Annual/Termination Reports:

[07/31/2002] [11/04/2003] [11/19/2004] [08/14/2005] [06/14/2006]

Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

See http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for a list of attendees. Official reps were present from all states except Missouri. In addition, a significant number of graduate students from most states participated.

Brief Summary of Minutes

See http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for the full minutes.



After introdutions and committee reports, the first morning was spent in breakout sessions around an evaluation of the turf industry within the North Central Region. Each group summarize their thoughts which led to a series of conclusions on how NCR192 can better interface with industry needs. The conclusions are found in the Accomplishment and Impact sections of this report. In the afternoon, the group interacted with a groundskeeper at a local sports stadium, visited a local country club where Toro demonstrated prototypes on turf maintainence equipment, and toured the new turf reseach facility at the University of Minnesota. An evening dinner, sponsored by the Minnesota Turf and Landscape Association, provided the opportuntiy to interact with industry leaders.



Day 2 was spent discussing the mid-term review, receiving updates on regional projects, and delivering state reports.

Accomplishments

See Minutes at http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/. Half-day was devoted to self-evaluation of the turf industry and the role of NCR192. Obstacles to regional cooperation and how they could be overcome were discussed. Ways to develop mechanisms that encourage graduate students to become involved in collaborative work were explored.

Publications

Turfgrasses for the Midwest -- http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/<br /> <br><br /> <br>The Lawn Problem Solver -- http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/lawn_problem_solver<br /> <br><br /> <br>Frank, K.W., R.E. Gaussoin, J.D. Fry, M.D. Frost, and J.B. Baird. 2002. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium effects on seeded buffalograss establishment. HortScience 37: 371-373.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Fresenburg, B., B. Barrett, F. Fishel. 2003. Integrated pest management: turfgrass and insects. MU Extension IPM 1020. University of Missouri-Columbia. 20 pp.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Fresenburg, B., B. Corwin, R. Broz. 2003. Protecting water quality during lawn establishment and renovation. MU Guide EQ500. University of Missouri-Columbia. 12 pp.<br /> <br> <br /> <br>Hardebeck, G.A., Z.J. Reicher, and B.E. Branham. 2002. Use of Dazomet for annual bluegrass control in fairway renovation. 2002 Annual Meeting Abstracts [ASA/CSSA/SSSA]. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Horgan, B.P., B.E. Branham, and R.L. Mulvaney. 2002. Mass Balance of 15N Applied to Kentucky Bleugrass including Direct Measurement of Denitrification. Crop Sci. 42:1595-1601. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Horgan, B.P., B.E. Branham, and R.L. Mulvaney. 2002. Direct Measurement of Denitrification using 15N-Labeled Fertilizer Applied to Turfgrass. Crop Sci. 42:1602-1610. <br /> <br><br /> <br>Kohler, E.A. and B.E. Branham. 2002. Site of Uptake, Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Ethofumesate in Three Turfgrass Species. Weed Sci. 50:576-580.<br /> <br><br /> <br>Kohler, E. A., C. S. Throssell and Z. J. Reicher. 2,4-D rate response, absorption, and translocation of two ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) populations. Weed Technology. (accepted June 2003).<br /> <br><br /> <br>Kohler, E. A., C. S. Throssell and Z. J. Reicher. Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) populations respond differently to 2,4-D or triclopyr. Weed Technology. (accepted June 2003)<br /> <br><br /> <br>Reicher, Z. J., G. A. Hardebeck, F. A. Yelverton, N. E. Christians, B. Bingaman, and J. Turner. 2002. Tolerance to quinclorac by seedling creeping bentgrass. HortScience 37(1):210-213.<br /> <br><br /> <br>St. John, R.A., N.E. Christians, and H.G. Taber. 2003. Supplemental calcium applications to creeping bentgrass establishment on calcareous sand. Crop Sci. 43:962-967.

