Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/15/2006] [04/02/2007] [12/15/2007] [08/17/2009] [03/08/2010]

Report Information

Participants

Hunt, Tom (thunt2@unl.edu) - University of Nebraska;
Baute, Tracy (tracy.baute@omafra.gov.on.ca) - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture;
Mason, Chuck (mason@udel.edu) - University of Delaware;
Buntin, David (griffin@uga.edu) - University of Georgia;
Higgins, Randy (rhiggins@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Buschman, Larry (lbuschma@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Guse, Charles (cguse@uiuc.edu) - University of Illinois;
Porter, Patrick (p-porter@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M;
Sappington, Tom (tsapping@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS;
Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu) - University of Maryland;
Cullen, Eileen (cullen@entomology.wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin;
Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu) - Louisiana State University;
Andow, David (dandow@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Onstad, David (onstad@uiuc.edu) - University of Illinois;
DiFonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
McManus, Brad (bradley.mcmanus@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University;
Bernardo, Emiliana N. (fbernardo@cgiar.org) - University Philippines los Banos;
Cuaterno, Wilma R. (wrccpdoc@yahoo.com) - Bureau of Plant Industry, Dep. of Ag-Philippines;
Hellmich, Richard (rhellmi@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS;
Cronholm, Greg (g-cronholm@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M;
Sears, Mark (msears@uoguelph.ca) - University of Guelph;
Knodel, Janet (janet.knodel@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Boetel, Mark (mark.boetel@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Calvin, Dennis (ifa@psu.edu) - Pennsylvania State University;
Pueppke, Steve (pueppke@msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Bledsoe, Larry (lbledsoe@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
Hammond, Ron (hammond.5@osu.edu) - The Ohio State University;
Fuller, Billy (Billy_Fuller@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Monday, January 23, 2006
Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:30 a.m. Calvin announced he had accepted the position of Associate Director of Extension at Penn State, but would continue to serve as chair if that was acceptable.


Announcements and Short Discussion
Randy Higgins indicated that Sonny Ramaswamy has accepted a position at Purdue, so a search is underway at KSU for a Dept Head (Higgins is search committee chair). Pat Porter indicated that a grains entomologist position (asst. professor, 70% corn) is open at Texas A&M, Lubbock Research Station. Tom Sappington indicated a corn entomologist position (asst. or assoc. professor) is open at Iowa State. Dennis Calvin provided the following update on Wednesday's agenda. The meeting will begin at 7:30 a.m., as Sharlene Matten (EPA) will join us by conference call at 8:00 a.m. Rick Meyer and Bob Nowierski cannot make it to the meetings, so Steve Pueppke will present the administrative report on Wednesday after the conference call with Sharlene. Dennis Calvin called for the Committee's approve the 2005 meeting minutes? Tom Hunt entered a motion to approve to minutes. This was seconded by Galen Dively. A vote was called and the 2005 NC-205 minutes were approved. Pat Porter announced that the sugarcane borer has been found to have Bt resistance alleles in Louisiana. He asked the question of whether NC-205 wanted to provide an intellectual framework for resistance? The position more research was needed to verify and improve an IRM strategy (includiing monitoring) for sugarcane borer was passed by the committee. Galen Dively indicated that there is a movement away from non-target field studies by the EPA. They are now the moving to conduct three years of post-market monitoring. He suggested that this is a problem because effects of seed treatments applied to transgenics may confound interpretation of monitoring. Greg Cronholm indicated that there are issues that concern IRM requirements in the south, where cotton and corn are produced. There are changes in acreage devoted to cotton/corn, for example in parts of southern KS cotton production is increasing.


NC-205 publication NCR 327 discussion
Chuck Mason announced that the NC-205 publication "European corn borer ecology and management" needs revision and noted that a revision is a formal objective of the current project. Sections need to be expanded, new sections included, other crops considered, possibly other Lepidoptera. An outline of the current publication was given out three quarters of the pub is dedicated to ECB on corn, quarter on other commodities. Pat Porter suggested that the publication needs to be electronic and include video, interactive portions, regional aspects of management. Chuck Mason agreed to organize a NCR-327 revision committee (original group plus some new members). The following individuals were nominated and agreed to serve on the publication committee: Charles Mason (chairman), Marlin Rice, Bill Hutchinson, John VanDyk (if available), Dave Andow, Dennis Calvin, Rick Hellmich, Galen Dively, Randy Higgins, Tom Hunt, Traci Baute, and Pat Porter. Pat Porter volunteered to build a core for electronic version with modules. Larry Buschman asked about presenting to the public a debate of issues surrounding ECB management?


Bt/Asian corn borer discussion
NC-205 guests from the Philipines, Emiliana N. Bernardo and Wilma R. Cuaterno, led a discussion of the Bt corn and resistance management issues in Asia. A presentation "GM corn production in the Philippines" was given by Cuarterno and IRM research needs were discussed. The differences between North American and Philippine agriculture leads to many research needs and questions. Some of the issues of importance were the presence of many different open pollinated corn varieties, the small average field size (0.5 - 2.0 ha), the wet/dry season, the multiple alternate hosts for the borers, seed sales and education issues (e.g., wives attend extension meetings, not husbands), etc. Possible studies and deployment strategies were discussed as well as the evolution of IRM recommendations in North America. Monitoring of Bt genes in open pollinated corn was encouraged.



Review of Project Objectives, Progress and Impacts
Calvin: Led discussion of new project, reporting needs, etc. Each year we need to review the stated outcomes and impacts. We will be held accountable for those. Each State needs to know their responsibilities. We are not restricted to stated outputs, outcomes, or projected impacts.


Committee Member's Key Activities & Influences
Janet Knodel is the new North Dakota representative (3 weeks in job) and is interested in ECB genetics, non-targets, and collaborating with NC-205 members. Richard Hellmich indicated that he had participated in an IRM and non-target workshop in Serbia and a Biocontrol conference in Switzerland. Dennis Calvin also participated in the Switzerland conference on biocontrol. Galen Dively, Richard Hellmich, and Dennis Calvin all participated in a USDA/ARS/CSREES meeting (Greenville) on evaluation of non-targets (Grain Belt meeting). Christian Krupke indicated that ECB numbers were very low in Indiana - no ECB calls. David Andow indicated that he was an editor of the new journal Environmental Biosafety Research and asked people to submit appropriate articles. He indicated he has served on a WPO panel on Environmental Effect of Genetic Engineering, and helped develop curricula for regulators current target countries: Vietnam (May), Brazil (June). He also attended the European Science Foundation on IRM for ECB in Europe. He is involved in monitoring the evolution of corn borers in Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Slovakia and Greece. Eileen Cullen indicated that Wisconsin had the lowest ECB flights on record. Current seed treatments are causing an issue with sandhill crane no lindane used anymore, so more cranes and crane damage to fields. Flight control chemicals (repellants) are being used. Galen Dively indicated that there is an increase in Bt sweet corn acres leading to a reduction in conventional chemical use. Tom Sappington indicated that there is a new subject area in Environmental Entomology: Transgenic plants and insects. Pat Porter recommends that we never use a pyrethroid for 2nd generation ECB control (John Deere Magazine). Randy Higgins discussed radio, newsletter, websites, field days conducted/presented on resistance management issues, etc. David Buntin indicated that Xin Zhi Ni filled Billy Wiseman's position, which has Lepidoptera and corn responsibilities. Corn acres are declining in Georgia. There are significant stinkbug and aflatoxin problems in corn. Chuck Mason indicated that in Delaware the number of Agricultural acres is declining because of development. Tracie Baute indicated they are seeing more problems with millipedes in corn. Bt corn adoption is at about 35-45%. They have conducted several IRM meetings. Ron Hammond said that ECB numbers are low, but stacks are being pushed by industry. Dennis Calvin indicated that a lot of education on IRM was given in Pennsylvania. Of issue in Pennsylvania is rootworm/ECB refuge in irregular or small-sized fields.


Preparation for Conference Call with Sharlene Matten (EPA)
The issues that will be addressed during the EPA conference call with Sharlene Matten on Wednesday (8:00 a.m.) were discussed. Calvin referred to a communication from Sharlene asking for information on possible treatment windows for various pests that occur when adult CRW are present and issues related to insecticidal sprays of Bt refuge. It was noted that treatment windows are often indistinct or variable. Larry Buschman indicated that in SW Kansas spider mites, SWCB, ECB, and adult corn rootworm are often treated at the same time. It was noted that growers ask why CRW IRM differs from ECB IRM. Billy Fuller suggested it was primarily a western Corn Belt issue and there are a lot of biological and planting considerations. Pat Porter indicated that one difference between ECB and CRW refuge structure is it kills about 99% of CRW adults and has good residual. In some scenarios only part of a refuge would need treatment. David Andow indicated that pyrethroid spraying will greatly affect refuge efficacy. He asked the question: what would be the impact of long-term treatment. Chuck Mason suggested that we how have more information on moth movement then we did when the refuge decisions originally occurred. He suggested that we may also want to revisit ECB and IRM. Can we decrease refuge size and not spray? What do models say? David Andow noted that ECB population equilibrium may be lower (opinion), but that this does not necessarily mean that the chance for resistance is significantly lower or that populations will remain low. David Onstad put a motion on the table that NC-205 send a letter to Sharlene Matten requesting that more data be collected on ECB behavior in high spray areas to determine whether refuges for ECB Bt corn should never be treated for ECB control. Survey and model results suggest that ECB may become resistance (3% allele frequency) in less than 10 years. NC-205 needs that data before re-registration of products in 2002.


Tuesday, January 24, 2006
Meeting opened 8:30 a.m. Onstad motion revisited for discussion. Onstad noted that although the EPA and ABSTC say the High Spray survey is sufficient to address the question of spraying refuge in areas of frequent insecticide use, there are several reasons that indicate a further examination is warranted. David Onstad's manuscript on the topic indicates some concern, more analysis of efficacy data is needed, and many questions were raised about borer (ECB and SWCB) behavior in irrigated and non-irrigated corn. Tom Hunt seconded Onstad's motion and more discussion ensued. David Andow suggested there are theoretical issues concerning various simulation models - Onstad's indicates risk, Andow's does not. Randy Higgins suggest we reword the motion, or add an amendment. Chuck Mason indicated a point of order was needed make motion for amendment. Randy Higgins suggested a friendly amendment. David Onstad modified motion to add friendly amendment to change from corn borer behavior to broader request. Rick Hellmich as whether it is wise to request more data, or should Larry and Dave simply send a letter? More discussion ensued and Chuck Mason motioned to Table the motion. David Buntin second the motion passes.


