Annual/Termination Reports:

[08/18/2006] [08/03/2007] [07/10/2008] [08/28/2009] [10/06/2010]

Report Information

Participants

Stephen N. Wegulo, University of Nebraska, swegulo2@umn.edu;
Charla Hollingsworth, University of Minnesota, holli030@umn.edu;
Jeff Stein, South Dakota State University, jeff.stein@sdstate.edu;
Erik Stromberg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, elstrom@vt.edu;
Ruth Dill-Macky, University of Minnesota, ruthdm@umn.edu;
Sam Markell, University of Arkansas, smarkel@uark.edu;
Pierce A. Paul, The Ohio State University, paul.661@osu.edu;
Tom Allen, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, twallen@ag.tamu.edu;
Erick DeWolf, Pennsylvania State University, edd10@psu.eu;
Marcia McMullen, North Dakota State University, Marcia.Mcmullen@ndsu.edu;
Shaukat Ali, North Dakota State University, shaukat.ali@ndsu.edu;
Stephen Neate, North Dakota State University, stephen.neate@ndsu.edu;
Tika Adhikari, North Dakota State University, tika.adhikari@ndsu.edu;
Bill Bockus, Kansas State University, bockus@ksu.edu;
Gary C. Bergstrom, Cornell University, gcb3@cornell.edu;
Tim Murray, Washington State University, tim_murray@wsu.edu;
Juliet M. Windes, University of Idaho, jwindes@uidaho.edu;
Lee Jackson, University of California - Davis, lfjackson@ucdavis.edu;
Alan Dyer, Montana State University, adyer@montana.edu;
Andrew Hogg, Montana State University, ahogg@montana.edu;
Bill Grey, Montana State University, wgrey@montana.edu;
Jack Riesselman, Montana State University, jhr@montana.edu;
Wendy Lewis, Montana State University, wendylou8@yahoo.com;
Craig Cook, WestBred, ccook@westbred.com;
Greg Fox, WestBred, gfox@westbred.com;
John Davies, WestBred, jdavies@westbred.com;
Tim Friesen, USDA-ARS, Fargo, friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov;
Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, CDL, yuejin@umn.edu;
Marty Draper, SDSU, martin.draper@sdstate.edu;
Julio Molineroz, Pennsylvania State University, jem370@psu.edu;
Bill Beizansky, North Dakota State University, bill.beizousky@ndsu.edu;
Mohamed Mergoum, North Dakota State University, mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.edu;

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual meeting of WERA-97 was held in conjunction with NCERA-184 Fargo, North Dakota from June 12-14 at the Holiday Inn. The WERA-97 business meeting was held on Monday June 12 and consisted of State reports and a discussion future meeting sites. State reports were presented for California, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. Discussion of powdery mildew, loose smut, aerial versus ground application of fungicides, and use of reduced fungicide rates followed the state reports. A social was held in the evening at the home of Marcia McMullen.

The joint general meeting was held during the morning of June 13 and consisted of presentations by Sam Markell on Stripe Rust, Yue Jin on UG99, the new race of Black stem rust, Tika Adhikari on wheat leaf diseases, Tom Allen on Karnal bunt, Alan Dyer on wheat root rots, Stephen Neate on Speckled leaf blotch of barley, Bill Bockus provided an update on the status of the APS Wheat Disease compendium revision, and Erick DeWolf discussed a proposal for a National Wheat Disease Information Network. A field tour of area research plots at the Prosper research farm and local farmer Bill Hejl's Bonanza farm was held in the afternoon. A joint social with the APS Central Division was held in the evening at the Holiday Inn.

The NCERA-184 Business meeting was held in the morning of June 14 to discuss future meeting sites and special topics for discussion in 2007. An invitation was extended by WERA-97 Administrative Advisor Tim Murray for NCERA-184 to meet jointly with WERA-97 in Idaho Falls in 2007 and accepted by Jeff Stein, Chair. The meeting was adjourned at 8:00 am.

There were a total of 32 participants at the meeting representing 15 states. Of these, 29 are from the public sector and 3 are from the private sector. Letters of invitation sent to individuals filling positions on small grain pathology in the western region following the 2005 meeting resulted in three new participants from Idaho, Nebraska, and South Dakota with interest expressed by a newly hired individual in Utah.

Accomplishments

Joint meeting. Although discussed for several years, this year's meeting represents the first formal joint meeting of the western and eastern multi-state research and extension committees for the control of diseases of small cereal grains. As such, communication among scientists in different geographic regions of the country was improved, as well as between established individuals and those in the early stages of their careers. As a result of broad representation present at this meeting, discussion of potential projects to establish a method for distribution of information about small grain diseases nationally were begun.<br /> <br /> 2007 Meeting Site Selection. As a result of the successful interaction at this meeting, participants decided to meet jointly again in 2007 in Idaho Falls, Idaho. This venue will provide the opportunity to visit the USDA Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID and interact with USDA personnel associated with this collection. Discussion of another joint meeting in 2009 in the eastern US also took place, but a decision was postponed until next year.<br /> <br /> Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases. A team of five wheat pathologists (most of who belong to WERA-97 or WERA-184) and one entomologist was assembled in 2005 to coordinate revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. To date about 148 of the 160 revised chapters have been submitted and are in the process of being edited. The entire manuscript will be submitted to APS by November. In addition, the List of Common Names of Wheat Diseases is being revised in conjunction with this project. This collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97 is a significant accomplishment since it has been 18 years since the last edition was published.<br /> <br /> Summary. This group continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members, which is largely composed of public sector scientists but also includes regular participation by members of the private sector. Discussions at this annual meeting help inform its participants of potential new problems, and new approaches to the control of long-established problems. <br />

Publications

Extension & Technical publications;<br /> <br /> Al-Naimi, F.A., K.A. Garrett, and W.W. Bockus. 2005. Competition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens. Oecologia. 143:449-457.<br /> <br /> Anderson, J.A., R.H. Busch, D.V. McVey, J.A. Kolmer, G.L. Linkert, J.V. Wiersma, R. Dill-Macky, J.J. Wiersma, and G.A. Harland. 2005. Registration of "Oklee" wheat. Crop Science. 45:784-785.<br /> <br /> Appel, J.A., J. Stack, R.L. Bowden, and W.W. Bockus. 2005. Preliminary 2005 Kansas Wheat Disease Loss Estimates. Kansas Cooperative Plant Disease Survey Report. http://www.ksda.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=169.<br /> <br /> Appel, J.A., R.L. Bowden, W.W. Bockus, and D. Jardine. 2006. Preliminary 2006 Kansas Wheat Disease Loss Estimates. Kansas Cooperative Plant Disease Survey Report. http://www.ksda.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=169.<br /> <br /> Blechl A., M. Somleva, P. Okubara, and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. New Approaches to overcome Fusarium Head Blight. In: Proceedings of the IWQCIII, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. May 22-26, 2005.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., A.K. Fritz, and T.J. Martin. 2006. Reaction of the 2005 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to Fusarium head blight, 2005. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Report 21:FC002, DOI:10.1094/BC21. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and M.A. Davis. 2006. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2005. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Report 21:FC003, DOI:10.1094/BC21. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W. 2005. Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to barley yellow dwarf, 2005. Biol. Cult. Tests Control Plant Dis. Report 21:FC004, DOI:10.1094/BC21. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W. 2006. Effect of foliar fungicides on Fusarium head blight of winter wheat, 2005. Fung. & Nema. Tests. Report 61:CF012, DOI:10.1094/FN61. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M. 2005. Epidemiology and control of stripe rust on wheat. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27:314-337. <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2006. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2005. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:CF022. <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2006. Control of stripe rust of spring barley with foliar fungicides, 2005. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:CF024. <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2006. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2005. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:CF023. <br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and D.A. Wood. 2006. Reduction of stripe rust severities on spring wheat by seed treatment with fungicides, 2005. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:ST010.<br /> <br /> Chicaiza, O., I.A. Khan, X. Zhang, J.C. Brevis, L. Jackson, X.M. Chen, and J. Dubcovsky. 2006. Registration of five wheat isogenic lines for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes. Crop Sci. 46:485-487. <br /> <br /> Costa, J.M., C.A. Griffey, H.E. Bockelman, S.E. Cambron, X.M. Chen, A. Cooper, C. Gaines, R.A. Graybosch, A. Grybauskas, R.J. Kratochvil, D.L. Long, E. Shirley, and I. Whitcher. 2006. Registration of 'Choptank' Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:474-476. <br /> <br /> Cowger, C., L.D. Wallace, and C.C. Mundt. 2005. Velocity of spread of wheat stripe rust epidemics. Phytopathology. 95:972-982.<br /> <br /> Cox, C.M., K.A. Garrett, and W.W. Bockus. 2005. Meeting the challenge of disease management in perennial grain cropping systems. Ren. Agric. Food Sys. 20:15-24.<br /> <br /> Cox, C.M., K.A. Garrett, T.S. Cox, W.W. Bockus, and T. Peters. 2005. Reactions of perennial grain accessions to four major cereal pathogens of the Great Plains. Plant Dis. 89:1235-1240.<br /> <br /> Dill-Macky, R., B.J. Steffenson, C. Hollingsworth, and K.P. Smith. 2005. Management of barley diseases in the upper Midwest. In: Proceedings of the 35th Barley Improvement Conference. Charlestown, South Carolina, USA, January 11-13, 2005. p. 13-15.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A.T., R. Johnston, A. Hogg, and W. Grey. 2006. Reducing the Impact of Fusarium Crown Rot on Montana's Wheat Production. 2005 Southern Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A., R. Johnston, and K. Kephardt. 2005. Fusarium crown rot trials; spring wheat (Huntley). Montana State University, Field Card.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A., R. Johnston, and K. Kephardt. 2005. Fusarium crown rot trials; durum wheat (Huntley). Montana State University, Field Card.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A., W. Grey, R. Johnston, L. Talbert, and K. Kephardt. 2005. Stripe rust evaluations; spring wheat (Huntley). Montana State University, Field Card.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A., W. Grey, R. Johnston, P. Bruckner, and M. Johnson. 2005. Stripe rust evaluations; winter wheat (Kalispell, Bozeman). Montana State University, Field Card.<br /> <br /> Garvin, D.F. and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Evaluation of wheat lines near-isogenic for diverse Fusarium Head Blight resistance QTLs. In: Proceedings of the 2005 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, December 11-13, 2005. p. 29-30.<br /> <br /> Hayes, P.M., L. Marquez-Cedillo, C.C. Mundt, K. Richardson, and M.I. Vales. 2005. Perspectives on finding and using quantitative disease resistance genes in barley. Proceedings of the Hallauer Symposium on Crop Genetics. Lamkey and Lee, eds. Blackwell, Ames, IA.<br /> <br /> Johnston, R. and A.T. Dyer. 2006. Seed treatment for control of covered smut of spring barley. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:ST023.<br /> <br /> Johnston, R. and A.T. Dyer. 2006. Seed treatment for control of loose smut and stripe of spring barley. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:ST024.<br /> <br /> Johnston, R. and A.T. Dyer. 2006. Role of seed treatment in control of seed-borne common bunt of spring wheat. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:ST025. <br /> <br /> Johnston, R. and A.T. Dyer. 2006. Role of seed treatment in control of seed-borne common bunt of winter wheat. Fungicide & Nematicide Test Reports. 61:ST026. <br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., S.R. Lyon, K.A. Balow, T.D. Murray, X.M. Chen, B.P. Carter, C.R. Morris, K. Garland Campbell, J.W. Burns, W.F. Schillinger, P.E. Reisenauer, and B.J. Goates. 2006. Registration of 'Masami' Wheat. Crop Science. 46:476-477.<br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., S.R. Lyon, K.A. Balow, M.A. Gollnick, T.D. Murray, X.M. Chen, C.R. Morris, K. Garland Campbell, J.W. Burns, W.F. Schillinger, P.E. Reisenauer, and B.J. Goates. 2006. Registration of 'Bauermeister' Wheat. Crop Sci. (SUBMITTED 12/05).<br /> <br /> Kidwell, K.K., V.L. Demacon, G.B. Shelton, J.W. Burns, B.P. Carter, X.M. Chen, C.F. Morris, and N.A. Bosque Pérez, N.A. 2006. Registration of 'Otis' Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:1386-1387. <br /> <br /> Kidwell, K.K., G.B. Shelton, V.L. Demacon, J.W. Burns, B.P. Carter, X.M. Chen, C.F. Morris, and N.A. Bosque Pérez. 2006. Registration of 'Louise' Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:1384-1386. <br /> <br /> Koehn, A., E. Souza, and J.M. Windes. 2005. The potential importance of reduction in root length in screening resistance to Fusarium species in wheat cultivars. Phytopathology. Vol. 95, 6:S112 abstr. <br /> <br /> Ling, P. and X.M. Chen. 2005. Construction of a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bacterial artificial chromosome library for cloning genes for stripe rust resistance. Genome. 48:1028-1036. <br /> <br /> Lewis, J.M., C.A. Mackintosh, S.H. Shin, L.A. Smith, M.N. Wyckoff, A.M. Elakkad, K.J. Wennberg, S.J. Heinen, L.E. Radmer, G.D. Baldridge, R.J. Zeyen, C.K. Evans, S. Kravchenko, R. Dill-Macky, and G.J. Muehlbauer, G.J. 2005. Overexpression of antifungal proteins increases resistance of wheat to Fusarium Head Blight in the field. In: Proceedings of the 2005 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. December 11-13, 2005. p. 103.<br /> <br /> Li, H.J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones, and T.D. Murray, T.D. 2005. Resistance to eyespot of wheat, caused by Tapesia yallundae, derived from Thinopyrum intermedium homoeologous group 4 chromosomes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 111:932-940. (DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0025-0).<br /> <br /> Mudge, A.M., R. Dill-Macky, Y. Dong, I. Wilson, and J.M. Manners. 2005. Mycotoxin production and fungal gene expression during infection and crowns and heads of wheat by Fusarium graminearum. (Abstr.# 312) In: Proceedings of the 23rd Fungal Genetics Conference. Pacific Grove, California, USA. March 15-20, 2005. p. 131.<br /> <br /> Mundt, C.C. 2005. Host diversity, epidemic progression, and pathogen evolution. Pages 175-184 In: Rust Diseases of Willow and Poplar. M.H. Pei and A.R. McCracken, eds. CABI Publishing.<br /> <br /> Murray, T.D. 2006. Seed infection and transmission of Cephalosporium gramineum in commercial winter wheat varieties. Plant Disease. 90:803-806.<br /> <br /> Murray, T.D. 2006. Strawbreaker Foot rot or Eyespot of Wheat. WSU Extension Bulletin. EB 1378. <br /> <br /> Nishio, Z., N. Iriki, S. Takenaka, A. Kawakami, M. Kuroki, K. Saito, M. Ito, T. Tabiki, and T.D. Murray. 2005. A real-time PCR assay for quantification of Typhula ishikariensis, cause of speckled snow mold in winter wheat. Phytopathology. 95:S75 abstr.<br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.A. and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Colonization and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae in components of wheat residue. Cereal Research Communications. 33:755-762.<br /> <br /> Pereyra, S., G. Garmendia, M. Cabrera, S. Vero, M. Pianzzola, and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Control Biológico de la Fusariosis de la Espiga de Trigo y Cebada (Biological Control of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Barley). Agrociencia. 9:337-343. <br /> <br /> Perez, C.A., R. Dill-Macky, and L.L. Kinkel. 2005. Evaluating the potential for green manures to enhance indigenous soil antagonists and reduce inoculum of Fusarium graminearum in wheat residues. Phytopathology. S82.<br /> <br /> Richardson, K.L., M.I. Vales, J.G. Kling, C.C. Mundt, and P.M. Hayes. 2005. Pyramiding and dissecting disease resistance QTL to barley stripe rust. Theor. Appl. Genet.: 113: 485-495.<br /> <br /> Roozeboon, K., A. Fritz, J. Stack, J. Whitworth, P. Evans, J. Long, T.J. Martin, A. Schlegel, M. Spangler, M. Claassen, W.B. Gordon, W. Heer, J. Kimball, L. Maddux, E. Parker, B. Seabourn, M. Knapp, R. Bennett, B. Bockus, and J. Shroyer. 2005. 2005 Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties. Pages 4-28 in: 2005 Kansas Wheat Seed Book. Kansas AES Report of Progress 947. 42 pp.<br /> <br /> Sackett, K.E. and C.C. Mundt. 2005. Primary disease gradients of wheat stripe rust in large field plots. Phytopathology. 95:983-991.<br /> <br /> Sackett, K.E. and C.C. Mundt. 2005. The effects of dispersal gradient and pathogen life cycle components on epidemic velocity in computer simulations. Phytopathology. 95:992-1000.<br /> <br /> Salas, B. and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Effect of residue management and host resistance on the epidemiology of Fusarium Head Blight. Phytopathology. S92.<br /> <br /> Salas, B. and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Colonization of wheat cultivars by Fusarium graminearum at harvest and in overwintered residues. In: Proceedings of the 2005 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. December 11-13, 2005. p. 140-143.<br /> <br /> Salas, B. and R. Dill-Macky. 2005. Effect of residue management and host resistance on the epidemiology of Fusarium Head Blight. In: Proceedings of the 2005 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. December 11-13, 2005. p. 144-147.<br /> <br /> Strausbaugh, C.A. and J.M. Windes. 2006. Influence of subsoiling on direct seeded cereals in Southeastern Idaho. Can. J. Pl. Path. Accepted pending revisions.<br /> <br /> Uauy, C., J.C. Brevis, X.M. Chen, I.A. Khan, L.F. Jackson, O. Chicaiza, A. Distelfeld, T. Fahima, and J. Dubcovsky. 2005. High-temperature adult plant (HTAP) stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides is closely linked to the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 112:97-105. <br /> <br /> Vales, M.I., C.C. Schön, F. Capettini, X.M. Chen, A.E. Corey, D.E. Mather, C.C. Mundt, K.L. Richardson, J.S. Sandoval-Islas, H.F. Utz, and P.M. Hays. 2005. Effect of population size on the estimation of barley stripe rust QTL. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1260-1270. <br /> <br /> Windes, J.M., C.A. Jackson, and T. Shelman. 2006. Seed treatments for control of loose smut and root and foot rots in winter barley in Bingham County, ID, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online). Report 61:ST015. DOI:10.1094/FN61. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN.<br /> <br /> Windes, J.M., C.A. Jackson, and T. Shelman. 2006. Seed treatments for control of loose smut and foot and crown rots in spring barley in Fremont County, ID, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online). Report No. 61:ST017. DOI:10.1094/FN61. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN.<br /> <br /> Windes, J.M., T. Shelman, and C.A. Jackson. 2006. Seed treatments for control of loose smut and crown and foot rots in spring wheat in Fremont County, ID, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online). Report 61:ST016. DOI:10.1094/FN61. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN.<br /> <br /> Windes, J.M., T. Shelman, and C.A. Jackson. 2006. Seed treatments for control of loose smut in spring wheat in Fremont County, ID, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (online). Report 61:ST018. DOI:10.1094/FN61. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul. MN.<br /> <br /> Worster, C.A. and C.C. Mundt. 200_. The effect of diversity and spatial arrangement on biomass of agricultural cultivars and native plant species. Basic Appl. Ecol. (accepted pending revisions).<br /> <br /> Zhu, Yan, G.P., and X.M. Chen. 2006. Molecular mapping of a recessive barley gene for resistance to stripe rust. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113:529-537.<br /> <br /> Y.Y., H. Fang, Y.Y. Wang, J.X. Fan, S.S. Yang, T.W. Mew, and C.C. Mundt. 2005. Panicle blast and canopy moisture in rice cultivar mixtures. Phytopathology. 95:433-438.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Participants were updated on the situation with UG99, a new and potentially damaging race of wheat stem rust detected in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia that has virulence on the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31, which is present in many CIMMYT varieties. This information will be important to pathologists and wheat breeders involved in developing wheat varieties with resistance to stem rust enabling them to respond proactively since this race is not present in the US.
2. Research to identify the race structure of wheat and barley stripe rust pathogens across the U.S. is continuing and the information is made available to the public, including wheat and barley breeders, so they can use appropriate disease resistance genes for their respective regions to minimize losses to this disease.
3. Pathologists from three states where hard red winter wheat is produced have recently begun a tri-state Fusarium head blight nursery so that advanced breeding lines may be tested at multiple sites in the region. Such data are valuable to help understand the effective range and durability of deployed resistance genes.

