efforts: Can Institutional Markets Increase Sustainable Practices? With Jan Perez. Joint Annual Meetings of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and the Agriculture, Food & Human Values Society. New Orleans, LA. June 5, 2008.<br /> Opportunities and Vulnerabilities in Farm-to-Institution Schemes: Results from a California Study, with Jan Perez, Shermain Hardesty, Gail Feenstra, and Anya Fernald. Rural Sociological Society annual meeting, Santa Clara, California, August 2007.<br /> Selective Patronage and Social Justice: Local Food Campaigns in Comparative-Historical Context, with Clare Hinrichs. Joint meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, Victoria, B.C., May 2007.<br /> Uncovering New Dimensions in Farm-to-Institution Markets, with Jan Perez, Shermain Hardesty, Gail Hinrichs, Jeri Ohmart and Tracy Perkins. Joint meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, Victoria, B.C., May 2007.<br /> Will Consumers Support a Domestic Version of Fair Trade? Evidence from the United States, with Phil Howard. Joint meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, Victoria, B.C., May 2007.<br /> Radio<br /> Invited panelist on KQED radio program on organic food, July 16, 2007.<br /> Invited guest on KUSP radio to discuss food and social justice, July 19, 2007.<br /> <br /> Grants and Awards<br /> 2008  2009 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grants for Agricultural Research, Special Research Grant, #2008-03216 Improving Health, Environment, and Agrifood Literacy: An Integrated Approach. $354,654. Principal Investigator: Patricia Allen<br /> 2008  2009 Appleton Foundation, Doing Food Work: Practices of Gendered Inequalities in Labor in the U.S Food System. $25,000. Principal Investigator: Patricia Allen<br /> 2007  2008 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grants for Agricultural Research, Special Research Hatch funds. A Consortium Based Program for Sustainable Agriculture along the Central Coast of California. $89,288.43. Principle Investigator: Carol Shennan; Co-PI: Patricia Allen, Marc Los Huertos, UC Montery Bay.<br /> 2006  2008 U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative, #2006-01432, Increasing Value-added Profits for Small and Medium-scale Growers: The Institutional Market, $399,982. Principal Investigator: Patricia Allen Co-PI: Shermain Hardesty, UC Davis.<br /> <br /> ***********<br /> 2. Gail Feenstra<br /> Food Systems Analyst<br /> UC Sustainable Agriculture Research & Ed. Program<br /> UC Davis Agricultural Sustainability Institute<br /> Publications <br /> Feenstra, Gail and Thomas P. Tomich. 2007. Sustainable food systems link growers to new consumer markets in California, California Agriculture 61(4): p.146.<br /> Feenstra, Gail; Giraud, Deborah and Rilla, Ellie. 2007 "Farm-to-School Programs Link Rural/Urban Communities Promoting Collaboration and Civic Engagement." Annual Meeting Proceedings and Poster, Rural Sociology Society, San Jose, CA..<br /> Salazar, Melissa, Gail Feenstra and Jeri Ohmart. [In Press]. Salad days: Using visual methods to study childrens food culture. In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (Eds.) Food and Culture: A Reader. Florence, KY: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.<br /> <br /> Gillespie, Gilbert W., Jr., Duncan L. Hilchey, C. Clare Hinrichs and Gail Feenstra. 2007. Farmers markets as keystones in rebuilding local and regional food systems (pp. 65-83). Chapter in C. Clare Hinrichs and Thomas A. Lyson (Eds.) Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.<br /> <br /> Feenstra, Gail. 2007. The roles of farmers markets in fueling local economies. Gastronomic Sciences 1/07: 56-67.<br /> <br /> Shreck A., C. Getz & G. Feenstra. Winter 2006. Social sustainability, farm labor and organic agriculture: Findings from an exploratory analysis. Agriculture and Human Values, 23(4): 439-449.<br /> <br /> Brodt, Sonja, Gail Feenstra, Robin Kozloff, Karen Klonsky and Laura Tourte. 2006. Farmer-community connections and the future of ecological agriculture in California. Agriculture and Human Values 23: 75-88.<br /> <br /> ***********<br /> 3. Ardyth Gillespie<br /> Cornell University<br /> Publications<br /> Gillespie AH, Gillespie GW. Family Food Decision-making: An Ecological Systems Framework. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences. 2007;99: 22-28.<br /> Gillespie AH, Smith LE. Food Decision-Making Framework: Connecting Sustainable Food Systems to Health and Well-being. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition. 2008, 3: 328-346.<br /> Presentations<br /> Gillespie A. "Family Food Decision-making: An Ecosystems Approach to studying food and eating environments." Cornell Community Nutrition Seminar September 8, 2008.<br /> Gillespie A. "Family Food Decision-making Systems: A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Research and Intervention." Annals of Behavioral Medicine Special Issue anticipated April 2009.<br /> Gillespie AA. Family Food Decision-making: An Ecosystems Approach. Decision Making in Eating Behavior: Interacting Perspectives from the Individual, Family and Environment, Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, 2008<br /> Gillespie AH. "Family Food Decision-making and Obesity." Invited emperical paper for NIH National Institute for Child Health and Development Invitted workshop on Feeding Families: Bridging Social Sciences and Social Epidemiology Aproaches to Obesity Research (July 8, 2008, Bethesda, MD).<br /> Gillespie AH. "Food Decision-making, Obesity, and Wellness:An Ecosystems Approach." Invited keynote presentation The 1890 land grant system conference (June 9, 2008).<br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Philip H. Howard, Assistant Professor<br /> Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies (CARRS)<br /> 316 Natural Resources<br /> Michigan State University<br /> East Lansing, MI 48824<br /> <br /> Publications<br /> Grady, Sue C., Howard, Philip H., and Nicholls, Sarah. 2007. Investigating the Impact of Neighborhood Environments on the Risk of Hypertension. Family Research Initiative White Paper, Michigan State University.<br /> <br /> Perez, Jan and Phil Howard. 2007. Consumer Interest in Food System. Topics: Implications for Educators. Journal of Extension, 45(4).<br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H. and Patricia Allen. 2006. Beyond Organic: Consumer Interest in New Labelling Schemes in the Central Coast of California. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(5), 439-451.<br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H. 2006. Central Coast Consumers Want More Food-Related Information, From Safety to Ethics. California Agriculture, 60(1),14-19.<br /> <br /> Fulfrost, Brian and Phil Howard. 