NCR193: Plant Health: Managing Insects and Diseases of Landscape Plants

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/09/2003] [05/17/2005] [01/30/2006] [12/15/2006]

Date of Annual Report: 12/09/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/08/2003 - 09/09/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 12/01/2003

Participants

See meeting minutes.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

At the 2003 NCR-193 meeting, state reports by plant pathologists were alternated with reports by entomologists, which stimulated interdisciplinary discussion, and illustrated topics where collaboration among plant pathologists and entomologists will be essential to solving plant health challenges in ornamental landscapes and urban forests. Coordination of research objectives to address these knowledge gaps was discussed, as were collaborative, interstate projects, including development of a multi-state, interdisciplinary research proposal that was subsequently submitted to USDA NCR IPM program on 17 October 2003 to USDA NCR-IPM Program: Induction of systemic resistance to diseases and insects in woody plants by soil amendment with select composts and microorganisms. $100,000. Adams, G.C. (Michigan State University), D.A. Herms (Ohio State University/OARDC), P. Bonello (Ohio State University), R. Hammerschmidt (Michigan State University), R.E. Shutzki (Michigan State University). USDA NCR-IPM Program. Members provided updates on the status of surveys, research, and outreach projects for the following invasive insects and pathogens: Gypsy moth in Indiana, Illinois, New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Viburnum leaf beetle in New York and Ohio. Emerald ash borer in Michigan and Ohio. Hemlock woolly adelgid in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Elongate Hemlock scale in Pennsylvania. Asian longhorn beetle in Illinois and New York. European pine shoot beetle in Illinois. Asian ambrosia beetles in Illinois. Sudden oak death in Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan, and Washington. Powdery mildew and anthracnose of dogwood in Michigan and Kentucky. Sphaeropsis tip blight in Michigan. A final draft of the North Central Regional publication IPM of Midwest Landscapes was distributed and reviewed. The manual, was produced with multi-state cooperation, including chapters authored by six members of NCR-193 and edited by Vera Krischik, University of Minnesota. The manual will go to press in late 2003 or early 2004, and orders for purchase of the manual are currently being solicited through the office of Dr. Susan T. Ratcliffe, North Central IPM Facilitator, University of Illinois. Progress on the following on-going inter-state NCR-193 research collaborations was reported: Host plant resistance of ash to emerald ash borer, Ohio State University (Dan Herms and Enrico Bonello) and Michigan State University (Dave Smitley). Conservation biological control of pine needle scale, Purdue University (Cliff Sadof) and University of Illinois (Larry Hanks). DNA identification of the Sphaeropsis tip blight pathogen, Michigan State University (Gerry Adams), University of Kentucky (John Hartman), and Ohio State University (Enrico Bonello). Extraction and identification of bacterial leaf scorch, University of Kentucky (John Hartman) and Rutgers University (Ann Gould). Isolation of 20 Cytospora canker isolates. Colorado State University (Bill Jacobi) and University of Kentucky (John Hartman). Molecular probes and evaluation of resistance of Douglas-fir to needlecast diseases. Washington State University (Gary Chastanager) and Michigan State University (Gerry Adams). On the second day of the meeting, two programs were organized for attendees including a field trip to Willoway Nursery in Avon Ohio, and an eriophyid mite workshop conducted at OARDC. The field trip to Willoway Nursery, the largest nursery in Ohio, was organized by Harry Hoitink, and focused on nursery operations, their IPM program, and plant pathology research projects being conducted on site. The eriodphyid mite workshop was conducted by Dr. Rayanne Lehman, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, who is a world authority on the group. The hands-on workshop focused on the identification, diagnosis, and management of this difficult group of nursery and landscape pests. Most NCR-193 entomologists remained in Wooster following the meeting (September 10-12) to participate in the associated Woostock research conference on Ecology and Management of Arthropod Pests of Woody Ornamental Plants (organized by Dave Shetlar and Dan Herms, Ohio State University). The conference included invited and submitted papers, as well as a field trip to Michigan on September 11 to tour the emerald ash borer infestation and research projects. Goals for 2004 include continuation of ongoing collaborative inter-state projects currently underway, as well as development of grant proposals for new inter-state projects discussed at the 2003 meeting, including projects including emerald ash borer and sudden oak death.

