Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/11/2007] [08/04/2008] [08/11/2009] [08/17/2010] [06/29/2011]

Report Information

Participants

See attached minutes for attendees.

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached minutes.

Accomplishments

The meeting was well-attended. The Lawn Problem Solver http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/lawn_problem_solver/ is operational and improvements are being made. Existing cooperative projects were reviewed and new projects discussed. Ten publications were produced in 2007.

Publications

See publications list in attached minutes.

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

See attached meeting minutes.

Brief Summary of Minutes

The 2008 meeting was hosted by the Ohio State University from 16-18 June. The meeting focused on reviewing current research projects, developing new research projects, and reviewing state activities. The complete meeting minutes are attached.

Accomplishments

NCERA-192 Website has been updated (www.ksuturf.com/NCERA192/main.htm).<br /> <br /> Illinois Soil N Test Regional Project has been developed for 2008-2009.<br /> <br /> Commercial Creeping Bentgrass Demonstration Trial has been developed for 2008-2011.<br /> <br /> LIST (Low Input Sustainable Turfgrass) Research is on-going with 11 locations.<br /> <br /> NC IPMC Grant  grant submitted by Eric Watkins, Univ. of Minnesota. Grant was not funded.<br /> <br /> The Lawn Problem Solver is operational and improvements have been made with the addition of several new pages and links. (www.ksuturf.com/Lawn_Problem_Solver_Site/index.htm)<br /> <br /> Talks were delivered at Turfgrass Producers International Meetings in Wisconsin to 1100 people from 3 continents.<br /> <br /> National Turfgrass Evaluation Program testing is on-going at numerous locations.<br /> <br /> Univ. of Minnesota is participating in the Turfgrass Umbrella Project to assess nutrient and pesticide runoff from turfgrass. <br /> <br /> Impact Statement was updated. <br /> <br />

Publications

See attachment for a list of publications.

Impact Statements

1. NCERA192 has made considerable progress in reducing turfgrass water requirements, producing alternative pest control methods, developing low maintenance turfgrasses and utilizing remote sensing to increase precision.
2. The committee has identified turfgrass cultivars and species that are more sustainable with low management inputs, such as tall fescue, hard fescue, and colonial bentgrass.
3. The committee has bred cultivars of buffalograss and tall fescue that are adaptable to lower maintenance.
4. A major component of our outreach program provides best management practices to professional turf managers as well as homeowners.
5. The committee developed new technology; e.g. use of corn gluten meal as a natural fertilizer and pre-emergence herbicide.

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Report Information

Participants

Gardner, David*, Street, John, Danneberger, Karl-Ohio State Univ.; Reicher, Zachary*, Weisenberger, Daniel-Purdue Univ.; Frank, Kevin*, Calhoun, Ronald, Rieke, Paul, Cookingham, Peter, Steinke, Kurt, Rogers, Trey, Hathaway, Aaron, Kowalewski, Alec, Crum, James, Dykema, Nancy, Giordano, Paul, Bryan, Jeff, Lee, S.K., Nikolai, Thom, Collins, Mark, Gilstrap, David, Lange, Suzanne-Michigan State Univ.; Soldat, Doug*, Stier, John, Verbeten, Rebekah-Univ. Wisconsin-Madison; Settle, Derek, Rincker, Keith, DeVrise, Nick-Chicago District Golf Association (invited); absent-Univ. Illinois; Diesburg, Ken-Southern Illinois Univ.; Horgan, Brian*, Ascerno, Mark-Univ. Minnesota; Christians, Nick*, Fei, Shui-zhang, Dong, Jiangli-Iowa State Univ.; Xiong, Xi-Univ. Missouri; Li, Deying*, Zhang, Qi, Zuk, Alan-North Dakota State Univ.; absent-South Dakota State Univ.; Gaussoin, Roch*, Riordan, Terry, Abeyo, Bekele, D'Serba, Desalegn-Univ. Nebraska; St. John*, Rodney, Fry, Jack, Bremer Dale, Lewis, Jason, Goldsby, Tony, Okeyo, David, Obasa, Ken, Domenghini, Cody, Thompson, Cole-Kansas State Univ.