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Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

The joint annual meeting of WERA-97 and NCERA-184 was held in Idaho Falls, ID from June 26-28 at the Red Lion Inn. The WERA-97 and WERA-184 business meetings were held on Tuesday evening, June 26. WERA-97 participants discussed the status of the petition, future meeting sites, and status of the revised wheat disease compendium and list of common names of wheat diseases. Participants decided to meet jointly with Western Wheat Workers in Davis, CA in 2008. WERA-184 participants reviewed the 2006 minutes, discussed the status of their petition, personnel changes, future meeting sites, and elected officers for 2008. Participants decided to meet in South Dakota in 2008. There were a total of 37 participants at the meeting representing 15 U.S. states, Australia and Canada. Of these, 35 are from the public sector and 2 are from the private sector.

The joint general meeting was held Wednesday, June 27, and began with a welcome from Dr. Robert Zemetra, Chair of the Dept. of PSES, University of Idaho, followed by State reports, an update from Marty Draper, CSREES on the IPM-PIPE program and tracking cereal rusts, and short reports on special topics in the afternoon. State reports were presented for Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. In addition, reports on small grain diseases in Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia, were given by Denis Gaudet and Mark Sutherland, respectively. Reports on special topics in the afternoon included Leaf and Stem Rust by Jim Kolmer, Stripe Rust by Xianming Chen, Fusarium Head Blight by Ruth Dill-Macky, Aster Yellows by Char Hollingsworth, Nematodes by Dick Smiley, Crown Rot by Mark Sutherland, and Microarray Analysis of a Putative Tyrosine Phosphatase by Jill Petrisko. A social and dinner was held at the Red Lion Inn in the evening.

A field tour of USDA-ARS and University of Idaho research programs at the University of Idaho Aberdeen Research and Extension Center was held on Thursday, June 28. Mike Bonman provided and overview of USDA programs including the small grain collection housed in Aberdeen and Juliet Windes described research on Fusarium crown rot and wheat breeding conducted by University of Idaho scientists. Field stops and discussion included Rust Screening by Eric Jackson and Maricelis Acevedo, National Small Grains Collection by Harold Bockelman, Wheat Breeding by Jianli Chen, Extension Variety and Pathology Trials by Juliet Windes, and Cereal Smuts by Blair Goates. The meeting ended with a social and dinner at the home of Juliet Windes.

Accomplishments

Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases. A team of five wheat pathologists (most of who belong to WERA-97 or NCERA-184) and one entomologist was assembled in 2005 to coordinate revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. The completed manuscript was submitted in late 2006 to APS Press for review. The edited manuscript was received, revised, and resubmitted prior to the joint WERA-97/NCERA-184 meeting; it has now been accepted for publication.<p><br /> <br /> Revision of the List of Common Names of Wheat Diseases is largely complete and is ready for distribution to the editors prior to submission. This collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97 is a significant accomplishment since it has been 18 years since the last edition was published.<p><br /> <br /> WERA-97 participants decided to meet jointly with the Western Wheat Workers at UC Davis in 2008. This joint meeting continues a long tradition of cooperative interaction with the Western Wheat Workers, which is composed largely of breeders and production system scientists. Maintaining communication among small grain scientists in different geographic regions of the country and disciplines is considered critical for cooperative research, as well as among established individuals and those in the early stages of their careers.<p> <br /> <br /> Participants considered the joint WERA-97/NCERA-184 meetings in 2006 and 2007 to be a success and discussed opportunities for future joint meetings, perhaps in 2010. The broad representation present at this meeting resulted in discussion of establishing a national committee for small grain diseases to enhance communication among those working in this area.<p><br /> <br /> WERA-97 continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members, which is largely composed of public sector scientists but also includes regular participation by members of the private sector. Discussions at this annual meeting help inform its participants of potential new problems, and new approaches to the control of long-established problems.<p><br />

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Participants were updated on the situation with UG99, a new and potentially damaging race of wheat stem rust detected in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia that has virulence on the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31, which is present in many CIMMYT varieties. This information will be important to pathologists and wheat breeders involved in developing wheat varieties with resistance to stem rust and enabling them to respond proactively since this race is not present in the US.
2. Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases represents a major revision that will be useful to growers, extension and research personnel in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world where wheat is grown.
3. Research to identify the race structure of wheat and barley stripe rust pathogens across the U.S. is continuing and the information is made available to the public, including wheat and barley breeders, so they can use appropriate disease resistance genes for their respective regions to minimize losses to this disease.
4. Pathologists from three states where hard red winter wheat is produced have recently begun a tri-state Fusarium head blight nursery so that advanced breeding lines may be tested at multiple sites in the region. Such data are valuable to help understand the effective range and durability of deployed resistance genes.

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Report Information

Participants

Anderson, Joseph (joe.anderson@ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS;
Bergstrom, Gary (gcb3@cornell.edu) - Cornell University;
Bradley, Carl (carlbrad@uius.edu) - University of Illinois;
Bockus, Bill (bockus@ksu.edu)- Kansas State University;
Burrows, Mary (mburrows@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
Chen, Xianming (xianming@wsu.edu) - USDA-ARS;
Corner, Janice (jecorner@ucdavis.edu) - University of California, Davis;
De Wolf, Erick (dewold1@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Dill-Macky, Ruth (ruthdm@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Dyer, Alan (adyer@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
Grey, Bill (wgrey@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
Hershman, Don (don.hershman@uky.edu) - University of Kentucky;
Hollingsworth, Charla (holli030@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Jackson, Lee (lfjackson@ucdavis.edu) - University of California, Davis;
McMullen, Marcia (marcia.mcmullen@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Milus, Gene (gmilus@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas;
Osborne, Lawrence (lawrence.osborne@sdstate.edu) -South Dakota State University;
Paul, Pierce (paul.661@osu.edu) - Ohio State University;
Stein, Jeff (jeff.stein@sdsu.edu) - South Dakota State University;
Sweets, Laura (sweetsL@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri;
Windes, Juliet (jwindes@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho

Brief Summary of Minutes

The joint meeting of WERA-97, NCERA-184, and the Western Wheat Workers was held on May 11-13 2008 and was hosted by Lee Jackson and Jorge Dubcovsky at the University of California Davis. The meeting began Monday with a welcome provided by Dr. Michael Parella, associate dean of the UCD College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences. This was followed by opening remarks by host Lee Jackson. Joint Technical Reports (Western Wheat Workers/WERA-97) were given from 9am - Noon. The first three presentations focused on challenges for wheat production faced with heat and drought stresses. Presentations began with Richard Snyder discussing the impacts global warming will have on agriculture in the western United States. This was followed Dr. Luther Talbert discussing changing strategies in breeding spring wheat for heat and drought tolerance and Dr. Eduardo Blumwald discussing biotechnological tools developed to cope with drought stress. Later presentations gave updates on stripe rust and stem rust populations provided by Drs. Ravi Singh and Yue Jin respectively. The technical presentations were conclude with an orientation provide by Dr. Jorge Dubcovsky to a wheat tilling population developed by his lab which may prove useful in identifying genes associated with traits of interest as well as understanding gene function.

In the afternoon, state reports were given by plant pathologist and wheat workers alike. For most states, crop acreage was up but crop development was delayed. Written state reports are available on the project website (http://plantsciences.montana.edu/wera97/Default.htm). State reports were followed by separate business meetings for WERA-97, NCERA 184 and Western Wheat Workers. For some this format created conflict as several members of WERA-97 also belong to NCERA-184. For WERA-97, the meeting began with thanks given to Lee Jackson for hosting the 2008 meeting. Lee will be retiring in 2008-2009 and this meeting will be his last. In addition to Dr. Jackson, Robert Johnston, the long time acting secretary, will be retiring in 2008 and the continuation of his duties by others was discussed. Finally the business meeting ended with a discussion of the 2009 joint meeting. While the meeting plans were set to be held in Bozeman in 2009, everyone agreed priority should be given to having joint meetings with either NCERA-184 or the Western Wheat Workers. Invitations were made to these sister committees through Dale Clark and Jeffery Stein. The current standing is that a joint meeting will be held along with the Western Wheat Workers in Corvallis OR in 2009 with Chris Mundt being WERA-97s host. Mondays activities ended with a barbeque dinner/social.