NC-205 publication NCR 327 discussion
A discussion of the Monday evening meeting and a possible format of the revised publication were undertaken (video, hard copy, electronic, etc.). Chuck Mason indicated that individuals have been assigned to sections. These individuals are responsible for moving the sections forward. Chuck indicated that anyone interested in contributing to a section should contact him. Additional sections were discussed. Porter volunteered to establish a website, but it needs to be a protected for internal and external access. Drafts should first be sent to Chuck. Content will be reviewed by Andow, Calvin, Hunt, Mason (editorial review committee) prior to public posting. This revision will include source citations.


Chip Guse give a presentation on the commonalities and differences between Resistance Management models "Evaluation of Models for Insect Resistance to Transgenic Crops." He gave an overview of the techniques. Addressed EPA questions: how they work, what they indicate, how they compare. The purpose is to develop a framework for regulatory agencies to understand models. He discussed the creation of theoretical standards, problems with fitness characterization, etc. Pat Porter ask how do tropics and sugarcane borer fit? A long discussion ensued.


Revisit Onstad Motion
The wording of David Onstad and other's final motion was presented - MOTION: NC-205 informs the US-EPA that the committee believes that the scientific support is inadequate to make recommendations related to the use of insecticides on Bt refuge corn. Specifically, there is a need to a) develop a consistent theory on the effects of treating the refuge with insecticide, b) understand changing insecticide use patterns in high insecticide use areas, and c) parameterize models for irrigated and non-irrigated corn in high insecticide use areas including collecting behavioral data and using new data on corn borers. A discussion about whether this should be sent as a letter ensued? It was decided that the NC-205 chair would present a letter to Sharlene Matten from the committee, but we first wanted to discuss with the NCR-46 committee to see if they wanted to be included.


Time and Place Committee Report
Rick Hellmich indicated that the 2007 meeting is tentatively scheduled to be held at Dallas, TX. Dates:1st choice - Jan 29, 30, overlap next a.m.. 2nd choice Feb 5, 6, overlap next a.m.. 3rd Choice - Jan 22, 23, overlap next a.m. Options will be presented to NCR-46. Onstad: Move to accept. Fuller: Second, motion passes.


Nominating Committee
Mason: Motion to sentence (elect) Calvin (NC-205 chair) and Hunt (NC-205 secretary) to another year of service. Andow: Seconded and the motion passed.


Additional Issues Discussed
Area-wide suppression/increase of Lepidoptera was discussed. A variety of factors must be examined (e.g., combination of events, voltinism predictions). Temporal data, spatial correlations, model results should be included in analysis. Question: Why does not SWCB go down? Cronholm: It has in Texas. Still a problem, but numbers are down. Higgins: An impact "High level of planting of Bt near urban areas because of fear of lawsuits" so insecticide use down near urban areas. Hellmich: IA has a library of ECB pubs; send any old pubs to IA (Hellmich). Hellmich: Move to adjourn. Everyone: Second, motion passes.


5:30 Adjourn 2006 NC-205 Annual Meeting

Accomplishments

Bt Evaluation tool (BET) is available on line to evaluate value of Bt corn. <br /> <br /> F2 screen has been used to identify a major gene for resistance to Bt corn in the sugarcane borer in Louisiana.<br /> <br /> Sugarcane borer is an important pest of corn in Louisiana and Texas. <br />

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Insect resistance strategies (IRM) for Lepidopteran pests of Bt corn have been implemented across the United States and Canada and have been models for similar strategies across the world.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Calvin,Dennis (ifa@psu.edu), PSU;
Hunt, Thomas (thunt2@unl.edu), University of Nebraska;
Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu), Texas A & M;
Andow, David (dandow@umn.edu), University of Minnesota;
Cronholm, Greg (g-croholm@tamu.edu), Texas A & M University;
Mason, Charles (mason@udel.edu), University of Delaware;
Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu), LSU Ag Center;
Nansen, Christian (cnansen@ag.tamu.edu), Texas A & M;
Buschman, Larry (lbuschma@ksu.edu), Kansas State Univ.;
Palizada, Santiago (spaliza1@bigred.unl.edu), University of Nebraska  Lincoln;
Foster, John (jfoster1@unl.edu), University of Nebraska  Lincoln;
Smith, Jocelyn (jsmith@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca), University of Guelph;
Onstad, David (onstad@uiuc.edu), University of Illinois;
Buntin, David (gbantin@griffin.uga.edu), University of Georgia;
Knodel, Janet (janet.knodel@ndsu.edu), NDSU;
Sappington, Tom (tsapping@iastate.edu), USDA-ARS, Ames IA;
Hellmich, Rick (rlhellmi@iastate.edu), USDA-ARS, Ames IA;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Thursday, February 1, 2007 Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:30 a.m. Committee secretary, Tom Hunt, took minutes.

AGENDA : Annual Meeting of North Central Multistate Project (NC-205), Ecology and Management of European Corn Borer and Other Lepidopteran Pests of Corn.


February 1 to February 2, 2007
Amerisuites DFW Airport South
4235 West Airport Freeway
Irving, TX 75062
Tel: (972) 659-1272
Fax: (972) 570-0676


Thursday, February 1, 2007
Morning
8:30 AM


Welcome to NC-205 Meeting, Dennis Calvin
Local Arrangement Announcements, Pat Porter, Texas A & M;
Announcements or Additions to the Agenda;
Introductions of any new participants;
Approval of 2006 minutes (Toronto, ON);
Committee Appointments/Charge, Calvin;
Time and Place,
Nominating,
Status on NC-205 Publications;
NCR-327, Chuck Mason, University of Delaware, Newark, DE;
Brief Recap of Activities/Influence;
Significant communications with stakeholders;
Reports on Special Assignments;


Noon to 1:30PM, Break for Lunch


Tom Sappington, Presentation on ECB Movement Studies,
State Reports, by objective


Friday, February 2, 2007
8:00 AM


Continue State Reports;
Develop Impact Statements for Federal Report;
Committee reports: Time and Place, Nominating


Adjourn at Noon


Summary of Minutes:


Announcements Tom Hunt invited paper submissions to a Corn and Soybean IPM Forum to be held at the NCB-ESA 2007 Annual Meeting in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Memories of Randy Higgins, who passed away during 2006, were shared followed by a silent moment for reflection. It was noted that Randy was a good friend, long time NC-205 member, and past NC-205 chair who guided the committee with a calm and steady hand during the initial years of Bt transgenic corn and IRM development. Randy had a significant impact on numerous individuals in the room. Calvin asked the attendees to introduce themselves.


Administrative Report & Discussion Administrative Advisor Steve Pueppke could not attend, so Dennis Calvin summarized the report that Pueppke gave at the NCC-46/NC-205 joint meeting. Discussion focused on budget issues surrounding the freezing of Special Projects and the impact it will have on various states. It was noted that dollars would eventually be rolled into Hatch and Smith Lever on a competitive basis. Portions of the CREATE 21 proposal were explained (a project of the Board on Agriculture Assembly of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges). Ag Secretary Johanns Ag report, its focus on bioenergy and biobased energy research, and opportunities for NC-205 were discussed. Charles Mason suggested we put energy on the agenda. Dennis Calvin encouraged all to consider the NRI program, particularly the integrated programs, for collaborative research possibilities. Tom Hunt noted that several NRI programs that were arthropod-related were not yet integrated programs and that members should lobby that these programs should be made integrated programs. NRI provides an email address in the RFP for this type of comment and recommendation.


Larry Buschman made a presentation on the possibility of having IRM without refuge by pyramiding oviposition deterrent genes with hi-dose toxin genes (e.g. Bt), suggesting this would be a more stable strategy than current IRM.


Special Assignment Reports Tom Sappington reported on an SAP for BollGard II cotton. Specifically, the SAP examined an the natural refuge of non-cotton hosts for Monsanto Bollgard II Cotton and the possibility of changing refuge requirements. Rick Hellmich reported that EPA held a meeting in Corvalis that discussed research directions with respect to monitoring and environmental impacts of Bt crops and effects on Agriculture. Dave Andow reported on discussions of the World Bank initiated International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development. Andow is part of a North American writing team that is part of the assessment process. Projections indicate that crop subsidies with diminish and agricultural science will continue to be de-funded as dollars are more widely dispersed. Subsidies will likely continue in other ways, such as being associated with environmental concerns. The beneficial effects of agriculture on the environment and society will be the focus. NC-205 can prepare for the future by looking outside of the traditional Ag colleges for membership. Innovations in Ag are seen to be moving more toward Industry. India and China will be the big forces in Ag in the future.


NCR327 Publication Charles Mason led a discussion on the revision of the NCR237 Publication on European corn borer biology and management. A timeline was set for section leaders. Mason will send a reminder on about March 15 stating that sections are due to him on May 1. A draft will be sent to the committee members on August 1 for review. Pat Porter is the electronic version lead, and he reminded writers to consider enhanced electronic delivery as we write our sections (e.g. video graphics, flash animation). He also asked to substitute Christian Nansen in his place as section leader.


Additional Topics The committee has elected to move toward an electronic-only format for state reports. Calvin, Hunt, and Porter will develop a format. It should be a single file, plain text document. Publications should be pdf. The final version will be a pdf produced by, possibly, Calvin or Hellmich. Needed sections are general report text by objective, impacts, accomplishments/outputs/outcomes, publications.


Ethanol has become an extremely important factor in current cropping systems and will impact agriculture in many ways, including the amount of corn acreage, crop pests ecologies/abundance, natural enemy ecologies/abundance, residue removal, pest EILs and ETs, hybrid development, quality requirements, storage, planting dates, harvest dates, mycotoxins, and other issues which will necessarily involve NC-205 members and fall under current and future NC-205 objectives.