The roster of full contact information is at www.ksuturf.com/NCERA192/main.htm maintained by Rodney St. John

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Short-term outcomes and outputs: A Growing Degree Day Tracker program, using summarizing environmental and pest data from three states (Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana), is gaining use throughout the region. It can now make 5-day predictions of turf conditions, and users are able to determine pest/weed management options based on the product, thereby increasing efficiency of pest control product usage.<br /> Outputs: 21 peer-reviewed manuscripts, and 3 book chapters, were published in the past 12 months involving inter-state authors from the project.<br /> Activities: Multiple researchers from various states involved in the NCERA 192 project collectively participated and responded to proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules for the Water Sense Initiative, which seeks to increase water efficiency across multiple purposes including turfgrass management.<br /> Activities: Field days were held by Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana (Purdue), Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska to show new grasses, products, and management techniques to turfgrass professionals. The same state universities, including both Univ Illinois and Southern Illinois Univ., held winter turf conferences to discuss and show data on new turf management techniques, research methodology, and environmental impact of turf management. Partners included groups such as the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America and numerous state organizations.<br /> Milestones: The group developed and planted creeping bentgrass cultivar trials at 10 locations in 9 states, for putting green and fairway situations. The trials were done to replace formerly-funded trials from the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program which, due to economic conditions, was unable to fund trials. The cultivar trials are used routinely by golf course superintendents, architects, and landscapers for determining which grasses to plant in their region. Gardner, Horgan and Horvath published the first manuscript of its type describing use of an amino N test for determining soil N status in turf management. Data from the most recent (2007) Low Input Sustainable Turf project, present in multiple states, were presented at the 2008 international Crop Science Society conference in Houston, TX.

Publications

21 refereed manuscripts involving authors from multiple states from the project were published in the past 12 months, along with 3 book chapters.

Impact Statements

1. In accord with expected outcome #2 "Development of technical standards for turf fertilization", technical standards for turf fertilization were adopted by the Wisconsin Dept Natural Resources in 2007-2008 using input from group members. Group members developed a website and held training sessions for turf managers at multiple Wisconsin locations, providing hands-on training for several hundred individuals and untold numbers via website instructions and extension of training to other persons from the persons who attended the training sessions.
2. In accord with expected outcome #6, "Identify turf cultivars which require reduced maintenance and labor cost", the Low Input Sustainable Turf trials planted in 2007 have been shown and discussed at field days. At least one Foundation dedicated to sustainability took photos of the plots in August 2009. Data from an earlier set of sustainable turf plots were presented at the November 2008 Agronomy/Crop Science/Soil Science of America conference in Houston, TX.
3. In accord with expected outcome #7, to provide end users with access to best management practices and recommendations for turf management and pest control, numerous field days and presentations at trade show conferences have relayed information from a multitute of research and extension projects to turf professionals, homeowners, and regulators. A number of peer-reviewed (21)and trade journal articles have been published in the past year.
4. In accord with expected outcome #8, "Identify invasive potential of turfgrasses into natural areas", a Master&lsquo;s thesis was produced in 2009 and two manuscripts from it have been accepted for publication; a third is in progress. Two presentations of data from invasive grasses were given at the November 2008 Agronomy/Crop Science/Soil Science of America conference in Houston, TX. The data have been shared with the state of Wisconsin DNR as they develop their invasive species lists and with a private seed company seeking to develop new grasses which will need USDA approval.

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Report Information

Participants

* denotes University representative
Ohio State: David Gardner*
Purdue University: Cale Bigelow*
Michigan State: (absent)
Wisconsin: Doug Soldat*, Jim Kerns
Chicago District Golf Association (CDGA)(invited): Derek Settle
Univ. of Illinois: (absent)
Southern Illinois University: Ken Diesburg* Shannon Watson
Minnesota: (absent)
Iowa State Univ.: Nick Christians*, Shui-Zhang Fei,
Missouri: Xi Xiong* Lee Miller, Brad Fresenburg
North Dakota State: Deying Li*, Yang Gao
South Dakota State: (absent)
Nebraska: Zac Reicher*, Terry Riordan
Kansas State: Rodney St. John*
Advisor: John Stier
The roster of full contact information is at www.ksuturf.com/NCERA192/main.htm maintained by Rodney St. John, additions/deletions and/or changes in contact information should be directed to Dr. St. John (rstjohn@ksu.edu)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Discussion focused on how members have met current objectives. Numerous projects and publications addressing the 3 sets of objectives were developed in the past 12 months.

