WERA_OLD39: Coordination of Sheep and Goat Research and Education Programs for the Western States

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[08/06/2004] [07/22/2005]

Date of Annual Report: 08/06/2004

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/17/2004 - 05/18/2004
Period the Report Covers: 05/01/2003 - 05/01/2004

Participants

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Accomplishments and Impacts For Objective 1, descriptions of potential impacts and applications were presented addressing sheep grazing for control of alfalfa weevil (Montana State University), the Montana Sheep Institute (Montana State University), prescribed sheep and goat browsing for controlling conifer encroachment (Montana State University), multi-species grazing and single species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland: an eight year summary (North Dakota State University), and the effects of multi-species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland using twice-over rotation and season long grazing treatments (North Dakota State University). For Objective 2, descriptions of potential impacts and applications were presented addressing the effects of progesterone therapy on embryonic survival and pregnancy rates in ewes (New Mexico State University), the incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and salmonella in fecal, wool, and carcass samples in feedlot lambs (New Mexico State University), utilization of east Friesian breeding to increase lamb production (Organ State University), the genotype x environmental interactions in goats (Prairie View A&M University), the influence of feeding vitamin D3 aging on the tenderness of four lamb muscles (Texas A&M University), the effect of induced ovulation on pregnancy rate in laparoscopically artificially inseminated ewes using frozen semen (Texas A&M University), the time dependent distribution of selenium in growing wethers (USDA-ARS, US Sheep Experiment Station), growth and reproductive performance of ewe lambs implanted with zeranol after weaning but before sexual maturation (University of Wyoming), incidence of genetic susceptibility to scrapie in selected purebred and commercial flocks (University of Wyoming), differences in production traits between scrapie resistant and scrapie susceptible ewes (University of Wyoming), effect of selecting for scrapie resistance at codon 171 on ram performance and carcass quality (University of Wyoming), and computer matching of digital images of retinal vascular patterns of sheep for animal verification (University of Wyoming). For Objective 3, a report was presented addressing the Texas Rambouillet Superior Genetics, Inc.: a cooperative sheep breeding program (Texas A&M University).