Impact Statements

1. Self-evaluation will provide the basis for a strong renewal request in 2005.
2. Format of the 2004 meeting will be modified to include more time to discuss 2-3 regional projects in depth, to develop more cohesive future plans, and to identify critical issues common to the north central region.
3. It was decided that the NCR192 website needs to be enhanced to facilitate easier public access to turf information.
4. Regional publications will be posted on the NCR192 website.
5. The NCR192 website and the Lawn Problem Solver will be linked.
6. A tentative format for the 2004 meeting was developed: half-day on current and future research; half-day on group projects; half-day of breakout sessions on regional projects; half-day on business issues, prepare for 2005 renewal of NCR192, and grant initiatives.

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Report Information

Participants

See http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for the full minutes.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Prior to the annual meeting, members of NCR-192 and WRCC-11 met jointly on Sunday, June 13, to discuss topics of mutual concern in the turf industry. Among those topics were water quality and quantity, turfgrass as an invasive species, GMOs, and Roundup-Ready turfgrasses. The 2004 NCR-192 meeting was called to order on Monday, June 14. The full 2004 minutes are available at http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ . Dr. Mark Ascerno, Advisor, stated that the final review of the groups mid-term report is scheduled for July. Although overall positive, the lack of joint publications remains an area of concern. Following the advisors comments, reports were presented by the respective chairpersons on the following: National Turfgrass Evaluation Program, NCR-192 website, Historians Report, Regional Project Update, and the Poa annua seedhead control project. State Reports were presented by official state representatives as well as brief reports on current research projects by PIs and graduate students. Following lunch, the entire group discussed the preparation of the NCR-192 Project Renewal proposal in 2005. Members approved the formation of three committees, each charged with preparation of a major objective. Objective #1 is to review and potentially investigate environmental impacts of turfgrass; Objective #2 is to reduce the inputs currently required in the management of turfgrass; and, Objective #3 is to develop Best Management Practices (BMP) through research and transfer results via NCR-192-developed technology, such as the NCR-192 website and the Problem Solver. The meeting concluded for the day; however, state representatives interested in participating in the next phase of the Low Input Sustainable Turf (LIST) project remained to discuss protocol for the study. In the evening, NCR-192 attendees were treated to a group night outing for a picnic and baseball at the new Haymarket Park Stadium. After the game, the group met on the playing field to inspect the turfgrass and interact with the grounds manager and crew. On Tuesday, NCR-192 attendees were invited to attend the Annual Turfgrass Science Team Field Day in Mead, NE. Group tours were available to view the University of Nebraska-Lincoln turfgrass research plots and turfgrass-related demonstrations.

Accomplishments

A joint meeting was held with WCC-011,Western Regional Turfgrass Research, to discuss and develop potential inter-regional projects for both the short-term (1 year) and long-term (3-5 years). Four possible topics were identified: turfgrass as an invasive species; water quaility and qunatity; carbon balance; and resource-sharing. <br /> <br /> Each state provided a 10 minute report describing outcomes relevant to the groups three major objectives, which are 1) Identifying grasses that perform well under reduced level of pesticides, fertilizers and water, 2) Facilitate research and extension programs among turf scientists within the region, and 3) Communicate research and extension information to other scientists, professional turf managers, and consumers in the North Central Region.. See Minutes at http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for details. <br /> <br /> NCR-192 members published five refereed articles and six abstracts in 2003. Protocol for a new regional cooperative study based on previous NCR-192 low-input sustainable turf (LIST) research was developed. Nine states are participating and have seeded 13 alternative turfgrasses in the project titled Reducing inputs to maximize environmental gains while maintaining acceptable turf quality. This study is based on outcomes from previous NCR-192 research and will provide new information about the potential of alternative grasses.<br /> <br /> Discussion and planning for the 2006 renewal of NCR-192 took place. The group approved the following general objectives and team leaders. It was agreed that the group leaders for each of the three objectives will work with Dr. Ascerno and Dr. Schleicher this fall to produce a draft of the proposal for full consideration at the 2005 meeting in South Dakota. <br /> <br /> Objective #1: Environmental Impacts, Leader: Brian Horgan. Four major concerns were identified: water quality, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), invasive species, and pesticide fate.<br /> <br /> Objective #2: Reduced Input, Leader: Shui-Zhang Fei. Areas to be addressed include: water quantity, alternative pest control, low-maintenance turf, and remote sensing development. <br /> <br /> Objective #3: Best Management Practices (BMPs), Leader: Tom Voigt. Research will address: developing BMPs, biosafety, and pesticide application timing. Outreach activities will include the NCR-192 website, and the Turfgrass Problem Solver.<br /> <br /> Access to regional turfgrass information by the public sector and educators was improved through expansion of the NCR-192 website and bringing the turfgrass Problem Solver to operational status. <br />