The need for a final report was discussed, along with possible objectives for a renewed/new proposal to begin in autumn 2011. Persons were identified for writing the annual and final reports, also the new proposal.

Accomplishments

Outcomes: 1) Information provided to Wisconsin Dept Natural Resources was used to inform the development of a new invasive species rule which went into effect autumn 2009 (objective 1). 2) Information provided to US EPA on turfgrass and water use helped inform the development of the US EPA Water Sense Initiative in 2009-10: the minutes contain a weblink to a response from EPA documenting the impact (http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/home_finalspec508.pdf). Specifically, scientific input caused the creation of section 4.1.1.1 which promulgates the use of a water budget tool rather than merely restricting lawn size. Section 4.1.2 now states slopes need to be vegetated rather than "no turf".<br /> Outputs: 20 refereed publications addressed NCERA-192 objectives, 2 met Obj. 1, 8 met Obj. 2, and 10 met Obj. 3. <br /> Activities: One multistate experiment to evaluate low input sustainable grass species was concluded, two other multistate experiments to evaluate bentgrass varieties for golf course fairway and putting green use entered their second year.<br /> Milestones: Milestones are seen as possible goals for which to strive. 1) To determine survival and invasiveness of turfgrasses into natural areas, 2) To develop a soil N test to guide N applications, 3) Develop/update best management programs for urban grasslands and turfed recreational areas that are adopted

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Competitive, multi-state participation grant for development of low input alternative grass species (Obj 2): Watkins, E., C. Yue, J. Kerns, B. Horgan,and M. Meyer. 2009-11. Alternative turfgrass species as a pest management strategy. USDA Pest Management Alternatives. $179,494.
2. Information provided to Wisconsin Dept Natural Resources was used to inform the development of a new invasive species rule which went into effect autumn 2009 (objective 1).
3. Information provided to US EPA on turfgrass and water use helped inform the development of the US EPA Water Sense Initiative in 2009-10: the minutes contain a weblink to a response from EPA documenting the impact (http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/home_finalspec508.pdf). Specifically, scientific input caused the creation of section 4.1.1.1 which promulgates the use of a water budget tool rather than merely restricting lawn size. Section 4.1.2 now states slopes need to be vegetated rather than "no turf".

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Report Information

Participants

St. John, Rodney-Kansas State Univ.
Reicher, Zachary-Univ. Nebraska
Amundsen, Keenan-Univ. Nebraska
Zhang, Qi-North Dakota State Univ.
Li, Deying-North Dakota State Univ.
Horgan, Brian-Univ. Minnesota
Fei, Shui-Zhang-Iowa State Univ.
Xiong, Xe-Univ. Missouri
Diesburg, Kenneth-Southern Illinois Univ.
Settle, Derek-Chicago District Golf Club
Soldat, Doug-Univ. Wisconsin-Madison
Stier, John-Univ. Wisconsin-Madison (Acad. Ad.)
Frank, Kevin-Michigan State Univ.
Bigelow, Cale-Purdue Univ.