Approval of 2006 Minutes The 2006 minutes were amended to correct spelling errors. Dave Buntin motioned to accept with changes, Charles Mason seconded the motion, and the motion passed.


State Reports & Discussion, by Objective Research, extension, and outreach reports were presented by state representatives to NC-205. Discussion ranged over a variety of NC-205 objective-related topics.


Friday, February 2, 2007 Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:00 a.m. Committee secretary, Tom Hunt, took minutes.


Continuation of State Reports & Discussion, Objective 2 Objective-related reports and discussion continued.


Time and Place Committee Report The 2008 meeting was suggested to occur on January 28, 1:00 pm through January 29, 5:00 pm in St. Louis, MO. Pyramided genes were suggested as a topic for the joint NC-205/NCC 46 meeting and it was suggested that cotton and Heliothus researchers be invited. Charles Mason motioned to accept the time and place and joint meeting suggestions, Janet Knodel seconded, and the motion was carried.


Nominating Committee Report The committee recommended retaining the current officers (Calvin as chair, Hunt as secretary). Charles Mason motioned to retain the officers, Dave Buntin seconded, and the motion was carried.


Continuation of State Reports & Discussion, Objective 2 Objective-related reports and discussion continued.


11:00 Adjourn 2007 NC-205 Annual Meeting

Accomplishments

A Bt corn hybrid evaluation tool is completed and now available for all North American corn growers to use to estimate the value of Bt corn for their specific environment and agronomic conditions.<br /> <br /> <br /> Bt resistance has been identified for sugarcane borer via the F2 screen.<br /> <br /> <br /> Sugarcane borer has been identified as an important pest of corn in Louisiana and Texas.<br /> <br /> <br /> Results from a study on European corn borers at the University of Delaware indicate that 50% of the males in a field population are capable of flying more than one-half mile, providing evidence that the EPA requirement for refuge corn plantings to be within one-half mile is an appropriate distance for prevention of insect resistance to BT corn.<br /> <br /> <br /> Numerous peer-reviewed journal publications, extension publications, published abstracts, proceedings, and various electronic media were published by NC-205 members.<br />

Publications

Andow, D.A., P.A.V. Barroso, E.M.G. Fontes, M.F. Grossi-de-Sa, A. Hilbeck and G. P. Fitt. 2006. Improving the scientific basis for environmental risk assessment through the case study of Bt cotton in Brazil, pp. 1-20. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> <br /> Andow, D. A., A. N. E. Birch, A. N. Dusi, E. M. G. Fontes, A. Hilbeck, A. Lang, G. L. Lövei, C. S. S. Pires, E. R. Sujii, E. Underwood and R. E. Wheatley. 2006. Non-target and biodiversity risk assessment for genetically modified (GM) crops. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms, pp. 68-73. Rural Development Administration (Korea), Jeju, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Andow, D.A., E.M.G. Fontes, A. Hilbeck, J. Johnston, D.M.F. Capalbo, K.C. Nelson, E. Underwood, G.P. Fitt, E.R. Sujii, S. Arpaia, A.N.E. Birch, A. Pallini and R. Wheatley. 2006. Supporting risk assessment of Bt cotton in Brazil: Synthesis and recommendations. Pp. 346-361. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> <br /> Andow, D. A., G. L. Lövei and S. Arpaia. 2006. Ecological risk assessment for Bt crops. Nature Biotechnology 24: 749-751.<br /> <br /> <br /> Andow, D.A and C. Zwahlen. 2006. Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants. Ecology Letters 9: 196-214.<br /> <br /> <br /> Buschman, L., H. Davis, R. Currie and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of Miticides applied at Tassel Stage for control of spider mites in corn, 2005. In SWREC SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 70-74. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961SM_T.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Buschman, L., H. Davis, R. Currie and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of Miticides applied Post Tassel for control of spider mites in corn, 2005. In SWREC SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 75-79. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961SM_PT.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Buschman, L. and P. Sloderbeck. 2006. Efficacy of VIP & Cry1Ab event corn hybrids for the control of Southwestern corn borer and Corn Earworm. In SWREC 2006 Field Day Rept. K-State Rept. Prog. 961: pp 61-64. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/swao/Entomology/Reports2006/srp961Vip.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Coates, B.S., R. L. Hellmich, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. Sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cDNAs from the midgut of Ostrinia nubilalis: Methods for allelic differentiation of candidate Bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. Insect Mol. Biol. 15(1) 13-24.<br /> <br /> <br /> Coates, B.S., D.V. Sumerford, R.L. Hellmich, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. A ²-1,3-galactosyltransferase and brainiac/bre5 homolog expressed in the midgut did not contribute to a Cry1Ab toxin resistance trait in Ostrinia nubilalis. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. <br /> <br /> <br /> Echtenkamp, Gerald, W., and Thomas E. Hunt. 2006. Control of European corn borer in whorl stage corn, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests, 31.<br /> <br /> <br /> Echtenkamp, Gerald, W., and Thomas E. Hunt. 2006. Control of second generation European corn borer, 2005. Arthropod Management Tests, 31.<br /> <br /> <br /> Faria, M., J. G. Lundgren, E. Fontes, D. A. Andow, O. A. Fernandes, F. Schmidt and Nguyen V. T. 2006. Assessing the effects of Bt cotton on generalist arthropod predators, pp. 175-199. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> <br /> Fitt, G.P., C. Omoto, A.H. Maia, J.M. Waquil, M. Caprio, T. Dennehy, M. Okech, Z.A. Ramiro, E. Cia, H.H. Nguyen and D.A. Andow. 2006. Resistance risks of Bt cotton and their management in Brazil, pp. 300-345. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hellmich, R.L. 2006. European corn borers: A diminished insect threat from now on? Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference: 2006 Proceedings. University of Illinois Extension. Pp. 62-64.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hellmich, R.L., D.D. Calvin, J.M. Russo, and L.C. Lewis. 2006. Integration of Bt maize in IPM systems: U.S. perspective. Proceedings Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Davos, Switzerland, pp. 356-361.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hellmich, R.L., J.R. Prasifka,, J.D. Wolt, M.K. Sears. 2006. A framework for evaluating possible non-target effects of transgenic corn in the United States: Standardizing laboratory tests. GMOs in Integrated Plant Production, OIBC/WPRS Bulletin 29(5). pp 73-77.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow, S. Arpaia, A.N.E. Birch, E.M.G. Fontes, G. Lövei, E. Sujii, R. Wheatley and E. Underwood. 2006. Methodology to support non-target and biodiversity risk assessment, pp. 108-132. In Hilbeck, A., D.A. Andow and E.M.G. Fontes (eds.), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Methodologies for Assessing Bt Cotton in Brazil. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hunt, T. E., R. L. Hellmich, D. D. Calvin, T. W. Sappington, K. Copenhaver, J. A. Glaser. 2006. Possible role of remote sensing for transgenic crop monitoring. Resumos XXI Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia, 1221-1, Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, Recife, Brazil.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hunt, T. E., and G. W. Echtenkamp. 2006. Resistance management for European corn borer and Bt transgenic corn: refuge design and placement. NebGuide G1668, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lee, J. C., D. A. Andow and G. E. Heimpel. 2006. Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics in the field. Ecological Entomology 31: 470-480.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lodge, D. M., S. Williams, H. MacIsaac, K. Hayes, B. Leung, L. Loope, S. Reichard, R. N. Mack, P. B. Moyle, M. Smith, D. A. Andow, J. T. Carlton and A. McMichael. 2006. Biological Invasions: Recommendations for U.S. Policy and Management. Ecological Applications 16: 2035-2054.<br /> <br /> <br /> Olson, D. M. and D. A. Andow. 2006. Walking pattern of Trichogramma nubilale Ertle & Davis (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae) on various surfaces. Biological Control 39:329-335.<br /> <br /> <br /> Onstad, D.W., L.L. Buschman. 2006. Evaluation of oviposition deterrence in the management of resistance to transgenic corn by European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 99(6): 2100-2109.<br /> <br /> <br /> Prasifka, J.R., M.D. Lopez, R.L. Hellmich, L.C. Lewis, and G.P. Dively. 2006. Comparison of pitfall traps and litter bags for sampling ground-dwelling arthropods. Journal of Applied Entomology. (Accepted, in press).<br /> <br /> <br /> Prasifka, J.r., N.P. Schmidt, K.A. Kohler, M.E. ONeal, R.L. Hellmich, and J.W. Singer. 2006. Effects of living mulches on predator abundance and predation on sentinel prey in a corn  soybean  forage rotation. Environmental Entomology 34: 1423-1431.<br /> <br /> <br /> Prasifka, J.R., D.V. Sumerford, R.L. Hellmich, L.C. Lewis, and D.D. Calvin. 2006. Sampling European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae from seed corn drying bins for Bt resistance monitoring. Southwestern Entomologist 31: 269-279.<br /> <br /> <br /> Qureshi, J.A., L.L. Buschman, J.E. Throne and S.B. Ramaswamy. 2006. Dispersal of adult Diatraea grandiosells (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its implications for resistance management in Bt-maize. Annals ESA. 99(2):279-291.<br /> <br /> <br /> Siegfried, B. D., T. Spencer, A. Crespo, and P. Marçon. 2006. Ten years of Bt resistance monitoring in the European corn borer: what we know, what we dont know, and what we can do better. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms 2006.<br /> <br /> <br /> Siqueira, H. A. A., J. González-Cabrera, J. Ferré, R. Flannagan, and B. D. Siegfried. 2006. Cry1ab binding analyses in resistant and susceptible strains of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 5318-5324.<br /> <br /> <br /> Stodola, T. J., D. A. Andow, A. R. Hyden, J. L. Hinton, J. J. Roark, L. L. Buschman, P. Porter and G. B. Cronholm. 2006. Frequency of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab in southern US Corn Belt population of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 502-507.<br /> <br /> <br /> Vilarinho, E. C., O. A. Fernandes, C. Omoto, T. E. Hunt. 2006. Oil-Soluble Dyes for Marking Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 99:2110-2115.<br /> <br /> <br /> Wenes, A.-L., D. Bourguet, D.A. Andow, C. Courtin, G. Carré, P. Lorme, L. Sanchez and S. Augustin. 2006. Frequency and fitness cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Heredity 97: 127-134.<br /> <br /> <br /> White, J. A. and D. A. Andow. 2006. Habitat modification contributes to associational resistance between herbivores. Oecologia 148: 482-490.<br /> <br /> <br /> Wright, R. W, T. E. Hunt, K. Jarvi. 2006. Common stalk borer in corn. NebGuide G521, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.<br />