Publications

Adams GC. 2003. Beech Bark Disease in Michigan: Mapping the occurrence and spread of an invasive exotic disease, Pgs 19-20. In: Nursery and Landscape Research Projects and Educational Programs 2003. Michigan State University Extension. 58 pgs. Adams GC. 2003. Pathogens in ponds and recirculated irrigation systems in Michigan nurseries: the Phytophthora water molds, Pgs 15-16. In: Nursery and Landscape Research Projects and Educational Programs 2003. Michigan State University Extension. 58 pgs. Adams GC. 2003. Protecting Michigan forests from the introduction of Sudden Oak Wilt, Pgs 21-22. In: Nursery and Landscape Research Projects and Educational Programs 2003. Michigan State University Extension. 58 pgs. Ambruzs, B., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. Leaf spot and melting out of turfgrass. SUL-13, ISU Extension, 4 pp. Blodgett, J. T., P. Bonello, and G. R. Stanosz. 2003. An effective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea from asymptomatic pines. Forest Pathology 33, 395-404. Blodgett, J.T., and P. Bonello. 2003. The aggressiveness of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Austrian pine varies with isolate group and site of infection. Forest Pathology 33:15-19. Blodgett, J.T., P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2003. Fertilization decreases resistance of red pine to the Sphaeropsis canker pathogen. Phytopathology 93 (6 Supplement):S9. Bonello, P. 2003. Current perspectives on honeylocust knot. The Buckeye, May 2003:32-35. Bonello, P., M. Bellizzi, and H.A.J. Hoitink. 2003. Update on honeylocust knot. Wooster, OH: Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Special Circular 189: 69-72. Brazee, R.D., R.C. Derksen, C.R. Krause, K.A. Williams, D. Lohnes, M.G. Klein, M. Reding, R. Lyons, W. Hendricks, R. Zondag, R.D. Fox, and D.A. Herms. 2003. The USDA / Agricultural Research Service Research Weather Network in Lake County, Ohio 2002 Update. In: J.A. Chatfield, J.F. Boggs, E.A. Draper, and P.J. Bennett, eds. Ornamental Plants: Annual Reports and Research Reviews 2002, pp. 145-148. OARDC / OSU Extension Special Circular 189, 172 pp. Changa C.M., Wang, P, Watson, M.E., Hoitink, H.A.J. and Michel, Jr. 2003. Assessment of the reliability of a commercial maturity test kit for composted manures. Compost Sci.& Util. 11:125-143. Cloyd, R. A., and C. S. Sadof 2003. Seasonal abundance and the use of an action threshold for western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in a cut carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus L. greenhouse. HortTechnology 13:497-500. Cranshaw, W.S. 2003. Managing Houseplant Pests. Colorado State Extension Fact Sheet 5.595. (www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05595.html) Cranshaw, W.S. and D.A. Leatherman. 2003. Ips Beetles. Colorado State Extension Fact Sheet 5.558. (www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05558.html) Edmunds, B.A., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. First report of petiole rot of Pulmonaria longifolia caused by Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii. Plant Disease 87:15. Edmunds, B.A., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii in Iowa. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-1201-01-RS. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/2003/overwinter Edmunds, B.A., Flynn, P.F., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. Hosta takeover: A plant disease management case study. Plant Health Instructor: Accepted. Edmunds, B.A., Gleason, M.L., and Wegulo, S.N. 2003. Resistance of hosta cultivars to Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii crown rot. HortTechnology 13:302-305. Edmunds, B.E., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii in Iowa. Phytopathology (Abstract) 93:S22-23. Edmunds, B.E., Gleason, K.I., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. First report of Pulmonaria longifolia and Astilbe arndsii as hosts of Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii. Phytopathology (Abstract) 93:S23. Flowers, J., J. Hartman, and L. Vaillancourt. 2003. Detection of Latent Sphaeropsis sapinea Infections in Austrian Pine Tissues Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytopathology 93:1471-1477. Gill, S.A., R.Reeser, M.Raupp, J. Lutz, P. Shrewsbury, and S. Klick. 2003. Taking control. American Nurseryman. 209:30-33. Gleason, M.L. 2003. Whats in a name? Convoluted common names for hosta diseases. HostaScience 2:32-35. Gleason, M.L., and Helland, S.J. 2003. Botrytis. Pp. 144-148 in: Encyclopedia of Rose Science, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K. Glynn, C., D.A. Herms, M. Egawa, R. Hansen, and W.J. Mattson. 2003. Effects of nutrient availability on dry matter allocation, and constitutive and induced insect resistance of poplar. Oikos 101:385-397. Hale, F. A. and J. F. Grant. 2003. SP609. Insect Defoliators of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. The University of Tennessee, Agricultural Extension Service. Held, D.W. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Characteristics of rose cultivars, Rosa spp., that affect susceptibility to the Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Econ. Entomol. In Press. Held, D.W. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Characterizing toxicity of Pelargonum spp. and two other reputedly toxic plant species to Japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Environ. Entomol. 32: 873-880. Held, D.W. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Floral affinity and consequences of flower-feeding and diet mixing by the Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Oecologia. Submitted, In Revision. Held, D.W., P. Gonsiska, and D.A. Potter. 2003. Evaluating Companion Planting and Non-host Masking Odors for Protecting Roses from the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 81-87. Herms, D.A. 2003. A biological calendar for predicting pest activity: six years of plant and insect phenology in Secrest Arboretum. In: J.A. Chatfield, J.F. Boggs, E.A. Draper, and P.J. Bennett, eds. Ornamental Plants: Annual Reports and Research Reviews 2002, pp. 40-49. OARDC / OSU Extension Special Circular 189, 172 pp. Herms, D.A. 2003. Assessing options for managing gypsy moth. Pesticide Outlook 14(1):14-18. Herms, D.A. 2003. Biology and management of bronze birch borer. Arborist News 12(3):13-15. Herms, D.A. 2003. Research update: management of black vine weevil in nurseries. The Buckeye (publication of Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association). May 2003, pp. 18-23. Herms, D.A. 2003. Understanding the biology and management of wood-borers. Part I: Flatheaded borers. Tree Care Industry 19(4):8-17. Herms, D.A. 2003. Understanding the biology and management of wood-borers. Part II: Clearwing and roundheaded borers. Tree Care Industry 19(5):28-39. Herms, D.A. 2003. Weighing in on scale: biology and management of magnolia scales. Magnolia, The Journal of the Magnolia Society 38(3):25-29. Hoitink, H.A.J., Musselman, C.A., Moore, T.L. ,Horst. L.E.,Krause, C.R., Zondag, R.A. and Mathers, H. 2003. Biological suppression of foliar diseases of foliar diseases of ornamental plants with composted manures, biosolids, and Trichoderma hamatum 382. Ornamental Plants. Annual Reports and Research Reviews 2002. Jan. 2003. Special Research Circular 189. OARDC/OSU.p 50-56. Hoitink, H.A.J., Nameth, S.T. and J.C.Locke. 2003. Control of Phytophthora and other major diseases of ericaceous plants. The Buckeye. Educational Update. June, 2003. p1-8. Koehler, K.A., Edmunds, B.E., Gleason, M.L., and Wegulo, S.N. 2003. Testing an oxalic acid screening method for evaluating resistance of hosta (Hosta spp.) to Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii. Phytopathology (Abstract) 93:S46-47. Krause, M.E., De Ceuster, T.J.J., Tiquia, S.M., Michel Jr., F.C. and Hoitink, H.A.J. 2003. Isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria from composts that suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of raddish. Phytopathology 93:1292-1300. Kreuger, B. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Does Early-Season Defoliation of Crabapple (Malus sp.) by Eastern Tent Caterpillar Induce Resistance to Japanese Beetles? Kreuger, B. and D.A. Potter. J. Entomol. Sci. 38: 457-467. LaForest, J.H., P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2003. Effect of soil type and management on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Betula papyrifera. Phytopathology 93 (6 Supplement):S48. Leeson, T.M. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) literature having potential relevance to managing Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, pp. 120-125, In: Powell, D.G., A. Troppman, and T. Tobin (eds.). Proc. 1st Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Univ. KY, Lexington. SR-2003-1. Lspez, R. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Biodiversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in golf course and lawn turf habitats in Kentucky. Sociobiology 42: 701-714. Ma, R., P. Bonello, and D. F. Cipollini. 2003. Systemic expression of defense responses in Austrian pines induced by Sphaeropsis sapinea. Phytopathology 93 (6 Supplement):S55. Martin, A., C. Sadof, P. Pecknold, L. Bode and S. Pearson 2003. Category 3a Ornamental Pest Control Indiana Commercial Pesticide Application Training Manual. Purdue Coop. Ext. Serv. Bull. PPP-3a. 60, pp. Parry, D., D.A. Herms, and W.J. Mattson. 2003. Responses of an insect folivore and its parasitoids to defoliation-induced changes in aspen during a multi-year, experimental outbreak. Ecology. 84(7):1768-1783. Potter, D.A. 2003. Managing insect pests of sport fields: Problems and prospects. Acta Horticulturae. In Press. Raupp, M.J. and P. S. Shrewsbury. In press. Landscape ornamentals. In: Encyclopedia of Pest Management. (ed. D. Pimentel). Dekker Publishing. Raupp, M.J. and P.M. Shrewsbury. 2003. The balance of nature unbalanced: CSI for EAB. Arborist News. 12:27-29. Raupp, M.J., I. Mars, and G. d‘Eustachio. In press. Integrated approaches for managing the boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank). Acta Horticulturae. Raupp, M.J., R. Webb, A. Szczepaneic, D. Booth, and R. Ahern. In press. Incidence, abundance, and severity of mites on hemlocks following applications of imidacloprid. J. Arboric. Rebek, E. J. and C. S. Sadof 2003. Effects of Pesticide Applications on the Euonymus Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and Its Parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) J. Econ. Entomol. 96:446-452. Rogers, M.E. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Biology and conservation of Tiphia wasps, parasitoids of turf-infesting white grubs. Acta Horticulturae In Press. Rogers, M.E. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Biology of Tiphia pygidialis (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), a parasitoid of masked chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs, with notes on the seasonal occurrence of Tiphia vernalis in Kentucky. Environ. Entomol. Submitted, In Review. Rogers, M.E. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Potential for sugar sprays and flowering plants to increase parasitism of white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). Environ. Entomol. In Press. Rogers, M.E. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Behavior of the parasitic wasps Tiphia pygidialis and Tiphia vernalis in response to their respective white grub hosts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. In Press. Rogers, M.E. and D.A. Potter. 2003. Effects of spring imidacloprid application for white grub control on parasitism of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). J. Econ. Entomol. In Press. Rogers, M.E., T. Cole, S. Ramaswamy, and D.A. Potter. 2003. Behavioral changes in Japanese beetle and masked chafer grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) following parasitism by Tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). Environ. Entomol. 32: 618-625. Sadof, C. S., J. Neal, and R. A. Cloyd. 2003. Effect of variegation on phloem composition of Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) and life history characteristics of Planococcus citri (Risso). Environ. Entomol. 32:463-469. Stephens, M., D.W. Held, L.H. Townsend, C. Prater, and D.A. Potter. 2003. Timing of emergence of eastern tent caterpillars and management with reduced risk insecticides and treatment strategies, pp. 92-96, In: Powell, D.G., A. Troppman, and T. Tobin (eds.). Proc. 1st Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, Univ. KY, Lexington. SR-2003-1. Webb, R.A., J.R. Frank, and M.J. Raupp. 2003. Recovery of eastern hemlock from attack by hemlock woolly adelgid following treatment with imidacloprid. J. Arboric. 29: 298-302. Weston, P. A. and E. R. Hoebeke. 2003. Spread of an introduced leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni, in the northeast U.S. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105(4): 889-895.