Publications

2003-04 Publications Alexander, B. M., R. H. Stobart, W. C. Russell, K. I. O?Rourke, A. N. Taylor and G. E. Moss. 2002. Incidence of genetic susceptibility to scrapie in selected purebred and commercial flocks. Proc. West Section ASAS 53:161-163. Alexander, B. M., R. H. Stobart, W. C. Russell, K. I. O?Rourke, A. N. Taylor and G. E. Moss. 2002. Incidence of genetic susceptibility to scrapie in selected purebred and commercial flocks. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 2): 112 (#29). Alexander, B.M., B.W. Hess, R.V. Lewis, R.H. Stobart and G.E. Moss. 2003. Growth and reproductive performance of ewe lambs implanted with zeranol after weaning, but before sexual maturation. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 18:61-64. Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.I. O?Rourke and G.E. Moss. 2003. Differences in production traits between scrapie resistant and scrapie susceptible ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (suppl. 1) T39. Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.I. O?Rourke, A.N. Taylor and G.E. Moss. 2002. Incidence of genetic susceptibility to scrapie in selected purebred and commercial flocks. Dept. Animal Sci. Annual Report. pp. 101-103. Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.L. O?Rourke and G.E. Moss. 2003. Differences in production traits between scrapie resistant and scrapie susceptible ewes. Proc. West. Section ASAS 54:101-103. Craddock, B.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2004. Tips for a Top Texas Wool Clip. Joint Texas Coop. Ext./Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Brochure. 8pp. Credille, K.M., C.J. Lupton, R.A. Kennis, R.L. Maier, K.A. Tucker, J. Dziezyc, S. Castle, G.A. Reinhart, G.M. Davenport, and R.W. Dunstan. 2002. What happens when a dog loses its puppy coat? Functional, developmental, and breed-related changes in the canine hair follicle. Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. K.L. Thoday, C.S. Foil, and R. Bond, Editors. Vol. 4. 43-48. Dzakuma, J.M., S,A. Ericsson, B.L. Sayre, T.A. Gipson, and H.D. Blackburn. 2003. Caprine genetic resource conservation program. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (Suppl. 1): 68. Faris, B.R., J.E. Otero, T.T. Ross, A.S. Carman, R.W. Montgomery, L.A. Terrazas, and D.M. Hallford. 2003. Effects of nutrition and progesterone therapy on ovulation, embryonic survival, and pregnancy rates in ewes. Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 54:247-250. Hruska, J.W., C.J. Lupton, J.E. Huston, K.S. Rhee, B.F. Craddock, W. Polk, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2002. Effects of production systems and coats on performance, mohair growth and quality, and carcass traits on Angora male kids. Proc. Scientific Conf. on Goats. Prairie View, TX:141-156. Kom, S.E., N.C. Beckford, and J.M. Dzakuma. 2003. Effect of breed type and feed level on production efficiency in meat goats. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (Suppl. 1): 329. Kott, R. W., P. G. Hatfield, J. W. Bergman, C. R. Flynn, H. Van Wagoner, and J. A. Boles. 2003. Feedlot performance, carcass composition, and muscle and fat CLA concentrations of lambs fed diets supplemented with safflower seeds. Small Rum. Res.49:11. Laughlin, A.M., D.F. Waldron, B.F. Craddock, G.R. Engdahl, R.K. Dusek, J.E. Huston, C.J. Lupton, D.N. Ueckert, T.L. Shay, and N.E. Cockett. 2002. Use of DNA markers to determine paternity in a multiple-sire mating flock. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 18:14-17. Lawler, T. L., J. B. Taylor, J. W. Finley, and J. S. Caton. 2004. Effect of high selenium feeds on performance, carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, and selenium accumulation in finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. 82:1488-1493. Long, M. T.T. Ross, T.S. Edrington, J.D. Thomas, and K.L. Christensen. 2003. Incidence of E.coli 0157:h7 contamination in fecal, wool, and carcass samples from feedlot lambs. Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 54:46-48. Lupton, C.J. 2003. 2002 report on OFDA2000 usage in Texas. Ann. Rep. Amer. Sheep Indus. Assoc. 2/26/03. Lupton, C.J. and R.E. Pope. 2003. Performance of two OFDA2000 instruments. Ann. Rep. Amer. Sheep Indus. Assoc. 2/26/03. Lupton, C.J., D.F. Waldron, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2003. Interrelationships of traits measured on fine-wool rams. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 18:1-7. Lupton, C.J., J.W. Walker, B.S. Engdahl, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2003. Prediction of wool base, vegetable matter base, fiber diameter, and prickle factor of greasy wool with near-infrared spectroscopy. Cashmirror. 14,10:28-29. Lupton, C.J., J.W. Walker, B.S. Engdahl, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2003. Prediction of wool base, vegetable matter base, fiber diameter, and prickle factor of greasy wool with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). J. Anim. Sci. 81, Suppl. 1:350. Lupton, C.J., J.W. Walker, B.S. Engdahl, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2003. Prediction of greasy wool characteristics using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Western Coord. Comm. 39 Ann. Rep. Hettinger, ND:25-26. Pfeiffer, F.A., C.J. Lupton, and A.A. Simpson. 2003. Field versus lab measurements for four important wool traits. J. Anim. Sci. 81, Suppl. 1:350. Rhee, K.S., C.J. Lupton, Y.A. Ziprin, and K.C. Rhee. 2003. Carcass traits of Rambouillet and Merino x Rambouillet lambs and fatty acid profiles of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues as affected by new sheep production system. Meat Science. 65:693-699. Rhee, K.S., C.J. Lupton, Y.A. Ziprin, and K.C. Rhee. 2003. Effects of sheep production systems on oxidative storage stability of lean lamb patties. Meat Science. 65:701-706. Schauer, C.S., K.K Sedivec, T.C. Faller, J.D. Dahl, D.M. Stecher, S. Kronberg, P.E. Nyren, J. Olson, and S. Sabin. 2004. Effects of multi-species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland using twice-over rotation and season-long grazing treatments: Eight-year summary. Western Dakota Sheep and Beef Day. 45:30-36. Schauer, C.S., K.K. Sedivec, T.C. Faller, J.D. Dahl, S. Kronberg, D.M. Stecher, P.E. Nyren, J. Olson, and S. Sabin. 2004. Multi-species grazing and single species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland: Eight-year summary. Western Dakota Sheep and Beef Day. 45:22-29. Schultz, C.L., T.T. Ross and M.W. Salisbury. 2003. Effects of supplementing ewes with d-"-tocopherol on serum and colostrum immunoglobulin G titers and preweaning lamb performance. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 18:96-100. Seefeldt, S. S. and S. D. McCoy. 2003. Measuring plant diversity in the tall threetip sagebrush steppe: Influence of previous grazing management practices. Environmental Management. 32:234-245. Spezzano, T. M. H. B. Goosey, P. G. Hatfield, S. L. Blodgett, S. D. Cash, P. M. Denke, R. W. Kott, A. W. Lenssen, and C. B. Marlow. 2003. Managing Insect Pest Damage to Wheat and Alfalfa by Integrating Sheep into Crop Production. Proc. Montana Livestock Nutr. Conf. 52: Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2003. Angora goat performance test report. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2003-3. Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2003. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance tested and progeny-tested breeding animal. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2003-1. Whitworth, W.R., C.B. Scott, J.W. Walker, C.A. Taylor, Jr., B.S. Engdahl, and C.J. Lupton. 2003. Sources of variation for fecal NIRS equations for predicting percent juniper in goat diets. Soc. Range Manage. 56th Ann. Mtg. Abstracts. Vol. 56:317.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 07/22/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/16/2005 - 05/17/2005
Period the Report Covers: 05/01/2004 - 05/01/2005