During the Tuesday morning technical session conducted by NCERA-184, presentations were made on stem rust by Dr. Yue Jin, Stem rust meeting plans by Drs. Eric Dewolf and Pierce Paul, and impacts of early season fungicide applications and head scab management by Drs. Marsha McMullen and Char Hollingsworth. Later, virus survey plans were discussed by Dr. Mary Burrows and multiplex virus detection by Dr. Joe Anderson. The technical session ended with Dr. Ruth Dill-Mackey discussing DON management and persistence in wheat grain. Later, a field tour was hosted by Dr. Lee Jackson. Lee introduced Dr. Jorge Dubcovsky in the field, where Jorge discussed new releases of hard red spring, hard white spring and durum wheat. The tour then traveled to the field location of Resource Seeds. Bob Matchett of Resource Seeds discussed new releases of common wheat, durum wheat, triticale. The tour ended with a visit to the California Wheat Commission Office, where we were hosted by Bob Falconer, Executive Director, and Sami Wong, director of the wheat quality lab. Sami showed and explained the function of the lab equipment in determining quality of wheat in development by private and public breeding programs, and Sami provided the attendees with delicious sticky buns.

Accomplishments

2009 Meeting Site Selection / Joint meetings. WERA-97 participants decided to meet jointly with the Western Wheat Workers at Oregon State University in 2009. This joint meeting continues a long tradition of cooperative interaction with the Western Wheat Workers, which is composed largely of breeders and production system scientists. Maintaining communication among small grain scientists in different geographic regions of the country and disciplines is considered critical for cooperative research, as well as among established individuals and those in the early stages of their careers. <br /> <br /> Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases. A team of five wheat pathologists (most of who belong to WERA-97 or NCERA-184) and one entomologist was assembled in 2005 to coordinate revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. The completed manuscript was submitted in late 2006 to APS Press for review. The edited manuscript was received, revised, and resubmitted prior to the joint WERA-97/NCERA-184 meeting; it has now been accepted for publication and is in press. <br /> <br /> Revision of the List of Common Names of Wheat Diseases was submitted for publication in January 2008 and is in review. This collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97 is a significant accomplishment since it has been 8 years since the last edition was published.<br /> <br /> Summary. WERA-97 continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members, which is largely composed of public sector scientists but also includes regular participation by members of the private sector. Discussions at this annual meeting help inform its participants of potential new problems, and new approaches to the control of long-established problems. <br />