Impact Statements

1. As a result of IRM educational programs, a large majority of farmers that grow Bt transgenic corn hybrids are aware of the IRM plans. An independent survey indicated that in 2000 over 90% of farmers growing Bt corn in the Midwest believed that IRM plans for ECB resistant Bt corn are important and had planted refuge acres associated with their Bt corn. Of the two main IRM requirements, refuge size and placement, 87% and 80% of the farmers were compliant, respectively.
2. An independent survey indicated that in Nebraska approximately 2.6 million acres of Bt corn were associated with refuge and of that, approximately 2 million acres were associated with fully compliant refuge acres. This high level of IRM implementation will help insure the continued effectiveness of Bt transgenic corn hybrids and preserve an important ECB management tool well into the future.
3. A USDA Risk Abatement and Mitigation Program funded survey conducted in 2005 to assess corn grower attitudes and practices associated with Insect Resistance Management indicated that over 95% of Bt corn growers in areas of high Bt corn production planted refuge, and of those that believe ECB can become resistant to Bt in Bt corn, over 75 % believe resistance management practices will slow the development of resistance.
4. Information generated by NC-205 member conducted insecticide and transgenic hybrid efficacy trials and their educational efforts help growers make sound economical and environmental pest management decisions.
5. The methodologies/models developed and used by the NC-205 committee to develop and assess insect resistance management (IRM) for Bt transgenic corn has had worldwide impact. This is evidenced by 1) the invited participation of many of its members in IRM development and assessment activities in countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America, and 2) the attendance of agricultural regulatory agency representatives from countries such as the Philippines to NC-205 annual meetings, specifically to discuss their countrys development of effective IRM.
6. NC-205 has been very active in providing content to IRM educational programs across North America, and has indeed developed, or helped develop, many of them. As a result of these educational programs, IRM for lepidopteran resistant Bt trangenic corn has become an accepted an integral part of Bt corn production in North American. This is further evidenced by recent innovations in the Agricultural Implement Industry. John Deere now offers a Refuge Plus option for all Central Commodity System (CCS) planters. A third tank has been added to CCS planter. This allows the grower to plant two different seed varieties at the same time. Refuge Plus is advertised as the solution for refuge management compliance issues associated with Bt corn production.
7. Evidence from a series of mark-release and laboratory flight mill studies suggest that the European corn borer adults undergo an obligatory dispersal flight away from the natal field the first night after emergence from the pupa. These findings will substantially affect predictions of Bt resistance and contribute to the assessment and development of future IRM for Bt corn.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

The 2008 meeting will not take place until January 24, 2008.

Brief Summary of Minutes

There are no minutes until after the January 2008 meeting.

Accomplishments

The committee will continue to address the five major objectives of the project and work toward the targeted outputs, outcomes, and impacts. To date, the project has reached two of three major milestones indicated and the third milestone is near completion. Over the next year we will work toward the 2008 milestones.<br /> <br /> Short-term Outcomes<br /> <br /> 1. The committee has been partially responsible for the development and implement of a resistance management strategy for transgenic corn hybrids in the U.S. and the world.<br /> 2. The BET program has provided corn growers and seed companies with a tool to assess the economic value to a corn grower at his/her specific geographic location. This tool helps them target the specific planting dates and hybrid maturity groups that will gain the greatest yield advantage through use of the Bt gene(s).<br /> 3. Consumers gain through reduce synthetic pesticide exposure, reduced cost of products made from corn and potentially increased energy independence.<br /> 4. Farmers and their families gain by a reduction in synthetic pesticide exposure. <br /> <br /> Outputs<br /> <br /> 1. Geographic size of European corn borer populations and meta-populations in the central Corn Belt are being characterized though both spatial and temporal estimates of gene flow. The preliminary analyses of microsatellite DNA marker data indicate that uninhibited gene flow among ECB populations in the Corn Belt occurs over something greater than 450 miles. Dispersal of individuals is, on average, many miles per generation, and the geographical dimensions of populations (these must still be calculated) are very large.<br /> 2. See list of publications<br /> 3. Bt Evaluation Tools<br /> <br /> Activities<br /> <br /> 1. Members of NC-205 are currently working on editing the publication NCR-327, European Corn Borer Ecology and Management. Members have been assigned sections to rewrite. Dr. Charles Mason is leading this effort.<br /> 2. Members of the committee continue to work on characterizing the genetic structure of European corn borer populations and linkage map. <br /> 3. With Dr. Calvins move into an administrative position (Associate Director of Extension) at Penn State University the milestone of the spatial relationship between economic value of Bt corn for ECB and corn rootworm will be modeled may be difficult to complete. He was the lead investigator on this modeling effort. However, other members of the committee have worked on economic analysis models that combine both species.<br /> <br /> Milestones<br /> <br /> 1. Bt Evaluation tool (BET) is available on line to evaluate the economic value of Bt corn at any given geographic location in the United States (http://www.btet.psu.edu/). This tool allows the user to identify their state, county and 2 kilometer grid location and then select a maturity class of corn, plant date, infestation level, pest density, planting rate, expected yield, expected level of protection from the technology and corn price and European corn borer generation of interest. From these inputs, they can determine their overall average expect benefit and the probability of a positive new benefit from the technology based on historic climatology.<br /> 2. Two papers have been published on the genetics of European corn borer voltinism  Coates et al. (2004) and Kim et al. (2007). Additional information on the genetics of voltinism is currently being completed in Faruque Uz-Zamans PhD Dissertation at Penn State University. He just passed his Dissertation defense on December 21, 2007.<br /> 3. The third milestone by 2007, publish a paper on the yield-loss model for southwestern corn borer has yet to be reached. A preliminary model structured similar to the European Corn Borer Bt Evaluation tool (BET) has been built, but not tested or published. <br /> 4. An additional milestone not listed is the development of an F2 screen has been used to identify a major gene for resistance to Bt corn in the sugarcane borer in Louisiana. The sugarcane borer is an important pest of corn in Louisiana and Texas. <br />

Publications

Andow, D. A. and Claudia Zwahlen. 2006. Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants. Ecology Letters. 9: 196-214.<br /> Reardon, B. J., D. V. Sumerford, and T. W. Sappington. 2006. Dispersal of newly-eclosed European corn borer adults (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. J. Econ. Entomol. 99: 1641-1650.<br /> Price, J. L., J. Hyde, and D. D. Calvin. 2006. Insect Resistance Management in Bt corn: An Assessment of community refuge schemes. AgBioForum 9(3): 1 - 10.<br /> Reardon, B. J., D. V. Sumerford, and T. W. Sappington. 2006. Impact of trap design, windbreaks, and weather on captures of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in pheromone-baited traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 99: 2002-2009.<br /> Reardon, B. J., and T. W. Sappington. 2007. Effect of age and mating status on adult European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) dispersal from small-grain aggregation plots. J. Econ. Entomol. 100: 1116-1123.<br /> Magarey, R. D., B. Nietschke, D. M. Borchert, E. M. Jones, and D. D. Calvin. 2007. A developmental database to support insect phenology models. Crop Protection.<br /> Hunt, Thomas E., Lawrent L. Buschman, Phillip E. Sloderbeck. 2007. Insecticide Use in Bt- and Non-Bt Field Corn in the Western Corn Belt: As Reported by Crop Consultants in a Mail Survey. American Entomologist. 53: 86-93. <br /> Kim, K. S., B. S. Coates, R. L. Hellmich, D. V. Sumerford, and T. W. Sappington. 2007. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Mol. Ecol. Notes (OnlineEarly Articles). doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01974.x. (In press.)<br />

Impact Statements

1. The impact of DNA marker research on metapopulations in the central Corn Belt is its implications for IRM. They are that 1) random mating occurs each generation out to at least 100 miles; probably most moths emerging from the refuge will mate many miles away rather than within a half-mile; 2) resistance to Bt-corn will be slow to evolve, but 3) once it does evolve, it will spread very far very fast, 4) which means mitigation efforts will likely be unsuccessful.
2. Molecular markers developed by committee members will be used by ARS and university scientists in North America, Europe, and Asia to characterize dispersal patterns of this and other Ostrinia spp. over geographic scales that cannot be addressed with more conventional experimental tools (Kim et al. 2007)
3. See accomplishment section for list of Milestones.
4. Indicator #1. As a result of IRM educational programs, a large majority of farmers that grow Bt transgenic corn hybrids are aware of the IRM plans. An independent survey indicated that in 2000 over 90% of farmers growing Bt corn in the Midwest believed that IRM plans for ECB resistant Bt corn are important and had planted refuge acres associated with their Bt corn. Of the two main IRM requirements, refuge size and placement, 87% and 80% of the farmers were compliant, respectively.
5. Indicator #2. An independent survey indicated that in Nebraska approximately 2.6 million acres of Bt corn were associated with refuge and of that, approximately 2 million acres were associated with fully compliant refuge acres. This high level of IRM implementation will help insure the continued effectiveness of Bt transgenic corn hybrids and preserve an important ECB management tool well into the future.
6. Indicator #3. A USDA Risk Abatement and Mitigation Program funded survey conducted in 2005 to assess corn grower attitudes and practices associated with Insect Resistance Management indicated that over 95% of Bt corn growers in areas of high Bt corn production planted refuge, and of those that believe ECB can become resistant to Bt in Bt corn, over 75 % believe resistance management practices will slow the development of resistance.
7. Indicator #4. Information generated by NC-205 member conducted insecticide and transgenic hybrid efficacy trials and their educational efforts help growers make sound economical and environmental pest management decisions.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Dennis Calvin, PSU, dcalvin@psu.edu;

Tom Hunt, University of Nebraska, Haskell Ag Lab, thunt2@unl.edu;