Participants

Participants at the 2005 Meeting

Angelo State University
Mike Salisbury
ASU Station # 10888
San Angelo, TX 76909
325-942-2027
325-942-2183 FAX
mike.salisbury@angelo.edu

Colorado State University (report only)
Steve LeValley
Department of Animal Science
Fort Collins, CO 80523
970/491-1321
970/491-5326 FAX
Steve.Levalley@ColoState.edu

Montana State University
Patrick Hatfield
Department of Animal and Range Sciences
PO Box 172900
Bozeman, MT 59717-2900
406-994-7952
406/994-5589 FAX
hatfield@montana.edu

New Mexico State University
Tim Ross
Department of Animal and Range Sciences
Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003
505/646-3402
505/646-5441 FAX
tross@nmsu.edu

North Dakota State University
Tim Faller
Hettinger Research Extension Center
PO Box 1377
Hettinger, ND 58639-1377
701/567-4323
701/567-4327 FAX
timothy.faller@ndsu.nodak.edu

Oregon State University
Howard Meyer
Department of Animal Science
112 Withycombe Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-6702
541/737-1912
541/737-4174 FAX
Howard.H.Meyer@oregonstate.edu

Prairie View A&M University (host institution)
Jackson M. Dzakuma
Cooperative Agriculture Research Center
PO Box 4079
Prairie View, TX 77446-4097
936/857-3916
936/857-4519 FAX
jackson_dzakuma@pvamu.edu

Texas A&M University (co-host institution)
Christopher J. Lupton
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
7887 US HWY 87 N
San Angelo, TX 76901-9714
325/653-4576
325/653-4364 FAX
c-lupton@tamu.edu

Shawn Ramsey
Department of Animal Science
2471 TAMU
College Station, TX 77843-2471
979/845-7616
979/845-3294 FAX
sramsey@tamu.edu

John W. Walker
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
7887 US HWY 87 N
San Angelo, TX 76901-9714
325/653-4576
325/653-4364 FAX
jw-walker@tamu.edu

Erika Campbell
Texas A&M University Agricultural Research Station-Sonora
P.O. Box 918
Sonora, TX 76950
325/387-3168
ejcampbell@ag.tamu.edu

B. Frank Craddock
Texas Cooperative Extension
7887 US HWY 87 N
San Angelo, TX 76901-9714
325/653-4576
325/653-4364 FAX
b-craddock@tamu.edu

Faron A. Pfeiffer
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
7887 US HWY 87 N
San Angelo, TX 76901-9714
325/653-4576
325/653-4364 FAX
f-pfeiffer@tamu.edu

Travis Whitney
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
7887 US HWY 87 N
San Angelo, TX 76901-9714
325/653-4576
325/653-4364 FAX
trwhitney@ag.tamu.edu

University of Idaho
Richard Battaglia
Animal and Vet Science Department
Agriculture Science Building, Rm. 213
Moscow, ID 83844-2330
208/885-6345
208/885-6420 FAX
dickb@uidaho.edu

University of Wyoming
Robert H. Stobart
Animal Science
Dept 3684
1000 E University Ave
Laramie, WY 82071
307/766-5212
307/766-2355 FAX
BStobart@uwyo.edu

USDA-CSREES
Larry Miller
3442 Waterfront Centre
800 9th St SW
Washington, DC 20250
202/401-6848
202/401-1602 FAX
lmiller@csrees.usda.gov