Publications

Extension and Technical Publications<br /> Ali, S., Singh, P.K., McMullen, M. P., Mergoum, M., and Adhikari, T.B. 2007. Resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases in wheat. Euphytica DOI 10.1007/s10681-007-9469-4.<br /> <br /> Anderson, J.A., Busch, R.H., McVey, D.V., Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y., Linkert, G.L., Wiersma, J.V., Dill-Macky, R., Wiersma, J.J. and Hareland, G.A. 2007. Registration of 'Ada' wheat. Crop Sci. 47:434-435.<br /> <br /> Appel, J.A., De Wolf, E., Bockus, W. ., and Bowden, R.L. 2007. Prelimilary 2007 Kansas Wheat Disease Loss Estimates. Kansas Cooperative Plant Disease Survey Report. http://www.ksda.gov/plant_protection/content/183/cid/611<br /> <br /> Baenziger, P.S., Beecher, B., Graybosch, R.A., Ibrahim, A.M.H., Baltensperger, D.D., Nelson, L.A., Jin, Y., Wegulo, S., Watkins, J.E., Hatchett, J.H., Chen, M. and Bai. G. 2008. Release of NE01643 wheat. J. Plant Reg. 2:36-42.<br /> <br /> Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, G.R. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, W. Grey, D. Nash, R. Johnston, and R. Larson. Winter wheat variety performance summary in Montana. Montana Agric. Exp. Station. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098. 30 p. 2007.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., Fritz, A.K., and Martin, T.J. 2008. Reaction of the 2007 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to barley yellow dwarf and Fusarium head blight. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF006. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., Baenziger, P.S., and Ibrahim, A.M.H. 2008. Reaction of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF009. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and Davis, M.A. 2008. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF007. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and Davis, M.A. 2008. Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to barley yellow dwarf, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF008. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and Wegulo, S.N. 2008. Effect of foliar fungicides on Fusarium head blight of winter wheat, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF011. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W.W., and De Wolf, E.D. 2008. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot and leaf rust of winter wheat, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF010. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bonman, J.M., Bockelman, H.E., Jin, Y., Hijmans, R.J. and Gironella. A. 2007. Geographic distribution of stem rust resistance in wheat landraces. Crop Sci. 47:1955-1963.<br /> <br /> Bruckner, P.L., J.E. Berg, D.L. Nash, W.E. Grey, A.T. Dyer, N. Riveland, J.L. Eckhoff, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, Yue Jin, and X. Chen. 2007. Registration of Yellowstone wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:18-19.<br /> <br /> Burlakoti, R.R., Ali, S. , Secor, G.A., Neate, S.M., McMullen, M., and Adhikari, T. 2007. Genetic relationships among populations of Fusarium graminearum from cereal and non-cereal hosts. Phytopathology 97:S15.<br /> <br /> Burlakoti, R.R., Ali, S., Secor, G.A., Neate, S.M., McMullen, M., and Adhikari, T. 2007. Impact of cereal and non-cereal hosts on trichothecene producing genotypes of Fusarium graminearum. Phytopathology 97:S15.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M, W. Grey, and A. Dyer. Fact sheets on High Plains IPM Guide: Fusarium crown rot. Posted 12/12/06. www.highplainsipm.org. <br /> <br /> Burrows, M., W. Grey, A. Dyer. Fact sheets on High Plains IPM Guide: Fusarium head scab. Posted 12/1/06. www.highplainsipm.org.<br /> <br /> Carlson, G.R. , J.E. Berg, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Bynum wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:16-17.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M. 2007. Strategies for controlling increasingly important stripe rusts of wheat and barley. Phytopathology 97:S166.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Lin, F. 2007. Identification and molecular mapping of genes for all-stage and high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Express wheat. Phytopathology 97:S21.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., Penman, L.N., and Richardson, K.L. 2007. Races of Puccinia striiformis, the stripe rust pathogen in the United States in 2006. Phytopathology 97:S21.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., Wan, A.M., and Richardson, K. 2008. Virulent races of Puccinia striiformis identified in the United States in 2007. Phytopathology 98:S36.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Wood, D.A. 2008. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2007. Plant Disease Management Report 2:CF014.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Wood, D.A. 2008. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2007. Plant Disease Management Report 2:CF015.<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., Wood, D.A., Penman, L., Lin, F., Liu, Y.M., Wang, M.N., Zhao, J., Coram, T., and Richardson, K. 2007. Control of stripe rusts of wheat and barley. Page 26 in 2007 Field Day Abstracts: Highlights of Research Progress Novel Solutions to Traditional Problems, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 07-1, Washington State University. (Full paper online: http://css.wsu.edu/proceedings).<br /> <br /> Chen, X.M., and Zhao, J. 2007. Identification of molecular markers for Yr8 and a gene for high-temperature, adult-plant resistance against stripe rust in the AVS/6*Yr8 wheat line. Phytopathology 97:S21.<br /> <br /> Cheng, P., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Molecular mapping of a gene for resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat cultivar IDO377s. Phytopathology 98:S38.<br /> <br /> Coram, T., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Transcriptome analysis of the wheat-Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction during both Yr5-mediated race-specific resistance and basal defense. Phytopathology 97:S24.<br /> <br /> Coram, T.E., Huang, X.L., Settles, M.L., Zhan, G.M., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Comparative analysis of transcripts associated to all-stage resistance and high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Phytopathology 98:S41.<br /> <br /> Coram, T.E., Settles, M.L., Lin, F., Wang, M.N., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Transcriptome analysis of high-temperature adult-plant resistance conditioned by Yr39 during the wheat-Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction. Page 27 in: Speaker & Poster Abstracts of National Wheat Genomics Conference, December 1st and 2nd, 2007, Kansas City, Missouri. <br /> <br /> Coram, T.E., Settles, M.L., Wang, M.N., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Surveying expression level polymorphism and single-feature polymorphism in near-isogenic wheat lines differing for the Yr5 stripe rust resistance locus. Page 23 in: Speaker & Poster Abstracts of National Wheat Genomics Conference, December 1st and 2nd, 2007, Kansas City, Missouri. <br /> <br /> Coram, T., Wang, M.N., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Transcriptome analysis of the wheat-Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction. Molecular Plant Pathology 9:157-169. <br /> <br /> Costa, J.M., Griffey, C.A., Bockelman, H.E., Cambron, S.E., Cooper, A., Grybauskas, A., Gaines, C., Graybosch, R.A., Kratoshvil, R.J., Jin, Y. and Marshall, D. 2007. Registration of Chesapeake wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:26-27.<br /> <br /> Cowger, C., Brunner, P.C., and Mundt, C.C. 2008. Frequency of sexual recombination by Mycosphaerella graminicola in mild and severe epidemics. Phytopathology 98:752-759. <br /> <br /> Culler, M.D., Miller-Garvin, J.E. and Dill-Macky, R. 2007. Effect of extended irrigation and host resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in Fusarium-infected wheat. Plant Dis. 91:1464-1472.<br /> <br /> Devkota, R.N., Rudd, J., Jin, Y., Glover, K., Hall, R.G. and Hareland, G.A. 2007. Registration of Briggs wheat. Crop Sci. 47:432-434.<br /> <br /> Fetch Jr., T. and Jin, Y. 2007. Letter code system of nomenclature of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. Plant Dis. 91:763-766. <br /> <br /> Franc, G.D., and W.L. Stump. 2007. Russian Wheat Aphid Management in Small Grains, 2006. Pages 73-76. In: Plant Pathology Research & Demonstration Progress Reports 2006 (Bulletin MP-101-07). University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station and online publication of the Plant Sciences Department (http://www.uwyo.edu/ces/plantsci.htm).<br /> <br /> Franc, G.D., and W.L. Stump. 2007. 2006 Southeastern Wyoming and Western Nebraska Winter Wheat Survey. Pages 77-80. In: Plant Pathology Research & Demonstration Progress Reports 2006 (Bulletin MP-101-07). University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station and online publication of the Plant Sciences Department (http://www.uwyo.edu/ces/plantsci.htm). <br /> <br /> Franc, G.D., and W.L. Stump. 2008. Barley head-mold management with foliar fungicides, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online) PDMR02:CF016. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Franc, G.D., and W.L. Stump. 2008. University of Wyoming Research and Extension Plant Pathology Field Crop Disease Surveys 2007. University of Wyoming Agriculture Experiment Station MP122-2007. Laramie, WY. www.uwyo.edu/ces/plantsci.htm online.<br /> <br /> Gray, F.A., C.R. Hollingsworth, D.W. Koch, R.W. Groose, A.M. Gray, D.M. Woods, C.J. Reedy Jons, T.E. Heald, and J.R. Gill. 2007. Revised. Brown root rot of alfalfa. University Wyoming Plant Science Timely Information Series Bulletin. Laramie, WY.<br /> <br /> Gyenis, L., Yun, S.J., Smith, K.P., Steffenson, B.J., Bossolini, E., Sanguineti, M.C. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci associated with morphological and agronomic trait differences in a wild by cultivated barley cross. Genome 50:714-723.<br /> <br /> Haley, S.D., Johnson, J.J., Peairs, F.B., Quick, J.S., Stromberger, J.A., Clayshulte, S.R., Butler, J.D., Rudolph, J.B., Seabourn, B.W., Bai, G., Jin, Y. and Kolmer. J.A. 2007. Registration of Ripper wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:1-6.<br /> <br /> Hofman, V., S. Halley, G. Van Ee, C. Hollingsworth, M. McMullen, and B. Ruden. 2007. Aerial application of fungicide for the suppression of Fusarium head blight in small grains. North Dakota State University Extension Service AE-1327.<br /> <br /> Hofman, V., Halley, S., Van Ee, G., Hollingsworth, C., McMullen, M., and Ruden, B. 2007. Aerial application of fungicide for the suppression of Fusarium head blight in small grains. NDSU Circular AE-1327. 4p.<br /> <br /> Hogg, A.C., Johnston, R.H., and Dyer, A.T. 2007. Applying Real-Time Quantitative PCR to Fusarium Crown Rot of Wheat. Plant Dis. 91:1021-1028.<br /> <br /> Hollingsworth, C., C. Motteberg, L. Atkinson, and D. Holen. 2007. On-farm disease management trials of spring wheat in the Red River Valley. Prairie Grains 85:39.<br /> <br /> Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Minnesotas Fusarium head blight epidemic risk forecasting system. Prairie Grains 93:46-48.<br /> <br /> Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Scab epidemic risk forecasting system in action. Prairie Grains 93:46-47.<br /> <br /> Hollingsworth, C. Motteberg, C., Holen, D., and Atkinson, L. 2008. On-Farm disease management trials of spring wheat in the Red River Valley. Prairie Grains 92:29-31.<br /> <br /> Jin, Y., Singh, R.P., Ward, R.W., Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M.G., Njau, P., Fetch Jr., T., Pretorius, Z.A. and Yahyaoui, A. 2007. Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis. 91:1096-1099.<br /> <br /> Johnson, W.A., Johnston, R.H., Grey, W., Burrows, M., and Dyer, A.T. 2008. Root lesion nematodes in wheat. Montguide MT200801AG.<br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., Lyon, S.R., Balow, K.A., Gollnick, M.A., Murphy, K.M., Murray, T.D., Chen, X.M., Campbell, G.C., Burns, J.W., Schillinger, W.F., Reisenauer, P.E., and Goates, B.J. 2007. Registration of MDM wheat. J Plant Reg. 1:104-106. <br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., S.R. Lyon, K.A. Balow, M.A. Gollnick, T.D. Murray, X.M. Chen, C.R. Morris, K. Garland Campbell, J.W. Burns, W.F. Schillinger, P.E. Reisenauer and B.J. Goates. 2007. Registration of Bauermeister Wheat. Crop Sci. 47:430-431.<br /> <br /> Kephart, K.D., J.E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.M. Wichman, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Hyalite wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:14-15.<br /> <br /> Klindworth, D.L., Miller, J.D., Jin, Y. and Xu, S.S. 2007. Chromosomal locations of genes for stem rust resistance in monogenic lines derived from tetraploid wheat accession ST464. Crop Sci. 47:1441-1450.<br /> <br /> Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y. and Long, D.L. 2007. Wheat leaf rust and stem rust in the United States. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58:631-638.<br /> <br /> Krenz, J.E., Sackett, K.E., and Mundt, C.C. 2008. Specificity of incomplete resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat. Phytopathology 98:555-561.<br /> <br /> Lai, Z., Faris, J.D., Weiland, J.J., Steffenson, B.J. and Friesen, T.L. 2007. Genetic mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. teres genes conferring avirulence on barley. Fungal Gen. Biol. 44:323-329.<br /> <br /> Lanning, S.P., G.R. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.E. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, D. Nash, A. Dyer, W.E. Grey, P. Lamb and L.E. Talbert. 2007. Spring wheat variety performance summary in Montana. Montana Agric. Exp. Stn. Ext. Bull. 2B 1093. 32 p. <br /> <br /> Larsen, J.E., C.R. Hollingsworth, J. Flor, M.R. Dornbusch, N.L. Simpson, and D.A. Samac. 2007. Distribution of Phoma sclerotioides on alfalfa and winter wheat crops in the North Center U.S. Plant Dis. 91:551-558.<br /> <br /> Li, H. J., R.L. Conner, and T.D. Murray. 2008. Resistance to soil-borne diseases of wheat: Contributions from the wheatgrasses Thinopyrum intermedium and Th. ponticum. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88:195-205.<br /> <br /> Lin, F., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Molecular mapping of genes conferring non-race specific and race-specific resistances to stripe rust in spring wheat cultivar Alpowa. Phytopathology 97:S169. <br /> <br /> Lin, F., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Molecular mapping of genes for race-specific overall resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Express. Theor. Appl. Genet. 116:797-806.<br /> <br /> Ling, P., Wang, M.N., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Isolation of genes underlining important functions of wheat stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici). Page 117 in Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, 2007, San Diego, CA. <br /> <br /> Lingenfelser, J., Roozeboom, K, Fritz, A., DeWolf, E., Knapp, M., Whitworth, J., Claassen, M., Gordon, W. B., Heer, W., Kimball, J., Maddux, L., Evans, P., Long, J., Martin, T. J., Spangler, M., Schlegel, A., Chen, R., McLaughlin, L., Miller, R., Bockus, B., Shoryer, J. 2007. 2007 Performance Tests. Pages 5-26 in: 2007 Kansas Wheat Seed Book. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress No. 982. 46 pp. <br /> <br /> McCallum, B.D., Chen, X.M., Shorter, S., Sadasivaiah, R.S., and Tewari, J.P. 2007. Stripe rust reaction of twenty eight Canadian wheat cultivars. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 29:401-407. <br /> <br /> McMullen, M. 2007 3-ADON and 15-ADOn associations with DON grain concentrations, Fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility, and fungicide treatment, ND 2005. Phytopathology 97:S162.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M. 2007. Integration - The key to managing Fusarium head blight (FHB = scab) in wheat. Pages 26-28 in: Proc. 2007 Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conf., Jan. 3-4, 2007. Univ. of Illinois, Champaign, IL.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M. 2007. Integrated strategies for FHB management, a Northern Great Plains perspective. Pages 82-82 in: Proc. 5th Canadian Workshop on Fusarium head blight. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Nov. 27-30, 2007. Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba. <br /> <br /> McMullen, M. 2007. Experiences in reducing disease and DON through components of FHB management. Pages 102-103 in: Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec. 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, Kansas. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Jordahl, J., and Meyer, S. 2007. Differential effects of infection timing on Fusarium head blight and on DON and DON derivatives in three spring grains. Page 100 in: Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec. 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, Kansas. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Meyer, S., and Jordahl, J. 2007. Effects of fungicide timing on Fusarium head blight and on DON and DON derivatives in three spring grains. Pages 101 in: Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec. 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, Kansas. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Jordahl, J., and Meyer, S. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides for reduction of Fusarium head blight and DON in wheat, 2006. Online: Plant Dis. Management Rpts 1:CF011. <br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Meyer, S., and Jordahl, J. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides for reduction of Fusarium head blight and DON in barley, 2006. Online: Plant Dis. Management Rpts 1:CF010.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., and Markel, S. 2007. 2008 North Dakota Field Crop Fungicide Guide. NDSU Extension Circular PP-622 (revised). 62 p.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., et al. 2007. North Dakota IPM Disease Survey, 2007. Pages 555-557 in ND 2008 Crop Production Guide No. 18, NDSU Ext. Service.<br /> <br /> Mackintosh, C.A., Lewis, J., Radmer, L.E., Shin, S., Heinen, S.J., Smith, L.A., Wyckoff, M.N., Dill-Macky, R., Evans, C.K., Kravchenko, S., Baldridge, G.D., Zeyen, R.J. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. Overexpression of defense response genes in transgenic wheat enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight. Plant Cell Rep. 26:479-488.<br /> <br /> Motteberg, C.D., B. Potter, C.R. Hollingsworth, and L.M. Atkinson. 2007. Efficacy of fungicides in controlling Fusarium head blight on hard red spring wheat in Minnesota, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:CF020.<br /> <br /> Mundt, C.C., Brunet, J., and Sackett, K.E. 2008. Impact of density and disease on frequency-dependent selection and genetic polymorphism: Experiments with stripe rust and wheat. Evol. Ecol. 22 (in press), published on-line 17 July 2007.<br /> <br /> Nirmala, J., Dahl, S., Steffenson, B.J., Kannangara, C.G., von Wettstein, D., Chen, X. and Kleinhofs, A. 2007. Proteolysis of the barley receptor-like protein kinase RPG1 by a proteasome pathway is correlated with Rpg1-mediated stem rust resistance. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (USA) 104:10276-10281.<br /> <br /> Nishio, Z., N. Iriki, K. Takata, M. Ito, T. Tabiki, and T.D. Murray. 2008. Influence of cold-hardening and soil matric potential on resistance to speckled snow mold in wheat. Plant Disease 92:1021-1025.<br /> <br /> Okubara, P.A., Schroeder, K.L. and Paulitz, T.C. 2008. Identification and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 98:837-847. <br /> <br /> Olivera, P.D., Millet, E., Anikster, Y. and Steffenson, B.J. 2008. Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust, stem rust and powdery mildew in Aegilops sharonensis. Phytopathology 98:353-358.<br /> <br /> Olivera, P., Kolmer, J.A., Anikster, Y. and Steffenson, B.J. 2007. Resistance of Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to fungal diseases of wheat. Plant Dis. 91:942-950.<br /> <br /> Paul, P.A., Lipps, P.E., Hershman, D.E., McMullen, M.P., Draper, M.A., and Madden, L.V. 2007. A quantitative review of tebuconazole effect on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in wheat. Phytopathology 97:211-220. <br /> <br /> Paul, P.A., Lipps, P.E., Hershman, D.E., McMullen, M.P., Draper, M.A., and Madden, L V. 2007. Relative efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat. Phytopathology 97:S90.<br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C. 2008. Back to back wheat rotations: What are the risks of root diseases. DirectSeed Link- The Pacific Northwest Direct Association. Vol. 9, No. 1. pg. 1-2.<br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.A. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Colonization of the residues of diverse plant speciea by Gibberella zeae and their contribution to Fusarium head blight inoculum. Plant Dis. 92:800-807.<br /> <br /> Perez, C., Dill-Macky, R. and Kinkel, L.L. 2007. Management of soil microbial communities to enhance populations of Fusarium graminearum-antagonists in soil. Plant Soil. 302:53-69.<br /> <br /> Reddy, L.J., Ling, P., Wang, M.N., Chen, X.M., and Campbell G.K. 2007. Isolation of full-length candidate CBF genes from hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Page 116 in Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, 2007, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Samac, D., D. Malvick, C. Hollingsworth, B. Hudelson, and A. Gibbs. 2007. Alfalfa root health and disease management: A foundation for maximizing production potential and stand life. Minnesota Crop eNews. Online. http://www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2007/07MNCN14.htm <br /> <br /> Samac, D., D. Malvick, C. Hollingsworth, B. Hudelson, and A. Gibbs. 2007. Alfalfa root health and disease management: A foundation for maximizing production potential and stand life. Pages 6-7. Forage Focus. March Issue.<br /> <br /> Schroeder, K.L. and Paulitz, T.C. 2008. Effect of inoculum density and soil tillage on the development and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot. Phytopathology 98:304-315. <br /> <br /> Sharma-Poudyal, D., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Development of models for improved prediction of stripe rust epidemics in the US Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 98:S144.<br /> <br /> Shin, S., Mackintosh, C.A., Lewis, J., Heinen, S.J., Radmer, L., Dill-Macky, R., Baldridge, G.D., Zeyen, R.J. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2008. Transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase gene has enhances resistance against Fusarium graminearum. J. Exp. Bot. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern103.<br /> <br /> Singh, S., Bockus, W.W., Sharma, I, and Bowden, R.L. 2008. A novel source of resistance in wheat to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1. Plant Dis. 92:91-95.<br /> <br /> Steffenson, B.J., Olivera, P., Roy, J.A., Jin, Y., Smith, K.P. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. A walk on the wild side: mining wild wheat and barley collections for rust resistance genes. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58:532-544.<br /> <br /> Stougaard, R.N., J.E. Berg, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Norris wheat. J. Plant Reg. 1:12-13.<br /> <br /> Strausbaugh, C.A., Rearick, E., Camp, S., Gallian, J.J., and Dyer, A.T. 2008. Influence of beet necrotic yellow vein virus on sugar beet storability. Plant Dis. 92:581-587. <br /> <br /> Sun, Zhitan, Weaver D.K., Grey, W.E., Dyer, A. and Morrill, W.L. 2007. Fusarium species cause larval mortality of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, Norton, in winter wheat. 2007. Abstract Annual Meeting, Entomological Society of America, San Diego CA<br /> <br /> Sun, Y., Zhong, S., Steffenson, B.J., Friesen, T.L. and Neate, S.M. 2007. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and virulence polymorphism in Puccinia hordei. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 29:25-34.<br /> <br /> Tsilo, T.J., Jin, Y. and Anderson, J.A. 2007. Microsatellite markers linked to stem rust resistance allele Sr9a in wheat. Crop Sci. 47:2013-2020.<br /> <br /> Tsilo, T.J., Jin, Y. and Anderson, J.A. 2008. Diagnostic microsatellite markers for detection of stem rust resistance gene Sr36 in diverse genetic backgrounds of wheat. Crop Sci. 48:253-261.<br /> <br /> Wang, M.N., Coram, T.E., Ling, P. Peng, Boyd, L., and Chen, X.M. 2008. High-resolution genetic and physical mapping of the Yr5 gene for resistance to stripe rust of wheat. Phytopathology 98:S166.<br /> <br /> Wang, M.N., Ling, P., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Identification of genes in Puccinia striiformis and use of gene-specific PCR primers to differentiate rust species, formae speciales, and isolates. Phytopathology 97:S171. <br /> <br /> Wang, M.N., Ling, P., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Isolation of an Yr5 candidate gene for resistance to wheat stripe rust. Page 117 in Abstracts of Plant & Animal Genome XV, January 13-17, 2007, San Diego, CA. <br /> <br /> Worster, C.A., and Mundt, C.C. 2007. The effect of diversity and spatial arrangement on biomass of agricultural cultivars and native plant species. Basic Appl. Ecol. 8:521-532.<br /> <br /> Yan, G.P., and Chen, X.M. 2007. Genetic characterization and QTL mapping of high-temperature, adult-plant resistance in Bancroft barley against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei. Phytopathology 97:S171. <br /> <br /> Yan, G.P., and Chen, X.M. 2008. Identification of a quantitative trait locus for high-temperature adult-plant resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in Bancroft barley. Phytopathology 98:120-127. <br /> <br /> Yin, C.T., Chen, X.M., Kang, Z.S., and Hulbert, S. 2008. Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Phytopathology 98:S177. <br /> <br /> Zhan, J., Mundt, C.C., and McDonald, B.A. 2007. Sexual reproduction facilitates the adaptation of parasites to antagonistic host environments: evidence from a field experiment in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola system. Int. J. Parasitol. 37:861-870.<br /> <br /> Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Rudd, J.C. and Bockelman, H.E. 2008. New Fusarium head blight resistant germplasm identified in the USDA National Small Grains Collection. Crop Sci. 48:223-235. <br /> <br /> Zhong, S. and Steffenson, B.J. 2007. Molecular karyotyping and chromosome length polymorphism in Cochliobolus sativus. Mycol. Res. 111:78-86.<br />

Impact Statements

1. The stripe rust monitoring program developed by USDA-ARS in Pullman, WA provided accurate forecasts and updates of the disease to growers and extension personnel for timely fungicide applications, which kept stripe rust damage to the minimum and saved growers millions of dollars in potential losses.
2. Real-time PCR techniques to quantify six groups of Rhizoctonia and 10 species of Pythium, which cause disease on cereal roots, were developed. Work is now in progress with a commercial lab to transfer this technology to testing service for growers that can be used to determine risk of soilborne pathogens in a field before planting.
3. Information on stripe rust races, new resistance genes and development molecular markers, was provided to wheat breeding programs in the region for more efficient development of resistant cultivars.
4. Data from fungicide control experiments were used by agrichemical companies to support registration of new and effective fungicides and to guide growers and extension personnel for appropriate use of fungicides for control of stripe rust, eyespot, and Fusarium head blight.
5. Data from germplasm evaluation experiments contributed to release or pre-release of at least 12 wheat, barley, and oat varieties with effective resistance to several endemic diseases of importance in the western U.S. and Great Plains including Barley yellow dwarf, Cephalosporium stripe, eyespot, Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, loose smut, net blotch, Septoria tritici leaf blotch, stripe rust, stem rust, tan spot and wheat streak mosaic.
6. Pathologists from three states where hard red winter wheat is produced have recently begun a tri-state Fusarium head blight nursery so that advanced breeding lines may be tested at multiple sites in the region. Such data are valuable to help understand the effective range and durability of deployed resistance genes.