Impact Statements

Our meetings promote awareness of regional and inter-regional arthropod and disease pest problems and research efforts to understand their potential impact and develop mitigation tactics and strategies. Particular focus on exotic pests such as emerald ash borer, Asian longhorned beetle, dogwood anthracnose, and sudden oak death has resulted in timely research and outreach programs for these invasive species.
Our meetings have fostered communication and facilitated interactions of entomologists and phytopathologists throughout the country. The email list server, "Ornaent," that promotes sharing of questions and answers among subscribers is maintained at Colorado State University, and is a direct outcome of NCR-193 interactions.
Collaboration of members will soon result in publication of "IPM of Midwest Landscapes," a comprehensive field guide to managing arthropod pests that threaten the health and esthetics of woody plants. Interstate and interdisciplinary grant proposals have been developed by committee members.
Committee members have collaborated to develop annual, Plant Health Care (PHC) workshops and other inter-state outreach programs for green industry professionals. Information exchange at this venue and at our annual meeting enhance each of our outreach programs.
Planning within our group contributes to individual program definition, coordination of research objectives, and minimizes duplication of effort and sharpens our critical thinking about priority research and technology issues.

Date of Annual Report: 05/17/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/26/2004 - 09/27/2004
Period the Report Covers: 09/01/2003 - 09/01/2004

Participants

Cloyd, Raymond - University of Illinois;
Gould, Ann - Rutgers University;
Williamson, Chris - University of Wisconsin;
Chastagner, Gary - Washington State University;
Green, James - USDA-CSREES, Washington, DC;
Hale, Frank - University of Tennessee;
Hartman, John - University of Kentucky;
Gleason, Mark - Iowa State University;
Walla, James - North Dakota State University;
Ash, Cindy - USDA Forest Service, Portsmouth, New Hampshire;
Rebek, Eric - Michigan State University;
Weston, Paul - Cornell University;
Herms, Dan - Ohio State University;

Brief Summary of Minutes

James Green provided an update from CSREES, indicating forecasts for levels of various USDA grants programs including SARE, NRI, and Water Quality. The possibility of obtaining funding for a proposed National Elm Trial through a Special Research Grant from the National Arboretum was discussed.

Dan Herms discussed highlights of the state report for Ohio. Seven counties on northern Ohio reported infestations of emerald ash borer, and 40,000 ash trees were removed in Ohio in 2004. In Columbus, the presence of 12 infested trees gave rise to eradication of 11,000 ash. A large resistance screening trial for ash cultivars and species began in Ohio in 2003, with many additional cultivars and species being added in 2004. After the second season of screening (2004), Montana ash hdisplayed highest resistance, followed by Autmn Purple white ash. Autumn Blaze white ash was highly susceptible, and . Northern Treasure (a hybird cultivar) had the same susceptibility as green ash cultivars (i.e., susceptible). Dan did not think stress was a factor in ash
performance in this trial, since trees seemed to be attacked about equally.

Dan also reported on results of a trial evaluating birch species for resistance to bronze birch borer. Results indicated that native birch have some resistance, whereas exotic species do not. Unexpectedly, fertilized birches were attacked more heavily than non-fertilized controls, and there was a trend toward greater attacks on irrigated than non-irrigated birches. The conclusion was that, if you want a birch to die from this borer, fertilize it, especially for European birch (exotic) rather than paper birch (native species).

Dan also reported on results of a field trial evaluating the growth regulator paclobutrazol on paper birch and pines. The chemical greatly reduced tree growth, but had no effect on insect or disease resistance in challenge bioassays. However, it does seem to suppress apple scab on crabapples.

Dan announced that Michigan State has a PowerPoint presentation on emerald ash borer, intended for Master Gardener education. The file is on the MSU Extension website.

Bill Jacobi presented the Colorado State University report. He reported results of attempts to isolate the Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, from Scolytid beetles; there were no positives for the fungus after plating about 200 beetles. Isolations were made on a medium including malt extract and elm sawdust; this medium allowed characteristic coremia of the DED fungus to develop in 4 days.

Bill discussed attempts to attract funding for the proposed National Elm Trial. Possible funding sources he mentioned included the Schmidt Family Fund, the Morton Arboretum, the National Arboretum, and the Morth Central IPM Center. It was tentatively agreed that several members of NCR-193 would participate in the trial, if funds for obtaining trees could be obtained. (NOTE: the National Elm Trial got underway at 19 sites throughout the U.S. in spring 2005. Fourteen DED-resistant elm species and hybrids are under trial, with several additional species to be added in 2006. Trees costs were borne by J. Frank Schmidt Inc., Boring, Oregon. THIS TRIAL IS A CLEAR EXAMPLE OF NATIONAL-SCALE RESEARCH FOSTERED BY THE NCR-193 COMMITTEE.)

Bill also presented findings of his study on impact of water potential on health of old growth cottonwoods, and MGCL2 (used for dust control on raods)impacts on roadside vegetation.

Chris Williamson from University of Wisconsin reported that he has developed a tutorial for emerald ash borer (EAB) that is available from UW Extension on compact disk; the CD also includes a poster on EAB. Chris also reported on field trials evaluating Golden Pest Spray Oil (GPSO, whihc is primarily soybean oil, for gypsy moth control by smothering of egg masses. GPSO, applied 1:1 with water, killed 96% of gypsy moth egg masses ,regardless of application timing.

Eric Rebek, Michigan State University, provided an in-depth update on the EAB situation in Michigan. In the Mi quarantine areas for EAB, no insecticide sprays are being recommended because the ash tree will be removed anyway. If outside the detection area, insecticide sprays are still not recommended for ash, because EAB is probably not there. In the "general infestation" areas of SE Michigan, however, insecticide sprays can help. Among the recommended insecticides are imidacloprid, bidrin, Onyx, and Tempo. In Windsor, Canada, across from Detroit, the Canadian government has removed ashes in a 10-mile swatch adjoining the U.S. border to block EAB spread. In Michigan, ash removal is being pursued aggressively in the quarantine area, but movement of EAB in firewood appears to be the biggest source of pest spread beyond the area. Current MI law indicates that it is illegal to move ANY firewood of ANY tree species from the quarantined area. Current MI plans call for creating of a 6-mile-wide "ash reduction zone," with intensive ash removals inside the quatantine zone and extensive monitoring just outside the zone borders. Every township in the Lower Peninsula of Mi has 72 ash trees per county designated as sentinel trees, examined regularly for EAB and EAB damage. Observations appear indicate that blue ash has more EAB resistance than green or white ash.