Brief Summary of Minutes

June 9
8-9 am: Welcome and organizational items were discussed
9am-noon: Updates on research relevant to goals were discussed as follows, with leader in parentheses
Breeding (Kopec)-discussed low water use grasses including salt grass
Fertilization/soils (Soldat)-discussed how nutrient runoff research is being used for regulations, low temperature nitrogen uptake, and status of using amino N assay for guiding nitrogen applications
Water (Kopp)-discussed extension and research efforts to develop water use information by different grasses and extension efforts to get the information to the public and regulatory agencies. Big issues in Western U.S., but growing in rest of country.
Noon-6 pm: Took bus to Broncos training facility and Mile High Stadium where Ross Kurcab (manager) explained GrassMaster system, then to Colorado Rapids Soccer complex.
June 10
8-10 am. One-hour discussion on how group was addressing research/extension topics continued.
Pest Management (Reicher)-New herbicide Imprelis starting to become implicated in numerous instances of landscaping (conifer) tree damage throughout U.S., reviewed data and how to handle complaints, assist clientele, etc.
Carbon sequestration (Qiang)-Several members becoming more involved with investigating C sequestration by turfgrasses. Reviewed status of projects and shared methodologies.
10am-12pm. Discussed end of current NCERA 192 project. Zac Reicher volunteered to develop material for final report. Interest in renewed project (NCERA Temp 211) seems very high, drawing people in from outside the North Central Region. Discussed joint meeitng with WERA 11 next year and also with the southern region--turfgrass seed production area in NW U.S. desirable location for informational purposes. Discussed having Cale Bigelow (Purdue) or Zac Reicher (Nebraska) act as secretary for next year, with conclusion that Dr. Reicher would do it. Meeting concluded with box lunch at noon.

Accomplishments

Short term outcomes:<br /> "Information provided to Wisconsin Dept Natural Resources was used to inform the development of a new invasive species rule which went into effect autumn 2009 (Objective 1). <br /> "Information provided to US EPA on turfgrass and water use helped inform the development of the US EPA Water Sense Initiative in 2009-10: the minutes contain a weblink to a response from EPA documenting the impact (http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/home_finalspec508.pdf). Specifically, scientific input caused the creation of section 4.1.1.1 which promulgates the use of a water budget tool rather than merely restricting lawn size. Section 4.1.2 now states slopes need to be vegetated rather than "no turf". (Objective 2).<br /> <br /> Outputs <br /> "The Lawn Problem Solver at links. (www.ksuturf.com/Lawn_Problem_Solver_Site/index.htm) (Objective 3)<br /> "NCERA-192 Website has been updated (www.ksuturf.com/NCERA192/main.htm) (Objective 3)<br /> "Talks were delivered at Turfgrass Producers International Meetings in Wisconsin to 1100 people from 3 continents (Objective 3)<br /> "Growing Degree Day Tracker Program, using summarizing environmental and pest data from three states (Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana), is gaining use throughout the region. It can now make 5-day predictions of turf conditions, and users are able to determine pest/weed management options based on the product, thereby increasing efficiency of pest control product usage (Objective 3). <br /> <br /> Activities<br /> "Developed the Illinois Soil N Test Regional Project, 2008-2009 (Objective 1, 2 and 3).<br /> "Developed the Commercial Creeping Bentgrass Demonstration Trial for 2008-2011 (Objective 3).<br /> " Developed Low Input Sustainable Turfgrass Research with 11 locations (Objective 2).<br /> "Univ. of Minnesota is participating in the Turfgrass Umbrella Project to assess nutrient and pesticide runoff from turfgrass (Objective 1 and 3).<br /> "Multiple researchers from various states involved in the NCERA 192 project collectively participated and responded to proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules for the Water Sense Initiative, which seeks to increase water efficiency across multiple purposes including turfgrass management (Objective 2).<br /> "Field days were held by Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana (Purdue), Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska to show new grasses, products, and management techniques to turfgrass professionals (Objective 3). <br /> "The same state universities, including both Univ Illinois and Southern Illinois Univ., held winter turf conferences to discuss and show data on new turf management techniques, research methodology, and environmental impact of turf management. Partners included groups such as the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America and numerous state organizations (Objective 3). <br />