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Report Information

Participants

Anderson, Joseph (joe.anderson@ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS
Àz Bergstrom, Gary (gcb3@cornell.edu) - Cornell University
Àz Bradley, Carl (carlbrad@uius.edu) - University of Illinois
Àz Bockus, Bill (bockus@ksu.edu)- Kansas State University
Àz Burrows, Mary (mburrows@montana.edu) - Montana State University
Àz Chen, Xianming (xianming@wsu.edu) - USDA-ARS
Àz Corner, Janice (jecorner@ucdavis.edu) - University of California, Davis
De Wolf, Erick (dewold1@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;Dill-Macky, Ruth (ruthdm@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;Dyer, Alan (adyer@montana.edu) - Montana State University;Grey, Bill (wgrey@montana.edu) - Montana State University;Hershman, Don (don.hershman@uky.edu) - University of Kentucky; Hollingsworth, Charla (holli030@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Jackson, Lee (lfjackson@ucdavis.edu) - University of California, Davis; McMullen, Marcia (marcia.mcmullen@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Milus, Gene (gmilus@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas; Osborne, Lawrence (lawrence.osborne@sdstate.edu) -South Dakota State University; Paul, Pierce (paul.661@osu.edu) - Ohio State University; Stein, Jeff (jeff.stein@sdsu.edu) - South Dakota State University; Sweets, Laura (sweetsL@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri; Windes, Juliet (jwindes@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho

Brief Summary of Minutes

The joint meeting of WERA-97 and the Western Wheat Workers was held on May 27-28, 2009 and was hosted by Chris Mundt and Jim Peterson at Oregon State University, Corvallis. The meeting began Wednesday with a welcome provided by Dr. Russ Karow, Head of Crop and Soil Sciences (CSS) at Oregon State University. He provided a update on the status of wheat production in the Wilamette Valley and the potential of 200,000 acres by 2010, largely due to the lack of grass seed production and improved wheat varieties. A new licensing policy by the public universities in Oregon, Washington and Idaho, referred to as the TriStateLicense Entity has enabled individual seed associates to gain access to new varieties with herbicide tolerance and generate a royalty stream to the breeding programs. Chris Mundt provided the meeting agenda and specifics on the evening social, and tours of the Botany and Hyslop Farms.

Western Wheat Workers Joint Technical Reports were presented in the morning followed by WERA-97 State Reports in the afternoon. Business meetings were conducted in the late afternoon. The joint meeting for 2010 was chosen for Bozeman, hosted by MSU, Alan Dyer & Mary Burrows.

Dinner was catered in the local park.

On Friday Amy 28th, tours were conducted of the Botany and Hylsop farms, the OSU Cephalosporium nursery at the Botany farm (Chris Mundt), Jim Petersons nursery for stripe rust, BYDV, and imi tolerance at the Hyslop farm and the barley nursery (Pat Hays).

Maria Dolores Vazquez, a graduate student with Jim Peterson, wheat breeder in CSS at OSU made a presentation on the status of disease resistance in the PNW and Oregon specifically. High temperature adult plant resistance, HTAP, or durable resistance to rust has been very effective in Stephens wheat. Research goals are to locate QTL markers in populations from a Stephens x Platt cross and building a consensus map with DArt genotyping. Location of a marker on the 2A chromosome, wPt-8490, is a promising marker linked to reduced severity of rust. Other markers have been located in Stephens on chromosomes 2A, 7A, 5A and 1A as well as in Platte on chromosome 4B.

Xianming Chen of WSU discussed the stripe rust program as WSU-ARS. The HTAP that was first discovered and referred to a partial resistance to stripe rust, in the wheat variety Brevor was developed by Dr. Vogel and released by WSU in 1949. The durable resistance of Brevor has been included in wheat varieties Omar, Gaines, Nugaines, and Luke, and has been effective for over 60 years. The overall strategy to obtain stripe rust resistance is to employ a seedling selection for race specific resistance and then rely on the field screen for durable or HTAP. Overall, there are new and additional sources of HTAP that have been identified with molecular markers.

Luther Talbert, MSU described the goals for his spring wheat breeding program as dealing with increased heat tolerance utilizing the green leaf area duration or tolerance of higher temperatures during grain fill. The number one pest problem is the wheat stem sawfly. The solid stem character is widely used in breeding current MSU varieties, Choteau, Genou, and in private programs. Research into the antixenosis or avoidance of stems by the adult sawfly is underway. Variety blends may be a management tool to concentrate sawfly damage to a limited portion of the plants in a field.

Martin Quincke, a graduate student with Chris Mundt and Jim Peterson talked about QTL analyses for Cephalosporium stripe resistance. Cephalosporium stripe resistance is found on the 6Ae#2 chromosome of Th. Elongatum (CI13113). Populations with CI13113 and Tubbs are being screened with specific markers for cephalosporium stripe and improved wheat characters. Other characters that are of interest for OSU are the low gliadin quality wheats. Oscar Riera-Lizarazu, a faculty member in Crop and Soil Science at OSU, also made some insightful comments on molecular markers for several wheat diseases.

Kim Campbell, WSU-ARS presented goals for research on the Root lesion nematode and Fusarium crown rot, from Australian wheat sources. Chris Mundt suggested a goal for the 2010 meeting might includes a discussion on methodologies for fusarium crown rot screening. Currently, Kim Campbell inoculates the seed with a treatment of conidia and evaluates plants using three systems; a seedling screen at 3-4 wks in small cone-tainers, a terrace bed system for mature plant reaction and a field screen. QTLs for crown rot resistance were found from the variety Sunco, from Australia.

JianLiChen, Univ. Idaho described a major goal to improve drought tolerance and seedling establishment by selecting for coleoptile length and root growth. For example, Vida, Hank, McNeal have short coleoptiles while Jerome, Lassik, Alpowa have longer coleoptiles.

Dave Hole, Utah has incorporated dwarf bunt resistance to Bt 8,9, and 10 in a new release, Curlew. Blaire Goates assisted in the screening.

Bob Zemetra, University Idaho is looking at the virus diseases, BYDV and WSMV in wheat, disrupting virus replication utilizing coat proteins and RNA silencing.

Mike Flowers, Oregon Extension Cereal Agronomist discussed the changing model of Extension and incorporating the role of a crop consultant. It was astutely noted that growers and scientists are 99% good at knocking down a variety and 1% effective at complementing the variety performance.

Jim Peterson, Oregon Wheat Breeder presented a brief overview on the recent Oregon releases, Goetze, Tubbs and Skiles. The TriState License Entity has provided equipment support to the wheat program through the royalty stream generated by recent OR releases.

Meeting was adjourned at noon, May 28.

Accomplishments

Members of the WERA-97 and NCERA-184 committees on small grain diseases are coordinating national preparations for the possible incursion a new race of stem rust (Ug99). A workshop was held in July of 2008 that brought together plant pathologists from the multi-state committees with specialists from the USDA-ARS, USDA-APHIS and key stakeholder groups. The outcome of this workshop identified critical needs in the preparation for Ug99 including national level publications and possible areas of enhanced surveillance. In 2009, the committees launched a coordinated effort to develop these needed extension publications, and proposed enhancements to the monitoring effort. The first of the publications, focused on the identification of the stem rust and differentiation from other cereal rust diseases is scheduled for printing in December of 2009, and will be distributed to 29 states. These efforts are funded the USDA-CSREES EIPM and Critical Issues grants to the multi-state committees. <br /> <br /> 2010 Meeting Site Selection / Joint meetings. WERA-97 participants decided to meet jointly with the Western Wheat Workers at Montana State University in Bozeman in 2010. This joint meeting continues a long tradition of cooperative interaction with the Western Wheat Workers, which is composed largely of breeders and production system scientists. Maintaining communication among small grain scientists in different geographic regions of the country and disciplines is considered critical for cooperative research, as well as among established individuals and those in the early stages of their careers.<br /> <br /> Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases. A team of five wheat pathologists (most of who belong to WERA-97 or NCERA-184) and one entomologist was assembled in 2005 to coordinate revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. The completed manuscript was submitted in late 2006 to APS Press. The edited manuscript was received, revised, and resubmitted; it is currently in press.<br /> <br /> Revision of the List of Common Names of Wheat Diseases was submitted for publication in January 2008 and is in review. This collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97 is a significant accomplishment since it has been 19 years since the last edition was published.<br /> <br /> Summary. WERA-97 continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members, which is largely composed of public sector scientists but also includes regular participation by members of the private sector. Discussions at this annual meeting help inform its participants of potential new problems, and new approaches to the control of long-established problems.<br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

