Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/24/2001] [12/12/2002] [03/08/2004] [12/08/2004] [12/01/2005]

Report Information

Participants

Smith, Mike (pearl@uwyo.edu) - Wyoming; Tueller, Paul (ptt&unr.edu) - Nevada; West, Neil (new369@cc.usu.edu) - Utah; Pyke, David (pyked@fsl.orst.edu)- USGS; McDaniel, Kirk (kmcdanie@nmsu.edu)- New Mexico; Krueger, Bill (William.C.Krueger@orst.edu)- Oregon; Heitschmidt, Rod (rod@larrl.ars.usda.gov)- ARS; Jacobs, Jim Administrative Advisor (aes@uwyo.edu)- Wyoming

Brief Summary of Minutes

As part of the annual meeting of WCC-40, several committee members attended the "Ecological Site Description Symposium." The symposium was sponsored by the New Mexico Section of the Society of Range Management. WCC-40 passed a resolution commending all the New Mexico

participants for their collaboration in improving Ecological Site Descriptions. Joel Brown attended part of the WCC-40 meeting and thanked committee members for attending the Ecological Site Description Symposium. He also discussed the NRCS range handbook and

invited the committee to provide feedback.



State reports were given at the meeting and are summarized in the minutes. Allan Torell, representing WCC-55, attended part of WCC-40‘s meeting. He reported on the activities of WCC-55 and the Policy Analysis Center for Public Lands. WCC-55 will be meeting in San

Antonio in October 2002 and it was decided that WCC-40 would meet jointly with WCC-55 next year.



There is some concern regarding committee members and their commitment to WCC-40. It was suggested that the Administrative Advisor contact committee members who did not attend the meeting to determine their desire to continue with the committee. In terms of a representative

from NRCS and BLM, it was determined that Larry Butler from NRCS and Tim Reuwsaat from BLM would be contacted requesting a representative to WCC-40 from their agencies.



There was considerable discussion on various reports being done on the condition of grazing land and the impacts of cattle gazing. Specific reports mentioned were the Rangeland Environmental Assessment Report (REAP), the Heinz Center Report, and the Yellowstone Report. The Heinz Center Report is being reviewed by Neil West. Neil will send copies of the Heinz report to WCC-40 members and they will provide comments on the report to Neil. It was decided that the Yellowstone report should be looked at by WCC-40 but no specific assignments were made. It was decided the WCC-40 would organize a symposium for the SRM meetings to

be held in Casper, Wyoming in February 2003. The topic of the proposed symposium is "Putting Monitoring Information to Work." In preparation for that symposium, the proposed papers will be presented as part of WCC-40‘s October 2002 annual meeting in San Antonio, TX.



The elected officers for WCC-40 will be:



Chairperson: David Pyke

Vice-chair & Secretary: Steve Bunting

Local arrangements: Wayne Hamilton

Accomplishments

During this past year WCC-40 prepared and had approved a petition for renewal for the period October 1, 2001 through September 30, 2006. Committee members have been actively involved in rangeland monitoring and reviewing reports on rangeland conditions.

Publications

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Barker, Bill (William_Barker@ndsu.nodak.edu)-North Dakota State University;
Bunting, Steve (sbunting@uidaho.edu)-University of Idaho;
Heitschmidt, Rod (rod@larrl.ars.usda.gov)-USDA ARS;
Jacobs, Jim (jjj@uwyo.edu)-University of Wyoming-Admin Advisor;
Jones, Bruce (Jones.bruce@epamail.epa.gov)-EPA, Nevada;
Marlow, Clayton(cmarlow@montana.edu)-Montana State University;
McDaniel, Kirk (kmcdanie@nmsu.edu)-New Mexico State University;
Pyke, David (david_a_pyke@usgs.gov)-USGS;
Tueller, Paul (ptt@unr.edu)-University of Nevada,Reno;
Vermier, Lance (lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov)-USDA ARS;
West, Neil (new369@cc.usu.edu)-Utah State University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