Cindy Ash, USDA-Forest Service State and Private Forestry, reported on sudden oak death (SOD) monitoring in New England in 2004. She indicated that Ralph Zingaro, a private consultant in horticulture who has been involved in SOD surveys in NH, NY, and PA, has been a source of highly questionable "positives" for SOD that were not corroboated by intensive follow-up sampling efforts.

Ann Gould, Rutgers University, reported that 420 trees in Union and Middlesex Counties, New Jersey, tested positive for Asian longhorned beetle. Eradication efforts are underway.

Ann has established that as many as 35% of red and pin oaks in some New Jersey towns are infected with the bacterial leaf scorch (BLS) pathogen, Xylella fastidiosa. An ongoing research project aims at indentifying insect vectors of BLS in New Jersey, tracking progress of the disease in several NJ communities, estimating the economic costs of the disease to these communities, and devising cost-effective remedial practices. PCR is being used to detect the BLS pathogen in captured insects that are potential vectors.

Gary Chastagner reported on several research projects from Washington State. One of these projects evaluated effectiveness of 20 fungicides for controlling Phytophthora ramorum on Douglas fir seedlings. Post-bud break applications of several contact fungicides (e.g., Dithane, Gavel, Maneb, Polyram) gave 100% control. Pre-bud break drenching with Subdue MAXX also gave 100% control.

Additional research projects reported on by Gary included: control of Swiss needlecast disease in forest plantations by aerial applications of elemental sulfur; fungicide efficacy against Rhabdocline needlecast on Douglas fir Christmas trees; population biology of the fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum; effectiveness of stump removal in reducing Annosus root rot in Christmas tree plantations; identification of Christmas trees with superior needle retention (part of a national and international evaluation effort); fungicide efficacy for control of leaf spot on bulbous iris; and evaluation of fungicides for control of tulip fire (Botrytis tulipae) and blue mold on tulips.

John Hartman from University of Kentucky reported on results of an extensive 2004 survey for presence of Phytophthora ramorum in Kentucky; results indicated that the pathogen was apparently absent from Kentucky nurseries. John also reported prelimianry results of an evaluation of Cambistat treatments for BLS, pine tip blight, and dogwood powdery mildew. Evidence so far indicates that Cambistat improves tree health and reduces the effects of plant diseases. Effects may not appear until the year after treatment, but impact may last for up to 3 years.

Mark Gleason, from Iowa State University, reported on progress toward identifying the pathogen causing a recently appearing disease of Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata). Inoculation trials in a greenhouse fulfilled Koch's postulates, and genetic and morphological evidence indicated that the pathogen was a Cercospora sp. fungus.

Cliff Sadof of Purdue reported on experiences in Indiana with outbreaks of EAB in the NE corner of the state. A poster educating the public about EAB is available on the web at: www.entm.purdue.edu/EAB.

Ray Cloyd of University of Illinois reported on his recent research on use of rove beetles for biocontrol of fungus gnats in pot culture in greenhouses. He also found that diatomaceous earth significantly reduces populations of fungus gnats.

A brief busness meeting concluded the meeting. The 2005 NCR-193 meeting will take place in September at Longwood Gardens, PA. Paul Heller of Penn State will chair the 2005 meeting and will also host it in PA. The group also elected Ray Cloyd as vice-chair.

Accomplishments

Objective 1: Encourage pathologists and entomologists to interact and develop multi-disciplinary management tactics for pest control. This objective was accomplished as members delivered technical presentations at the meeting. Reports by both plant pathologists and entomologists were included from most states. Considerable interdisciplinary discussion followed each of the presentations. Discussing IPM strategies for insects and pathogens within an interdisciplinary framework generated creative suggestions and approaches, and exposed knowledge gaps. These insights were particularly valuable for situations in which insects and pathogens interact in affecting plant health; for example, bacterial leaf scorch and Dutch elm disease. Coordination within NCR-193 led to creation in 2004 of the National Elm Trial, which was planted at 19 locations nationwide in spring 2005, and will be evaluated over the next 10-15 years. Objective 2: Develop environmentally sound IPM methods, including cultural, biological, and selective chemical approaches for protecting nursery stock and landscape plants from damage by insects and diseases. The majority of the research reported at this meeting by NCR-193 members focused on this topic. Host plant resistance, biological control tactics, and inspection and integrated-control programs for recently introduced pathogens (e.g., sudden oak death, emerald ash borer, and Asian longhorned beetle) were discussed. Objective 3: Coordinate and promote new and ongoing research and technology transfer projects dealing with insects and diseases affecting landscape plants of regional interest. Interstate projects discussed at this meeting included results of national sampling for presence and distribution of the sudden oak death pathogen, and cooperation among states to slow the spread of emerald ash borer in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. Other ongoing multi-state projects discussed at the meeting included: 1) Testing plant defense theory while advancing computer-controlled nutrient delivery - Ohio, Massachusetts, Sweden 2) Effectiveness of fungicides against SOD and Swiss needlecast - Washington and Oregon 3) Ground beetle assemblages in mulched and non-mulched garden plots - Indiana and Illinois. Objective 4: Develop multi-state IPM programs to help individual states deal with diseases and insect pests on the tremendous range of plant species and cultivars available. 1) The ash cultivar evaluations in OH and MI for EAB resistance are highly relevant to this objective 2) The National Elm Trial, which was planned by NCR-193, involves most states that have NCR-193 members and will assess fitness of Dutch elm disease-resistant elms over a wide variety of climates, soil types, and pest assemblages.