Publications

Dant, L.A. and N.E. Christians. 2003. Timing of roundup applications is critical when converting golf course greens and fairways to roundup ready creeping bentgrass. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> Frank, K.W., R.E. Gaussoin, T.P. Riordan, R.C. Shearman, J.D. Fry, E.D. Miltner, and P.G. Johnson. 2004. Nitrogen rate and mowing height effects on turf-type buffalograss. Crop Sci. 44:1615-1621.<br /> <br /> Howieson, M.J. and N.E. Christians. 2003. Carbohydrate metabolism of creeping bentgrass in response to deloliation. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> Kruse, J.K., N.E. Christians. and M.H. Chaplin. 2003. Remote sensing of turfgrass moisture and nutrition stress for site-specific management. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> Lee, S.K., D.D. Minner, and N.E. Christians. 2003. Evaluation of slow-release nitrogen rate and mixing depth for growth and establishment of Kentucky bluegrass. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> Li, D., D.D.Minner, and N.E.Christians. 2003. Quantitative evaluation of sand shape and roundness and their potential effect on stability of sand-based athletic fields. Acta Horticulturae. (in press)<br /> <br /> Li, D., D.D.Minner, and N.E. Christians. 2003. Evaluation of the effectiveness of core aerification and/or topdressing by computer simulation. Acta Horticulturae (in press)<br /> <br /> Li, D., M. Volterrani, S.M. Scalzi, N.E. Christians, and D.D. Minner. 2003. Thermal properties of sand-based rootzone media modified with inorganic soil amendments. Acta Horticulturae. (in press)<br /> <br /> Minner, D.D., F. Valverdi, N.E. Christians, and D. Li. 2003. Field assessment of winter injury on creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass putting greens. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> St. John, R.A., N.E. Christians, and H.G. Taber. 2003. Cation ratios and soil testing methods for sand-based golf course greens. Agron. Abst.<br /> <br /> St. John, R.A., N.E. Christians, and H.G. Taber. 2003. Supplemental calcium applications to creeping bentgrass establishment on calcareous sand. Crop Sci. 43:962-967.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. A joint meeting with WCC-011, Western Regional Turfgrass Research, resulted in possible topics for collaboration including turfgrass as an invasive species, water quality, carbon balance and resource sharing.
2. NCR-192 met in conjunction with the 28th Annual Nebraska Turfgrass Field Day and Trade Show. This provided an opportunity to communicate research and extension results to professional turf managers on sports turf management, plant and pest diagnostics, ornamental grasses, developments in buffalo grass, turfgrass fertility, aging golf greens, bentgrass cultivars, and remote sensing.
3. MI, IA, ND, IN, MO, WI, SD, MN, IL, and OH are participating in a regional cooperative research project that is evaluating low-input sustainable turfgrass to address dwindling resources and environmental concerns.
4. NCR 192 members published five refereed articles and six abstracts.
5. Nine states are involved in evaluating 13 alternative grass varieties that have the potential to reduce inputs.
6. The Turfgrass Problem Solver is now operational.