State and agency reports were given for each state and agency with participants at the meeting. Reports focused on personnel and the educational and research programs of the states and agencies. These reports were followed by a discussion and update on assessment, inventory, and monitoring developments for rangelands. The committee then discussed getting representation from NRCS and BLM on WCC-40. Names were suggested and Jim Jacobs will contact them about participation on WCC-40. Next WCC-40 met jointly with WCC-55 to discuss the format and subject of a jointly sponsored symposium for the Society of Range Management annual meeting in 2004. WCC-40 & WCC-55 will meet jointly in 2003 to coordinate and have an initial presentation of the symposium. Members of WCC-40 & WCC-55 toured the Texas A&M Agricultural Research Centers at San Angelo and Sonora.

Accomplishments

Select members of WCC-40 provided technical assistance in the development of the Society for Range Managements report submitted to the National Research Council on the contents of NRCs reports entitled Ecological Dynamics of Yellowstones Northern Range and Riparian Areas: Functions and Strategies for Management.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Rangeland agriculture is a high risk venture subject to considerable ecological and economic risks. Its sustainability is linked, therefore, to graziers&lsquo; ability to manage these high levels of uncertainty over both time and space. The research proposed herein is designed to reduce levels of risk by: 1) improving our understanding of both the short- and long-term ecological consequences of climatic conditions, particularly drought, and various grazing tactics; 2) developing proactive, early warning drought management strategies; 3) screening newly developed forage germplasm for persistence, potential productivity; 4) developing improved methods for assessing forage quality; 5) determining the mechanisms responsible for differing levels of beef cattle production as a function of differing seasons of calving; and 6) identifying the economic merits of varying seasons of calving and subsequent post-weaning management strategies. In addition, a portion of this research is designed to quanitify the capacity of Northern Great Plains rangelands to sequester and store atmospheric carbon. Such information is vital for the development of sound, national, climate change related, land management policies particularly in light of the vast amounts of rangelands located in the Northern Great Plains region as well as across the United States.

Publications

Dean, T.L. 2001. Influence of grazing management and supplementation of a loose zinc sulfate fortified mineral on diet quality and gain of stocker cattle grazing native range. NMSU MS Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Grings, E.E. 2001. Phillips, W.A., Short, R.E., Mayeux, H.S. and Heitschmidt, R.K. Performance of Steer Calves Born in the Northern Great Plains in Three Seasons of Calving and Used as Stocker Cattle on Winter Wheat Pasture in the Southern Great Plains. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Grings. E.E., Short, R.E., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2001. Effects of Season of Calving and Weaning Age on Cow and Calf Production Through Weaning. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp, M.R. 2001. Annual Bromes-Good or Bad? USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp, M.R. 2001. Climate Diagram-Miles City, MT. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp. M.R. 2001. Evaluation of Experimental and Released Cool-season Grass Varieties in the Northern Great Plains. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp, M.R., Heitschmidt, R.K., Grings, E.E. and MacNeil, M.D. 2001. Livestock Performance on Seeded Cool-season Forages. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp, M.R. and R.K. Heitschmidt. 2001. Measuring Carbon Fluxes over Northern Great Plains Rangelands. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamkp, M.R., MacNeil, M.D., Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., and Klement, K.D. 2001. Heifer Production on Seeded Cool-season Forages. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Heitschmidt, R.K., Haferkamp, M.R., and Klement, K.D. 2001. Grazing and Drought Management. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Heitschmidt, R.K., Klement, K.D., and Kruse, R.E. 2001. Drought Management-Do You Have to Run Out of forage Before You Manage? USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Hodgson, Q.W. 2001. Aplomado falcon habitat and rangeland characteristics in semi-desert grasslands of northern Chihuahua, Mexico. NMSU MS Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Hyder, P.W. 2001. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid as potential allelopathic compounds in creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (Sess. & Moc. ex DC.) Cov.] and tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert. NMSU PhD Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Klement, K.D., R.K. Heitxchmidt, and C.E. Kay. 2001. Eighty Years of Vegetation and Landscape Changes in the Northern Great Plains. A Photographic Record. Conservation Research Report No. 45. USDA ARS.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Lucas, R.W. 2001. Riparian area response to different intensities of cattle grazing and different seasons of use in the black range of western New Mexico. NMSU MS Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Teaschner, T.B. 2001. Influence of soil depth and texture on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) density and canopy cover in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. NMSU MS Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Tshireletso, K. 2001. The effects of drought on plant response in Northern Chihuahuan Desert rangelands. NMSU MS Thesis.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Vermeire, L.T., Heitschmidt, R.K., Haferkamp, M.R. 2001. Impacts of Various Livestock Grazing Strategies on Northern Great Plains Rangelands. USDA ARS.