Publications

Refereed publications<br /> <br /> 1. Abeyo B.G., R. C. Shearman, R. E. Gaussoin, L. A. Wit and D. D. Serba. 2009. Blue fescue overseeding improves performance of fairway height buffalograsses. HortScience 44: 1444-1446. (Objective 2)<br /> 2. Acuna, A.A., D. S. Gardner, and T. K. Danneberger. 2009. A bioassay technique to measure preemergence herbicide activity in turfgrass. Int. Turf Soc. Res. J. 11:293-297. (Objective 3) <br /> 3. Alumai, A., S.O. Salminen, D.S. Richmond, J. Cardina and P.S. Grewal. 2009. Comparative evaluation of aesthetic, biological, and economic effectiveness of different lawn management programs. Urban Ecosystems 12: 127-144. (Objective 2)<br /> 4. Blume, C., S. Fei, J. Stier, and N. Christians. 2008. Competitiveness of genetically-modified Kentucky bluegrass in mowed turf. Acta Hort 783:357-370. (Objective 1)<br /> 5. Blume, C.J., N.E. Christians, and Y.K. Joo. 2009. Nitrogen release timing of organic fertilizers applied to turf. Intern. Turfgrass Res. J. Vol. 11:957-966. (Objective 3)<br /> 6. Blume, C.J., N.E. Christians, and Y.K. Joo. 2009. Nitrogen release timing of organic fertilizers applied to turf. International Turfgrass Journal. 11:957-966. (Objective 3)<br /> 7. Blume, C.J., S. Fie, N.E. Christians, and J.C. Stier. 2008. Field evaluation of reduced-growth, Roundup ready Kentucky bluegrass in competitive stands of turf. Proc. Of the Sec. Inter. Conf. on Turfgrass Sci. and Mgt. for Sports Fields. Acta Horticulturae 783:357-370. (Objective 3)<br /> 8. Bornino, B. F, C. A. Bigelow and Z. J. Reicher. 2010. Strategy and rate affects success of perennial ryegrass overseeding into bermudagrass athletic fields located on the north edge of the transition zone. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2010-0126-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 9. Butler, Tim, Frank, Kevin W., Bryan, Jeff. 2009. Turfgrass development as influenced by phosphate and phosphite nutrient applications. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11 979-986. (Objective 3)<br /> 10. Caceres, V.A., C.A. Bigelow and D.S. Richmond. 2010. Aesthetic and economic trade-offs associated with four different lawn management programs. Hort. Technology 20: 418-426. (Objective 3)<br /> 11. Carstens, J., T. Heng-Moss, F Baxendale, R. Gaussoin, K. Frank, and L. Young. 2007. Influence of buffalograss management practices on the chinch bug, Blissus Occiduus barber, and its beneficial arthropods. J. Economic Entomology. 100(1):136-147. (Objective 2)<br /> 12. Casler, M., G. Jung, S. Bughrara, A. Hamblin, C. Williamson, and T. Voigt. 2006. Development of creeping bentgrass with resistance to snow mold and dollar spot . USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online. September 15. 5(18):1-10. (Objective 2)<br /> 13. Chunzhen Zhang, Shui-zhang Fei, Rajeev Arora, David J. Hannapel. 2009. Ice recrystallization inhibition proteins of perennial ryegrass enhance freezing tolerance Planta. DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1163-4. (Objective 3)<br /> 14. Clark, M.D., and E. Watkins. 2010. Seed production characteristics of prairie junegrass germplasm accessions. Crop Science 50:1057-1065. (Objective 2)<br /> 15. Deying Li, David D. Minner, and Nick E. Christians. 2007. Managing isolated dry spot by topdressing inorganic amendments on a sloped golf green. Acta Horticulturae. in press. (Objective 3)<br /> 16. Ellram, A., B.P. Horgan, B. Hulke. 2007. Mowing and dew removal to minimize dollar spot on creeping bentgrass. Crop Science 47:2129-2137 (Objective 3)<br /> 17. Gardner, D.S., B.P. Horgan, and B.J. Horvath. 2008. Spatial variability of the Illinois soil nitrogen test: Implications for sampling in a turfgrass system. Crop Sci. 48:2421-2428. (Objective 3)<br /> 18. Garrison, M.A., J.C. Stier, J.N. Rogers, and A.R. Kowalewski. 2009. Cool-season turfgrass survival on two former golf courses in Michigan. Invasive Plant Sci. Manage. 