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Report Information

Participants

See http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for a full list of attendees.
Present: Mark Ascerno+, ChunZhenZhang, Shane Andersen, Shui-Zhang Fei, Rodney St.. John, Leo Schleicher*, Zac Reicher*, Matt James, David Gardner*, Ken Diesburg*, Tom Voigt, Brian Horgan*, Geunhwa Jung, Terry Riordan, John Stier*, Nick Christians*, Jack Fry*, Deying Li, Ron Smith*. + Administrative Advisor, * Official Representative


Guests: Luke Dant, Marcus Jones, Ryan Holl, Mark Howieson

Brief Summary of Minutes

See http://www.turf.uiuc.edu/NCR-192/ for the full minutes.
NCR  192 North Central Regional Turfgrass
2005 Turfgrass Meeting Minutes
South Dakota State University
Deadwood, SD
June 12-14, 2005
The meeting was called to order by Chair Leo Schleicher at 7:15 AM , June 13, 2005

Introductions:
Dr. Mark Ascerno:
Project renewal:

Regional Project Updates:



Committee Reports:
NTEP-Brian Horgan:
Tom Voigt:

Nick Christians: Historian Report.
State Reports:
Wisconsin  Geunhwa Jung & John Stier.
Kansas  Jack Fry  Rodney St.
Ohio  David Gardner 

Southern Illinois University  Ken Diesburg
Iowa  Nick Christians 
Missouri  No report

North Dakota  Ron Smith & Deying Li 
Indiana  Zac Reicher

University of Illinois - Tom Voigt 
Minnesota  Brian Horgan 
Nebraska  Terry Riordan 
South Dakota State University  Leo Schleicher

The meeting for 2006 will be June 11 to 13th, in Fargo, held at the NDSU campus.