2006. Mapping the Markets: The Relative Density of Retail Food Stores in Densely Populated Census Blocks in the Central Coast Region of California. Report to the Second Harvest Food Bank of Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties, and the Agriculture and Land-Based Training Association. Center For Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, University of California, Santa Cruz.<br /> <br /> <br /> 5. Raymond A. Jussaume Jr. <br /> Professor and Chair <br /> Department of Community and Rural Sociology <br /> Washington State University <br /> Publications<br /> Selfa, Theresa and Raymond A. Jussaume Jr., and Michael Winter. Sustainable Foodscapes? Examining Consumer Attitudes and Practices toward Food and Farming in Washington State, USA. Chapter 9 in Fish, R. D., S. Seymour and C. Watkins (eds.). Sustainable Farmland Management: New Transdisciplinary Approaches. CABI Publishing. (Forthcoming - 2008).<br /> <br /> Broberg, Katie. "Local Capacity to Combat Food Insecurity in Rural North Central Washington." Community and Rural Sociology Information Series #2-08., 2008 (http://www.crs.wsu.edu/infoseries/IS2-08brobergthesis.pdf). <br /> <br /> Glenna, Leland and Raymond A. Jussaume, Jr. 2007. "Characteristics of Organic Farmers in Washington State Who Are Willing to Use GMOs." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 118-124. <br /> <br /> Kondoh, Kazumi and Raymond A. Jussaume Jr. 2006. "Contextualizing Farmers Attitudes Towards Biotechnology." Agriculture and Human Values. Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 341-352. <br /> Jussaume, Raymond A. Jr. and Kazumi Kondoh. (Forthcoming - 2007). "Possibilities for Revitalizing Local Agriculture: Evidence from Four Counties in Washington State. Raymond A. Jussaume Jr, Gerad Mittendorf and Wynne Wright (eds.). Food Fight. <br /> <br /> Ostrom, Marcy and Raymond A. Jussaume Jr. (2007). "Assessing the Significance of Direct Farmer-Consumer Linkages as a Change Strategy: Civic or Opportunistic?" in Hinrichs, Clare and Thomas Lyson (eds.). Remaking the North American Food System.<br /> <br /> ********<br /> 6. Alex McIntosh <br /> Professor<br /> Texas A & M University<br /> Publications<br /> Kim, Karen, Wm. Alex McIntosh, Jeff Sobal, and Karen S. Kubena. 2008. Religion, Social Support, Food-Related Social Support, Diet, Nutrition, and Anthropometrics in Elderly Individuals. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 47(3):205-228. <br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Ale, Sarah Schulz, Wesley Dean, H, Morgan Scott, Kerry S. Barling, and Isao Takei. 2008. Feedlot Veterinarians Moral beliefs, Instrumental Beliefs regarding Antimicrobial Use in Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. Electronic version available at doi: 10.1002/casp.976. 17pp. <br /> <br /> Kim, Mi Jeong, William A McIntosh, Jenna Anding, Debra, Reed, and Karen Kubena. 2008. Parenting Styles&.and Childrens Nutrition. 2008. Maternal and Child Nutrition. 4 (4):287-303. <br /> <br /> Bustillos, Brenda, Joseph Sharkey, Jenna Anding, and Alex McIntosh. 2009. Availability of Healthier Foods in Traditional, Convenience, and Non-Traditional Types of Food Stores in Two Rural Texas Counties. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.<br /> <br /> Creel, Jennifer, Joseph Sharkey, Alex McIntosh, Jenna Anding, and Charles Huber. 2008. Availability of healthier options in traditional and nontraditional rural fast-food Outlets. BMC Public Health 8:395 (electronic version). Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-395<br /> <br /> Kim, Karen, Wm. Alex McIntosh, Jeff Sobal, and Karen S. Kubena. 2007. Religion, Social Support, Food-Related Social Support, Diet, Nutrition, and Anthropometrics in Elderly Individuals. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Forthcoming. <br /> Scott, Amanda, Debra Reed, Karen S. Kubena, and Wm. Alex McIntosh. 2007. Evaluation of a Group Administered 24-Hour Recall Method for Dietary Assessment. Journal of Extension. 45(1). <br /> McIntosh et al. 2008. Feedlot Veterinarians Moral beliefs, Instrumental Beliefs regarding Antimicrobial Use in Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. Forthcoming. <br /> Kim, Mi Jeong, William A McIntosh, Jenna Anding, Debra, Reed, and Karen Kubena. 2008. Parenting Styles&.and Childrens Nutrition. Maternal and Child Nutrition. Revise and resubmit. <br /> <br /> Book Chapters<br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex and Karen S. Kubena. 2008. Nutrition and Ageing. In John <br /> Germov and L. Williams (eds.), The Social Appetite. Third edition. (169-186). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <br /> <br /> Sobal, Jeff and Wm. Alex McIntosh. 2008. Globalization and Obesity. In Globalization of Food. Forthcoming.<br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex and others. 2008. The American Family Meal. The Meal: Science and Practice. Woodhead Press. Forthcoming. <br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex. 2006. Social Surveys. Encyclopedia of Sociology.<br /> <br /> Papers Presented<br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex, Mi Jeong Kim, Glen Tolle, Jie-sheng Jan, Wesley Dean, Cruz Torres, Rudy Nayga, Jenna Anding and Karen S. Kubena. 2008. Parenting and Time Children Spend in Eating and Non-Sedentary Activities. Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Food and Society, New Orleans, LA. June 6. <br /> <br /> Dean, Wesley, H. Morgan Scott, and William A. McIntosh. 2008. The Moral Economy of Trust: Explaining the Antibiotic Treatment Behavior of Beef-Feedlot Operators. Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Food and Society, New Orleans, LA. June 6.<br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex, Wesley Dean, Glen Tolle, Cruz Torres, Rudy Nayga, Jenna Anding, and Karen S. Kubena. 2008. Parental Work and Childrens Time Spent in Eating and Non-Sedentary Activities. Presented at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Manchester NH, July 31.<br /> <br /> Current Research Funding<br /> 2006-2009 Co-Investigator. Resolving the Social Factors Influencing Variable Compliance and Risk Communication in Foreign Animal Disease Defense Programs. CSREES ($362,990). <br /> <br /> 2008-2012. Co-investigator. School-Based Obesity Project. A project that is part of a center grant from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIH). ($6,381,487).<br /> <br /> *********<br /> 7. Lois Wright Morton<br /> Associate Professor<br /> Iowa State University<br /> Publications<br /> <br /> Morton, L.W. and C. Smith. (2008) Accessing Food in Rural Food Deserts In Iowa and Minnesota Great Plains Sociologist 19:<br /> <br /> Smith, C. and L.W. Morton. (2008) Rural Food Deserts: Low Income Perspectives on Food Access in Minnesota and Iowa Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 1-12.