Publications

Bishop, R.J., and Jacobi, W.R. 2003. Insects associated with black stain root disease centers in pinyon pine stands. Southwestern Entomologist 78:55-61. Blodgett, J.T., Bonello, P., and Herms, D.A. 2003. Fertilization decreases resistance of red pine to the Sphaeropsis canker pathogen. Phytopathology 93:S9. Chastagner, G.A., Nielsen, U.B., and Riley, K.L. 2004. Comparison of the postharvest quality of noble fir boughs from the United States and Danish provenances grown in Denmark. HortScience 39:580-583. Chastagner, G.A., Hansen, E.M., Riley, K.L., and Sutton, W. 2004. Susceptibility of conifer shoots to infection by Phytophthora ramorum. Phytopathology 94:S16. Copes, W.E., Chastagner, G.A., and Hummel, R.L. 2004. Activity of chlorine dioxide in a solution of ions and pH against Thielaviopsis basicola and Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Disease 88:188-194. Dart, N.L., Chastagner, G.A., and Peever, T.A. 2004. Population biology of Heterobasidion annosum infecting Christmas trees in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology 94:S24. Edmunds, B.A., Flynn, P.F., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. Hosta takeover: A plant disease management case study. Plant Health Instructor: (http://www.apsnet.org/education/InstructorCommunication/TeachingArticles/hosta/default.htm) Edmunds, B. A., and Gleason, M. L. 2003. Perennation of Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii in Iowa. Online. Plant Health Progress: doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-1201-01-RS. Edmunds, B.A., and Gleason, M.L. 2003. First report of petiole rot of Pulmonaria longifolia caused by Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii. Plant Disease 87:15. Edmunds, B.A., Gleason, M.L., and Wegulo, S.N. 2003. Resistance of hosta cultivars to Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii crown rot. HortTechnology 13:302-305. Glynn, C., and Herms, D.A. 2004. Local adaptation in pine needle scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae): natal and novel host quality as tests for specialization within and among red and Scots pine. Environmental Entomology 33:748-755. LaForest, J.H., Bonello, P., and Herms, D.A. 2003. Effect of soil type and management on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Betula papyrifera. Phytopathology 93:S48. Omdal, D.W., Shaw, C.G.,III, and Jacobi, W.R. 2004. Symptom expression in conifers infected with Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidion annosum. Can. J. For. Res. 34:1210.1219. Kallas, M.A., Reich, R.M., Jacobi, W.R., and Lundquist, J.E. 2003. Modleing the probability of observing Armillaria root disease in the Black Hills. Forest Pathology 33:241-252. Koski, R., and Jacobi, W.R. 2004. Tree pathogen survival in chipped wood mulch. J. Arboriculture 30:165-171. Parry, D., Herms, D.A., and Mattson, W.J. 2003. Responses of an insect folivore and its parasitoids to defoliation-induced changes in aspen during a multi-year, experimental outbreak. Ecology 84:1768-1783. Sadof, C.S. 2004. How to use Landscape IPM in your business. pp. 25-26 in V. Krischik and J. Davidson (eds.), IPM of Midwest Landscapes. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station SB-07645. Sadof, C.S. 2004. Tipd for using biological control in the landscape. p. 27 in V. Krischik and J. Davidson (eds.), IPM of Midwest Landscapes. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station SB-07645. Sadof, C.S., O'Neil, R.J., Heraux, F.M., and Wiedenmann, R.N. 2004. Reducing insecticide use in home gardens: Effects of training and volunteer research on adoption of biological control. HortTechnology 14:149-154. Wiedenmann, R.N., Sadof, C.S., and O'Neil, R.J. 2004. Ground beetle (Coleoptera:Carabidae) assemblages in mulched and non-mulched garden plots. J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 77:99-109.

Impact Statements

Our meeting fostered national-scale research collaboration, as evidenced by planning and preparation for the National Elm Trial, which got underway at 19 locations nationwide in spring 2005.
Our meetings developed regional and national awareness of the threat posed by invasive pest and disease species, especially the sudden oak death pathogen, emerald ash borer, gypsy moth, and Asian longhorned beetle. This increased awareness impacts both extension education and management-related research.
Planning for research intiatives within our group eliminates duplication among states and coordinates multi-state and cross-disciplinary (plant pathology and entomology) research.

Date of Annual Report: 01/30/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/19/2005 - 09/20/2005
Period the Report Covers: 09/01/2004 - 09/01/2005

Participants

Gary Chastagner (chastag@wsu.edu), Washington State University, PPATH;
Whitney Cranshaw (wcransha@ceres.agsci.colostate.edu), Colorado State University, ENT;
Ann Brooks Gould (gould@aesop.rutgers.edu), Rutgers, PPATH;
James L. Green (jgreen@csrees.usda.gov), USDA-CSREE, Ntl. Program Leader - Horticulture, Washington, D.C.;
John Hartman (jhartman@ca.uky.edu), University of Kentucky, PPATH;
Paul Heller (prh@psu.edu) Pennsylvania State University;
Greg Hoover (gah10@psu.edu) Pennsylvania State University;
Bill Jacobi (wjacobi@ceres.agsci.colostate.edu) Colorado State University, PPATH;
Danny Kline (dek16@psu.edu) Pennsylvania State University;
Vera Krischik (krisc001@maroon.tc.umn.edu) University of Minnesota, ENT;
Tom Payne (PayneT@missouri.edu), Administrative Advisor, University of Missouri;
Mike Raupp (mraupp@umd.edu) University of Maryland, ENT;
Cliff Sadoff (Cliff_sadof@entm.purdue.edu) Purdue, ENT;
Casey Sclar (csclar@longwoodgardens.org) - Longwood Gardens, IPM Coordinator (Invited Guest Co-Convener);
David Smitley (smitley@msu.edu) Michigan State University, ENT;
James Walla (J_walla@ndsu.nodak.edu) North Dakota State University, PPATH;
Steven Wegulo (swegulo2@unlnotes.unl.edu) University of Nebraska, PPATH;
Paul Weston (paw23@cornell.edu) Cornell, ENT