Meeting Adjourned at 12:00 noon, June 14, 2005

Accomplishments

A key accomplishment was the development of guidelines for project renewal. John Stier led the discussion. Three objectives were identified.<br /> <br /> OBJECTIVES<br /> 1. Turf Environmental Impacts<br /> a. Water quality: WI and MN<br /> b. Genetically modified organisms: IA and IL<br /> c. Pesticide fate: MN, MD, MS, OK<br /> d. Invasive spp.: NE, WI, possibly all states<br /> <br /> 2. Reducing turfgrass inputs<br /> a. Water conservation<br /> 1) RRCB<br /> 2) Alternative turf spp. SD, ND, IA<br /> -Blue grama, buffalograss, Distichlis<br /> -NTEP low input (10 states)<br /> <br /> b. Sustainable pest management<br /> 1) Efficient control of rough bluegrass and cb in golf course turf (IN, NE, IL, MSU)<br /> <br /> c. Low input sustainable turf<br /> -LIST Study<br /> <br /> 3. Disseminate research-based information on best management practices for the North Central Region ---all states<br /> <br /> PROCEDURES: Develop Web-based outreach (e.g., Lawn Problem Solver; Revised or incorporate Turfgrasses for the Midwest; Weed ID from IL and IN; Turf ID pages from IN, OH, IA; ND and IA developed web-based core on aerification). All these should be linked to NCR website). Assist with interstate winter turf conferences, field days; train Master Gardeners, Pesticide applicator training. <br /> <br /> <br /> FIELD DAY, PAT, MASTER GARDENERS REACHED.<br /> <br /> KS 350,nd, 1000<br /> <br /> OH 250, nd, 3500<br /> <br /> IL/SIU 300, 2000, 1200<br /> <br /> IA 400,nd, 1400<br /> <br /> MO 200, nd, 400<br /> <br /> ND NA, nd, 250<br /> <br /> IN 800, nd,1500<br /> <br /> WI 400, 1500/yr,400<br /> <br /> MN 150, 1500/yr, 7500<br /> <br /> MI 750, nd, 1500<br /> <br /> NE 100, nd, 400<br /> <br /> SD NA, nd, 150<br /> <br /> *Put PAT and MG into Educational planning to provide education to urban, rural, and inner-city populations<br /> <br /> <br /> PROCEDURES & ACTIVITIES; Expected Impact by Objectives<br /> <br /> 1. Turf Environmental Impacts<br /> <br /> Impact: WI will use MN and WI research info. to develop Tech. Stnds for turf fertilization with WI DNR. N fert. recommendations will be modified to reflect inherent N contribution from turf humus.<br /> Impact: Spread of GMO-KBG (WI and IA)<br /> Impact: Develop appropriate pesticide-models for turf situations across the U.S.<br /> Impacts Invasive spp.---determine survivability and spread of turfgrasses in natural environments to justify inclusion of various species on invasive species lists<br /> <br /> 2. Reducing turfgrass inputs<br /> Impact: (Water Conservation): Poa-annua free golf turf with RRCB; development of low water use turfgrasses; Outcome of NTEP=identify cultivars ; Poa triv & cb=reduce maint cost and labor<br /> <br /> 3. BMPSs-all states: Impact: End users will have access to current BMPs and recommendations for turf mgt and pest control<br /> <br /> <br /> EDUCATIONAL PLAN - how will info. get out?<br /> <br /> 1. Master Gardener<br /> <br /> 2. Pesticide Applicator Plan<br /> <br /> 3. Cross-linking of web pages<br /> <br /> 4. Participation in each others turf conferences<br /> <br /> 5. Extension publications, joint<br /> <br /> 6. Short courses, incl. training manuals for them<br /> <br /> <br /> NCERA-192 COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS<br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE 1: Environmental turf impacts (MI; OH; MN; WI) Development of Nitrogen-credit program to reduce Nitrogen leaching in turf 5/03-4/08<br /> <br /> IA; WI Turf competitiveness of genetically-modified Kentucky bluegrass 9/03-9/05<br /> <br /> NE; WI; SD Invasiveness of Kentucky bluegrass into Natural Areas 10/06-9/09 (proposed)<br /> <br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE 2: Reduced turf inputs<br /> IL; IA; KS; OH; MN; ND; IN; SD; WI; IL Low Input Sustainable Turf 9/04-8/09<br /> <br /> IA; IN; IL Benefits of Roundup Ready Creeping Bentgrass 9/03-9/07<br /> <br /> MN; WI Low input fine fescue-colonial bentgrass fairways 8/03-7/07<br /> <br /> ND, IA Sustainable pest control 2004-2006<br /> <br /> MI; WI; IL Breeding disease-resistant creeping bentgrass (USGA sponsored) 2003 to present<br /> <br /> IL; WI Development of gray leaf spot resistance in perennial ryegrass 2004-2005<br /> <br /> IL; WI Crown rust resistance in perennial ryegrass 2004-2005<br /> <br /> OR; IA; WI; VA Mapping genes for cold hardiness 2003-2005<br /> <br /> IA; SD Collection and evaluation of native grasses for turf <br /> <br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE 3: Best Management Practices<br /> <br /> IW; IN Creeping bentgrass control in bluegrass 9/04-9/05<br /> <br /> IL; MI; NE; IN Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis) control 2005-2006<br /> <br /> MN; WI; IL Sensitivity of Kentucky bluegrass to bispyribac-sodium 2005<br /> <br /> EDUCATIONAL <br /> <br /> MN, WI Regional School of Turfgrass Management Ongoing since 2003<br /> <br /> WI, MN Water quality and nutrient fate extension publications Ongoing since 2004<br /> <br /> IN, IL IN-IL Turfgrass Short Course Ongoing since 1994<br /> <br /> All states (coordinated by IL) Turfgrasses for the Midwest website (www.turf.uiuc.edu) 2002 to present<br /> <br /> All states (coordinated by IL) The Lawn Problem Solver website (www.turf.uiuc.edu) 2003-present<br /> <br /> IN; IL Weed ID & Control website (www.turf.uiuc.edu) 2003 to present <br /> <br /> ND; IA Core aerification/topdressing computer model website<br /> http://turfgrass.hort.iastate.edu 2001 to present<br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