<br /> Morton, L.W., A. Bitto, M.J. Oakland, M. Sand. (2008) Accessing Food Resources: Rural and Urban Patterns of Giving and Getting Food Agriculture and Human Values 25:107-119.<br /> Morton, L.W. and T. Blanchard. (2007) Starved for Access: Life in Rural Americas Food Deserts Rural Realities (February) Rural Sociological Society http://www.ruralsociology.org/pubs/RuralRealities/Issue4.html<br /> Garasky, S., L.W.Morton , K. A. Greder. (2006) The Effect of the Local Food Environment and Social Support on Rural Food Insecurity. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. 1:1:83-103.<br /> Presentations<br /> Morton, L.W. Defining and Conceptualizing Areas of Low Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Understanding Food Deserts ERS-USDA Workshop Washington, D. C. October 9, 2008 <br /> <br /> Posters<br /> Morton, L.W. 2006. Rural Food Deserts: Food Price Comparisons Local Grocery Stores and Out-of-County Wal-Mart, First place, scientific poster. Rural Sociological Society annual conference Louisville, Kentucky.<br /> Morton, L.W. and L. W. Miller. [forthcoming] Connecting Sustainable Agriculture to Rural Development: The Case of Pasture-Based Dairy Grazing Journal of Community Development <br /> Morton, L.W., A. Bitto, M.J. Oakland, M. Sand. [forthcoming] Accessing Food Resources: Rural and Urban Patterns of Giving and Getting Food Agriculture and Human Values <br /> Morton, L.W. and T. Blanchard. (2007) Starved for Access: Life in Rural Americas Food Deserts Rural Realities (February) Rural Sociological Society http://www.ruralsociology.org/pubs/RuralRealities/Issue4.html<br /> **********<br /> 8. Chery Smith, <br /> Associate Professor<br /> University of Minnesota <br /> Department of Food Science and Nutrition<br /> Publications<br /> Smith C, Butterfass J, Rickelle R. Environment influences food access and resulting shopping and dietary behaviors among homeless Minnesotans. Ag and Human Values, 2009 in press.<br /> Franzen L, Smith C. Acculturation and environmental change impacts dietary habits among adult Hmong. Appetite, 2009,52; 173-183.<br /> Smith C, Richards R. Dietary intake, overweight status, and perceptions of food insecurity among homeless Minnesotan youth. Am J Hum Bio. 2008, 20;550-563.<br /> <br /> Beckman LL, Smith C. An evaluation of inner-city youth garden program participants dietary behavior and garden and nutrition knowledge. Journal of Agricultural Education. 2008, 49 (4): 11-25.<br /> Morton, LW, Smith C. Accessing Food in Rural Food Deserts in Iowa and Minnesota. Great Plains Sociologist, 2008, 19, ___.<br /> <br /> Wiig K, Smith C. The art of grocery shopping on a food stamp budget: Factors influencing the food choices of low-income women as they try to make ends meet. Pub Health Nutrition, 2009, in press.<br /> Wiig K, Smith C. Factors affecting low-income womens food choices and the perceived impact of dietary intake and socioeconomic status on their health and weight. J Nutr Edu Behav. 2009, in press.<br /> Smith C, Morton LW. Rural Food Deserts: Low Income Perspectives on Food Access in Minnesota and Iowa. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009, in press.<br /> Richards R, Smith C. Environmental, parental, and personal influences on food choice, access, and overweight status among homeless children. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65:1572-83. <br /> Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Understanding gardening and dietary habits among youth garden participants using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Appetite. 2007; 49:122-130.<br /> Schrvyer T, Smith C, Wall M. Self-identities and BMI of Minnesotan soy consumers and non-consumers. Obesity Research. 2007;15:1101-1106.<br /> Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Beliefs, knowledge, and values held by inner-city youth about gardening, nutrition, and cooking. Ag and Hum Values. 2007;24:245-258.<br /> Henderickson D, Smith C, Eikenberry N. Low-income individuals face limited fruit and vegetable access in four Minnesotan communities designated as food deserts. Ag and Human Values. 2006: 38(3):371-383.<br /> Schrvyer T, Smith C. Minnesotans willingness to consume soy foods for cholesterol lowering and receive CVD counseling by nutrition professionals. Pub Health Nutr, 2006; 9(7):866-874.<br /> Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Low-income Native Americans Perception on Diabetes. J Nutr Ed Behav., 2006; 38(3):307-315.<br /> Richards R, Smith C. Shelter environment and placement in community affects lifestyle factors among homeless families in Minnesota. Am J Health Promotion, 2006; 21(1):36-44.<br /> Henry H, Reimer K, Smith C, Reicks M. Decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy are associated with the central stage of change construct regarding fruit and vegetable consumption by low-income African American mothers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006,106:841-849.<br /> Smith C, Fila SA . Comparison of the Kids Block Food Frequency Questionnaire to the 24-hour recall in urban Native American Youth. Am J Hum Bio, 2006;18:706-709.<br /> Fila SA, SmithC. Applying the theory of planned behavior to healthy eating behaviors in urban Native American youth. In J Beh Nutr Phy Activ, 2006:3:11-22.<br /> Richards R, Smith C. The impact of homeless shelters on food access and choice and developed coping strategies among homeless families in Minnesota. J Nutr Ed Behav. 2006, 38 (2): 96-105.<br /> Refereed Abstracts/Presentations:<br /> Smith C. Research updates on food deserts and how food insecurity impacts food choice for those living in those areas. Board of Community Nutrition Assistance Programs. October, 2008.<br /> Smith C. Grocery Shopping Behavior, Food Choices, and Meal Patterns of Low-Income Women in Minnesota. Annual Conference for Minnesota Nutrition Educators Sept, 2008<br /> Franzen L, Smith C. Food system access and shopping behavior influences on purchasing groceries in adult Hmong. Annual Conference of the American Dietetic Association, 2008.<br /> Wiig K, Smith C. Grocery shopping on a food stamp budget: Factors influencing food choice among low-income women. Annual Conference of the American Dietetic Association, 2008.<br /> Smith C, Richards R. Food insecurity and obesity among homeless mothers. Annual Conference for the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO), 2006.<br /> Richards R, Smith C. Overweight status and perceptions of food insecurity among homeless children. Conference for the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO), 2006.