2:396-403 (Objective 1)<br /> 19. Gaussoin, Roch, Frank, Kevin W., Butler, Tim, Liu, Haibo, Baldwin, C., Sarvis, W. 2009. Foliar uptake of nutrients applied in solution to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), Annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans (Hausskn.) Timm) and ultra-dwarf berdmudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy). Proceedings International Plant Nutrition Colloquium Paper 1396. (Objective 3)<br /> 20. Hooks, T., J. F. Pedersen, D. B. Marx, and R, E. Gaussoin 2007. Changing the support of a spatial covariate: A simulation study. Crop Sci. 47: 622-626. (Objective 3)<br /> 21. Ingram, M., J. Stier, and E. Bird. 2008. Relax! Its just a dandelion: Perceived benefits and barriers to urban Integrated Pest Management. J. Extension [On-line], 46(1). Available at http://www.joe.org/joe/2008february/a4.shtml (Objective 3<br /> 22. Jiang, Y., E. Watkins, S. Liu, X. Yu, and N. Luo. 2010. Antioxidative responses and candidate gene expression in prairie junegrass under drought stress. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 135: 303-309. (Objective 2)<br /> 23. Jones, M.A. Christians, N.E. Weisenberger, D. Reicher, Z.J. 2008. Selective removal of creeping bentgrass from Kentucky bluegrass with sulfosulfuron. HortScience. 43(3) p. 919-921. (Objective 3)<br /> 24. Kennelly, M., D. Settle, J. Fry, T. Todd. 2010. Moss control on creeping bentgrass putting greens managed using standard and alternative approaches. Hort Sci. 45:654-659. (Objective 2)<br /> 25. Kerns, J.P., P.L. Koch, D. Cook, B.P. Horgan and F.P. Wong. 2010. First report of brown patch caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa annua in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Plant Disease. Vol. 94, No. 9:1165. (Objective 3)<br /> 26. Lewis, J.D., Gaussoin, R.E., Shearman, R.C. and Giesler, L.J. 2007. Golf course putting green rootzone and establishment effects on pythium foliar blight on creeping bentgrass. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-207-0806-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 27. Li, D., D.D. Minner, N.E. Christians. 2007. Managing isolated dry spot by topdressing inorganic amendments on a sloped golf green. Acta Horticulturae 783:341-348. (Objective 3)<br /> 28. Li, D., David D. Minner, and Nick E. Christians. 2009. Evaluation of factors contribution to surface stability on sand-based turf. Agron. J. 101(5):1160-1167. (Objective 3)<br /> 29. Liu, S., and Y. Jiang. 2010. Identification of differentially expressed genes under drought stress in perennial ryegrass. Physiol. Plant. 139(4):p. 375-387. (Objective 2<br /> 30. Lloyd, D.T., S. Bauer, B.P. Horgan and D.J. Soldat. 2011. Fate of fall-applied nitrogen fertilizer to cool-season turfgrasses: A review. Crop Sci. 51:xxx-xxx((Accepted) Objective 3)<br /> 31. McClellan, T.A., R.C. Shearman, R.E. Gaussoin, M. Mamo, C. S. Wortmann, G.L. Horst, and D.B. Marx. 2007. Nutrient and chemical characterization of aging golf course putting greens: Establishment and rootzone mixture treatment effects. Crop Science. 47:193-199. (Objective 3)<br /> 32. Morton, D. E., Weisenberger, D. V., and Reicher, Z. J. 2009. Response of eight cultivars of roughstalk bluegrass to bispyribac or sulfosulfuron. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2009-0831-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 33. Morton, D., D. Weisenberger, Z. Reicher, B. Branham, B. Sharp, R. Gaussoin, J. Stier, and E. Koeritz. 2007. Evaluating bispyribac-sodium and sulfosulfuron for control of roughstalk bluegrass. HortScience 42(7):1710-1714. (Objective 3<br /> 34. Patton, A.J. and Z.J. Reicher. 2011. Basic Training: A one-day education module for new clientele in the turf industry. Journal of Extension. In press. (Objective 3)<br /> 35. Patton, A.J., M.D. Richardson, D.E. Karcher, J.W. Boyd, Z.J. Reicher, J.D. Fry, J.S. McElroy, and G.C. Munshaw. 2008. A guide to establishing seeded bermudagrass in the transition zone. [Online]. Applied. Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2008-0122-01-MD. (Objective 3)<br /> 36. Pease, B., J. Stier, A. Hollman, and B. Horgan. 2011. Nitrogen fertility for establishment of velvet and creeping bentgrass fairways and tees. Online. Appl. Turfgrass Sci. doi: 10.1094/ATS-2011-0517-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 37. Petrovic, A.M., J. Gruttadaurio, E.Z. Harrison, and D.J. Soldat. 2011. Influence of site conditions on soil responses to manure-based compost applications on athletic fields. Acta Horticulturae. (Accepted) (Objective 1)<br /> 38. Reicher, Z. J., D. V. Weisenberger, D. E. Morton, B. E Branham, and W. G. and Sharp. 2011. Fall applications of mesotrione for annual bluegrass control in Kentucky bluegrass. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2011-0325-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 39. Richmond, D.S. and C.A. Bigelow. 