Pat Porter, Texas A & M, p-porter@tamu.edu;

Dave Andow, University of Minnesota, dandow@umn.edu;

Chuck Mason, University of Delaware, mason@udel.edu;

Larry Buschman, Kansas State Univ., lbuschma@ksu.edu;

Jocelyn Smith, University of Guelph, jsmith@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca;

David Buntin, University of Georgia, gbuntin@uga.edu;

Tom Sappington, USDA-ARS, CICGRU, Ames IA, Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov;

Rick Hellmich, USDA-ARS, CICGRU, Ames IA, Richard.Hellmich@ars.usda.gov;

Erica Lindroth (student), Univ. of NE, erica.lindroth@huskers.unl.edu;
Tracy Baute, OMAFRA Canada, tracey.baute@ontario.ca;

Andy Michel, OARDC-Ohio State University, michel.70@osu.edu;

Bill Hutchinson, University of Minnesota, hutch002@umn.edu;

Chris DiFonzo, MSU, difonzo@msu.edu;

John Glaser, EPA, glaser.john@epa.gov;

Eileen Cullen, University of Wisconsin, cullen@entomology.wisc.edu;

Blair Siegfried, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, bsiegfried1@unl.edu;

Silvana Paula-Moraes (student), silvana.moraes@huskers.unl.edu;

Brian McCornack, Kansas State University, mccornac@ksu.edu;

Janine Razze (student), University of Delaware, jrazze@udel.edu;

Brief Summary of Minutes

NIMSS Minutes Summary, Jan 09 NC-205 Meeting
Annual Meeting of the Multi-State Regional Research Committee NC-205 Ecology and Management of European Corn Borer and Other Lepidopteran Pests of Corn

As recorded by Tom Hunt, secretary.

Minneapolis, MN,
January 29- 30, 2009
Radisson University Hotel
615 Washington Ave. SE
Minneapolis, MN 55414
(800) 822-6757


Thursday, January 29, 2009

Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, opened the meeting at 8:30 a.m. Committee secretary, Tom Hunt, took minutes.

Local Arrangement Announcements
Dave Andow indicated registration fee would be $100 for the NC205 meeting, $150 if you also attended the NCCC46/NC205 joint meeting, payable to the University of Minnesota.

Time and Place and Nominating Committees established
Dave Andow and Eileen Cullen volunteered to be the T and P Committee. Eileen conveyed that NCCC46 suggested we meet in Madison, Wisconsin in 2010. In 2010, NC205 would meet January 25-26, a joint NC205/NCCC46 meeting would be held Janaury 27, and NCCC46 would meet January 28-29.

Siegfried suggested we meet in conjunction with the IWGO (ECB and Diabrotica in Europe) in 2011 in Europe, as there are natural collaborations and shared interests between the groups. Various logistical issues were discussed. The IWGO would organize most details of the meeting. Costs could be comparable to some U.S. meeting locations. Andow noted the Administrative Advisor would have to agree. Siegfried and Sappington will do the initial groundwork in April at the Munich meeting of the IWGO. An informal vote indicated that the majority (10) of attending committee members were interested. It was suggested we may pursue a USDA Conference Grant to defray the costs for some members.

Larry Buschman motioned we accept Madison, Wisconsin, January 25-26, 2010 as the next annual meeting of NC205. Rick Hellmich seconded and the motion carried.

Rick Hellmich and Charles Mason volunteered to be the Nominating Committee.

Administrative Advisor Report
Steve Pueppke was called away, so Calvin initiated discussion of AFRI, Smith-Lever IPM, and the erosion of formula funds. Porter noted that with the change in Smith-Lever IPM funding, there will be a significant decline in capacity and impact for both field personnel and faculty.

Mason suggested recruiting Calvin as next administrative advisor to new NC205 project, as he has been involved with ECB and NC205 for so long. Hunt will talk to Steve Pueppke about the possibility.

NCR 327 Progress
Mason indicated we need to push on to the finish. Publication date is in 2010. Sections were shifted. Final sections to Mason by Feb 28. Final draft will go to working committee by March 1 to be edited by April 30. In June the final draft will be sent to full committee. Remember to include major citations.

Recap of Activities and Influence
Andow is involved with developing biological risk assessment capacity in East Africa, Asia, and South America. A book, Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms. V4. Challenges and Opportunities with Bt Cotton in Vietnam, was published. Buntin noted that the southern corn entomologists have formed a working group because corn acreage is increasing. Siegfried noted that a U.S. Aid project developing management information for Asian corn borer is incorporating our IRM work into their material. Sappington spoke at the China National Academy of Sciences migrating insect group on ECB and explored possible collaborations. Baute noted their influence on the regulatory process in Canada and their Respect the Refuge campaign. Porter was interviewed for the Seed Trade Industry News on stacks. DiFonzo is collaborating with the Philippines in training extension personnel in corn (ACB). Hellmich published a book chapter the role of transgenics past resent and future in IPM and is involved with other International scientists on developing a common-sense approach to examining non-target effects. Mason noted we all do a lot of work with Industry and often invite them to our meetings.

NC205 Project Rewrite
It was noted our current title suits the new project. Floor was opened for ideas/directions for new project. Various broad areas should possibly be considered, including environmental issues, green technology, the evolution of IRM, information delivery, the growing importance of other leps. (ear pests), resistance issues, the impact of transgenics on other target pests (other than ECB), and refuge evaluation. Members noted their specific research areas. Calvin summarized the applied and basic research topics as ear feeding pests and their increase (biology, genetics, ecology, and management), resistance monitoring, ECB and other lep. genomics, insect movement, mating biology (specific and models), natural enemies and biological control, extension (better delivery), pheromone and voltine types, area-wide suppression, organic management, emerging transgenics (other proteins, etc.), and the inclusion of other tolerance genes (cold, drought).


12:00  1:30 (approx.) LUNCH

Rewrite continued
Objectives were developed, writing teams were established, and deadlines set.

State Reports & Discussion, by Objective. Research, extension, and outreach reports were presented by state representatives to NC-205. Discussion ranged over a variety of NC-205 objective-related topics.

5:00 ADJOURN for the day.

Friday, January 30, 2009
Continuation of State Reports & Discussion

Return to Committee Business
Mason motioned to recommend Calvin as Administrative Advisor for new project. Hellmich seconded. Committee voted yes.

John Glasers request for a letter from NC205 supporting his research was discussed. Committee voted yes, and suggested Calvin and Hellmich draft a letter and send it to committee for consideration.

The next joint meeting of NC205/NCC46 (2010) should be closed, at least in part so the committees can speak freely.

Minutes (2008 meeting) were approved (Andow motion, Mason second).

Nominating Committee
Hellmich motioned Calvin and Hunt be elected Chair and Secretary 2010, respectively. Mason seconded, yes vote carried.
Mason motioned Hunt and Cullen be elected Chair and Secretary for first year of next project, respectively. Hellmich seconded, yes vote carried.

Continuation of State Reports & Discussion

Continuation of General Business
Send outcomes and impacts to Calvin.

There is much confusion with respect to IRM, and it will only grow. We have an opportunity to make an impact in this area. An invitation to start an IRM subcommittee was extended. Those interested are: Andow, Cullen, Porter, Buschman, Sappington, Hellmich, Michel, and Hunt.

12:00 ADJOURN 2009 NC-205 Annual Meeting

Accomplishments

Andow (Minn) is involved with developing biological risk assessment capacity in East Africa, Asia, and South America. A book, Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms. V4. Challenges and Opportunities with Bt Cotton in Vietnam, was published. <br /> <br /> Buntin (GA) noted that the southern corn entomologists have formed a working group because corn acreage is increasing. <br /> <br /> Siegfried (NE) noted that a U.S. Aid project developing management information for Asian corn borer is incorporating our IRM work into their material. <br /> <br /> Sappington (IA) spoke at the China National Academy of Sciences migrating insect group on ECB and explored possible collaborations. <br /> <br /> Baute (Ontario) noted their influence on the regulatory process in Canada and their Respect the Refuge campaign. <br /> <br /> Porter (TX) was interviewed for the Seed Trade Industry News on stacks. <br /> <br /> DiFonzo (Mich) is collaborating with the Philippines in training extension personnel in corn (ACB). <br /> <br /> Hellmich (IA) published a book chapter the role of transgenics past resent and future in IPM and is involved with other International scientists on developing a common-sense approach to examining non-target effects.<br /> <br /> Andow (MINN) reported that F2 screens for Heliothus armigera are being used. The percent of resistance in cotton in China is increasing in frequency. Heliothus virescens F2 screens are being developed. F2 screen theory development is leading to pedigree screens. A publication is in press on male ECB reproductive system.<br /> <br /> An EST library for western bean cutworm is being developed (IA), and SNPs are being developed as markers.<br /> <br /> Several manuscripts were published on edge effects (MINN), Macrocentrus grandii, and mating frequency in Coleomegilla maculate.<br /> <br /> Corn earworm website is expanding (MINN), as is the trapping network.<br /> <br /> Cooperative studies on the Bt resistance mechanisms in sugarcane borer have been established among several institutions in the United State, Spain, and Germany. A resistance allele to Cry1Ab corn has been detected in sugarcane borer, a significant corn pest. To address this issue, a regional research project was initiated in 2008 by a research group from LSU AgCenter, Texas A&M, and Mississippi.<br /> <br /> Genetic studies were conducted on lab-selected ECB that are resistant to Cry1Ab, an insecticidal protein produced by most Bt corn plants. An AFLP linkage map was developed including 253 markers on 31 autosomal chromosomes. These efforts may substantially accelerate efforts to prevent the development of ECB resistance to Bt corn plants by mapping chromosomal segments related to resistance. <br /> <br /> Nosema pyrausta a natural enemy of ECB, was found to significantly impact Cry1Ab-resistant ECB populations. Significant genetic variation was quantified in the laboratory for tolerance to infection by this microsporidium. Selection for increased tolerance by populations of the ECB will compromise Nosema's ability to control ECB.<br /> <br /> The Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit has impacted technical and regulatory programs and has helped establish an international reputation in insect resistance management, evaluation of possible non-target effects of genetically modified crops, and insect genetics and ecology. Carbon isotope analysis revealed that alternative host plant use by E strain European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, (ECB) is relatively high compared to Z strain, a study with important and far-reaching implications for insect resistance management for this insect in Bt corn. The demonstration that the Z strain ECB overlaps everywhere the E strain occurs, and the Z strain's low use of alternative hosts by the latter indicate that relaxing of structured refuge requirements on the basis of natural refuge is not justified and has helped guide EPA policy decisions on petitions to modify refuge constraints. Demonstration that ECB bivoltine Z strain moths commonly disperse >100 km exposed the potential importance of E strain moths in the eastern U.S. in development of resistance to Bt corn.