<br /> Graduate Students completed<br /> Sept 2007 Rickelle Richards, PhD, MPH, RD. The impact of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors on food access, food choice, and health status among homeless shelter-based families in Minnesota. Defense: Sept 11, 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, p. 207.<br /> Jan 2007 Lauren Lautenschlager, MS. Beliefs, knowledge, values, and behaviors of inner-city youth garden program participants in Minnesota. Masters Thesis. P.157.<br /> Grants<br /> 10/07-9/09 The Impact of Acculturation on Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index among Hmong Children. Smith C. MAES/CHE administrative fund. $90,000.<br /> 10/07-9/09 Assessment of shopping behavior among urban homeless, urban and rural low-income Minnesotans. Smith C., $110,000.<br /> 9/06-10/11 Examination of nutritional status and dietary behavior in minority populations. Agricultural Exp Station, University of Minnesota (renewed). Smith C. <br /> ***********<br /> 9. Joan Thomson<br /> Publications<br /> Bagdonis, J., J.S. Thomson, and C. Altemose. 2008. Extensions Role in Facilitating Collaborative Initiatives: Direct Marketing Farm Products on the Internet. J.Extension, 46(2):5 pp. http://www.joe.org/joe/2008april/iw2.shtml.<br /> <br /> Thomson, J.S., R.B. Radhakrishna, A.N. Maretzki, L.O. and Inciong. 2006. Strengthening Community Engagement Toward Sustainable Local Food Systems. J. Extension. 44:4:4FEA2:14 pp.<br /> Abstracts/Posters/Presentations<br /> Mann, H., J. Bagdonis, and J.S. Thomson. 2007. How We Understand Local Food: Examining Relationships Between Food-Based Education Programs and Student Attitudes About the Food System. Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Agricultural Sciences Independent Study Projects. The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Science, University Park, PA. pp. 25. (Abstract).<br /> Patel, A., J. Bagdonis, and J.S. Thomson. 2007. How We Understand Local Food: Student Perceptions of Local and Organic Foods. Pennsylvania Governor's School for the Agricultural Sciences Independent Study Projects. The Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Science. University Park, PA. pp. 27. (Abstract).<br /> Thomson, J.S., A.N. Maretzki, and R.B. Radhakrishna. 2005. Extension Educators Perspectives on Strengthening Community Engagement in Sustainable Local Food Systems. Abstracts for annual meeting of the Community Development Society. Baltimore, MD. pp. 29<br /> <br /> Book Chapters<br /> Thomson, J.S., A.N. Maretzki, and A.H. Harmon. 2007. Community-Initiated Dialogue: Strengthening the Community through the Local Food System. Chapter 9 In C. Hinrichs and T.A. Lyson (eds.), Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln, NE. pp. 183-198.<br /> Thesis/dissertations<br /> Bagdonis, J. 2007. Perceptions and Organization of Emerging Farm-to-School Programming in Rural and Urban Pennsylvania Setting. M.S. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 113 pp.<br /> Inciong, L.O. 2004. Pennsylvania extension educators: strengthening community engagement toward a sustainable local food system. M.S. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 151 pp.<br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. The need to understand the causes of disease and illness is the reason for significant investment of dollars and research time in dietary behaviors and environmental relationships. Several of the leading causes of death are related to dietary and lifestyle factors. Evidence is convincing that mortality is lowest in populations with the healthiest diets. Not unrelated is the increasing public concern about the effects of changes in food and agriculture systems on human health and environmental quality. NC1033 is interested in investigating the relationships among eating behavior, food access, well-being, health, and disease using a food systems and individual levels approaches. The first issue is that of food deserts. NC-1033 members have studied the impact of food deserts on local access to low-cost foods, particularly in rural areas of Iowa and Minnesota. Project members have shared their findings with community leaders.
2. Food desert research conducted since 2001 under several grants has produced six technical reports on Iowa communities/counties in which research was conducted are using as data to plan and respond to food access and food insecurity concerns. In 2008 with the economy faltering, structural issues of food insecurity including food desert concerns have become more visible in the media and public policy discussions.
3. Increases in child obesity and associated chronic illnesses have led project members to investigate these issues, focusing on issues of availability of and access to healthy food choices. One issue they investigated was the relationship between food insecurity and risk of poor health. Project member work on measurement issues regarding childrens health led to a request by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to ask those members to contribute to the conceptualization and measurement of food insecurity in children.
4. The 2008 Farm Bill includes food desert language and a charge to Economic Research Service to measure and document food deserts and food access concerns across the United States. The research conducted and published by NC1001/NC1033 team members has been identified as an important contribution to theory and measurement. In October, 2008, a project member was invited to present food desert concepts and methodologies at the USDA Economic Research Service science roundtable Food Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Understanding Food Deserts ERS-USDA Workshop, Washington, D. C. Over 100 US scientists, public policy makers, food bank and not-for-profit organizations concerned with food insecurity were present.
5. In California, a number of people expressed that they now understood the importance and complexity of food issues and solutions much better than they had previously. Researchers there introduced a new framing and set of possible solutions on food issues to public health professionals and university faculty and researchers.
6. During the period 2006-2008 project members received more than $7 million dollars in research grants to examine the relationship between health outcomes associated with local agriculture, food, and health.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Allen, Patricia - University of California Santa Cruz; Philip Howard - Michigan State University; Ardyth Gillespie - Cornell University; Raymond Jussame - Washington State University; McIntosh, Alex - Texas A&M University; Smith, Chery - University of Minnesota; Thompson, Joan - Penn State University; Wang, Cy - South Dakota State University; Wilkins, Jennifer - Cornell University