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Barker, Bill (william.barker@ndsu.nodak.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Brown, Joel (joelbrow@nmsu.edu) - NRCS;
Bunting, Steve (sbunting@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho;
Hall, Robert (hall.robertk@epa.gov) - US EPA;
Holochek (holochek@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Jacobs, Jim (jjj@uwyo.edu) - University of Wyoming;
Krueger, Bill (william.c.krueger@orst.edu) - Oregon State University;
Marlow, Clay (cmarlow@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
Perryman, Barry (bperryman@cabnr.unr.edu) - University of Nevada Reno;
Pyke, David (david.a.pyke@usgs.gov) - USGS;
Tueller, Paul (ptt@unr.edu) - University of Nevada Reno;
West, Neil (new369@cc.usu.edu) - Utah State University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

At this year‘‘s meeting, WCC-40 and WCC-55 met jointly. The focus of the joint meeting was a trial run of six papers for the upcoming symposium, "Rangelands in Transition: The Changing Faces of Rangeland Users, Implications for Management and Rangeland Sustainability," at the Society of Range Management annual meeting in Salt Lake City. John Tanaka reported on the Sustainable Rangeland Roundtable projects and Neil Rimbey reported on the W-192 regional project. That group is studying the impact on rural communities from changes in public policies. Reports were given for each state and agency with participants at the meeting. Reports focused on personnel and the educational and research programs of the states and agencies followed by discussion and updates on SRM Rangeland Assessment and Monitoring Committee, Sustainable Rangeland Roundtable, Rangeland Environmental Assessment Program, Heinz Center and The Nature Conservancy activity. The committee has been concerned about representation from NRCS and BLM on WCC-40. At this year‘‘s meeting Joel Brown participated as a representative for NRCS and Sherm Karl has agreed to join WCC-40 to represent BLM. Members of WCC-40 and WCC-55 spent a day touring rangeland research in Nevada. The next meeting of WCC-40 will be in Boise, Idaho, October 4-6, 2004. Officers will be Bill Barker, chair and Bruce Jones, secretary/chair-elect.

Accomplishments

Select members of WCC-40 have participated in the joint symposium of WCC-55 and WCC-40 entitled, "Rangelands in Transition: The Changing Faces of Rangeland Users, Implications for Management and Rangeland Sustainability."<br /> <br><br /> <br>Results of grazing effects on carbon dynamics are in press. Data collection was completed and preliminary analyses were conducted for a study evaluating seven grazing strategies over six treatment years with pre- and post-treatment year measurements. Analyses are being conducted on two years of data on varied seasons of calving relative to nutrient dynamics on native pastures. The tenth year of data has been collected for the comparison of paired, native rangeland sites grazed by or excluded from cattle.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Research initiated in 2003 or planned for 2004 includes: 1) Effects of spring drought followed by record summer precipitation; 2) Grazing and fire effects on carbon dynamics; 3) Summer fire effects on northern mixed prairie plant communities; 4) Summer fire effects on grasshopper communities; and summer-burned mixed prairie response to 5) post-fire stocking rate; and 6) post-fire deferment period.<br /> <br><br /> <br>State reports for Oregon, Montana, and New Mexico that summarize research and publications are attached as part of the annual report minutes.