Publications

Alves, A.P., W.J. Allgeier, and B.D. Siegfried. 2008. Effects of the synergist S,S,S tributyl phosphorotrithioate on indoxacarb toxicity and metabolism in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol 90: 26-30.<br /> <br /> Andow, D. A., G. P. Fitt, E. E. Grafius, R. E. Jackson, E. B. Radcliffe, D. W. Ragsdale and L. Rossiter. 2008. Pesticide and transgenic plant resistance management in the field, pp. 118-145. In M. E. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez and R. M. Hollingsworth (eds.), Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> Andow, D. A. 2008. The risk of resistance evolution in insects to transgenic insecticidal crops. Collection of Biosafety Reviews 4: 142-199. http://www.icgeb.org/biosafety/publications/collections.html<br /> <br /> Blanco, C. A., O. P. Perera, F. Gould, D. V. Sumerford, G. Hernandez, C. A. Abel and D. A. Andow. 2008. An empirical test of the F2 screen for detection of Bacillus thuringiensis resistance alleles in tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 101: 1406 1414.<br /> <br /> Blanco, C.A., N.P. Storer, C.A. Abel, R. Jackson, R. Leonard, J.D. Lopez, G. Payne, B.D. Siegfried, T. Spencer, and A.P. Teran Vargas. 2008. Baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 168-173.<br /> <br /> Buschman, L.L., H. Davis and P. Sloderbeck. 2008. Efficacy of Monsanto stacked event corn hybrids for control of southwestern corn borer and corn earworm, 2007. KSU SW Res-Ext. Center 2008 Field Day Report of Prob. 997: 64-68.<br /> <br /> Carroll, M. W., J. A. Glaser, R. L. Hellmich, T. E. Hunt, T. W. Sappington, D. Calvin, K. Copenhaver and J. Fridgen. 2008. Use of Vegetative Indices Derived from Airbourne Hyperspectral Imagery for Detection of European Corn Borer Infestation in Iowa Corn Plots. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 1614-1623.<br /> <br /> Coates B.S., Sumerford D.V., Lewis L.C. 2008. Segregation of Ostrinia nubilalis aminopeptidase 1 (APN1), cadherin, and bre5-like alleles from a Cry1Ab resistant colony are not associated with F2 larval weights when fed on toxin-containing diet. J. Insect Sci. 8:21.<br /> <br /> Coates B.S., Sumerford D.V., Hellmich R.L., Lewis L.C. 2008. Mining an Ostrinia nubilalis midgut expressed sequence tag (EST) library for candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Insect Mol Biol 17(6):607-621.<br /> <br /> Crespo, A.L.B., T.A. Spencer, E. Nekl, and B.D. Siegfried. 2008. Comparison and validation of methods to quantify Cry1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis for standardization of insect bioassays. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 130-135.<br /> <br /> DiFonzo, C.D., M. Jewett, F. Warner, D. Brown-Rytlewski, and W. Kirk. 2008. Insect, nematode, and disease control in field and forage crops. MSU Bulletin E-1582.<br /> <br /> DiFonzo, C.D. and R. Hammond. 2008. Range expansion of western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Noctuidae), into Michigan and Ohio. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2008-0519-01-BR.<br /> <br /> Dorhout, D. L., T. W. Sappington, and M. E. Rice. 2008. Evidence for obligate migratory flight behavior in young European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) females. Environ. Entomol. 37: 1280-1290.<br /> <br /> Harmon, J. P., A. Hyden and D. A. Andow. 2008. Absence makes the heart grow fonder: Isolation enhances the frequency of mating in Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 21: 495 504.<br /> <br /> Hilbeck, A., S. Arpaia, A.N.E. Birch, Y. Chen, E.M.G. Fontes, A. Lang, Le Thi Thu Hong, G.L. Lovei, B. Manachini, Nguyen Thi Thu Cuc, Nguyen Van Huyhn, Nguyen Van Tuat, Pham Van Lam, Pham Van Toan, C.S.S. Pires, E.R. Sujii, Trac Khuong Lai, E. Underwood, R.E. Wheatley, L.J. Wilson, C. Zwahlen, and D.A. Andow. 2008. Non-target and biological diversity risk assessment, pp. 115-137. In D.A. Andow, A. Hilbeck and Nguyen Van Tuat (eds), Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Challenges and Opportunities with Bt Cotton in Viet Nam. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.<br /> <br /> Huang, F., R. Parker, B.R. Leonard, Y. Yong, and Jin Liu. 2009. Frequency of resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis-corn in Texas populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Crop Protection. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2008.10.002.<br /> <br /> Huang, F., B.R. Leonard, S.H. Moore, B. Yue, R. Parker, T. Reagan, M. Stout, D.R. Cook, W. Akbar, C. Chilcutt, W. White, D. Lee, and S. Biles. 2008. Geographical susceptibility of Louisiana and Texas populations of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein. Crop Protect. 27: 799-806.<br /> <br /> Hunt, T., K. Jarvi, R. Wright and G. Hein. 2008. Integrated Pest Management: As important now as ever. pp. 47-50, Proceedings of Crop Protection Clinics. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Hurley, T. M., and P. D. Mitchell. 2008. Insect Resistance Management: Adoption and Compliance. D. W. Onstad, ed. Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 227-253.<br /> <br /> Icoz, I., Saxena, D., Andow, D. A., Zwahlen, C. and Stotzky, G. 2008. Microbial populations and enzyme activities in soil in situ under transgenic corn expressing Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Environmental Quality 37: 647 662.<br /> <br /> Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M. Boetel, and D. Markle. 2008. 2008 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide. NDSU Ext. Serv., E-1143.<br /> <br /> Krumm, J. T., T. E. Hunt, S. R. Skoda, G. L. Hein, D. L. Lee, P. L. Clark, and J. E. Foster. 2008. Genetic variability of the European corn borer, Ostinia nubilalis, suggests gene flow between populations in the Midwestern United States. J. Insect Science 8:69, available online: insectscience.org/8.69.<br /> <br /> Mitchell, P. D., and W. D. Hutchison. 2008. Assessing and Communicating the Value and Risk of IPM. E. B. Radcliffe and W. D. Hutchison, eds. Integrated Pest Management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Forthcoming.<br /> <br /> Mitchell, P. D., and D. W. Onstad. 2008. Valuing Insect Resistance in an Uncertain Future. D. W. Onstad, ed. Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 17-38.<br /> <br /> Olson, D.M. and D.A. Andow. 2008. Patch size and edges and insect populations in landscapes. Oecologia 155: 549 558.<br /> <br /> Pereira, E.J.G., B.A. Lang, N.P. Storer, and B.D. Siegfried. 2008. Selection for Cry1F resistance in the European corn borer and cross resistance to other Cry toxins. Entomol. Exper. Appl. 126: 115-121.<br /> <br /> Pereira, E.J.G., N.P. Storer, and B.D. Siegfried. 2008. Inheritance of Cry1F resistance in laboratory-selected European corn borer and its survival on transgenic corn expressing the Cry1F toxin. Bull. Entomol. Research (doi:10.1017/S0007485308005920).<br /> <br /> Palizada, S. A. 2008. Effects of different transgenic and non-transgenic maize on minute pirate bug (Orius insidiosus (Say)) populations and other key arthropods. M.S. Thesis., University of Nebraska-Lincon, Lincoln, Nebraska.<br /> <br /> Prasifka, J.R., Lopez, M.D., Hellmich, R.L. 2008. Effects of insecticide exposure on movement and population size estimates of predatory ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pest Management Science. 64:30-36.<br /> <br /> Prasifka, J.R., R.L. Hellmich, G.P. Dively, L.S. Higgins, P.M. Dixon and J.J. Duan. 2008. Selection of nontarget arthropod taxa for field research on transgenic insecticidal crops: Using empirical data and statistical power. Environ. Entomol. 37:1-10.<br /> <br /> Romeis, J., D. Bartsch, F. Bigler, M.P. Candolfi, M.M.C. Gielkens, S.E. Hartley, R.L. Hellmich, J.E. Huesing, P.C. Jepson, R. Layton, H. Quemada, A. Raybould, R.I. Rose, J. Schiemann, M.K. Sears, A.M. Shelton, J. Sweet, Z. Vaituzis and J.D. Wolt. 2008. Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods. Nature Biotech. 26:203-208.<br /> <br /> White, J.A. and D.A. Andow. 2008. Benefits of self-super-parasitism in a polyembryonic parasitoid. Biological Control 46:133 139.<br /> <br /> Wu, X., B.R. Leonard, Y-C Zhu, C.A. Abel, G.P. Head, and F. Huang. 2009. Susceptibility of Cry1Ab-resistant and -susceptible sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to four Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. J. Invert. Pathol. 100:29-34.<br /> <br /> Yue, B., F. Huang, B. R. Leonard, S. Moore, D. A. Andow, D. Cook, K. Emfinger and D. R. Lee. 2009. Verifying an F1 screen for identification and quantification of rare Bacillus thuringiensis resistance alleles in field populations of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 129: 172 180.<br /> <br /> Ziems, J. R., W. W. Hoback, L. G. Higley, T. E. Hunt, O. A. Fernandes, C. Bastos, and A. Bueno. 2008. Second generation European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) injury and Irish potato physiology, yield, and quality. Agron. J. 100:720-725.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Resistance to pesticides continues to be a concern, and will become an even greater concern to agriculture in the future. By educating farmers to the importance of this issue, IRM compliance has been increased and our current and future management tools will be preserved well into the future, protecting the environment and contributing to farmer profitability.
2. Planting of Bt corn has increased dramatically since its introduction in 1996. Widespread adoption of the technology will likely increase selection pressures and place increased priority on development of sound resistance management practices. Bt resistance monitoring information provided by NC-205 participants is currently utilized by most of the major seed and biotechnology companies to support registrations of transgenic corn for both European corn borer and more recently, the western corn rootworm. These data are necessary to the long term sustainability of this technology.
3. Surveys of participants in the UNL Extension Crop Protection Clinics, where corn IPM and IRM presentations were made, indicated that 1,500 agribusiness representatives and producers were trained on profitable pest management strategies. Over 50% of the attendees responded that the program helped them learn new material that will improve their operations. Participants demonstrated an average improvement of 86% in understanding selected content as measured by pre- and post-quiz questions. Potential value of the clinics is $28 million. Likewise, surveys of the UNL Extensions 2008 Crop Management Diagnostic Clinics indicated that the participants valued the material at more than $30 million dollars, and the 527 Ag producers and agribusiness representatives trained had a 100% satisfaction level.
4. The F2 screen is now being used to screen for Bt resistant alleles for Heliothis virescens in SE US and for Helicoverpa armigera in China and continues to be used for Ostrinia nubilalis in France and for H. armigera in Australia (for both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab).
5. Ecological risk assessment for GM crops is being conducted by about 50 trained Vietnamese scientists.
6. Education of Michigan growers on Bt technology, particularly on stacked traits, will reduce loss from poor or incorrect seed choice, and reinforce the importance of managing resistance. Pheromone trapping documented the first successful overwintering survival of western bean cutworm (WBC) and statewide infestation. WBC damage to corn and dry beans was economically significant through yield loss and insecticide cost. This new pest will necessitate new recommendations and research in 2009.
7. The link between the Philippines and MSU assisted that country in developing resistance management policies for Asian corn borer, and in building the capacity of government employees tasked with regulating Bt corn. This will help the Philippines use biotechnology more wisely.
8. Corn growers in North Dakota have increased their knowledge on and utilization of Integrated Pest Management strategies for control of European corn borer as evidenced by improved timing of field scouting activities and treatment decisions and increased understanding of use of Bt transgenic corn and its implications for resistance management of European corn borer.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Cullen, Eileen (cullen@entomology.wisc.edu)- Univ. Wisconsin;
Hunt,Tom (thunt2@unl.edu)- Univ. Nebraska, NEREC/HAL;
Andow, Dave (dandow@umn.edu)- Univ. Minnesota;
Hutchison, Bill (Hutch002@umn.edu)- Univ. Minnesota;
Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu)- Univ. Maryland;
Lindroth, Erica (erica.lindroth@huskers.unl.edu)- Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln;
Bledsoe, Larry (lbledsoe@prudue.edu)- Purdue Univ.;
Paula-Moraes, Silvana (Silvana.moraes@huskers.unl.edu)- Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln;
Siegfried, Blair (bsiegfried1@unl.edu)- Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln;
White, Jen (jenawhite@uky.edu)- Univ. Kentucky;
Harwood, James (James.harwood@uky.edu)- Univ. Kentucky;
Kroemer, Jeremy (Jeremy.kroemer@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa;
Kang, Jungkoo (kang61@illinois.edu)- Univ. Illinois, Urbana;
Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu)- Louisiana St. Univ., Ag Center;
Glaser, John (Glaser.john@epa.gov)- USEPA ORD, Cincinnati, Ohio;
Onstad, David (onstadt@illinois.edu)- Univ. Illinois;
Smith, Jocelyn (jsmith@ridgetown@uoguelph.ca)- Univ. Guelph, Ridgetown Can.;
Difonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu)- Michigan State Univ.;
Michel, Andy (Michel.70@osu.edu)- The Ohio State Univ.;
Baute, Tracey (Tracey.baute@ontario.ca)- OMAFRA;
Sappington, Tom (Tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa;
Mitchell, Paul (pamitchell@wisc.edu)- Univ. Wisconsin, Madison;
Buschman, Larry (lbuschma@ksu.edu)- Kansas St. Univ.;
Hellmich, Rick (Richard.hellmich@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa;
Pueppke, Steve (pueppke@msu.edu)- Michigan St. Univ.;
Razze, Janine (jrazze@udel.edu)- Univ. Delaware;
Mason, Chuck (mason@udel.edu)- Univ. Delaware;
Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu)- Texas A & M Univ.;
Wright, Bob (rwright2@unl.edu)- Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln.;
Nowierski, Bob (rfnowierski@nifa.usda.gov)- USDA-NIFA, Washington, DC.