Brief Summary of Minutes

NC 1033 Minutes November 5-6, 2009 Cornell University, Ithaca NY

Present : Jennifer Wilkins, Cornell University; Phil Howard, Michigan State University; Joan Thompson, Pennsylvania State University, Chery Smith, University of Minnesota; Raymond Jussame, Washington State University; Patricia Allen, Ardy Gillespie, Cornell University, CY Wang, South Dakota State University.

Guests included Joanne Green, Michael Gomez and Carol Devine from the Division of Nutrition, Cornell University. The group learned about a variety of projects taking place on the Cornell University campus.

Administrative Report
C.Y .Wang emphasized the importance of getting our annual reports submitted.

State reports:
" Ardyth Gillespie spoke of her continued efforts in areas of food systems and family/individual change around attitudes towards vegetables and increased use of local foods. Also discussed Family Food Decision Making; Ecosystem Approach to Food Decision Making
" Mentioned December 2009 Annals of Behavioral Medicine (vol. 38, supplement 1).
" Joan Thompson discussed the recent work she has done on food safety in the food industry; also conducted a state-wide survey of consumer perceptions of food safety(random digit dialing telephone survey) and an on-line survey of members of Pennsylvania Food Producers Association.
" Phil Howard: examining food access inequalities and their impact on health Found positive relationships between presence of fast food and convenience stores and BMI in 9th grade students. Most of the schools studies had convenience stores nearby.
" Chery Smith spoke of her studies of Hmong re changes in body image. Studies of the homeless found that food was constantly on their minds. Smith talked about low resource women and shopping: these women know down to the penny what they are spending. Cost is the main concern. Efficiency: better to buy junk that kids will eat. Mentions her forthcoming publication Maternal and Child Health Journal (2010).
" Patricia Allen: doing projects on urban farming for food security and food accessibility and local food system assessments about their reaching underserved populations Finalizing a project on farm to institution, and looking at gender, race and class inequities in food labor.
" Joan Thompson : Has worked on several studies with food safety people. One involved a telephone survey of adults in the US. And Pennsylvania.
" Phil Howard: Food Access and School-Childrens Obesity.
" Jennifer Wilkins: Food Assistance Role in Sustainability. Directs the Cornell Farm to School program as well as the CCE Farmers Market Nutrition Program. Has a recent publication in Science on organics and health benefits!
" Chery Smith: Described some of her studies of the homeless and their food access strategies.
" Mentioned: Lois Wright-Morton discussed chapter on morality in local areas. Actually has a well-developed draft.
" Mcintosh: chapter on theoretical approaches; chapter on methodological approaches. Have continued to analyze data from study of 300 Houston families in terms of childrens time spent in fast food and full service restaurants.