Publications

Emmerich, W.E. and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2002. Drought and grazing: II. Effects on runoff and water quality. J. Range Manage. 55:229-234.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Eneboe, E.J., Sowell, B.F., Heitschmidt, R.K., Karl, M.G., and Haferkamp, M.R. 2002. Drought and grazing: IV. Blue grama and western wheatgrass. J. Range Manage. 55:197-203.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., Short, R.E., and Haferkamp, M.R. 2002. Intensive-early stocking for yearling cattle in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 55:135-138.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Haferkamp, M.R., Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., and MacNeil, M.D. 2002. Quality and persistence of forages in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 55:482-487.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Heitschmidt, R.K. and Haferkamp, M.R. 2003. Northern mixed grass prairie case study. p. 107-126. In: J.F. Weltzin and G.R. McPhearson (eds.). Precipitation and terrestrial ecosystems. Johns Hopkins University Press.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Kruse, R.E., Tess, M.W., Heitschmidt, R.K., Paterson, J.A., and Klement. K. 2002. Evaluation of drought management strategies for cow-calf enterprises: A practical predictor of growing season forage production. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 53:212-215.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Manoukian, M. and C.B. Marlow. 2002. Historical trends in willow cover along streams in a southwestern Montana Cattle Allotment. Northwest Sci. 76(3):213-220.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Vermeire, L.T. and T.G. Bidwell. 2002. Fire prescriptions for vegetation management in Oklahoma. p. 229-239. In: L.T. Vermeire and J. Eckroat (eds.). Rangeland and Pasture Management Handbook for Western Oklahoma. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Vermeire, L.T., A.C. Ganguli, and R.L. Gillen. 2002. A robust model for estimating standing crop across vegetation types. Journal of Range Manage. 55(5):494-497.

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Barker, Bill (william.barker@ndsu.nodak.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Bunting, Steve (sbunting@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho;
Hardesty, Linda (lhardest@wsu.edu) - Washington State University;
Johnson, Pat (patj@ces.sdstate.edu - South Dakota State University;
Jacobs, Jim (jjj@uwyo.edu) - University of Wyoming;
Jones, Bruce (jones.bruce@epa.gov) - US EPA;
Krueger, Bill (william.e.krueger@oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University;
Marlow, Clayton (cmarlow@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
McDaniel, Kirk (kmcdanie@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Perryman, Barry (bperryman@cabnr.unr.edu) - University of Nevada Reno;
Ramsey, Doug (doug.ramsey@usu.edu) - Utah State University;
Smith, Mike (pearl@uwyo.edu) - University of Wyoming;
Vermeire, Lance (lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov) - USDA ARS;
West, Neil (new369@cc.usu.edu) - Utah State University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

While there was not a specific topic for this years annual meeting, the committees discussion focused on the different protocols being developed and used by agencies and individuals to monitor and/or evaluate rangeland condition. Committee members have concerns both with the description and development of site criteria as well as the expertise of individuals collecting the data. Several suggestions for WERA-40 involvement were discussed. Possible WERA-40 activities range from evaluating the quality of NRI data on a state-by-state basis to offering a certification program for rangeland monitoring. The rest of the meeting focused on state reports and discussion of topics and activities for a new project proposal for WERA-40. A subcommittee comprised of Steve Bunting, Mike Smith, Bill Krueger, and Clayton Marlow was established to address the development of a proposal for WERA-40. The subcommittees proposal will be discussed at next years annual meeting. Barry Perryman was elected secretary and Bruce Jones will move to chair of WERA-40 for next year. Next years meeting will be October 27-29, 2005 in New Mexico with Kirk McDaniel serving as host. Bruce and Kirk will work together in setting up the meeting.