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

At the 2005 NCR-193 meeting, committee members shared state progress reports resulting in expanded discussions between entomologists, plant pathologists and USDA-CSREE personnel on multi-state landscape plant health issues including current and new emerging pathogen/insect pest problems. Members provided updates on the status of surveys, research, and outreach projects for the following invasive insects and pathogens: <ul> <li>Asian longhorn beetle in New York and Pennsylvania <li>Bacterial leaf scorch in New Jersey <li>Bamboo tiger longhorn beetle in New York <li>Elongate hemlock scale in Maryland and Pennsylvania. <li>Emerald ash borer in New York, Michigan, and Indiana <li>Hemlock woolly adelgid in New York, Maryland, and Pennsylvania <li>Gypsy moth in New York <li>Pine shoot beetle in New York, Minnesota, and Washington <li>Sirex noctillo F. in New York <li>Sphaeropsis tip blight in Kansas (reported via Colorado State Universitys Pine Injection Research Project) <li>Sudden oak death in Kentucky and comments provided by Dr. Green (USDA-CSREE) including Sudden Oak Death Poster (a.k.a. Ramorum Blight) and http://www.ncipmc.org/suddenoakdeath <li>Viburnum leaf beetle in New York </ul> Progress on the following on-going inter-state NCR-193 research collaborations was reported:<ul> <li>Dogwoods and powdery mildew evaluations, University of Kentucky (John Hartman) <li>Forest and nursery surveys for Phytophothora ramorum in Kentucky, University of Kentucky (Patricia de Sá, John Hartman, Joe Collins, Carl Harper, Bernadette Amsden, Cline Gouwie, Nathan Jennings, David Begley) <li>Manipulating the abundance of natural enemies in ornamental landscapes with floral resource plants, Purdue (Cliff Sadoff) and University of Illinois (Lawrence M. Hanks) <li>Management of elongate hemlock scale on urban forest trees and Christmas tree plantation Fraser fir and Canaan fir, Longwood Gardens (Casey Sclar), Penn State (Paul Heller), and University of Maryland (Mike Raupp). <li>National Elm Trial, Colorado State University (Bill Jacobi), Michigan State (Gerry Adams), Iowa State University (Mark Gleason), Purdue (Cliff Sadoff), Ohio State University (David Sydnor), Washington State University (Gary Chastagner), University of California-Davis (Greg McPherson), Utah State University (Roger Kjelgren), North Dakota State University (Jim Walla, Dale Herman), West Virginia University (John Brooks), Cornell (Chris Cash), Rutgers (Ann Gould), University of Kentucky (John Hartman), and University of Vermont (Mark Starrett) <li>Sphaeropsis tip blight pathogen injection studies, Colorado State University (Ned Tisserat) and Kansas State University (Randy James, M.S. graduate student). <li>Survey of visual dieback of ash trees from emerald ash borer and management studies, Michigan State (David Smitley) <li>Teams of plant pathologists and entomologists have been working to identify the insects responsible for vectoring the disease and the strains of Xylella fastidiosa responsible for bacterial leaf scorch disease, University of Kentucky (John Hartman) and Rutgers University (Ann Gould)</ul> Progress on evaluations of conventional, biorational and alternative management strategies for landscape diseases and insect pests, plus the impact of pesticides on natural enemies, was shared with committee members. Results can be utilized by landscapers, growers, nurseryman, extension educators, homeowners, Master Gardeners and green industry IPM practitioners. Very few multi-state research projects include summaries and discussions on the significance of applied research studies. These studies included:<ul> <li>Assessment of Cabistat" to prevent bacterial leaf scorch, pine tip blight, and dogwood powdery mildew on woody landscape pests, University of Kentucky (Patricia de Sá, John Hartman, Joe Collins, Carl Harper, Bernadette Amsden, Cline Gouwie, Nathan Jennings, David Begley) <li>Biorational management of cottonwood leaf beetle to conserve beneficial coccinellids, University of Minnesota (Vera Krischik) <li>Effects of altering plant management practices to prevent insect pest outbreaks, University of Maryland (Paul Shrewsbury) <li>Efficacy trials to determine suppression of spruce ips beetle, poplar twiggall fly, honeylocust spider mite, root aphids, hawthorn mealybug, cranberry erineum mite, and rough bulletgall wasp on landscape ornamentals, Colorado State University (Whitney Cranshaw, Andrea Sever, Matt Camper) <li>Elongate hemlock scale suppression studies, Longwood Gardens (Casey Sclar), Penn State (Paul Heller), and University of Maryland (Mike Raupp) <li>Emerald ash borer trunk injection efficacy tests, Michigan State University (McCullough, Smitley, Polandt, and Cappaert) <li>Establishment of a two year evaluation of trunk applied fungicides to prevent Oak Bacterial Leaf Scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) on urban forest oaks, University of Kentucky (John Hartman, Ed Dixon, Bernadette Amsden, Shawn Bernick)) <li>Evaluation of trunk injections to prevent pine wilt on Scots pine and Spaheropsis tip blight on Austrian pines, Colorado State University (Ned Tisserat) <li>Field and bulb storage disease studies to evaluate formulations of fungicides, Washington State University (Gary Chastagner) <li>Forest tent caterpillar efficacy studies with acetamiprid, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, and Bacillus thuringiensis, Cornell University (Paul Weston) <li>Fungicide evaluations to suppress entomosporium leaf and berry spot on juneberry, North Dakota State University (Jim Walla) <li>Impact of imidacloprid on Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) mortality, University of Minnesota (Vera Krischik) <li>Rhabdocline needle cast fungicide efficacy trials on Douglas-fir Christmas trees, Washington State University (Gary Chastagner) <li>Viburnum leaf beetle larval suppression with acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and biorational formulations, Cornell University (Paul Weston)</ul> Dr. Green (USDA-CSREE) provided the committee with information on establishment of a new extension web site titled New Technologies for Ag Extension. Gary Chastagner updated committee members on a new web site with information addressing the handling and care of cut Christmas trees (Hinesley, L.R. and G.A Chastagner. 2005. Christmas tree keepability. In: Gross, Kenneth, C. Y. Wang, and M. Saltveit (eds.). The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florists and Nursery Crops. An Adobe acrobat .pdf of a draft version of the forthcoming revision to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 66 on the web site of the U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville http://www.ba.ars.usda.gov/hb66/index.html). Cliff Sadoff previewed a video tape titled The Little Green Menace in Indiana. It is a valuable educational tool for viewing by Indiana stakeholders regarding emerald ash borer. The video can be purchased by calling 1-800-nonexotic.

Publications

Chastagner, G.A. 2005. New options for managing some common diseases on ornamental bulb crops. P. 63-65. Proceedings of the 95th Annual Western Washington Horticultural Association Conventional & Trade Show, January 11, 2005, SeaTac, WA. Chastagner, G.A. and P. Kaufmann. 2005. Efficacy of fungicides in controlling leaf spot on bulbous iris. Acta Horticulturae 673: 509-511. Chastagner, G.A. and J. Puffer. 2005. Noble fir stump removal. Amer. Christmas Tree J. 48 (5): 20-222. Chastagner, G.A. and K.L. Riley. 2005. Sensitivity of pathogen inocula to chlorine dioxide gas. Acta Horticulturae 673: 355-359. Chastagner, G.A., E.M. Hansen, K.L. Riley, and W. Sutton. 2005. Susceptibility of confer shoots to infection by Phytophthora ramorum. Page 25, Proceedings of Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium, Monetery, CA, January 18-21, 2005. Chastagner, G.A., E.M. Hansen, K.L. Riley, and W. Sutton. 2005. Effectiveness of fungicides in protecting Douglas-fir shoots from infection by Phytophthora ramorum. Page 44, Proceedings of Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium, Monetery, CA, January 18-21, 2005. Chastagner, G.A., N. Osterbaurer, and J. Falacy. 2005. Phytophthora ramorum surveys in Pacific Northwest Christmas Tree and bough production areas. International Forestry Review 7 (5): 258-259. Cranshaw, W. 2004. Garden Insects of North America. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ. 656 pp. Cranshaw, W. 2004. Insect management recommendations for turf and ornamentals. Colorado State University Bulletin XCM-38. 116 pp. Cranshaw, W. 2004. Miller moths. Colorado State Extension Fact Sheet 5.597. (www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05600.html) Cranshaw, W. 2005. Nuisance wasps and bees (major revision). Colorado State Extension Fact Sheet 5.525. (www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05525.html). Cranshaw, W. 2005. Poplar twiggal fly affects aspen. American Nurseryman. V. 201 (4): 8. Cranshaw, W. and R. Wilson. 2004. Fleas and plague. Colorado State Extension Fact Sheet 5.6000. (www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05997.html). Cranshaw, W., D. Leatherman, W. Jacobi, and L. Mannix. 2004. Insects and Disease of Woody Plants of the Central Rockies (2004 Revision). Colorado State University Bulletin 506A. 292 pp. Dai, W., C. Johnson, V. Jacques, and J.A. Walla. 2004. Agrobacterium-mediated transformations of chokecherry (Prunus viginiana L.). HortScience 39:755 (Abstract) Dart, N., G.A. Chastagner, and R. Peever. 2005 CSI Annosus root rot update. Christmas Tree Outlook 38 (1): 12-13. Heller, P.R., R. Walker, R. Lehman, and J. Witmer. 2004. Management of cryptomeria scale on Fraser fir Christmas Trees. Arthropod Management Tests, V. 28, G 36. Heller, P.R. and D. Kline. 2005. Management study to suppress elongate hemlock scale with single applications of ultra-fine oil, Distance, and M-Pede on Canaan fir Christmas trees, 2003. Arthropod Management Tests, V. 29, G23. Heller, P.R. and D. Kline. 2005. Multiple application management study to suppress elongate hemlock scale with acephate and dimethoate on Fraser fir Christmas trees, 2003. Arthropod Management Tests, V. 29, G30. Hinesley, L.E. and G.A. Chastagner. 2004. Tree care tips. Amer. Christmas Tree J. 48 (5): 20-22. Kearns, H.S.J. and W.R. Jacobi. 2005. Impacts of black stain root disease in recently formed mortality centers in the piHon-juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado. Can. J. For. Res. 35:461-471. Kearns, H.S.J., W.R. Jacobi, and D.W. Johnson. 2005. Persistence of pinon pine snags and logs in Southwestern Colorado. Western J. of Applied Forestry. Accepted. Koski. R. and W.R. Jacobi. 2994. Tree pathogen survival in chipped wood mulch. J. Arboriculture 30: 165-171. Nielsen, U.B. and G.A. Chastagner. 2005. Genetic variation in post harvest needle retention among Nordmann fir families and grafted clones. Scand. J. For. Res. 20 (4): 304-312. DOI: 10.1090/02827580510008365. Nielsen, U.B. and G.A. Chastagner. 2005. Variation in post harvest quality among Nordmann fir provenances. HortScience 40 (3): 553-557. Okubo, H. and W.B. Miller, and G.A. Chastagner (Editors). 2005. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Flower Bulbs. Acta Horticulturae No. 673, 780p. Omdal, D.W. C.G. Shaw III., and W.R. Jacobi. 2004. Symptom expression in conifers infected with Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidioin annosum. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 1210-1219. Rebek, E. J., C.S. Sadof, and L.M. Hanks. 2005. Manipulating the abundance of natural enemies with floral resource plants. Biol. Control. 33: 203-216. Sadoff, C.S. and R.N. Snyder. 2005. Seasonal phenology of parasitoids of mimosa webworm on honeylocust. Environ. Entomology 34: 70-75. Song, X., J.A. Walla, G.J.Xu, G. Liu, and J. Chen. 2004. Comparative studies on the morphology of Sphaeropsis sapinea spores and mycelia. Forest Pest and Disease. July, 2004: 5-9. (In Chinese, English abstract data) Song, X., J.A. Walla, G.J.Xu, J. Chen, and C. Zhao. 2005. Comparative studies on the growth of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates. Forest Pest and Disease 2005 (2):3-7. (In Chinese, English abstract and data) Walla, J.A., Z.M. Cheng, Y Guo, M.J. Knudson, and W. Dai. 2005. Monitoring for X-disease tolerance in chokeberry (Prunus virginiana). Phytopathology 95: S108 (Abstr.) Walla, J.A. 2005. Cedar-apple rusts (Gymnosporangium diseases). Tree Talk (Newsletter) 1 (3): 6-11. Walla, J.A. 2004. Field trials to evaluate for X-disease tolerance in chokeberries. 2003/2004 Northland News: 6-7. Zeleznik, J.D., J.A. Walla, J.J. Knodel, J. Kangas, and P. Glogoza. 2005. Insect and disease management guide for woody plants in North Dakota. Revised. NDSU Extension Service F-1192 (In Press)