Baenziger, P. S., Beecher, B., Graybosch, R. A., Ibrahim, A. M. H., Baltensperger, D. D., Nelson, L. A., Jin, Y., Wegulo, S. N., Watkins, J. E., Hatchett, J. H., Chen, M-S., and Bai, G. 2008. Registration of NE01643 wheat. J. Plant Reg. 2:36-42.<br /> <br /> Baenziger, P. S., Graybosch, R. A., Dweikat, I., Wegulo, S. N., Hein, G. L., and Eskridge, K. M. 2008. Outstanding in their field: the phenotype of the 21st century plant breeder. International Wheat Genetics Symposium. Brisbane Convention Center, Brisbane, Old, Australia. 24-29 August, 2008.<br /> <br /> Beaubien, K.A., Dill-Macky, R., Dong, Y., Steffenson, B.J. and Smith, K.P. 2008. Characterizing barley near-isogenic lines for a DON QTL on chromosome 3H. In: Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, December 2-4, 2008, pp. 134-136.<br /> <br /> Beaubien, K.A., Dill-Macky, R., Dong, Y., Roy, J.K., Steffenson, B.J. and Smith, K.P. 2008. Investigating host variation for DON accumulation in wild barley. In: Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, December 2-4, 2008, pp. 137-141.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Davis, M. A., De Wolf, E., and Wegulo, S. N. 2008. Host resistance correlated with the amount of DON reduction achieved with fungicides. Proceedings of the Annual Fusarium Head Blight Forum. <br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and De Wolf, E. D. 2008. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot and leaf rust of winter wheat, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF010. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and Wegulo, S. N. 2008. Effect of foliar fungicides on Fusarium head blight of winter wheat, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF011. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2008. Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to barley yellow dwarf, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF008. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2008. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF007. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Baenziger, P. S., and Ibrahim, A. M. H. 2008. Reaction of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF009. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Fritz, A. K., and Martin, T. J. 2008. Reaction of the 2007 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to barley yellow dwarf and Fusarium head blight. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 1:CF006. DOI: 10.1094/PDMR02. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W.., and De Wolf, E. 2008. Kansas. Report for the Western Coordinating Committee on cereal diseases (WCC-97). (http://plantsciences.montana.edu/wera97/2008/Minutes08.pdf )<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Davis, M. A., De Wolf, E., and Wegulo, S. N. 2008. Host resistance correlated with the amount of DON reduction achieved with fungicides. Page 9 in: Proceedings of the 2008 Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Crowne Plaza Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2-4 December, 2008.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C.A. and McMullen, M. 2008. Fungicides for FHB management: Past, Present, and Future. Page 12 in: Canty, S.M., E. Alton, A. Clark, D. Ellis, J. Mundell, and D.A. Van Sanford (Eds). Proc. 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec. 2-4, 2008. Indianapolis, IN. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. <br /> <br /> Bradley, C.A., E. Adee, S. Ebelhar, B. Young, M. Burrows, M. McMullen, J. Lukach, L. Osborne, K. Ruden, L. Sweets, and K. Wise. 2008. Multi-State Uniform Fungicide Trials to Control Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol. Scab Forum Proceedings.<br /> <br /> Burlakoti, R. R., Ali, S., Secor G. A., Neate, S. M., McMullen, M. P., and Adhikari, T. B. 2008. Genetic relationships among populations of Gibberella zeae from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Phytopathology 98:969-976.<br /> <br /> Burlakoti, R.R., Ali, S., Secor, G.A., Neate, S.M., McMullen, M.P., and Adhikari, T.B. 2008. Comparative mycotoxin profiles of Gibberella zeae populations from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM) 74:6513-6520.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., Franc, G., Rush, C., Blunt, T., Ito, D., Kinzer, K., Olson, J., O'Mara, J., Price, J., Tande, C., Ziems, A., Stack, J. 2009. Occurrence of viruses in wheat in the Great Plains region, 2008. Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-0706-01-RS. <br /> Burrows, M., Dyer, A., Johnston, R., and Grey, W.. 2008. Evaluation of fungicide application timing for control of stripe rust on winter wheat in Montana, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports. 2:CF028.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M.E. 2008. Using local farmers markets to promote Extension programming. Journal of Extension. 46:IAW1.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., Ito, D. and Grey, W. 2009. Cereal viruses of importance in Montana.<br /> Burrows, M., Olmstead, J. and Grey, W. 2009. Fungal, bacterial, and physiological leaf diseases of cereal crops (wheat, durum, barley).<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., Grey, W., and Dyer, A. 2008. Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. MontGuide: MT200806AG. (new) 4p.<br /> <br /> Campanella, D.M., McEvoy, P.B., and Mundt, C.C. 2009. Interaction effects of two biological control organisms on resistant and susceptible weed biotypes of Chondrilla juncea in western North America. Biological Control 50:5059.<br /> <br /> Cowger, C., Brunner, P.C., and Mundt, C.C. 2008. Frequency of sexual recombination by Mycosphaerella graminicola in mild and severe epidemics. Phytopathology 98:555-561. <br /> <br /> Dahleen, L.S., Dill-Macky, R., and Neate, S.N. 2008. 2008 Fusarium head blight analysis of transgenic barley lines. In: Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, December 2-4, 2008, p. 106.<br /> <br /> De Wolf, E. D. 2008. Reaction of selected winter wheat varieties and breeding lines to powdery mildew in Kansas, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:CF002<br /> <br /> De Wolf, E., Nita, M., Paul, P., Madden, L., Stein, J., Ali, S., and Wegulo, S. 2008. Advances in the epidemiology of Fusarium head blight and applications in prediction models. Page 18 in: Proceedings of the 2008 Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Crowne Plaza Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2-4 December, 2008.<br /> <br /> Dill-Macky R. 2008. Cultural control practices for Fusarium Head Blight: Problems <br /> and solutions. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fusarium Head <br /> Blight Symposium and 10th European Fusarium Seminar, Szeged, HUNGARY, <br /> September 1-5, 2008, Cereal Research Communications, 36(Supplementum B):653-<br /> 657.<br /> <br /> Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Cultural control practices in the management of Fusarium headblight. In: Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, December 2-4, 2008, p. 19.<br /> <br /> Dill-Macky, R., Elakkad, A.M., Wennberg, K.J., Tumer, N.E., Di, R., Shah, J. and Dahleen, L.S. 2008. Testing transgenic spring wheat and barley lines for reaction to Fusarium head blight: 2008 field nursery report. In: Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, December 2-4, 2008, p. 107.<br /> <br /> Dyer, A.T., Johnston, R.H., Hogg, A.C., and Johnston, J.A. 2009. Comparison of pathogenicity of the Fusarium crown rot complex (F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum) on hard red spring and durum wheat. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-009-9488-1.<br /> <br /> Franzen, D.W., McMullen, M.V., and Mosset, D.S. 2008. Spring wheat and durum yield and disease responses to copper fertilization of mineral soils. Agronomy J. 100:371-375.<br /> <br /> Gautam, P. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Post inoculation moisture and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum in wheat. Phytopathology, 98:S58.<br /> <br /> Gautam, P. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Post inoculation moisture impacts <br /> deoxynivalenol accumulation in Fusarium graminearum-infected wheat. Proceedings of the X International Fusarium and Fusarium Genomics Workshop, Alghero, Sardinia (ITALY), August 30 - September 2, 2008, Journal of Plant Pathology, 90 (3, Supplement):81.<br /> <br /> Gautam, P. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. 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Genetic diversity of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, in Kansas winter wheat. J. Agric. Food Environ. Sci. vol. 2 (online) http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2008/articles/1377.pdf<br /> <br /> Krenz, J.E, Sackett, K.E., and Mundt, C.C. 2008 Specificity of incomplete resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat. Phytopathology 98:555-561. <br /> <br /> Lingenfelser, J., De Wolf, E., Fritz, A., Knapp, M., Whitworth, J., Claassen, M., Gordon, B., Heer, W., Kimball, J., Maddux, L., Evans, P., Long, J., Martin, J., Sloderbeck, P., Spangler, M., Schlegel, A., Chen, R., Miller, R., Bockus, W., and Shroyer, J. 2008. Wheat Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties: Report of Progress. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; No. 999.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D.K., Grunwald, N. J. and Dyer, A.T. 2009. Population structure, races, and host range of Aphanomyces eutieches from alfalfa production fields in the central USA. Eur. J. 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B: 563-568. <br /> <br /> McMullen, M. 2009. Disease management in zero-till. Pages 57-58 in: Proc. of 31st Manitoba-North Dakota Zero Tillage Farmers Assoc. Workshop, Feb. 17-19, 2009, Brandon, MB. Zero Tillage Farmers Assoc., A. Ness, Executive Sec., Underwood, ND.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Jordahl, J., and Meyer, S. 2008. Infection timing and moisture duration effects on FHB and DON development in spring wheat and durum, ND. Page 43 in: Canty, S.M., E. Alton, A. Clark, D. Ellis, J. Mundell, and D.A. Van Sanford (Eds). Proc. 2008 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec. 2-4, 2008. Indianapolis, IN. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY <br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Markell, S., Knodel, J. 2008. 2008 North Dakota IPM Field Crop Disease Survey. Pages 14-18 in: NDSU 2009 Crop Production Guide No. 19, NDSU Extension Service. 271 p.<br /> <br /> McMullen, Marcia P. and Markell, Samuel G. 2008. 2009 North Dakota Field Crop Fungicide Guide. NDSU Extension Circular PP-622 (revised). 62p.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Markell, S., and Rasmussen, J. 2008. Rust diseases of wheat in North Dakota. NDSU Extension Circular PP-1361. 4 p.<br /> <br /> McMullen, M., Zhong, S., and Neate, S. 2008. Fusarium head blight (scab) of small grains. NDSU Extension Circular PP-804 (revised). 4 p.<br /> <br /> Mengistu, N., Baenziger, P. S., Wegulo, S., Counsell, J., and Dowell, F. 2008. Using optical sorting techniques to select for lower scab disease in segregating populations. Pages 184-185 in: Proceedings of the 2008 Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Crowne Plaza Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2-4 December, 2008.<br /> <br /> Mundt, C.C. 2009. Importance of autoinfection to the epidemiology of polycyclic, foliar disease. Phytopathology 99:1116-1120.<br /> <br /> Mundt, C. C., Sackett, K. E., Wallace, L. D., Cowger, C., and Dudley, J. P. 2009. Aerial dispersal and multiple-scale spread of epidemic disease. Ecohealth:in press.<br /> <br /> Mundt, C. C., Sackett, K. E., Wallace, L. D., Cowger, C., and Dudley, J. P. 2009. Long distance dispersal and accelerating waves of disease: Empirical relationships. American Naturalist 173:456-466. <br /> <br /> Mundt, C.C., Brunet, J., and Sackett, K.E. 2008. Impact of density and disease on frequency-dependent selection and genetic polymorphism: Experiments with stripe rust and wheat. Evolutionary Ecology 22:637-657.<br /> <br /> Murray, T.D. 2009. Winter Climate Change and interaction with Diseases of Wheat in the Pacific Northwest U.S. Program and Abstracts, Northwest Scientific Association Annual Meeting, pages 47-48 (abstr.).<br /> <br /> Murray, T. 2009. The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative: What is it and why should we care? Wheat Life 52:32-34. <br /> <br /> Nita, M., De Wolf, E., Madden, L., Paul, P., Shaner, G., Adhikari, T, Ali, S., Stein, J., Osborne, L. and Wegulo, S. 2008. Use of mechanistic simulation models to predict disease intensity of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol concentration. Phytopathology 98:S113. <br /> <br /> Nita, M., De Wolf, E.and Isard, S. 2008. Decline in viability of Gibberella zeae ascospores after exposure to solar radiation. Phytopathology 98:S113. <br /> <br /> Nita, M., De Wolf, E., Paul, P., Madden, L., Stein, J., Ali, S. and Wegulo, S. 2008. Prediction models for deoxynivalenol accumulation risk using empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches. 2008. In: Canty, S., Walton, A. Clark, D., Ellis, J., Mundell, J. and Van Sanford, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2008 National Fusarium Head Bight Forum; 2008 Dec 2-4; Indianapolis, IN. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky. Pp 49. <br /> <br /> Nita, M., De Wolf, E., Madden, L., Paul, P., Shaner, G., Adhikari, T., Ali, S., Stein, J., Osborn, L., and Wegulo, S. 2008. Use of mechanistic simulation models to predict disease intensity of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol concentration. Phytopathology 98:S113.<br /> <br /> Nita, M., De Wolf, E., Paul, P., Madden, L., Stein, J., Ali, S., and Wegulo, S. 2008. Prediction models for deoxynivalenol accumulation risk using empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches. Page 49 in: Proceedings of the 2008 Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Crowne Plaza Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2-4 December, 2008.<br /> <br /> Paul, P. A., Madden, L., McMullen, M., Hershman, D., Sweets, L., Wegulo, S., Halley, S., Osborne, L., Ruden, K., and Padgett, B. 2008. Integrated management of FHB and DON in small grain: 2008 uniform trials. Page 52 in: Proceedings of the 2008 Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Crowne Plaza Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2-4 December, 2008.<br /> <br /> Pereyra, S.A. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Colonization of the residues of diverse plant species by Giberella zeae and their contribution to Fusarium head blight inoculum. Plant Dis., 92:800-807.<br /> <br /> Pérez, C., Dill-Macky, R. and Kinkel, L.L. 2008. Management of soil microbial <br /> communities to enhance populations of Fusarium graminearum-antagonists in soil. Plant Soil., 302:53-69.<br /> <br /> Pérez, C., Dill-Macky, R. and Kinkel, L.L. 2008. Enhanced populations of indigenous soil microorganisms antagonistic to Fusarium graminearum obtained by the incorporation of green manures. Proceedings of the Second Uruguayan Workshop on Microbial Agents for Biological Control (Segundo Taller Uruguayo de Argentes Microbianos de Control Biológico), Colonia, URUGUAY, September 4-5, 2008.<br /> <br /> Ransom, J.K., and McMullen, M.V. 2008. Yield and disease control on hard winter wheat cultivars with foliar fungicides. Agronomy J. 100:1130-1137.<br /> <br /> Sackett, K. E., and Mundt, C. C. 2009. Effect of plot geometry on epidemic velocity of wheat yellow rust. Plant Pathology 58:370-377.<br /> <br /> Shin, S., Mackintosh, C.A., Lewis, J., Heinen, S.J., Radmer, L., Dill-Macky, R., <br /> Baldridge, G.D., Zeyen, R.J. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2008. Transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase gene has enhances resistance against Fusarium graminearum. J. Exp. Bot., 59:2371-2387.<br /> <br /> Singh, S., Bockus, W. W., Sharma, I, and Bowden, R. L. 2008. A novel source of resistance in wheat to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1. Plant Dis. 92:91-95.<br /> <br /> Sun, X. C., Bockus, W., and Bai, G. 2008. Quantitative trait loci for wheat resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in Chinese landrace WSB. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy.<br /> <br /> Wegulo, S. N., Nopsa, J. H., and Bockus, W. W. 2008. Effects of fungicide treatments and cultivars on FHB and DON in winter wheat. 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Impact Statements

1. Given the renewed importance of rust diseases, members of WERA-097 reviewed procotols monitoring stripe (Puccinia striiformis), stem (P. graminis), and leaf (P. recondita) rust populations. Plans were made to optimize state monitoring as well as to coordinate with rust experts to provide a more comprehensive assessment of population (race) changes.
2. Members of WERA-097 devised monitoring sites and procedures for High Plains disease of corn and wheat to identify potential inoculum sources. A network of committee members continues to survey for Karnal bunt in wheat throughout the region and has played an important role in determining how best to handle this disease when it is found outside the initial infestation sites in California and Arizona.
3. WERA-097 members have assessed nematode populations in most of the northwestern United States to address new information about losses due to root lesion nematodes and cereal cyst nematodes in wheat production.
4. WERA-097 educated its own members and other invited academic and industry participants, such as the Western Wheat Workers, on new approaches for controlling chronic disease problems (e.g., take-all root rot and Fusarium crown rot) and on the importance of newly identified pests such as nematodes in some semi-arid regions. Participants have acquired the technical knowledge to evaluate potential pest problems within their own states.
5. WERA-097 maintains a Web site (http://plantsciences.montana.edu/wera97/Default.htm) and an electronic mailing list server (wcc97@listserv.montana.edu) to enhance communication and coordination. These serve Committee members and the Committees clientele by providing useful information in a timely manner and permitting rapid dissemination of information. In addition, WERA-097 has been actively involved in facilitating the publication of materials regarding cereal diseases for use by farmers, extension personnel, and researchers.
6. Following discovery of Karnal bunt in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), the quick response to achieve containment and ongoing monitoring for new appearances of the disease allowed grain exports from PNW states to continue. In contrast, the quarantine of Arizona and California due to Karnal bunt prevented export of grain from those states.
7. Pathologists in Kansas were provided with barley yellow dwarf (BYD) virus-resistant germplasm for inclusion in a crossing block to be used to enhance resistance to BYD in winter wheat cultivars. This could save wheat producers in Kansas $13.4 million per year.
8. Research resulted in improved resistance to eyespot in winter wheat cultivars and led to a significant reduction in crop acreage treated with fungicides for control of this disease. Its estimated that the wheat industry in Washington saves $5 million annually in fungicide costs alone by not treating for this disease.
9. A new race of the wheat foliar pathogen Septoria tritici developed in far-western (ID who these states are) states and that resistance in existing cultivars was not effective against it. Concerned that a similar situation might develop in Kansas, isolates from Oregon and California were sent to Kansas for laboratory comparison to Kansas isolates to help predict whether resistance currently deployed in Kansas cultivars would remain effective.

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Report Information

Participants

Juliet Windes (jwindes@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho; Dill-Mackey, Ruth (ruthdm@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Mundt, Christopher (mundtc@science.oregonstate.edu)  Oregon State University; Murray, Timothy (tim_murray@wsu.edu  Washington state University; Dyer, Alan (adyer@montana.edu)  Montana State University; Burrows, Mary (mburrows@montanan.edu)  Montana State University; Stein, Jeff (jeff.stein@sdstaet.edu)  South Dakota State University; Dale Clark (dclark@WESTBRED.COM)  Westbred, Inc. ; John Sherwood (sherwood@montana.edu)  Montana State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

The joint meeting of WERA-97 and the Western Wheat Workers (WWW) was held at Montana State University in Bozeman July 13-14, 2010 and was hosted by Alan Dyer and Luther Talbert. The meeting began Tuesday with a opening remarks by Dr. John Sherwood, Head of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department at MSU. Alan Dyer provided the meeting agenda and details concerning lodging and meals.

Western Wheat Workers Joint Technical Reports were presented in the morning followed by WERA-97 research reports in the afternoon. Following lunch, tours were provided at the MSU Post Farm by Phil Buchner (MSU winter wheat breeder), Mike Giroux, MSU cereal quality researcher, Alan Dyer and Mary Burrows, MSU plant pathologists and Luther Talbert, MSU spring what breeder. This was followed by a tour of Westbred (a unit of Monsanto) led by Dale Clark and Craig Cook. Dinner was hosted by Westbred at their facility in Bozeman.

On Wednesday, July 14, state reports were presented followed by separate business meetings of WWW and WERA 97. The two groups will host separate meetings in 2011, with WERA 97 meeting in St. Paul MN hosted by Ruth Dill-Mackey and the 2012 meeting is tentatively planned for Pullman Washington and hosted by Tim Murray.