Deying Li, D. Minner, N. Christians, and S. Logsdon. 2005. Evaluating the Impact of Variable Root Zone Depth on the Hydraulic Properties of Sand-Based Turf Systems. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. Volume 10.<br /> <br /> Stier, John, Patti Nagai, Brian Horgan. 2005. Healthy Lawn-Healthy Environment: Understanding Phosphorus. UW Extension Fact Sheet.<br /> <br /> Li, D., D.D. Minner, and N.E. Christians. 2004. Evaluation of the effectiveness of core aerification and/or topdressing by computer simulation. Acta Horticultrae (ISHS) 661:323-332.<br /> <br /> Li, D., N.E. Christians, and D.D. Minner. 2003. Computer Models Show Whether Core and Topdressing Programs Do What Superintendents Want. Turfgrass Trend. October. P51,54,56-58.<br />

Impact Statements

1. NCERA 192 members provided research-based information to 3700 people at Field Days, 5000 people at Pesticide Applicator Training, and 19200 Master Gardeners.
2. NCERA 192 provided education to practioners. NCERA-supported websites had 5 million visitors in 2 years. There were 930 visits per day with each visit lasting an average of 10 minutes.
3. http://www.agry.purdue.edu/turf/tool/

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Report Information

Participants

See attached meeting minutes.

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached meeting minutes.

Accomplishments

Objective 1: <br /> <br /> a. MI (K. Frank), MN (B. Horgan), IL (B. Branham), and WI (J. Stier) have collected data on nutrient and/or pesticide movement from field plots in each state. Each state focuses on a different aspect of nutrient/pesticide movement. Three papers were presented at a special American Chemical Symposium/Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment symposium in Washington, D.C. in October 2005 and are being edited for publication. Two presentations were given, and abstracts published, at the American Society of Agronomy conference in Salt Lake City in October 2005. One manuscript from the Michigan study was published in Crop Science on nitrogen leaching from lawn turf. An additional manuscript from Wisconsin was submitted for publication in J. Environmental Quality on prairie and turf buffer strips ability to reduce urban runoff. <br /> b. NE (R. Gaussoin), WI (J. Stier), and CO (T. Koski) submitted a multi-state Hatch grant (Invasiveness of Amenity Turfgrasses in Natural Areas) in 2005 to investigate the invasiveness of creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass. The listings of some turfgrasses as invasive species and the development of a grant proposal were a major focus of the 2005 NCERA-192 meeting in South Dakota. Representatives from numerous states assisted with the development of the proposal; some also offered to help collect/analyze data (T. Voigt-Illinois, B. Branham-Illinois; Z. Reicher-Indiana; D. Gardner-Ohio). <br /> c. Ohio (D. Gardner) and Minnesota (B. Horgan) obtained a national competitive grant from the United States Golf Association to test the efficacy of an amino nitrate soil test for determining nitrogen requirements in turf. Other states will participate by collecting soil samples and correlating with turf growth. The study will start late 2006/early 2007.<br /> <br /> Objective 2: <br /> <br /> a. State representatives from MI, OH, IA, IN, WI, and NE collected data on genetically modified creeping bentgrass for resistance to glyphosate herbicide. Data were also collected for genetically modified Kentucky bluegrass in anticipation of future request for deregulation which will reduce mowing requirements for lawns. A manuscript is being prepared by Shui-zhang Fei (Iowa State Univ.) and John Stier (Univ. Wisconsin) on competitive spread of Roundup Resistant and gibberellic acid-limited Kentucky bluegrass<br /> b. Wisconsin (J. Stier), Minnesota (B. Horgan), and Illinois (T. Voigt) collected data on fine fescue/colonial bentgrass mixtures with a view to replacing the currently used creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass species with these lower maintenance grasses. A presentation was made, and abstract published, at the American Society of Agronomy in Salt Lake City during October 2005.<br /> c. All NCERA 192 members collected the first full years data from the Low Input Sustainable Turf (LIST) project planted in autumn 2004. The purpose of the study is to identify novel grasses that can be sustained as a lawn with no fertilization or irrigation and little if any mowing.<br /> <br /> Objective 3: <br /> <br /> a. IN (Z. Reicher), IL (B. Branham), NE (R. Gaussoin), and WI (J. Stier) are <br /> collecting data in 2006 on control of rough bluegrass using new turf herbicides (bispyribac-sodium and sulfosulfuron). <br /> b. MN (B. Horgan), IL (T. Voigt/B. Branham), and WI (J. Stier) collected data on <br /> tolerance of over 170 Kentucky bluegrass varieties used in the 2000 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program test to bispyribac-sodium herbicide. Plots were shown at field days in 2005 and information published in at least one trade journal.<br /> <br /> Plans for 2006/2007: <br /> <br /> States will begin assisting with the Ohio/Minnesota-led soil nitrate test project. A revised grant proposal on the invasiveness of turfgrasses into natural areas will be submitted for federal funding. Additional data from the pesticide/nutrient loss field projects will be presented at conferences and field days and submitted for publication in refereed and trade journals. Manuscripts will be submitted on the competitiveness of genetically modified Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue/colonial bentgrass mixtures for golf course fairways, the Low Input Sustainable Turf study, and tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass varieties to bispyribac-sodium herbicide.<br />