The Book Project, Food Systems and Health: Conditions and Solutions.

Reported that we have shifted from a book strategy to a special issue of a journal approach. Journal of Hunger and the Environment and Ag and Human Values approached; neither was interested. We then reassessed our chapters. Thus far 9 chapters or so are in various stages of completion. Drafts of these are available.

1. ARTICLES/TITLES FOR NC1033
2. What is a food system?
3. Key factors in food and health: gender, race, and class
4. Dietary Guidelines and Health Disparities
5. Alternative agrifood systems and health OR Food security and alternative agri-food systems: are they compatible?
6. Institutional purchasing and health
7. Ecosocial methods for investigating disparities in food access and population health
8. Methods for working with communities on food and health OR Community Engaged Research Methodology;
9. Points of intervention OR Community Engaged Research
10. Obesogenic environments, subjectivity, and class
11. Ecosocial methods for investigating disparities in food access and population health
12. Alternative agrifood systems and health OR Food security and alternative agri-food systems: are they compatible?
13. Approaches to knowing: gaps in knowledge OR Understanding the role of theoretical frameworks in producing knowledge about food and health
14. Issues in data collection and analysis OR Gaps in Research Tools
15. Urban agriculture and health
16. Food-Diet-Health Relationships: Why Access to and the Quality of Food Systems Matter
17. Dietary Guidelines and Health Disparities
18. Food access, availability, and choice in the urban food environment
19. After-school and nutrition education
20. Coverage of food and health issues in the media: what's missing? OR If they know about it, will they eat it?
21. Beyond Eating Right: Dietary Advice as a Tool for Greening the Food System

Fundraising
Discussion explored USDA- AFRI, Robert Wood Johnson, Kellogg. USDA as a source for food safety mentioned fast food and full service restaurants, among other things.

Next years meeting.
Portland, Oregon decided if facilities were accessible. Ray Jussaume in charge. The dates of Oct. 6-9 or Oct. 13-16 suggested.

New officers:
Chair, Patricia Allen; Vice Chair: Ray Jussame; Alex McIntosh, Secretary.

Accomplishments

Group collaborative project:<br /> " NC1033 research group followed the plan to publish a book on Food Systems and Health: Conditions and Solutions. The book had fourteen NC1033 members and their colleagues who intended to be contributing. The publication plan was developed, members submitted abstracts for chapters, and developed a prospectus. <br /> " The group also explored submitting the prospectus as a special issue of a Journal, and submitted the prospectus to the Journal of Agriculture and Human Values, Springer Publishing, whose editor suggested it would be possibly several years before publication and would contain less material than the group had proposed. The group researched six other journals.<br /> <br /> Other activities included:<br /> " Researching efficacy in training in human nutrition and obesity prevention. <br /> " Diabetes education and health in Hispanic communities in Illinois.<br /> " Evaluating the efficacy of peer education, exercising and eating right and healthy outcomes for teens in Illinois. <br /> " Eating patterns in working families, single parents and duel earners. <br /> " Building capacity to engage Latinos in local food systems in the Iowa and Kansas. Mapping healthy development indicators in large California municipalities, including access to healthy, affordable, food sources (grocery stores, farmers markets, CSAs community gardens, school gardens) and also mapping unhealthy sources, (fast food and convenience stores not offering healthy options) using GIS to influence policy and urban development. <br /> " Researching household food inventories to determine the availability of healthy foods in Texas.<br /> " Looking nationally at local food systems and their organizers perceptions of impact on providing accessible, healthy food to vulnerable populations, ethnic and cultural groups, different ethnic populations, Minnesota, Michigan Illinois, California, Nationally.<br /> " Investigating individual and community contexts for investigation of family food decision making systems and for evaluating intervention strategies in New York State.<br /> " Monitoring decisions by families and individuals in attitudes and behaviors about fruits and vegetables and increased use of local foods, New York.<br /> " Positive correlations between presence of fast food and convenience stores and BMI in 9th grade students, Michigan. <br /> " Surveying consumer perceptions of food safety in Pennsylvania.<br /> " Homeless populations and hunger, Minnesota.<br /> " Women and awareness of food costs determining shopping and eating habits, Minnesota.<br /> " Project investigators are collaborating with researchers at Weill Medical College, Cornell, New York, to develop new behavioral interventions to prevent obesity, funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute<br /> <br /> Outputs: 20 journal articles and book chapters. <br /> <br />