The meeting was adjourned at noon, May 28.

Presentations
Janet Mattson, President of the U.S. Wheat Associates, spoke to the group and described the mission of the U.S. Wheat Associates. She also talked about her farming operation in Montana.
Dale Clark from WestBred (a unit of Monsanto), described the involvement of industry and biotechnology in the wheat industry. After describing technologies available for wheat development at Monsanto, he proposed partnerships between Monsanto and public wheat breeders.

Mike Pumphrey, the new spring wheat breeder at WSU is involved with the Gates Foundation Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat Program. He is screening collections for resistance, developing techniques to allow successful use of alien genes, and developing DNA markers for these genes. He described progress in identifying new genes for both seedling and adult plant resistance.

Tim Murray, WSU, described efforts to control Black Stem Rust in the PNW. Tim is examining the effects remnant barberry populations, the sexual hosts of the pathogen, are having local stem rust epidemics and the need for renewed eradication efforts. High variability in rust races occurs in fields surrounding remnant barberry populations indicating that sexual reproduction is high. There is concern that a race similar to Ug99 would develop at this locations and move into Midwest. Rust samples are being monitored, collected and archived. Education efforts for growers, field scouts and decision makers are being implemented.

John Lockie, USDA, Risk Management Assessment, described the function of his regional office, which has responsibility for 4 states (MT, SD, ND, and WY) and writes rules for crop insurance, which is based on dollars, not yield (bu). He described how crop insurance works and its role in farming. He also described the relevance of risk assessment and crop insurance to wheat growers in his region in mitigating losses due to diseases and pests.

Jackie Campbell, a doctoral candidate form Dr. Li Huangs lab at MSU presented research on novel sources of resistance to wheat rust diseases. The goal is to find and mutate suppressor genes (that suppress the defense response). While these may be host or pathogen gene products, they are looking at the host. Using a mutagenized susceptible wheat seed population, they screened for rust resistance. Three mutants have been identified; all 3 are resistant to leaf rust, 2 are resistant to stem rust, and one to stripe rust. They are currently looking at the agronomic consequences of the mutations;

Charles Erickson, USDA-ARS, National Small grains Collection in Aberdeen Idaho, described a new technique for determining ploidy level in wheat using a Partec CyFlow analyzer. Using flow cytometry, one can stain the nuclei and the cyometer measures the amount of DNA. You get separate peaks for diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid nuclei.


State Reports

Washington
Tim Murray described the Stripe Rust Epidemic and mentioned that Cephelsporium eye spot showing up again because new winter wheat varieties lack resistance. They are also seeing physiologic leaf spot sue to chlorine deficiency.

South Dakota
Jeff Stein said they are seeing Tan spot and Septoria; leaf rust was moderate last year;
High scab levels in whiner wheat and take-all is higher as well.

Oregon
Chris Mundt reoprted that stripe rust levels are high and crown rot is a growing concnern.

Montana
Alan Dyer said that leaf diseases (e.g. leaf rust and leaf spots) are up because of increased moisture this year as were Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and take-all.

Minnesota
Ruth Dill-Macky reported that in 2008 MN had some tan spot and that it looks similar this year. They are seeing some leaf rust and, stripe rust as well. Scab was light last year and is modest so far this year. Common root rot is up.

Idaho
Juliet Windes reported that Pythium has been high and nematodes are a problem in wheat. In barley, Xanthomonas and scald have been problematic. Head blight is slowly increasing in Idaho over the years. Septoria tritici was found in Idaho for the first time.

Accomplishments

<br /> Technology was transferred from WSU to Western Labs Inc, Parma, Idaho for the molecular detection and quantification of Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp. using quantitative real-time PCR in soils. A Small Business Innovation Research grant was developed to enable them to scale up the service, which is now offered to wheat and potato growers across the Pacific Northwest.<br /> WSU evaluated more than 15,000 wheat and 5,000 barley entries for stripe rust resistance; and supported breeding programs in releasing several new cultivars with stripe rust resistance<br /> Identified more than 20 different genes and mapped one new gene for effective resistance to stripe rust.<br /> <br /> WSU developed more than 60 new wheat germplasms with more than 20 genes conferring effective resistance to stripe rust.<br /> <br /> WSU identified the first group of 65 genes of the stripe rust pathogen involved in interactions with wheat plants and revealed major evolutionary mechanisms of the pathogen.<br /> <br /> WSU identified new races and determined frequencies and distributions of stripe rust races.<br /> <br /> WSU evaluated more than 20 fungicide treatments in control of stripe rust. <br /> <br /> WSU developed a model to predict the optimum timing of glyphosate sprayout before planting for greenbridge control of Rhizoctonia. <br /> <br /> WSU discovered aluminum toxicity on wheat in bluegrass rotations in Spokane and Latah counties. <br /> Biogeography of Pythium and Rhizoctonia in Eastern Washington. <br /> <br /> WSU discovered QTLs on Chromosome 3B for resistance to Fusarium crown rot.<br /> <br /> WSU evaluated over 40 wheat varieties and advanced breeding lines for resistance to eyespot and Cephalosporium strip.<br /> <br /> WSU evaluated 4 fungicides for control of eyespot.<br /> <br /> WSU initiated a survey of lesion and cereal cyst nematode in Eastern Washington in spring and summer, 2010. <br /> <br /> WSU initiated a survey of Rhizoctonia in cereal growing across the U.S. Continuing testing of seed treatments from Syngenta, BASF, and Bayer.<br /> <br /> WSU and MSU diagnosed disease samples from growers.<br /> <br /> WSU and MSU presented talks at grower meetings and field days.<br /> <br /> WSU and MSU developed and distributed rust disease updates to stakeholders. <br /> <br /> WSU established field plots to quantify yield loss due to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus, which was recognized recently in Washington.<br /> <br /> At KSU, disease phenotypes were determined in the greenhouse for numerous wheat accessions of importance to breeders, geneticists, and extension specialists. Phenotypes were determined for reaction to tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, Septoria tritici blotch, and Fusarium head blight. 18 field experiments were completed including wheat disease phenotyping nurseries (foliar disease complex, barley yellow dwarf, and Fusarium head blight), fungicide efficacy trials (foliar and seed-treatment for control of tan spot/leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, Cephalosporium stripe, take-all, Fusarium-damaged kernels, barley yellow dwarf, and common bunt), and epidemiological studies. <br /> KSU coordinated the update of cooperative fungicide efficacy tables for wheat disease management.<br /> <br /> KSU was involved in the cooperative development and deployment of disease prediction models for Fusarium head blight in 24 states where this disease has been a serious production problem. This iIncluded new technologies to communicate disease risk and timely management information to wheat and barley producers throughout the region.<br /> <br /> KSU organized workshops to coordinate the preparations for potential arrival of Ug99 stem rust in North America. This Includes development of a multi-state publication targeting identification of stem rust and other rust diseases of wheat and barley.<br /> <br /> The Oregon Wheat Breeding Program has conducted a very successful germplasm exchange with Nickerson seeds of Europe. The French and English materials have proven to be sources of increased resistance to several diseases, including Cephalosporium stripe, eyespot, and stripe rust.<br /> OSU mapping studies are being intensively pursued to identify QTL for resistance to Cephalospirium stripe, Fusarium crown rot, Septoria, stripe rust, and other diseases. <br /> The reactions of hard red spring wheat, barley and oat cultivars to various diseases prevalent in Minnesota were disseminated to small grains producers on the Minnesota Variety Trials Results. This information provides growers with options and aids them in selecting cultivars that are appropriate for their area and risk level for the diseases prevalent in Minnesota.<br /> In UMN, breeding material for Fusarium Head Blight (wheat, barley and oat), leaf rust (wheat), stem rust (wheat), tan spot (wheat), net blotch (barley), septoria (wheat and barley) and loose smut (oat) were screened on up to 5,000 wheat, 12,000 barley and 1,500 oat lines in 2009. The data are used by wheat breeders and geneticists to make selections for improved resistance.<br /> UMN tested fungicides on wheat and barley for efficacy to Fusarium head blight as part of a national cooperative effort and recommendations of best management practices are made available to growers through the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (USWBSI) and MAES websites.<br /> AT MSU, three research projects were completed. These were a survey or root and crown pathogens of spring and winter wheat in central Montana, a study examining interactions between Fusarium pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiana within wheat stems and a rotational study involving the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus.<br /> At MSU, a project addressing wheat variety and grassy weed susceptibility to Wheat streak mosaic virus is anticipated to be completed in fall 2010. <br /> A stem rust fungicide trial established at MSU in 2009 showed a yield benefit from any fungicide application, with trizoles performing better at reducing disease symptoms than strobiliurins. An expanded version of this study is being repeated in 2010.<br /> In the fall of 2009, a new study was set up along with MSU and Dr. Jeff Stein at South Dakota State University looking at the economics of seed treatments in northern winter wheat production systems. Seed treatments in small grains are in a great deal of flux with new materials being recently registered or very shortly registered. With little public information on these treatments, this study will provide growers with a real world glimpse at how this product will perform. This is a three year study with a tentative completion date of 2011. The project will stress the potential effect seed treatments may have on winter survival of winter wheat in areas prone to winterkill of Montana and South Dakota. <br /> MSU established an early season, small-plot fungicide trial at the Northern Ag Research Center in Havre, MT as well as three on-farm locations in Pondera, Liberty, and Hill counties. This will complement previously published field-scale information (Burrows, Olmstead and Grey. 2009. MontGuide MT200913AG) on the lack of yield benefits to early season fungicide applications to dryland winter wheat. <br /> A wheat pest calendar featuring four common plant disease, insect, and weed problems in wheat was well received by the Ag community and an updated calendar funded for 2011. <br />