2009. Variation in endophyte-plant associations influences interactions between black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Environmental Entomology 38: 996-1004. (Objective 2)<br /> 40. Rutledge, J. M., D. Morton, D. V. Weisenberger and Z. J. Reicher. 2010. Sulfosulfuron and bispyribac-sodium combined with overseeding creeping bentgrass for fairway conversion. Hort. Sci. 2:283-287. (Objective 3)<br /> 41. Rutledge, J. M., Weisenberger, D. V., and Reicher, Z. J. 2009. Effect of sulfosulfuron on Penncross creeping bentgrass seedlings when applied before or after seeding. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2009-0710-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 42. Rutledge, J. M., Z. J. Reicher and D. V. Weisenberger. 2010. Effect of sulfosulfuron or bispyribac-sodium on seedling roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Hort. Sci. 2:288-292. (Objective 3)<br /> 43. Sheng Wang, Qi Zhang, and Eric Watkins. 2011. Evaluation of salinity tolerance of prairie junegrass, a potential low-maintenance turfgrass species. HortScience (in press). (Objective 1)<br /> 44. Sim, S., K. Diesburg, M. Casler, and G. Jung. 2007. Mapping and comparative analysis of QTL for crown rust resistance in an Italian x perennial ryegrass population. Phytopathology 97:6 767-776. (Objective 1)<br /> 45. Soldat, D. J., and Petrovic, A. M. 2007. Soil phosphorus levels and stratification as affected by fertilizer and compost applications. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2007-08XX-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 46. Soldat, D.J., A.M. Petrovic, and J. Barlow. 2011. Turfgrass response to nitrogen sources with varying release rates. Acta Horticulturae. (Accepted). (Objective 3)<br /> 47. Soldat, D.J., and M.A. Petrovic. 2008. The fate and transport of phosphorus in turfgrass ecosystems. Crop Sci. 48:2051-2065. (Objective 1)<br /> 48. St. John, R.A and N.E. Christians. 2010. Special approaches are needed when testing calcareous sands. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2010-0831-01-RS. (Objective 3)<br /> 49. Steinke, K., J.C. Stier, and W.R. Kussow. 2009. Prairie and turfgrass buffer strips modify water infiltration and leachate resulting from impervious surface runoff. Crop Sci. 49:658-670. (Objective 2)<br /> 50. Steinke, K., J.C. Stier, W.R. Kussow, and A. Thompson. 2007. Prairie and turf buffer strips for controlling runoff from paved surfaces. J. Environ. Qual. 36:426-439. (Objective 1<br /> 51. Steinke, K., J.C. Stier, W.R. Kussow, and A. Thompson. 2008. Sediment and nutrient losses from prairie and turfgrass buffer strips during establishment. pp. 151-164. In M. Nett, M.J. Carroll, B.P. Horgan, and A.M. Petrovic (ed.) The fate of nutrients and pesticides in the urban environment. Amer. Chem. Soc. series 997, Washington, D.C. (Objective 1)<br /> 52. Stier, J., and B.P. Horgan. 2009. Sensitivity of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars to bispyribac-sodium herbicide. J. Intl. Turfgrass Res. Soc. 11:1221-1228. (Objective 3)<br /> 53. Stier, J., K. Steinke, J. Schneider, and D. Soldat. 2008. Turf and prairie attenuate water movement and quality similarly in urban environments. Proc. 1st European Turfgrass Society Conf., Pisa, Italy. (Objective 1)<br /> 54. Valverde F.J., D.D. Minner, and D. Li. 2007. Bermudagrass performance when used for temporary cover on intensely trafficked sport fields in temperate climates. Acta Horticulturae 783: (Objective 3)<br /> 55. Voigt, T. B., and Reicher, Z. J. 2009. Selectively controlling escaped fountain grass in cool-season turf. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2009-0720-02-RS. (Objective 1)<br /> 56. Wang, S., Q. Zhang, and E. Watkins. 2011. Evaluation of salinity tolerance of prairie junegrass, a potential low-maintenance turfgrass species. HortScience In press. (Objective 2)<br /> 57. Watkins, E, S. Fei, D. Gardner, J. Stier, S. Bughrara, D. Li, C. Bigelow, L. Schliecher, B. Horgan and K. Diesburg. 2011. Low-input turfgrass species for the North Central United States. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2011-0126-02-RS. (Objective 2)<br /> 58. Watkins, E., A.B. Hollman, and B.P. Horgan. 2010. Evaluation of alternative turfgrass species for low-input golf course fairways. HortScience 45:113-118. (Objective 2)<br />