Publications

Allen, P. and H. Melcrarek. 2009. Organic agriculture and food security: Saving the environment, feeding the world? In Ecology in Organic Farming Systems edited by C. Francis. American Society of Agrononmy.<br /> <br /> Allen P. 2009. Roots and roles of alternative agrifood systems. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide: Society, Culture and Ethics. Vol. 2. edited by L. Walter. Praeger.<br /> <br /> Blake C, C. Devine, E. Wethington, M. Jastran, T. Farrell, C. Bisogni. 2009. Employed parents' satisfaction with food choice coping strategies: influence of gender and structure. Appetite 52(3):711-719.<br /> <br /> Bustillos, B., J. Sharkey, J. Anding, and A. McIntosh. 2009. Availability of Healthier Foods in Traditional, Convenience, and Non-Traditional Types of Food Stores in Two Rural Texas Counties. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109 (May).<br /> <br /> Damman,K. W., K. Wigg, and C. Smith. 2009. Factors affecting low-income women's food choices and the perceived impact of dietary intake and socioeconomic status on their health and weight. Journal of Nutrition and Behavior 41.<br /> <br /> Gillespie, A. H. and W. Johnson-Askew. 2009. Changing family food and eating practices: The Family Food Decision-making System. Annals of Behavioral Medicine.<br /> <br /> Flora, C. B. and A. H. Gillespie. 2009. Making healthy choices to reduce childhood obesity: Community capitals and food and fitness. Community Development 40. <br /> <br /> Herrejon, K., J. L. Hartke, J. Scherer, and K. Chapman-Novakofski. The creation and impact evaluation of Your Guide to Diet and Diabetes, an interactive web-based diabetes tutorial. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 2009; 11(3):1-9.;<br /> <br /> Howard, P. H. 2009. Organic industry structure. Journal of New Media Caucus 5.<br /> <br /> Howard, P. H. 2009. Visualizing consolidation in the global seed industry: 1996-2008. Southern Rural Sociology 24.<br /> <br /> Howard, P.H. 2009. Consolidation in the North American organic food processing sector, 1997 to 2007. International Journal of Sociology of Food and Agriculture 16. <br /> <br /> Jastran M, C. Bisogni, C. Blake, J. Sobal, C. Devine. 2009. Eating routines: Embedded, value based, modifiable, reflective. Appetite. 52:127-136.; <br /> <br /> C. Devine, T. Farrell, C. Blake, M. Jastran, C. Bisogni, E. Wethington. 2009. Work conditions and the food choice coping strategies for employed parents. Journal of Nutrition, Education and Behavior. 41(5):365-370.<br /> <br /> McIntosh, W. A. and others. 2009. The American Family Meal. In The Meal: Science and Practice. Edited by H. Meislemann. Woodhead Press.<br /> <br /> Moore, R. 2009. Integrating the social and natural sciences in the Sugar Creek Method. In Sustainable Agroecosystem Management: Integrating Ecology, Economics, and Society. P. Bohlen and G. House. CRC Press.<br /> <br /> <br /> Porter, S., K. Chapman-Novakofski, J. Scherer. Web-based diabetes education tailored to Hispanics. J Nutr Educ Behav 41(5):374-376, 2009.<br /> <br /> Smith, C. A. Klosterbuer, and A. S. Levine. 2009. Military experience strongly influences post-service eating behavior and BMI status in American veterins. Appetite 52.<br /> <br /> Sobal J and C. Bisogni . Dec 2009. "Constructing food choice decisions." Ann Behav Med. 38 Suppl 1:S37-46.<br /> <br /> Sobal, J. and W. A. McIntosh. 2009. Globalization and obesity. In Globalization of Food. Edited by D. Inglis and D. Gimlin. Berg.<br /> <br /> Wethington, Elaine and Wendy L. Johnson-Askew. 2009. Contributions of the Life Course Perspective to Research on Food Decision-making. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 38(Suppl. 1):S74-S80.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Provided information to 311 children and their parents regarding the childrens diet and nutrition. Data and interpretation of data regarding intake of various nutrients was provided along with information regarding body composition (e.g., BMI, waist circumference).
2. Provided information to 35 low-income mothers regarding healthy food choices for family meals.
3. Developed methods and tools for Collaborative Engaged Research which were presented at an NIH-sponsored conference on Enhancing Communication for Cross-Disciplinary Research. In addition these materials are now available on a website

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Allen, Patricia University of California at Santa Cruz; Jussame, Raymond Washington State University; Howard, Phillip Michigan State University; Edmonds, Christopher University of Hawaii-Manoa; Rikoon, Sandy University of Missouri; Gillespie, Ardyth Cornell University; Chapman-Novakofski, Karen University of Illinois-Urbana Campaign; Smith. Chery University of Minnesota; Fulcroft, Brian University of California; Middendorf, Gerad Kansas State University; Wang, CY South Dakota University

Brief Summary of Minutes

After a brief discussion of the new NIFA organization with in USDA and the process for renewing our project (NC 1033), each project member discussed her/his accomplishments over the past year (see accomplishment section). The next item of business was a discussion of next steps for getting the book project to the next stage of production. Two meetings ago a book project was proposed and committee members committed to writing chapters. Over time some members dropped off the project and others did not produce their chapters. At present we have drafts or near drafts of six chapters. It was mentioned that we had been offered a book contract from NOVA. After further discussion, it was decided to hold a conference at which these papers and others would be presented. The papers would be assessed by an appointed editorial advisory board, and those papers that passed muster (with editorial changes) would be invited to participate in the book project. The discussion then turned to the process of renewing NC 1033.

The next order of business was to begin to plan for the writing of a proposal to renew NC 1033. The discussion included not only new directions for the project (e.g., tying household food decisions to decisions made by those controlling significant food resources in the local food environment) but also continuities to the previous project (e.g., the connection between household characteristics and obesity in household members). It was also suggested that in addition to standard research, that various forms of so-called participatory research become a part of the next project.

Next to last was a discussion of where to hold next year's meeting. It was decided to meet in Washington, DC in order for the project members to present research ideas to potential research funders such as USDA and NIH. The tentative dates for the meeting are October 13-14.

Last order of business: Patricia Allen agreed to remain as chair of the project; Ray Jussame as vice-chair and McIntosh as secretary.