Brief Summary of Minutes

2010 Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the Multi-State Regional Research Committee NC-205 Ecology and Management of European Corn Borer and Other Lepidopteran Pests of Corn

As recorded by Thomas E. Hunt, secretary and acting chair.

Madison, Wisconsin
January 24-26, 2010
Monona Terrace Conference Center
Hilton Madison Monona Terrace
9 East Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703
(608) 255-5100.

Monday, January 25, 2010

Chair of the NC-205 committee, Dennis Calvin, was absent. Thomas Hunt, secretary chaired the meeting and took minutes. Meeting began at 8:30 AM.

Local Arrangement Announcements
Eileen Cullen indicated registration fee would be $100 for the NC205 meeting, $150 if you also attended the NCCC46/NC205 joint meeting, payable to the University of Wisconsin.

Time and Place and Nominating Committees established
Pat Porter and Andy Michel volunteered to be the T and P Committee. It was suggested NC205 meet in Columbus, Ohio in 2011. Rick Hellmich and Charles Mason volunteered to be on the Nominating Committee.

NCR 327 Progress
Charles Mason indicated THE Bt corn section needs work. We need to deal with the rapid change in Bt technology, for example, the recent deployment of stacked hybrids. The electronic version will handle changes well, but we need to decide how to discuss change in the hard copy document. Pat Porter suggested we deal primarily with why changes will occur. We need to remember a main audience is farmers and consultants, and develop our content for those audiences. A subcommittee was established to develop the IRM extension materials. Members are Tracy Baute (chair), Pat Porter, Rick Hellmich, Eileen Cullen, and Jocelyn Smith. The timeline for the NC327 publication is to begin the final editing in 2-3 months, insert illustrations, and initiate publication process. The goal is for the document to be in the publication mill before October 2010, hopefully published by October or shortly thereafter.

Recap of Activities and Influence
Galen Dively noted that more attention is being paid to effect of Bt and other pesticides on other non-targets (e.g. honey bees). Protocols are being developed to evaluate effects to aquatic organisms.

Rick Hellmich noted he was part of a working group working on protocols for evaluating other non-targets.

Charles Mason noted there are concerns that because ECB populations are in areawide decline, some believe there is no need to worry about ECB, and outbreaks could occur, causing significant economic loss. Larry Buschman noted that southwestern corn borer populations can rapidly recover from declines.

Rick Hellmich and other NC205 members (e.g. Blair Siegfried) participated in the 23rd International working Group on Ostrinia in Munich. There was discussion of whether NC205 could hold its annual meeting jointly with this group. NC205 members also have advised on other International arenas, including on Bt in cowpea in Africa and the Brazilian Biosafety Council.

Tom Sappington briefly updated the group on ASTAs initiative on the research on commercial products issue. Work on establishing umbrella agreements with numerous research institutions is progressing.

Tracy Baute noted that Canada is ramping-up there development and delivery of refuge information. There is general concern in Canada and the U.S. that the increasing number of transgenic hydrid options and the presence different IRM requirements is confusing farmers. News of the possible seed mixture refuge (refuge in a bag) is also causing farmers confusion and frustration.

NC205 members have been involved with IRM extension training in several Asian countries.

Fangneng Huang noted there is increasing interest in and discussion of sugarcane borer.

Blair Siegfried has been working with Malaysian researchers on Asian corn borer. It is proving to be very similar to European corn borer.

Invited Presentations
Various aspects of European corn borer larval behavior was presented by members of the labs of Charles Mason and Rick Hellmich.

State Reports and Discussion, by Objective
Research, extension, and outreach reports were presented by state representatives to NC-205. Discussion ranged over a variety of NC-205 objective-related topics.

5:00 PM Adjourn for Monday, January 25.

Tuesday, January 26, 2010

8:00 AM
Return to Committee Business
P&T Committee report: A motion was made to suggest Columbus, Ohio as the 2011 location for the NC205 annual meeting. The motion was seconded and approved by NC205. They will forward that suggestion to the NCC46 Committee, as they will meet just prior to NC205.

Nominating Committee report: A motion was made to confirm Thomas Hunt as Chair, and Eileen Cullen as Secretary for the next year of NC205. The motion was seconded and approved by NC205.

Administrative Advisor Report
Steve Pueppke indicated that the end of the current project is this fall. The proposal for the next 5-year cycle has been submitted. Final decision for approval will be in March.

Concerning federal funding: Although there will be an attempt to maintain formula funding, growth in funding continues to be competitive. Most funding lines are reduced. The new administrative goals for research are the same for extension.

Bob Nowierski noted that all 406 programs are integrated this fiscal year, and many AFRI programs will be integrated.

NC205 members noted that Ag is underfunded and formula funds are essential to rapid and effective response to local and regional problems.

Continuation of State Reports & Discussion

Discussion of NC-205/NCCC-46 Joint Meeting topics
Tom Sappington led a discussion concerning the issue of research using commercialized transgenic seed. A paper resenting the issue is soon to be published.

5:00 PM Adjourn 2010 NC-205 Annual Meeting.