Publications

Kansas Publications <br /> Kabbage, M., Leslie, J. F., Hulbert, S. H., and Bockus, W. W. 2009. Comparison of natural populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola from single fields in Kansas and California. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 74:55-59/ doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2009.002 (KAES #07-205 J)<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Baenziger, P. S., and Ibrahim, A. M. H. 2009. Reaction of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF006. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2009. Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to barley yellow dwarf, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF004. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2009. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF007. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W. De Wolf, E., and Wegulo, S. N. 2009. Host resistance correlated with the amount of DON reduction with fungicide on winter wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF008. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Eddy, R. E., and De Wolf, E. D. 2009. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot and leaf rust of winter wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF005. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Bockus, W. W., Fritz, A. K., and Martin, T. J. 2009. Reaction of the 2008 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to Fusarium head blight. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF009. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Wegulo, S. N., Hernandez Nopsa, J., and Bockus, B. 2009. Effects of Prosaro fungicide and cultivars on Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF028. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<br /> <br /> Appel, J. A., De Wolf, E., Bockus, W. W., Bowden, R. L., and Todd, T. 2009. Prelimilary 2009 Kansas Wheat Disease Loss Estimates. Kansas Cooperative Plant Disease Survey Report. (http://www.ksda.gov/includes/document_center/plant_protection/ Plant%20Disease%20Reports/2009KSWheatDiseaseLossEstimates.pdf)<br /> <br /> Lingenfelser, J., Bockus, B., DeWolf, E., Fritz, A., Knapp, M., Whitworth, J., Claassen, M., Gordon, W. B., Heer, W., Kimball, J., Maddux, L., Evans, P., Long, J., Martin, T. J., Schlegel, A., Sloderbeck, P., Spangler, M., Chen, R., McLaughlin, L., Miller, R., Shroyer, J., and Warner, M. 2009 Performance Tests. Pages 5-26 in: 2009 Kansas Wheat Seed Book. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress No. 1018. 46 pp.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Montana Publications:<br /> Burrows, M., Franc, G., Rush, C., Blunt, T., Ito, D., Kinzer, K., Olson, J., O'Mara, J., Price, J., Tande, C., Ziems, A., Stack, J. 2009. Occurrence of viruses in wheat in the Great Plains region, 2008. Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-0706-01-RS. This manuscript was also an APSnet feature article, September. www.apsnet.org.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., D. Ito, W. Grey. 2009. Cereal viruses of importance in Montana. Montana State University. Extension MontGuide MT200911AG.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., J. Olmstead, and W. Grey. 2009. Fungal, bacterial and physiological leaf diseases of cereal crops (wheat, durum, barley). Montana State University Extension MontGuide MT200913AG.<br /> <br /> Burrows, M., D. Weaver and F. Menalled. 2009. Wheat pest calendar, 2010. 1000 copies distributed.<br /> <br /> Hogg, A.C., Johnston, R.H., Johnston, J.A., Klouser, L., Kephart, K.D., and Dyer, A.T. 2010. Monitoring Fusarium crown rot populations in spring wheat residues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 100:49-57.<br /> Theses:<br /> Moya, E. 2010. Distribution and interaction of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana and development of an integrated management program for Fusarium crown rot. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State University. 250pp. (Thesis advisers: Drs. B. Jacobsen and A. Dyer)<br /> Zuck, P.C. 2010. Evaluation of alternative crops for management of Pratylenchus neglectus in Montana winter wheat production. MS Thesis. Montana State University. 71pp. (Thesis adviser: A. Dyer) <br /> Presentations:<br /> Burrows, M. and J. Stack. 2009. Great Plains Diagnostic Network Regional wheat virus survey: Collaboration, communication, research and extension outcomes. NPDN NationalMeeting, Miami, FL. December 6-10. Poster.<br /> <br /> Ito, D., Moffet, M. D., and Burrows, M. E. 2009. Quantitative analysis of susceptibility to Wheat streak mosaic virus among alternate hosts and winter wheat varieties in the Great Plains. Phytopathology 99: S57-S57.<br /> <br /> Karen, I.N. Menalled, F., Weaver, K.D., Dyer, A. and Robison-Cox, J. 2009. Joint managementof wheat stem sawfly, Fusarium crown rot and cheat grass: assessing the ecological basis of a total systems approach to pest management strategies. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America<br /> <br /> Menalled, F., Z. Miller, M. Burrows and N. Orloff. Direct and interactive effects of plant stressors on winter wheat yields and crop-weed competition. Weed Science Society of America, Denver, CO. February 7-11. Poster.<br /> <br /> Moya, E.A., Dyer, A., Hogg, A., and Jacobsen, B. 2009. Determining distributioin and prevalence of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot in Montana wheat using realtime qPCR. Phytopathology 99:S89-S89.<br /> <br /> Skoglund, L. and Burrows, M. 2009. Innovative ways to educate ourselves and our clientele: examples from Montana. NPDN National Meeting, Miami, FL. December 6-10. Poster.<br /> <br /> Extension:<br /> 24 AgAlerts with approximately 4,700 contacts<br /> Ten fact sheets on High Plains IPM (wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM)<br /> 11 press releases<br /> Minnesota Publications<br /> St. Pierre, S.L, Gustus, C., Steffenson, B.J., Dill-Macky, R. and Smith, K.P. (2010). Mapping net form net blotch and Septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance loci in barley. Phytopathology, 100:80-84.<br /> Dill-Macky, R. (2009). Fusarium head blight: A global threat to food safety in cereals. Bioforsk Fokus, 4:138-139.<br /> Gautam, P. and Dill-Macky, R. (2009). Pre-harvest moisture impacts wheat quality through Fusarium head blight (FHB) development and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Phytopathology, 99:S159.<br /> Dahleen, L., Dill-Macky, R., Shah, J., Muehlbauer, G., Skadsen, R., Manoharan, M., Abebe. T. and Jurgenson, J. (2009). Transgenic field trials for FHB resistance and related research in wheat and barley. In: Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Ottowa, Ontario, CANADA, November 1-4, 2009, p. 38.<br /> Gale, L.R., Dill-Macky, R., Anderson, J.A., Smith, K.P. and Kistler, H.C. (2009). Aggressiveness and mycotoxin potential of U.S. Fusarium graminearum populations in field-grown wheat and barley. In: Proceedings of the 2009 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 7-9, 2009, p. 173.<br /> Dill-Macky, R., Wennberg, K.J., Scanlan, T.C., Muehlbauer, G.J., Shin, S., Shah, D., Kaur, J. and Dahleen, L.S. (2009). Testing transgenic spring wheat and barley lines for reaction to Fusarium head blight: 2009 field nursery report. In: Proceedings of the 2009 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 7-9, 2009, p. 189.<br /> Smith, K.P., Massman, J., Cooper, B., Horsley, R., Neate S., Dill-Macky, R., Chao, S., Dong, Y. and Schwarz, P. (2008). Association mapping Fusarium head blight QTL using contemporary barley breeding germplasm. In: Proceedings of the 19th North American Barley Researchers Workshop, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, October 29, 2008.<br /> WA Publications:<br /> Bockus, W.W., R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds. 2010. Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis.<br /> Carter, A. H., Chen, X. M., Garland-Campbell, K., and Kidwell, K. K. 2009. Identifying QTL for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Louise. Theor. Appl. Genet. 119:1119-1128.<br /> Chen, X., T. Murray, and D. Roberts. 2010. Following the links: Stemming a worrisome rust. Wheat Life 53:57-59.<br /> Chen, J., Souza, E. J., Zemetra, R. S. Bosque-Pérez, N. A., Guttieri, M. J., Schotzko, D., O'Brien, K. M., Windes, J. W., Guy, S. O., Brown, B. D., Chen, X. M. 2009. Registration of Cataldo soft white spring wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations. 3:264-268. <br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF038.<br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF039.<br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Testing fungicide Evito for control of stripe rust on spring wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF040.<br /> Chen, X. M. 2009. Stripe rust. Pages 55-56 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects. W. W. Bockus et al. (ed.). APS Press.<br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF002. <br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF003.<br /> Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of spring barley with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF004. <br /> Cheng, P., and Chen, X. M. 2010. Molecular mapping of a gene for stripe rust resistance in spring wheat cultivar IDO377s. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121:195-204. <br /> De Wolf, E., T. Murray, P. Paul, L. Osborne, A. Tenuta, and M. Stadtlander. 2010. Identifying Rust Diseases of Wheat and Barley. USDA-CREES Extension IPM 2009-41533-05331.<br /> Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E.G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Whitt, D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X., and Cambron, S. E. 2009. Registration of USG 3555 wheat. J. of Plant Registration 3:273-278.<br /> Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones Jr., E. H., Whitt, D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X., and Cambron, S. E. 2009. Registration of 5205 wheat. J. of Plant Registration 3-283-288.<br /> Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of Jamestown wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:28-33.<br /> Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones, E. H., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of Shirley wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:38-43.<br /> Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones, E. H., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of 3434 wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:44-49.<br /> Jones, S. S., Lyon, S. R., Balow, K. A., Gollnick, M. A., Murphy, K. M., Kuehner, J. S., Murray, T. D., Chen, X. M., Engle, D. A., and Campbell, K. G. 2010. Registration of Xerpha Wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 4:137-140.<br /> Kidwell, K. K., Shelton, G. B., DeMacon, V. L., Chen, X. M., Kuehner, J. S., Baik, B., Engle, D. A., Carter, A. H., and Bosque-Pérez, N. A. 2009. Registration of Kelse wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 3:269-272.<br /> Kidwell. K. K., Shelton, G. B., DeMacon, V. L., Kuehner, J. S., Baik, B., Engle, D. A., Bosque-Pérez, N. A., Burke, A., Carter, A. H., and Chen, X. M. 2009. Registration of Whit wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 3:279-282.<br /> Kwak, Y. S., Bakker, P. A. H. M., Glandorf, D. C. M., Rice, J. T., Paulitz, T. C., and Weller. D. M. 2010. Isolation, characterization, and Sensitivity to 2, 4- diacetylphloroglucinol of isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington wheat fields. Phytopathology Vol. 100, No. 5, pg. 404-414.<br /> Liu, B., Xue, X. D., Cui, S. P., Zhang, X. Y., Han, Q. M., Zhu, L., Liang, X. F., Wang, X. J., Huang, L. L., Chen, X. M., and Kang, Z. S. 2010. Cloning and characterization of a wheat ²-1,3-glucanase gene induced by the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Mol. Bio. Rep. 37:1045-1052. <br /> Ma, J. B., Huang, X. L., Wang, X. J., Chen, X. M., Qu, Z. P., Huang, L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2009. Isolation of expressed genes during compatible interaction between stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and wheat using a cDNA library. BMC Genomics 10:586.<br /> Ma, J. B., Chen, X. M., Wang, M. N., and Kang, Z. S. 2009. Constructing physical and genomic maps for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stripe rust pathogen, by comparing its EST sequences to the genomic sequence of P. graminis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stem rust pathogen. Comparative and Genomics. Vol. 2009, Article ID 302620.<br /> MacDonald, J., C. Allen, D. Gadoury, W. Jacobi, S. Kelemu, J. Moyer, T. Murray, K. Ong, C. Pearson, J. Sherwood, and A. Vidaver. 2009. Education in plant pathology: Present status and future challenges. Plant Disease 93:1238-1251.<br /> Mohd Jaaffar, A., Weller, D. M., Paulitz, T. C. And Thomashow, L. S. 2010. Effect of pH on the growth of Rhizoctonia spp. from cereal-based cropping systems in eastern Washington State. Phytopathology Vol. 100, No. 6, pg. S85. <br /> Murphy, L. R., Santra, D., Kidwell, K., Yan, G. P., Chen, X. M., and Campbell, K. G. 2009. Linkage maps of wheat stripe rust resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15 for use in marker assisted selection. Crop Sci. 49:1786-1790.<br /> Murray, T.D. 2010. Diseases caused by fungi and fungal-like organisms. Pages 15-16 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. <br /> Murray, T.D. 2010. Eyespot (Strawbreaker foot rot). Pages 32-34 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis.<br /> Murray, T.D. 2010. Snow Rot. Pages 72-73 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis.<br /> Murray, T.D. 2010. Speckled Snow Mold (Typhula Blight). Pages 73-74 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis.<br /> Murray, T.D. 2009. Winter Climate Change and interaction with Diseases of Wheat in the Pacific Northwest U.S. Program and Abstracts, Northwest Scientific Association Annual Meeting, pages 47-48 (abstr.).<br /> Murray, T. 2009. The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative: What is it and why should we care? Wheat Life 52:32-34. <br /> Murray, T., Milus, G., DeWolf, E., Dill-Macky, R., Steffenson, B., Wegulo, S., Bergstrom, G., Sorrells, M., McMullen, M., Paul, P., Hunger, R., Mundt, C., Isard, S., Stein, J., Baker, H., Bulluck, R., Divan, C., Engle, J., Hebbar, P., Bowden, B., Carson, M., Chen, X., Jin, Y., Marshall, D., Smith, K., and Szabo, L. 2010. Recovery plan for stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99. National Plant Disease Recovery System, a cooperative project of The American Phytopathological Society and The United States Department of Agriculture, posted at http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/npdrs.<br /> Murray, T.D., H. Pappu, R.W. Smiley. 2009. First report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus in Washington State. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-1204-01-BR.<br /> Murray, T. and H. Wetzel. 2010. Got rot? Wheat Life 53(5):50-53.<br /> Murray, T., H. Wetzel III, K. Esvelt-Klos, and H. Sheng. 2009. Strawbreaker Foot Rot, Cephalosporium Stripe, and Snow Mold Diseases of Winter Wheat. Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 09-1.<br /> Nishio, Z., A. Hayata, T. Tabiki, N. Iriki, M. Ito and T.D. Murray. 2010. Mapping a gene conferring resistance to Wheat yellow mosaic virus in European winter wheat cultivar Ibis (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breeding (DOI 10.1007/s10681-010-0229-5).<br /> Okubara, P. A., Paulitz, T. C. And Hulbert, S. 2010. Going to war: WSU scientists team up to combat Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Wheat Life 53: pg. 56-57. <br /> Okubara, P. A., Schroeder, K. L. and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Out of sight, not out of mind. Getting to the root of fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Wheat Life 53: pg. 60-63. <br /> Paulitz, T. C., Schroeder, K. L., and Schillinger, W. F. 2010. Soilborne pathogens of cereals in an irrigated cropping system: Effects of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation. Plant Disease Vol. 94, No. 1, pg. 61-66.<br /> Schillinger, W. F., Young, D. L., Kennedy, A.C, and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Diverse no-till irrigated crop rotations instead of burning and plowing continuous wheat. Field Crops Research Vol. 115, No. 1, pg. 39-49.<br /> Sheng, H. and T.D. Murray. 2009. Identifying Resistance Genes for Eyespot of Wheat in Aegilops longissima. Phytopathology (abstr.)(IN PRESS).<br /> Smith, K. M. Draper, K. Simmons, R. Bennett, P. Hebbar, M. Royer, T. Murray. 2009. Management strategies for new wheat stem rust strains in the U.S. Outlooks on Pest Management 20:148-52.<br /> Sui, X. X., Wang, M. N., and Chen, X. M. 2009. Molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in spring wheat cultivar Zak. Phytopathology 99:1209-<br /> 1215.<br /> Thompson, A., K. Campbell, D. Smiley, C. Steber, T. Paulitz, K. Riga, T. Murray, and A. Burke. 2009. Breeding for Plant Parasitic Nematode Resistance in Wheat. Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 09-1.<br /> Wang, X. J., Liu, W., Chen, X. M., Ma, J. B., Huang, X. L., Dong, Y. L., Liu, Bo., Zhao, J., Wei, G. R., Huang, L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2010. Differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between wheat and stripe rust fungus revealed by the cDNA-AFLP and comparison to compatible interaction. BMC Plant Biol. 10:9.<br /> Wetzel III, H.C., K. Esvelt Klos, and T.D. Murray. 2009. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Cephalosporium stripe, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF042.<br /> Wetzel III, H.C., K. Esvelt Klos, and T.D. Murray. 2009. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to eyespot, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF041.<br /> Yin, C. T., Chen, X. M., Wang, X. J., Han Q. M., Kang, Z. S., and Hulbert, S. 2009. Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. BMC Genomic 10:626. <br /> Yu, X. M., Wang, X. J., Wang, C. F., Chen, X. M., Qu, Z. P., Yu, X. D., Han, Q. M., Zhao, J., Guo J., Huang L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2010. Induction of wheat defense related genes in response to Puccinia striiformis. Funct. Integr. Genomics 10:227-239. <br /> Yin, C., Hulbert, S. H., Schroeder, K. L., Mavrodi, O., Mavrodi, D., Dhingra, A. and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Comparison of bacterial communities from inside and outside of Rhizoctonia bare patches in wheat. Phytopathology 100: S142. <br />

Impact Statements

1. Developed a new approach for efficient identification of different genes for disease resistance from a large number of germplasms.
2. Guided stripe rust management through disease forecasting and monitoring, cultivar selection, and fungicide application, which reduced major damage from the unusually severe stripe rust epidemic in the Pacific Northwest, saving growers multimillion dollars in 2010.
3. The web-based prediction models for Fusarium head blight received over 8,850 visits during the period when wheat is actively growing in the 24 states (April  August). A user survey conducted in 2009 included 593 respondents indicated that 70% of these users were either farm advisors or farmers. Other users of the system included university extension personnel and members of the grain marketing and milling industries. The survey also indicated that 77% of the users applied the information provided by the prediction system for direct on-farm management decisions, or providing recommendations for disease management. In 2009, 92% of the users considered the information to be of high or moderate value for their farm operations or organization. The estimated net value of the disease prediction system to U.S. wheat growers exceeds $47 million.
4. Initiated whole genome sequencing of the stripe rust pathogen.
5. Determined the impact of fungicides on wheat diseases is necessary to develop accurate chemical control recommendations.
6. The publication produced in preparation for the Ug99 stem rust was customized with logos and contact information (generally the NPDN labs) for use in 26 states and 1 Canadian province. A national version of the publication (regional hubs of NPDN as contacts) was developed for the USDA-CDL, and 2 states that did not want a customized version of the publication. The 33,600 printed publications were also distributed as part of the project.
7. Quantifying the impact of resistant cultivars, cultivar mixtures, tillage practices, and crop rotations on diseases gives wheat producers multiple options when managing diseases. All of these findings should help to improve management of wheat diseases in Kansas which cause an annual loss of over 40 million bushels. Overall efforts to control wheat diseases in Kansas (including development of resistant cultivars) have resulted in reducing statewide losses from 17% in the 1970s to about 10%, an annual savings of about $60 million.

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