USDA-Agricultural Research Service
J. Bret Taylor
US Sheep Experiment Station
HC 62 Box 2010
Dubois, ID 83423
208/374-5306
208/374-5582 FAX
btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov

Utah State University
C. Kim Chapman
Utah State University Extension
Richfield, Utah 84701-2158
435/893-0474
kimc@ext.usu.edu

Brief Summary of Minutes

MINUTES
WESTERN EXTENSION, RESEARCH, AND ACADEMIC
COORDINATING COMMITTEE 039 (WERA 039)
MAY 16 - 17, 2005

Chairperson Bret Taylor called the WERA 039 meeting to order at 12:30 P.M., May 16, 2005 at the La Quinta Inn, Houston, Texas.

Those in attendance were: Dick Battaglia (Administrative Advisor; University of Idaho), Kim Chapman (Utah State University), Erika Campbell (Texas A&M University), Frank Craddock (Texas A&M University), Jackson Dzakuma (Prairie View A&M University), Tim Faller (North Dakota State University), Pat Hatfield (Montana State University), Chris Lupton (Texas A&M University), Howard Meyer (Oregon State University), Larry Miller (Program Leader; USDA-CSREES), Faron Pfeiffer (Texas A&M University), Shawn Ramsey (Texas A&M University), Tim Ross (New Mexico State University), Mike Salisbury (Angelo State University), Bob Stobart (University of Wyoming), Bret Taylor (USDA-ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station), John Walker (Texas A&M University), and Travis Whitney (Texas A&M University).

The tentative agenda was modified slightly and then approved by general consent.

Minutes from the previous meeting (May 17 18, 2004) were accepted by general consent.

Chairman Taylor called on Larry Miller to make his presentation on behalf of USDA-CSREES. Dr. Millers presentation is included in the 2005 WERA 039 Proceedings booklet (pp 3-5). To the great disappointment of the group, Larry announced his intention to retire in 2006.

Reports were presented from Montana State University, North Dakota State University (Tim Faller also announced his intention to retire before the next WERA 039 meeting), Texas A&M University (new program in nutrition research by Travis Whitney), the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, New Mexico State University, Angelo State University, Utah State University, and Prairie View A&M University. Summaries of all these reports (except Whitneys) are contained in the 2005 WERA 039 Proceedings booklet. Chairman Taylor called a recess at 5:45 P.M.

7:00 A.M., 5-17-05. The group departed from the La Quinta Inn in Houston heading to Prairie View A&M University. Upon arrival, delegates were provided with a nice continental breakfast organized by Dr. Dzakuma.

Chairman Taylor called the business meeting to order at 8:15 A.M. and called on our Administrative Advisor to make his comments. Dr. Battaglia discussed the new WERA 039 petition and indicated a few areas that required changing before it would be acceptable to the Western Directors. The modified petition should be submitted before June 15, 2005. He also stressed the importance for each participant to file an Appendix E form so that they can be officially listed as members of the new WERA 039 coordinating committee. He also discussed the necessity for the group to write concise impact statements on a regular basis. These should address the five CSREES goals listed in Dr. Millers presentation (slide 14) as well as our own WERA 039 objectives.

Next, Dr. Alfred Parkes (Director, Prairie View A&M University Experiment Station) officially welcomed the group to the Prairie View campus.
Chairman Taylor discussed the possibility of inviting (paid) speakers to future meetings. Locations considered were Denver, Rapid City, and San Angelo. Tim Faller moved that the 2006 meeting be held in Denver, CO. Motion died for lack of second. On behalf of Angelo State University, Mike Salisbury formally invited the group to meet in San Angelo in 2006. Mike Salisbury entered the invitation as a motion and Shawn Ramsey seconded. The group accepted by general consent. Meeting dates will be May 15 and 16, 2006. Following a report from the nomination committee (Tim Faller, Howard Meyer, Shawn Ramsey), Chris Lupton and Mike Salisbury were appointed Chairman and Secretary, respectively, of WERA 039 by general consent.

Dr. Miller encouraged those present to assist Harvey Blackburn and Mike Brown (National Animal Germplasm Program) by volunteering to collect blood samples from sheep and goats for this conservation program.

Chairman Taylor called on the following institutions to make the remaining reports: Oregon State University, University of Wyoming, and Texas A&M University (Frank Craddock).