Accomplishments

WCC 40 met twice with WCC 55 to develop and refine a joint symposium on changes in rangeland use since the early 1950s. During the 2001 joint meeting in San Angelo, TX both committees recognized the changing nature of rangeland use in the western states and began investigating the potential of using a symposium format to elevate the awareness of Range Scientists, Range Managers and Economists to the changes. Under dual chairmanship from both WCC groups various experts in geography, social sciences, economics and wildlife management were asked to develop papers for the Society for Range Management Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City (2004). At a joint meeting in Reno, NV in 2003 participants listened to draft presentations, made recommendations and selected reviewers for a published proceeding. The symposium, Rangelands in Transition: The Changing Faces of Rangeland Users: Implications for Management and Rangeland Sustainability was presented at Salt Lake City, UT in February 2004 with over 125 professionals in attendance.<br /> <br /> WCC 40 membership has continued to be closely involved with both Federal and state land managers and private stock producers to monitor rangeland responses to management activities and climatic variables. One example would be review of efforts by the Natural Resource Conservation Service to develop ecological site descriptions for each of the 13 participating states. This appears to have expedited finalization of these important land classification tools for use in rangeland monitoring. A second accomplishment was input into efforts to produce a region-wide map of vegetation and landforms (referred to the GAP Project) for identifying fragmentation of critical wildlife habitat. This resulted in identification of more vegetation cover type classes (36 classes expanded to 80) to refine the accuracy of an ecosystem map for Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and southern California. WCC 40 input also helped the REGAP team standardize vegetation class nomenclature for the West.<br />

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Monitoring guidelines for management compliance and ecosystem health are being implemented in a number of western states because of WCC 40 efforts during the current cycle. Examples are: permittee led monitoring on the Bureau of Land Management Pinedale District and the Bighorn National Fores in Wyoming and wetland condition and a conservation diversity index developed in North Dakota. A similar effort to incorporate permittee monitoring is being introduced in the fall of 2004 in Nevada.
2. Implementation of rotational grazing practices in North Dakota has generated about one million per year for North Dakota producers.
3. Using comments from the WCC-40 review the NRCS in New Mexico has refined its ecological site descriptions.
4. Input from WCC-40 on proposed curricula changes in the Range Science programs at Montana State University and North Dakota State University have led to substantial changes in the respective degree programs.
5. Based on our experience with earlier symposia, e.g. proper use of utilization standards, biodiversity, it will take one to two more years before pronounced changes in range management policy for new rangeland users will be incorporated in various state and Federal agency operations.

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Report Information

Participants

Alexander, Bob (robert_alexander@nm.blm.gov) - Bureau of Land Management;
Bailey, Derek (dwbailey@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Boykin, Ken (kboykin@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Frost, Ric (rfrost@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Hardesty, Linda (lhardest@wsu.edu) - Washington State University;
Jacobs, Jim (jjj@uwyo.edu) - University of Wyoming;
Johnson, Pat (patricia.johnson@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University;
Jones, Bruce (jones.bruce@epa.gov) - Environmental Protection Agency;
Launchbaugh, Karen (klaunchb@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho;
Marlow, Clayton (cmarlow@montana.edu) - Montana State University;
McDaniel, Kirk (kmcdanie@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University;
Perryman, Barry (bperryman@cabnr.unr.edu) - University of Nevada, Reno;
Peterson, Steven (steven.l.peterson@oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University;
Pyke, David (david_A_Pyke@usgs.gov) - United States Geological Survey;
Smith, Mike (pearl@uwyo.edu) - University of Wyoming;
Torell, Allen (atorell@nmsu.edu)  New Mexico State University;
Vermeire, Lance (lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov)  USDA ARS;

Brief Summary of Minutes

This years meeting focused on NRCSs Ecological Site Descriptions. There were several presentations that ranged from the history, challenges and direction of Ecological Site Descriptions to the role of Ecological Site Descriptions in research and their application to rangeland health concepts. A multi-agency workgroup (BLM, FS, NRCS) has been formed to work on an Interagency Manual on Ecological Site Descriptions for rangeland and a status report on this workgroup was given. There was a field trip to the Jornada Experimental Range where Ecological Sites were visited and WERA members had extensive discussions on the status of Ecological Site Descriptions in states across the west and the use of Ecological Site Descriptions. There was also a report on the southwest Regional GAP analysis. The rest of the meeting focused on state reports and discussion of topics and activities for a new project proposal for WERA-40. A subcommittee comprised of Bruce Jones, Barry Perryman, Steve Bunting, Mike Smith, Tamzen Stringham, and Clayton Marlow will draft a revised proposal for WERA-40. The subcommittees proposal will be circulated to committee members in December to meet the January 15, 2006 deadline for the revised proposal. Tamzen Stringham was elected secretary and Barry Perryman will move to chair of WERA-40 for next year. Next year WERA-40 will meet jointly with WERA-50 with the date and location to be determined.