Impact Statements

Our meetings allow IPM specialists on insects and diseases of ornamental plants to meet and discuss new research findings, technologies, and problems from a regional and national perspective. As a result of these interchanges, participating scientists have achieved more rapid solutions and responses to problems for state stakeholders/growers, and duplication of research effort has been avoided.
Our meetings advocate awareness of invasive and exotic pathogens and pests associated with landscape ornamentals and trees across the US including Asian longhorned beetle, bacterial leaf scorch, bamboo tiger longhorn beetle, elongate hemlock scale, emerald ash borer, hemlock woolly adelgid, gypsy moth, pine shoot beetle, Sirex noctillo, Sphaeropsis tip blight, sudden oak death, and viburnum leaf beetle.
Our meetings provide valuable data on the effectiveness of management strategies which is critical to the successful suppression of landscape pathogens/pests, especially since the Food Quality Protection Acts reassessment policy has resulted in significant reductions of registered control measures. Likewise results from the latter studies prevent applications of ineffective products.
Our meetings have advanced the National Elm Trial Study. In 2005 a replicated study of elm cultivars was established in15 sites from California to New Jersey.
Our meetings continue to foster the benefits of web based Ornaent (maintained at Colorado State University). Ornaent has demonstrated the strength of web based communication by providing opportunities to immediately discuss landscape insect and disease problems, control actions, and online resources.
Planning activities by our group results in coordination of research objectives which minimizes duplication of effort and assist in defining research priorities, technology issues, and new chemistries to manage landscape diseases and insects.
Numerous comprehensive guides and resource books have been written with cooperation of committee members which have provided valuable information to a wide array of multistate stakeholders, allowing them to remain current on pathogens and insect pests associated with the landscape environment.

Date of Annual Report: 12/15/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/24/2006 - 09/25/2006
Period the Report Covers: 09/01/2005 - 10/01/2006

Participants

Cindy Ash (USDA Forest Service);
Gary Chastagner (Washington State University);
Christian Bart Drees (Texas A&M University);
Jody Fetzer (Brooklyn Botanical Garden);
Frank Hale (University of Tennessee);
John Hartman (University of Kentucky);
Dan Herms (Ohio State University);
Greg Hoover (Pennsylvania State University);
Bill Jacobi (Colorado State University);
Megan Kennelly (Kansas State University);
Vera Krischik (University of Minnesota);
Gary Moorman (Pennsylvania State University);
Casey Sclar (Longwood Gardens);
Dave Smitley (Michigan State University);
Jim Walla (North Dakota State University);
Paul Weston (Cornell University) (chair);
Chris Williamson (University of Wisconsin)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Agenda:
The meeting was called to order at 9:00 a.m., Sunday, September 24, by Paul Weston, chair. Minutes of the 2005 meeting were approved. Revision of the NCR-193 proposal that was rejected in July dominated discussion for the remainder of the scheduled time on Sunday, finishing at 5:00 p.m. Because so much of the meeting was devoted to the proposal revision, state reports were briefer than in years past in order to allow all reports to be presented. A special session was held on Sunday evening from 8:00-9:00 to make up for time lost to the proposal revision process. Jim Walla and Bill Jacobi presented their reports on Sunday evening. The meeting resumed Monday morning at 9:00. We then heard state reports from Chris Williamson, John Hartman, Dave Smitley, Bart Drees, Dan Herms, Gary Chastanger, Casey Sclar, Megan Kennelly, Paul Weston, Vera Krischik, and Frank Hale. Jim Walla presented a proposal to sponsor a firewood symposium to draw attention to the risk of spreading exotic invasive tree pests via interstate movement of firewood. Most in attendance agreed that this would be a worthwhile activity, and suggested that Jim investigate the logistics of such an undertaking. The meeting adjourned at 3:00 p.m.

Summary of Business Meeting:
1. Membership: The current membership list was reviewed and revised by members in attendance. A number of names of new potential members were suggested.
2. Exotic Pests Subcommittee: Members provided updates on the status of exotic pest invasions, surveys, research, and outreach projects for the following invasive insects and pathogens:
" Gypsy moth in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Ohio.
" Viburnum leaf beetle in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
" Emerald ash borer in Michigan and Ohio.
" Hemlock woolly adelgid in New York, Ohio, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.
" Elongate Hemlock scale in Delaware and Pennsylvania.
" Asian longhorned beetle in New York.
" Sudden oak death in Kentucky and Washington.

4. Inter-Regional and Interdisciplinary Projects:
Progress on the following on-going inter-state NCR-193 research collaborations was reported:
" Host plant resistance of ash to emerald ash borer, Ohio State University (Dan Herms and Enrico Bonello) and Michigan State University (Dave Smitley).
" National Elm Trial. Led by Colorado State University (Bill Jacobi), including cooperators from Iowa State University (Mark Gleason), University of Kentucky (John Hartman), Michigan State University (Gerry Adams), University of Minnesota (Vera Krischik), Purdue University (Cliff Sadof), North Dakota State University (Jim Walla), Rutgers University (Ann Brooks-Gould and Jim Lashomb), and Washington State University (Gary Chastanger).

5. Meeting Site and Date: By vote, it was agreed that the next meeting should take place in Denver, CO, at a site and date (September-October, 2007) to be arranged.
6. Chair for the 2007 meeting: Chris Williamson, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin. Chris also volunteers to take responsibility for making the final edits to the revised proposal and submitting the proposal to the Administrative Advisor.