At this point, Dr. Linda Williams-Willis, Interim Dean and Administrator, Prairie View A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, welcomed the group to the campus.

Reports resumed from Oregon State University, Texas A&M University (John Walker, Erika Campbell and Chris Lupton), University of Wyoming, and Texas A&M University (Shawn Ramsey). Following this final report, the meeting was adjourned by Chairman Taylor at 12:25 PM and the group enjoyed a very nice lunch organized by Dr. Dzakuma.

After lunch, Dr. Dzakuma led on informative tour of the Prairie View A&M University animal and laboratory facilities. Subsequently, Dr. Ramsey toured the group through the Texas A&M University Animal Science Teaching, Research and Extension Center in College Station.

This tour concluded at 5:30 P.M.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments and Impacts For Objective 1, descriptions of potential impacts and applications were presented addressing sheep grazing in dryland grain production systems and their effects on control of wheat stem sawfly, biomass and weed density, and soil bulk density and soil nutrients. (Montana State University). The Montana Sheep Institute (Montana State University) submitted a report summarizing the impact of sheep grazing on leafy spurge for 2003 and 2004. A nine-year summary was presented on the effects of multi-species grazing of leafy spurge infested rangeland using twice-over rotation and season long grazing treatments (North Dakota State University). Short-duration intensive sheep grazing resulted in an immediate and high utilization of leafy spurge (USDA-ARS-USSES). Pre-weaning exposure of lambs to false brome greatly increased their short-term propensity to eat the plant (Oregon State University). In a selective breeding program with goats, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of their fecal material was used to measure the consumption of the toxic shrub juniper (Texas A&M University). For Objective 2, descriptions of potential impacts and applications were presented (written report only, Colorado State University) addressing the effects of husbandry and management practices on the incidence of pathogens in live lambs and on the incidence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni/coli on lamb carcasses at six lamb packing plants. Range raised Suffolk X Whiteface lamb crosses were reported to be 8.5% heavier at weaning than whiteface lambs (New Mexico State University). A trial was initiated (Oregon State University) to examine breeding and management practices that will contribute to systems of profitable reduced input sheep production. Three breeds of goat were evaluated for their natural resistance/tolerance to/of endoparasites (Prairie View A&M University). Sheep and goat extension programs in two states were reviewed (Texas A&M University and Utah State University). Young rams from a summer performance test were evaluated in terms of their breeding capacity and the performance of their lambs through feeding and processing (University of Wyoming). In addition radio frequency ear tags were evaluated for their ability to retain identification of lambs from feeding through processing. For Objective 3, one report summarized the relationships between the quantity of hair at birth of fine-wool lambs and fiber diameter and staple length at weaning (Angelo State University) and two reports described how near-infrared spectroscopy is being utilized to develop faster and potentially less expensive test methods for characterizing animal fibers (Texas A&M University and University of Wyoming).