Accomplishments

Members from Minnesota and Iowa found that physical and social environmental factors lead to constraints on access to food by rural residents. <br /> <br /> Research by the project's Minnesota member found that among homeless children, fifty-five percent of the children reported not enough food in the house and 25% reported going to bed hungry. Youth had inadequate intakes of vitamin D, calcium, and potassium and the majority consumed less than the estimated average requirements (EAR) for vitamins A, C, and E, phosphorus, folate, and zinc. Fruits, vegetables, and dairy were also consumed below recommended levels. Forty-five percent of boys and 50% of girls were at risk-for-overweight or were overweight. Overeating, eating anything, eating disliked foods, and eating at the homes of family and friends were identified as strategies to cope with food insecurity. <br /> <br /> The Michigan project member engaged youth in food environment research in order to not only understand how youth perceive their food environments but also to teach them how to examine this environment more critically. <br /> <br /> In rural counties of Texas, the Texas project representative and colleagues found that non-traditional food outlets such as convenience stores and fast food establishments were more prevalent than grocery stores; however, the variety of healthy food choices was greater in grocery stores and fast food establishments had a greater number of these than convenience stores. Other research in Texas found that children skipped breakfast less than previous research had suggested; furthermore, eating breakfast, particularly when one or more parents was present was associated with a greater number of servings from the bread/cereals and fruit/fruit juice food groups. From this same study came the finding that children spent more time in fast food restaurants the more time their fathers spent in such food outlets. <br /> <br /> A project member in Missouri developed a Missouri Hunger Atlas, based on 25 county-level indicators, which will serve as a model during the present development of a National Hunger Atlas. <br /> <br /> The project member representing Oklahoma has conducted research among Native Americans, finding that social marketing campaigns that focus on nutrition will have to address entire families and include culturally relevant and economically sensible messages.

Publications

Allen, P. 2010. Realizing Justice in Local Food Systems. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 3 (2): 295-308. <br /> <br /> <br /> Allen, P. and Howard, P. 2010. Beyond organic and Fair Trade? An Analysis of Ecolabel Preferences in the United States. Rural Sociology 75 (2): 244-269.<br /> <br /> <br /> Goldsberry, Kirk, Chris S. Duvall, Philip H. Howard & Joshua E. Stevens.<br /> 2010. Visualizing Nutritional Terrain: A Geospatial Analysis of Pedestrian<br /> Produce Accessibility in Lansing, Michigan, USA. Geocarto International,<br /> 25(9), 485-499.<br /> <br /> <br /> McIntosh, Wm. Alex. 2010. "Writing the Food Studies Movement: A Commentary." Food, Culture, and Society 13(2):169-179. <br /> <br /> <br /> Jie-sheng, Jan, William A. McIntosh, Wesley Dean, and Morgan Scott. 2010. The Relationship between Moral Obligations to Others and Others Influence in Decisions to Utilize Antibiotics in Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Rural Social Science 25(2).<br /> <br /> <br /> Johnson, Cassandra, Joseph R. Sharkey, Wm. Alex McIntosh, and Wesley R. Dean. 2010. Im the Momma: Using Photovoice to Understand Matrilineal Influence on Family Food Choice. BMC  Womens Health. 10:21. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/10/21<br /> <br /> <br /> Nault, Katherine, Margaret Fitzpatrick & Philip H. Howard. 2010. Engaging<br /> Youth in Food Environments Research: The Role of Participation. Journal of<br /> Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 5(2), 174-190.<br /> <br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H. 2009. Visualizing Food System Concentration and<br /> Consolidation. Southern Rural Sociology, 24(2), 87-110.<br /> <br /> <br /> Howard, Philip H. and Brian Fulfrost. 2007. The Density of Retail Food<br /> Outlets in the Central Coast Region of California: Associations with Income<br /> and Latino Ethnic Composition. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition,<br /> 2(4), 3-18.<br /> <br /> <br /> Damman KW, Smith C. Food-related Environmental, Behavioral, and Personal Factors Associated with Body Mass Index among Urban, Low-income, African American, American Indian, and Caucasian Women. 2010. Am J Health Promotion.<br /> <br /> Richards R, Smith C. Investigation of the hunger-obesity paradigm among shelter-based homeless women living in Minnesota. J Hunger Environmental Nutrition, 2010; 5(3):339-359.<br /> <br /> Dammann KW, Smith C. Race, homelessness, and other environmental factors associated with the food purchasing behavior of low-income women in Minnesota. J Am Diet Assoc, 2010;110(9):1351-1356.<br /> <br /> Franzen L, Smith C. Food System Access, Shopping Behavior, and Influences on Purchasing Groceries in Adult Hmong. Am J Health Promotion. Am J Health Promotion, 2010; 24 (6):396-409.<br /> <br /> Smith C, Butterfass J, Rickelle R. Environment influences food access and resulting shopping and dietary behaviors among homeless Minnesotans. Ag and Human Values, 2010; 27(2):141-161. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Wright, Wynne and Gerad Middendorf (eds.). 2008. The Fight Over Food: Producers, Consumers, and Activists Challenge the Global Food System. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. In Texas 300 families were counseled in terms of their childrens food intake and risk of obesity.
2. In Texas 34 low-income families have been given lessons in shopping for healthy food on a limited budget.
3. In Michigan, 9 African American youth were trained in methods of assessing local food environments including assessing availability and cost of healthy foods.
4. In Missouri, the development of a 25-county level inventory of food insecurity and mitigation is being used to in the development of a National Hunger Atlas.

Back to top