Accomplishments

NC205 continues to coordinate meetings and research with NCC46 "Development, Optimization, and Delivery of Management Strategies for Corn Rootworms and Other Below-ground Insect Pests of Maize". Between their respective annual meetings, they hold joint meetings where issues, usually relating to transgenic technology and insect resistance management, are discussed and where representatives of various stakeholder groups (e.g. EPA, Industry, commodity groups) are invited to participate.<p><br /> <br /> The results of sugarcane borer resistance allele frequency studies suggest resistance allele frequency to the three novel Bt corn technologies in sugarcane borer is very low in Louisiana, which should meets the rare initial resistance assumption of the high dose/refuge IRM strategy in this area. The results also showed that live insects recovered from the experimental Bt plants in the field were not resistant to VT triple Pro or SmartStax Bt corn.<p><br /> <br /> Results of sugarcane resistance studies suggest that reductions in expressions of the three midgut aminopeptidase genes is associated with Cry1Ab resistance in D. saccharalis.<p><br /> <br /> The state of Ohio was sampled for evidence of European Corn Borer (ECB) and Western Bean Cutworm (WBC). Where located, infestation level and damage to corn was recorded. Results from our surveys were disseminated through the Ohio State University Extension Agronomic Crops Newsletter, and our newly developed OSU Agronomic Crop Insects website (http://entomology.osu.edu/ag/). In addition, information on the biology and management of WBC, including identification, trapping and scouting protocols, was presented at various field days. These presentations have been recorded using Camtasia software and are available for viewing on our website. We also created a video for WBC scouting which can be viewed on our website. Fact sheets for both pests, as well as black cutworm, were updated and uploaded onto our website. Currently, 2 publications are in preparation regarding the biology, ecology and management, and documenting the eastward expansion.<p><br /> <br /> 155 traps established across Ontario and 11 in southern Quebec in 2009, monitored weekly by trained OMAFRA staff, growers, ag reps and consultants. 19 sites were in dry bean fields, 147 sites were in field corn. <br /> The western bean cutworm (WBC) trap network was very successful this year. Based on this years results, WBC is continuing to spread further north and east into Ontario and the Great Lakes Region. Many counties in Ontario and Quebec had caught WBC moths for the first time compared to trap results from 2008.<p> <br /> <br /> An added unforeseen outcome of th WBC trap network project was the collection and sharing of trap data from 2006 to 2009 from Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Ontario, Pennsylvania, New York and Quebec. Maps were developed for each year, depicting the range expansion of this pest into the Great Lakes Region.<p> <br /> <br /> Numerous peer-reviewed journal publications, extension publications, published abstracts, proceedings, and various electronic media were published by NC-205 members.<p><br />

Publications

Andow, D. A., G. L. Lövei, and S. Arpaia. 2009. Cry toxins and proteinase inhibitors in transgenic plants do have non-zero effects on natural enemies in the laboratory: Rebuttal to Shelton et al., 2009. Environmental Entomology 38: 1528-1532.<p><br /> <br /> Bel, Y., H.A.A. Siqueira, B.D. Siegfried, J. Ferre, and B. Escriche. 2009. Variability in the cadherin gene in Ostrinia nubilalis selected for Cry1Ab resistance. Insect Molec. Biol.39: 218-223.<p><br /> <br /> Blanco, C. A., D. A. Andow, C. A. Abel, D. V. Sumerford, G. Hernandez, J. D. López, Jr., L. Adams, Astrid Groot, B. R. Leonard, R. Parker, G. Payne, O. P. Perera, A. P. Terán-Vargas and A. Azuara-Domínguez. 2009. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac resistance frequency in tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 102(1): 381  387.<p><br /> <br /> Coates, Brad S., Nicholas J. Miller, Douglas V. Sumerford, Thomas W. Sappington, Blair D. Siegfried, Leslie C. Lewis. 2009. Comparative performance of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite markers for the detection of population differentiation in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. of Heredity 100: 556564.<p><br /> <br /> Coates, B. S., D. V. Sumerford, R. L. Hellmich, and L. C. Lewis. 2009. Repetitive genome elements in a European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, bacterial artificial chromosome library were indicated by bacterial artificial chromosome end sequencing and development of sequence tag site markers: implications for lepidopteran genomic research. Genome 52: 57-67.<p><br /> <br /> Crespo, A.L.B., T. Spencer, A.P. Alves, R.L. Hellmich, E.E. Blankenship, L.C. Magalhaes, and B.D. Siegfried. 2009. On-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Pest Manag. Sci. 10: 1071-1081.<p><br /> <br /> Hu, Y. and D. A. Andow. 2009. A technique for distinguishing virgin and mated males of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Journal of Entomological Science 44:264-275.<p><br /> <br /> Huang, F. 2009. Resistance to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops in target insect pests: current status and prospect. Pp. 179-192. In Advances in Entomological Research: From Molecular Biology to Pest Management, eds by T.X. Liu and L. Kang, Higher Education Press, Beijing, China.<p><br /> <br /> Huang, F., R. Parker, B.R. Leonard, Y. Yong, and Jin Liu. 2009. Frequency of resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis-corn in Texas populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Crop Protect. 28: 174-180.<p><br /> <br /> Khajuria, C., Y.C.Zhu, M-S.Chen, L.L. Buschman, R.A. Higgins, J.Yao, A.L.B. Cresop, B.D. Siegfried, S. Muthukrishnan. and K.Y. Zhu. 2009. Expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis): Exploring candidate genes potentially involved in Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistance. BMC Genomics 10: 286 (1-14).<p><br /> <br /> Kim K.S, Bagley M.J, Brad S. Coates B.S, Richard L. Hellmich, Thomas W. Sappington. 2009. Spatial and temporal genetic analyses reveal high gene flow among European corn borer populations across the central US Corn Belt. Econ Entomol 38: 13121323.<p><br /> <br /> Lawhorn, C.N., D.A. Neher, and G.P. Dively. 2009. Impact of coleopteran targeting toxin (Cry3Bb1) of Bt corn on microbially mediated decomposition. Appl. Soil Ecology 41:364-368.<p><br /> <br /> Lövei, G. L., D. A. Andow and S. Arpaia. 2009. Transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies: a detailed review of laboratory studies. Environmental Entomology 38(2): 293-306.<p><br /> <br /> Miller, Nicholas J., David L. Dorhout, Marlin E. Rice, and Thomas W. Sappington. 2009. Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Range Expansion in Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): No Evidence for a Recent Population Bottleneck. Environ. Entomol. 38(1): 274-280.<p><br /> <br /> Pereira, E.J.G., H.A.A. Siqueira, M. Zhuang, N.P. Storer, and B.D. Siegfried. 2009. Studies on the mechanism of Cry1F resistance in laboratory-selected European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J. Invert. Pathol 103: 17.<p> <br /> <br /> Peterson, J.A., Obrycki, J.J., Harwood, J.D. 2009. Quantification of exposure pathways in carabid food webs across multiple transgenic events. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 19, 613-625.<p><br /> <br /> Prasifka, Jarrad R., Richard L. Hellmich, Andre L. B. Crespo, Blair D. Siegfried, David W. Onstad. 2009. Video-tracking and On-plant Tests Show Cry1Ab Resistance Influences Behavior and Survival of Neonate Ostrinia nubilalis Following Exposure to Bt Maize. J Insect Behav<br /> DOI 10.1007/s10905-009-9190-3.<p><br /> <br /> Prasifka, J. R., R. L. Hellmich, D. V. Sumerford, and B. D. Siegfried. 2009. Bacillus thuringiensis Resistance Influences European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Larval Behavior After Exposure to Cry1Ab. J. Econ. Entomol. 102(2): 781-787.<p><br /> <br /> Swan, C.M., P.D. Jensen, G.P. Dively, and W.O. Lamp. 2009. Processing of transgenic crop residues in stream ecosystems. Jour. of Appl. Ecology 46: 13041313.<p><br /> <br /> Wu, X., F. Huang, B.R. Leonard, and Mukti Ghimire. 2009. Growth and development of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab-susceptible and -resistant sugarcane borer on diet and conventional corn plants. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 133: 199207.<p> <br /> <br /> Wu, X., F. Huang, B.R. Leonard, and J. Ottea. 2009. Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein in the sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 102: 4449.<p> <br /> <br /> Wu, X., B.R. Leonard, Y-C Zhu, C.A. Abel, G.P. Head, and F. Huang. 2009. Susceptibility of Cry1Ab-resistant and -susceptible sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to four Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. J. Invert. Pathol. 100:29-34.<p><br /> <br /> Xu, Z., F. Liu, J. Chen, F. Huang, D. A. Andow, J. Shen, Y. C. Zhu. 2009. Using an F2 screen to monitor resistance allele frequency to Bt cotton in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science 65(4): 391-397.<p><br />

Impact Statements

1. The problem of inability of public-sector scientists to conduct research on commercialized transgenic crops without company permission was not well known before corn entomologists publicly warned EPA. Industry is now working with public entomologists and taking concrete steps to mitigate the problem.
2. The effects of Nosema infection on European corn borer flight activity and capacity will improve understanding of evolution of ECB resistance to Bt corn, and effects of regional declines in ECB populations on Nosema prevalence and maintenance.
3. Determination of the percentage of European corn borer populations of both the E and Z pheromone strains that develop on non-corn hosts indicates that the idea of substituting natural or unstructured refuge for non-Bt corn as an IRM strategy is not viable for this species, at least in northeastern North America.
4. Efficacy and economic data indicate that T. ostriniae is worthwhile for both conventional and organic growers of sweet corn. Now that it has been demonstrated to be economically advantageous, these findings should help to encourage adoption of biological control with this natural enemy. There are several benefits that could be then realized- increased profit, reduced pesticide usage, improved human safety, reduced non-target effects, and lastly, reduced fuel consumption for spraying.
5. The results from a meta-analysis of effects of Bt crops on honey bees suggests that corn tissue breakdown is unlikely to be altered by Bt, but more so by hybrid- and site-specific factors such as nutrients. Management of agricultural streams will need to consider multiple sources of stress at larger scales, such as nutrient loading and temperature, which probably overwhelm the potential for consumer mediation of ecosystem processes in these ecosystems.
6. Recurrent warming of cold stored biological control agents may allow better health and greater survival of emerging adults. If so, this method may augment current storage methods and provide producers with a product with greater shelf-life, and consumers with more vigorous and healthy biological control agents.
7. Since WBC is a relatively new pest in OH (first detected in 2006), growers are now better prepared and trained in scouting and management through our dissemination efforts. Due to the rapid expansion of this pest, and informal working group of Eastern Great Lakes extension entomologists has been formed (IN, MI, OH, PA, NY and the provinces of Ontario and Québec, Canada) to increase effective collaboration and information transfer.

Back to top