Publications

2004 / 2005 PUBLICATIONS Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.I. O'Rourke, G.S. Lewis, J.R. Logan, J.V. Duncan and G.E. Moss. 2005. The occurrence of scrapie resistance genotypes in five breeds of sheep and production traits of ewes associated with those genotypes. J. Animal Sci. 83:455-459. Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.I. O'Rourke, W.J. Means, D.C. Rule and G.E. Moss. 2004. Effect of selecting for scrapie resistance at condon 171 on ram performance and carcass quality. Proc. West. Section ASAS 55:151-153. Alexander, B.M., R.H. Stobart, W.C. Russell, K.I. O'Rourke, W.J. Means, D.C. Rule and G.E. Moss. 2004. Effect of selecting for scrapie resistance at codon 171 on ram performance and carcass quality. J. Animal Sci. 82 (Suppl. 2): 13 (#22). Beckford, N.C., J.M. Dzakuma, E. Risch, and L.C. Nuti. 2004. Genotype x environmental interactions in goats. Southern Section. Abstracts. Tulsa, OK. February 14-18, 2004: 28. Bisson, M.G., C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., and R.A. Moen. 2001. Activated charcoal and experience affect intake of juniper by goats. Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management. 54:274-278. Boles, J. A., R. W. Kott, and P. G. Hatfield. 200_. Supplemental safflower oil affects initial color and fatty acid profile of lamb. J. Anim. Sci. (in press). Borg, R.C., D.R. Notter, R.W. Kott, and L.A. Kuehn. 2004. Developing breeding objectives for Targhee sheep. J Anim. Sci. Vol. 82 (Suppl. 1):390. Campbell, E.S., and C.A. Jr. Taylor. Gland development and monoterpene content of redberry juniper following fire. Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management. (submitted). Campbell, E.S., C.J. Lupton, C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., D.F. Waldron, and J.W. Walker. 2005. The use of fecal NIRS as a tool to identify levels of consumption of the toxic shrub juniper in a selective breeding program. 2005. ISOPP7, Logan, Utah. Chapman, C.K., and C. R. Reid. 2004. Sheep and Goats: Ecological Tools for the 21st Century. Utah State University Extension Electronic Publication. Available: http://extension.usu.edu/files/factsheets/Sheep%20and%20Goats.pdf . Danson, W.T, C.B. Scott, E.S. Campbell, C.A. Taylor, Jr., M.A. Can', and T.R. Callaway. 2005. Rumen function and the ability of goats to consume redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchottii). ISOPP7, Logan, Utah. Davis, E.E., C.J. Lupton, O. Capps, D.P. Anderson, and S.D. Hager. 2004. Determining price differences among different classes of wool from the U.S. and Australia. Final Report to the American Sheep Industry Association, July. Dzakuma, J.M. 2004. Goats: Genetics and Breeding. Encyclopedia Ani. Sci. Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp 486-488. Dzakuma, J.M., and B.M. Johnson. 2004. Goats: Breeds. Encyclopedia Ani. Sci. Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp 489-491. Dzakuma, J.M., E. Risch, C.O. Smith, and H.D. Blackburn. 2004. Level of feed intake on performance of two genotypes. So. African J. Anim. Sci. 34 (Suppl. 1): 38- 41. Ellis, C.R., R.E. Jones, C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., J.W. Walker, and D.F. Waldron. 2004. Sire influence on juniper consumption by goats Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management. (in press). Fackrell, B.B. 2005. Effects of genotype, nutrition and progesterone on uterine efficiency in the ewe. M.S. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Flaherty, C. Environment and grain growers friend: Sheep offer more than warm fuzzy 2004. www. Montana,edu/commserv/csnews. Agweek, Billings Gazette, Great Falls TributeCascade Courier, Stillwater county news, Daniels County leader, Laurel Outlook, Billings Outpost. Flaherty, C. Environment and grain growers friend: sheep. 2005 MSU new service. Flaherty, C., Sheep find their own Home on the Range. Using sheep in fallow grain fields may help cut herbicide, fuel use. 2004 Bozeman, Daily Chronical. Goosey, H. B., P. G. Hatfield, A. W. Lenssen, S. L. Blodgett, and R. W. Kott. 200_.The Potential Role of Sheep in Dryland Grain Production Systems. Agric., Ecosystems & Envir. Small Rum. Res. (in press). Goosey, H. B., P. G. Hatfield, S. L. Blodgett, and S. D. Cash. 2004. Evaluation of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Densities and Regrowth Characteristics of Alfalfa Grazed by Sheep in Winter and Spring. J. of Entomol. Sci. 39:598-610. Goosey, H. G., P. G. Hatfield, S. L. Blodgett, S. Dennis Cash1, J. Helle, and T. Helle. 2004. Evaluation of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Densities and Regrowth Characteristics of Alfalfa Grazed by Sheep in Winter and Spring. Proc. Montana Livestock Nutr. Conf. 53:___. Hager, S.D. 2004. Determining price differences among different classes of wool from the U.S. and Australia. M.S. Thesis. Dept. Agric. Eco. Texas A&M University. Hatfield, P. 2004. Grain fallow management: comparing sheep grazing with mechanical and chemical fallow management. Montana Woolgrower Bulletin. Fall 2004 Page 20. Hatfield, P. Bug Beaters. 2004 Page 11 Simply sustainable: People and projects sustaining western agriculture. Hatfield, P. G., A. W. Lenssen, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 200_. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: II Impact on changes in biomass and weed frequency. Small Rum. Res. (in press). Hatfield, P. G., H. B. Goosey, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 200_. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: III Impact on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles. Small Rum. Res. (in press). Hatfield, P. G., S. L. Blodgett, T. M. Spezzano, H. B. Goosey, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 200_ Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: I Impact on over-wintering larva populations of Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cintus Norton, (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) (in press). Hatfield, P., H. Goosey, S. Blodgett, and R. Kott. 2005. Montana State University Research update. 2005. 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