Accomplishments

Grants (*indicates joint project with other NCR-193 members) Bonello, P. Identification of Signaling Molecules in the Systemic Induced Resistance Phenomenon in Austrian pine. Tree Fund, John Z. Duling Grant: $7,500. 2006-07 Bonello, P. Effects of Soil Type, Cultural Practices, and Mycorrhizal Inoculations on Native Mycorrhizae, Carbon Allocation, and Stress Tolerance in Paper Birch. Tree Fund, John Z. Duling Grant: $7,500. 2006-07. Bonello, P. Bark application of fungicides for control of sycamore anthracnose using Pentrabark as an adjuvant. Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements. $4,000. Contract. 2005-06. *Bonello, P., D.A. Herms, and D.F. Cipollini. Chemical ecology of host-mediated systemic interactions between pathogens and insects in Austrian pine over a fertility gradient. USDA/NRICGP: $382,000. 2004-07. Bonello, P. Detection of Phytophthora ramorum in mid-western forests: a large scale survey. USDA Forest Service Cooperative Agreement: $209,603. 2004-09. *Bonello, P., D.A. Herms, R. Hansen and D.F. Cipollini. Mechanisms and outcomes of host-mediated systemic interactions between pathogens and insects in Austrian pine over a nutrient gradient. OARDC/RECGP Interdisciplinary Team Grant: $99,988. 2004-06. *Bonello, P. D.A. Herms, and T. R. Gordon. Proposal to evaluate effects of Cambistat (paclobutrazol) on resistance and resistance mechanisms of oaks to Phytophthora ramorum and Monterey pine to Fusarium circinatum. Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements: $16,655. 2003-06 *Bonello, P. and D.A. Herms. Effects of soil type, cultural practices, and mycorrhizal inoculation on native mycorrhizae, carbon allocation, stress tolerance, and insect resistance in paper birch. ONLA (Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association): $20,000. 2006-06. Dai, W. D., J. D. Zeleznik, and J. A.Walla. A genetic engineering approach to solve chlorosis problems of trees. Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research: $20,000. 2005-2006. Hatterman-Valenti and J.A. Walla. Funding agency: State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE): $8,800. 2005-2006. *Herms, D. A., P. Bonello, and D. Cipollini. Mechanisms of inter- and intra-specific variation in resistance of ash to emerald ash borer. USDA APHIS Emerald Ash Borer Research Initiative: $164,450. 2006-2008. Herms, D.A. An Integrated EAB Outreach Campaign for Policy Makers, Property Owners, Land Managers, General Public, and the Green Industry. USDA APHIS: $89,986. 2006 *Herms, D.A., P. Bonello, and R. Taylor. Emerald ash borer: host / interactions and flight physiology. Joint Venture Agreement, USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station: $234,963. 2005-2007. Jacobi, W. R. Effects of chloride salts on roadside vegetation and water. Larimer County, CO. 2004-07. Smallidge, P. J., P. A. Weston, and S. L. Childs. Controlling forest tent caterpillar in limited acreage maple-producing woodlots. NYS Integrated Pest Management Program: $3,350. 2006. Weston, P. A. and V. Nuzzo. Impact of viburnum leaf beetle invasion on arrowwood viburnum and associated native plant communities. NYS Biodiversity Research Institute: $27,600. 2006-07. Weston, P. A. Integrated control of viburnum leaf beetle with minimally toxic methods. NYS Integrated Pest Management Program: $6,000. 2006. Weston, P. A. Resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid among non-indigenous Tsuga populations. US Forest Service: $32,669. 2005-08. Weston, L. A., A. F. Senesac, and P. A. Weston. Identification, utilization, and maintenance of vegetative weed suppressive ground covers for use in medians and around guiderails along New York highways. NYS Department of Transportation: $200,000. 2005-07. Williamson, R. C. Emerald Ash Borer: Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey. United States Dept. Agric., Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine: $10,000. 2006. Williamson, R. C. Emerald Ash Borer Visual Survey. Wisconsin Department of Agricultural Trade and Consumer Protection: $10,000. 2005. Other joint projects National Elm Trial Coordination. Cooperative project to establish a nationwide elm performance trial. (Leaders: Jocabi and Walla; Cooperators: Adams, Brooks-Gould, Chastanger, Gleason, Hartman, Krischik, Lashomb, and Sadof) Meetings/Workshops organized American Public Gardens Association Annual Meeting , 2006. Organizer and moderator of Sustaining Healthy Plants Through IPM Symposium (Sclar) Colorado Forest Health Discussion Group. Organized and coordinated this monthly lunch seminar and gathering of forest health professionals once a month for 25 years. (Jacobi) Coordinator for the 2006 IUFRO Rusts of Forest Trees conference in California. (Walla) Emerald ash borer. Wisconsin Turfgrass Assn. Ann. Field Day, 2006 (Williamson) Pennsylvania Floral Industry Association (Cooperative Project with Penn State Cooperative Extension and Longwood Gardens). Organizer and moderator of Mid-Atlantic Interior Landscape Conference Technician Symposium (Sclar) Emerald ash borer informational meetings (2006): Beloit, WI; Milwaukee, WI; Eau Claire, WI; Wausau, WI; Green Bay, WI; Janesville, WI (Williamson) Entomological Society of America/Eastern Branch annual meeting (2006). Co-organizer and co-moderator of Turf and Ornamentals Entomology Symposium (Weston) Insect pests of woody ornamentals. 2006 Trial Garden & Plant Health Field Day. Milwaukee, WI. (Willamson) Special training workshop with county extension horticulture agents in Kansas on Dutch Elm Disease biology and management. (Kennelly) Workshop on tree health evaluation with 20 local arborists. In collaboration with county extension personnel and Kansas State Dept of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources. (Kennelly) Videos: Diagnosing Plant Health Issues. William R. Jacobi produced and edited 5 hrs of video covering the diagnosis of plant insect and disease issues on landscape plants, agricultural crops, shade and forest trees. This is now available on a DVD for teaching and Extension use in Colorado.

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Impact Statements

Fostered communication and facilitated interactions of entomologists and phytopathologists throughout the country regarding key of awareness of regional and inter-regional arthropod and disease pest problems and research efforts to understand their potential impact and develop mitigation tactics and strategies. Particular focus on exotic pests such as emerald ash borer, Asian longhorned beetle, dogwood anthracnosepest issues. An email list server, "Ornaent," provides and promotes a platform for sharing of questions and answers among various subscribers including researchers, extension specialists, and green industry professionals. This list server is maintained at Colorado State University, and is a direct outcome of NCR-193 interactions.
Promoted of awareness of regional and inter-regional arthropod and disease pest problems and research efforts to understand their potential impact and develop mitigation tactics and strategies. Particular focus on exotic pests such as emerald ash borer, Asian longhorned beetle, dogwood anthracnose, and sudden oak death has resulted in timely research and outreach programs for these invasive species.
Collaboration of members resulted in several collaborative project among members, including the National Elm Trial and joint research projects into management of emerald ash borer.
Development of annual Plant Health Care (PHC) workshops and other inter-state educational outreach programs for green industry professionals. Information exchange at this venue and at our annual meeting enhance individual outreach programs.
Planning within our group contributed to individual program definition, coordination of research objectives, minimized duplication of effort, and sharpened our critical thinking about priority research and technology issues.