Accomplishments

February 2005  Organized and participated in Rangeland Indicators Special Session at the SRM Annual Meeting in Fort Worth, Texas. The session included members of the round table discussion with the Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable Working Group, Council on Environmental Quality.<br /> <br /> <br /> October 2005  WERA members provided review and on-site feedback to the Natural Resource Conservation Service/USGS team developing Ver. 4 of Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health.<br /> <br /> <br /> Established subcommittee to develop draft submittal for new WERA committee<br />

Publications

Beever, E.A., Pyke, D.A., Chambers, J.C., Landau, F., Smith, S. 2005. Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basing National Park. Western North American Naturalist 65:382-401.<br /> <p><br /> Brooks, M.L., DAntonio, C.M., Richardson, D.M., Grace, J.B., Keeley, J.E., DiTomaso, J.M., Hobbs, R.J., Pellant, M., Pyke, D. 2004. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. BioScience 54:677-688.<br /> <p><br /> Heitschmidt, R.K., Byington, E.K. 2005. The role of agricultural research service in sustaining rangeland ecosystems. Society for Range Management Meeting Abstracts 58th Meeting # 164. CD only. Fort Worth, Texas. <br /> <p><br /> Heitschmidt, R.K., Klement, K.D., Haferkamp, M.R. 2005. Interactive effects of drought and grazing on northern great plains rangelands. Rangeland Ecology and Management 58:11-19.<br /> <p><br /> Hubber-Sannwald, E., Pyke, D.A. 2005. Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush-dominated site: an intermediate restoration step. Restoration Ecology 13:292-301.<br /> <p><br /> Muscha, J.M., Vermeire, L.T., Haferkamp, M.R. 2005. Effect of fire and grazing on vegetation and biological soil crusts in eastern Montana. Society for Range Management Meeting Abstracts 58:199.<br /> <p><br /> Pellant, M., Shaver, P., Pyke, D.A., Herrick, J.E. 2005. Interpreting indicators of rangeland health, version 4. Interagency Technical Reference 1734-6, USDI, Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center, Information and Communications Group, Denver, CO.<br /> <p><br /> Pyke, D.A., Knick, S.T. 2005. Plant invaders, global change and landscape restoration. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 22:73-83. <br /> <p><br /> Rose, J.L., Vermeire, L.T., Wester, D.B. 2005. First year response to summer fire and post-fire grazing effects in northern mixed prairie. Society for Range Management Abstracts # 58. <br /> <p><br /> Rose, J.L., Vermeire, L.T., Wester, D.B. 2005. First year richness and frequency response to summer fire and post-fire grazing. Society for Range Management Meeting Abstracts # 291. On CD only. <br /> <p><br /> Stubbs, M.M., Pyke, D.A. 2005. Available nitrogen: a time-based study of manipulated resource islands. Plant and Soil 270:123-133.<br /> <p><br /> Vermeire, L.T., Heitschmidt, R.K., Haferkamp, M.R. 2005. Northern plains plant community response to 10 years of livestock exclusion. Ecological Society of America Abstracts 90:661.<br /> <p><br /> Vermeire, L.T., Mitchell, R., Fuhlendorf, S.D., Wester, D.B. 2005. Patch burning and grazing effects on southern mixed prairie plant communities. Society for Range Management Meeting Abstracts # 357 on CD.

Impact Statements

1. May 2005  Elements from the 2004 Symposium, The Changing Faces of Rangeland Users: Implications for Management and Rangeland Sustainability (Society for Range Management Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT), have been incorporated into the US Forest Service National Line Officers Training curriculum. The first training session will be conducted in April 2006, Milford PA.

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