Publications

Refereed<br /> <br /> Branham, B.E., W. Sharp, E. A. Kohler, T. W. Fermanian, and T. B. Voigt. 2005. Selective control of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf. The Journal of the International Turf Society. 10:1164-1169.<br /> <br /> Christians, N.E. 2005. Environmentally sound turfgrass management. Korean Journal of Turfgrass Science. 19(2):177-183.<br /> <br /> Dant, L. A., N. E. Christians, and S. Fei. 2005. Timing of Roundup® Application Critical when Converting Golf Course Turf to Roundup Ready® Creeping Bentgrass. International Turfgrass Journal. 10:333-338.<br /> <br /> Giese, M.S., R.J. Keese, N.E. Christians, M. Jones, R.E. Gaussoin. 2005. Mesotrione: A potential selective post-emergence herbicide for turfgrass. International Turfgrass Journal 10::100-102 Annexe.<br /> <br /> Howieson, M.J. and N.E. Christians. 2005. Leaf blade internode lengths of eight grass species after ethephon treatment. Plant Growth Reg. Soc. of America 33(2):66-75.<br /> <br /> Jones, M. A., N. E. Christians, D. W. Weisenberger, and Z. J. Reicher. 2006. Selective Removal of Creeping Bentgrass with Sulfosulfuron. Submitted to HortScience.<br /> <br /> Kruse, J.K., N.E. Christians, M.H. Chaplin. 2006. Predicting soil moisture content through remote sensing of vegetative characteristics in turfgrass systems. (Crop Sci, accepted)<br /> <br /> Kruse, J.K., N.E. Christians, M.H. Chaplin. 2006. Remote sensing of nitrogen stress in creeping bentgrass. (Acepted)<br /> <br /> Kruse, J, N.E. Christians, and M. Chaplin. 2005. Remote Sensing of Phosphorus Deficiencies in Agrostis stolonifera. International Turfgrass Journal. 10:923-928. <br /> <br /> Li, D, D.D. Minner, N.E. Christians, and S. Logsdon. 2005. Evaluating the impact of variable root zone depth on the hydraulic properties of sand-based turf systems. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:1100-1107.<br /> <br /> Minner, D.D. and F.J. Valverde. 2005. The effect of traffic intensity and periodicity on Poa pratensis L. performance. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:387-392.<br /> <br /> Minner, D.D. and F.J. Valverde. 2005. Performance of established cool-season grass species under simulated traffic. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:393-397.<br /> <br /> Minner, D.D. and J.S. Hudson. 2005. Evaluating a reinforced natural grass/synthetic turf system. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10:398-408.<br /> <br /> Patton, A. J., Z. J. Reicher, A. J. Zuk, J. D. Fry, M. D. Richardson, and D. W. Williams. 2006. A Guide to Establishing Seeded Zoysiagrass in the Transition Zone. Submitted to Applied Turfgrass Science.<br /> <br /> Rajasekar, S., S. Fei, and N.E. Christians. 2005. Analysis of genetic diversity in colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. (Accepted, in press).<br /> <br /> Rajasekar, S., S. Fei, and N.E. Christians. 2006. Analysis of genetic diversity in rough bluegrass (poa trivialis l.) by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Crop Sci. 46:162-167.<br /> <br /> Rosen, C.J. and B.P. Horgan. 2005. Regulation of phosphorus fertilizer application to turf in Minnesota: Historical perspective and opportunities for research and education. International Turfgrass Research Journal. 10:130-135.<br /> <br /> Schleicher, Leo C. and Shane M. Andersen. 2005. Evaluation of a South Dakota buffalograss for reduced-input turf. Proc. S.D. Acad. Sci. 84:315-322.<br /> <br /> Voigt, T. B. and Z. J. Reicher. 2005. The Indiana-Illinois Turfgrass Short Course - 10 Years of Cooperative Outreach. International Turfgrass Research Journal 10:718-722.<br /> <br /> Voigt, T., D. Dinelli, B. Branham, R. Kane, and P. Vermeulen. 