Impact Statements

1. NCERA192 has made considerable progress in reducing turfgrass water requirements, producing alternative pest control methods, developing low maintenance turfgrasses and utilizing remote sensing to increase precision (Objective 2 and 3).
2. The committee has identified turfgrass cultivars and species that are more sustainable with low management inputs, such as tall fescue, hard fescue, and colonial bentgrass (Objective 2).
3. The committee has bred cultivars of buffalograss and tall fescue that are adaptable to lower maintenance. (Objective 2)
4. The committee developed new technology; e.g. use of corn gluten meal as a natural fertilizer and pre-emergence herbicide (Objective 2).
5. Technical standards for turf fertilization were adopted by the Wisconsin Dept Natural Resources in 2007-2008 using input from group members. Group members developed a website and held training sessions for turf managers at multiple Wisconsin locations, providing hands-on training for several hundred individuals and untold numbers via website instructions and extension of training to other persons from the persons who attended the training sessions (Objective 3).
6. Low Input Sustainable Turf trials planted in 2007 have been shown and discussed at field days. At least one Foundation dedicated to sustainability took photos of the plots in August 2009. Data from an earlier set of sustainable turf plots were presented at the November 2008 Agronomy/Crop Science/Soil Science of America conference in Houston, TX (Objective 2).
7. A Masters thesis was produced in 2009 and two manuscripts from it have been accepted for publication; a third is in progress. Two presentations of data from invasive grasses were given at the November 2008 Agronomy/Crop Science/Soil Science of America conference in Houston, TX. The data have been shared with the state of Wisconsin DNR as they develop their invasive species lists and with a private seed company seeking to develop new grasses which will need USDA approval (Objective 1).
8. Competitive, multi-state participation grant for development of low input alternative grass species: Watkins, E., C. Yue, J. Kerns, B. Horgan,and M. Meyer. 2009-11. Alternative turfgrass species as a pest management strategy. USDA Pest Management Alternatives. $179,494. (Objective 2)
9. Information provided to US EPA on turfgrass and water use helped inform the development of the US EPA Water Sense Initiative in 2009-10: the minutes contain a weblink to a response from EPA documenting the impact (http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/home_finalspec508.pdf). Specifically, scientific input caused the creation of section 4.1.1.1 which promulgates the use of a water budget tool rather than merely restricting lawn size. Section 4.1.2 now states slopes need to be vegetated rather than "no turf" (Objective 2 and 3)

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