2005. Creeping bentgrass cultivars in the upper Midwest: Quality and rate of annual bluegrass invasion USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online . November 1. 4(21):1-7.<br /> <br /> Outreach/Extension/Popular/Trade<br /> <br /> Christians, N.E. 2006. Poa annua control on golf courses. Korean Journal of Turfgrass Science. 20(1):??.<br /> <br /> Christians, N.E. 2006. Poa annua control: Whats next?. Grounds Maint.<br /> <br /> Fermanian, T., T. Voigt, and W. Sharp. 2005. Roundup ready creeping bentgrass (RRCG) genotype screening. 2005 University of Illinois Turf and Nursery Field Day Program. University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies. Urbana, IL. Page 9.<br /> <br /> Narra, S., T. Fermanian, and T. Voigt. 2005. Use of sensing techniques in objective turf quality evaluation. 2005 University of Illinois Turf and Nursery Field Day Program. University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies. Urbana, IL. Pages 10-12.<br /> <br /> Pedersen, D. and T. Voigt. 2005. Identifying turf and grassy weeds in the northern United States. C1393. College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Extension, Urbana, IL.<br /> <br /> Voigt, T. 2005. Un-mowed rough: Research update. On Course. June 2005. 59(1):7-9, 11, 13-15.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Wisconsin Dept. Natural Resources used information from runoff and leaching studies in development of turf fertilization guidelines. The draft guidelines are posted at http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/wm/nps/stormwater/techstds.htm. The guidelines will be reviewed in 2007 prior to being officially adopted. The guidelines are meant to guide fertilization of all turf in Wisconsin (approximately 1.2 million acres). The guidelines may potentially be used by surrounding states in the region.
2. Data on field performance of Roundup resistant, genetically modified (GM) creeping bentgrass are being used by USDA-APHIS for review of deregulation of the material. Use of the GM grass is expected to decrease water and fungicide inputs on golf courses.
3. Seed production of a special variety of Chewings fescue, Longfellow II, was sold out in 2005 for the next two years as demands for this variety from golf course architects and superintendents for low input fairways have exceeded supply due to data from the study. The ASA abstract resulted in a phone call from a low input golf course being built in Russia with the architect requesting information on turf varieties to plant for the fairways.
4. The NCERA-192 LIST project stimulated a special USDA proposal Sustainable Turf Management and Water Use from Univ. Wisconsin as part of a larger Urban Horticulture proposal. The proposal was funded ($26,600) for 1 year, September 2005 to September 2006. Conventional and novel turf plots were installed in public areas in 3 Wisconsin locations for public viewing and surveying consumers preferences for lawn grasses.
5. Valent and Monsanto companies are using data for labeling and marketing the new turf herbicides Velocity and Certainty for annual and rough bluegrass control. Users will be primarily golf courses and sod growers.
6. Sod growers from the Midwest and Long Island, NY have contacted the investigators to determine if Velocity herbicide (bispyribac-sodium) can be used on their farms to control annual bluegrass (Poa annua). One acre of sod has a gross value of approximately $4,000; over 40,000 acres of sod are sold in Wisconsin alone each year and annual bluegrass infestation is one of the most important and rapidly developing problems in sod production.

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