NCR31: Ecophysiological Aspects of Forage Management

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[06/12/2003] [05/17/2004]

Date of Annual Report: 06/12/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/20/2003 - 03/21/2003
Period the Report Covers: 04/01/2002 - 03/01/2003

Participants

See screen "Brief summary of minutes".

Brief Summary of Minutes

A complete copy of the minutes from the NCR031 March 2003 meeting can be found by clicking below(old minutes attachment), or on the NCR031 Homepage on NIMSS

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

See screen "Brief summary of minutes"

Publications

Impact Statements

See screen on Brief Summary of Minutes.

Date of Annual Report: 05/17/2004

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 04/01/2004 - 04/02/2004
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 12/01/2003

Participants

Dr. Chuck West,(cwest@uark.edu) Univ.of Arkansas;
Dr. Ben Tracy, (bftracy@uiuc.edu) Univ.of Illinois;
Dr. Jeff Volenec, (jvolenec@purdue.edu)Purdue Univ;
Dr. Al Frank, (franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Lab., Mandan, ND;
Dr. Mark Sulc, (sulc.2@osu.edu) The Ohio State Univ., Columbus;
Dr. Mary Wiedenhoeft, (mwiedenh@iastate.edu)Iowa State Univ;
Dr. Brian Northup,(for S. Rao), USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK;
Dr. Vance Owens, (vance_owens@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State Univ.;
Dr. Rich Leep, (leep@msue.msu.edu) Michigan State Univ.;
Dr. Walt Schacht, (wschacht1@unl.edu) Univ.of Nebraska;
Dr. Howard Skinner, (rhs7@psu.edu) USDA-ARS, University Park,PA;
Dr. Jennifer MacAdam, (jenmac@cc.usu.edu) Utah State Univ.;
Dr. Ken Albrecht, (kalbrec@facstaff.wisc.edu) Univ.of Wisconsin;

Members Absent:
Dr. Paul Peterson, (peter072@umn.edu)Univ.of Minnesota;
Dr. Jerry Nelson, (nelsoncj@missouri.edu) Univ.; of Missouri;
Dr. Joe Moyer, (jmoyer@oznet.ksu.edu), Kansas State Univ.;

Administrative Advisor:
Dr. Gary Heichel
Univ.of Illinois;

Guest:
Dr. Paul Rasmussen, Director,AES, Utah State Univ.;

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

This Information Exchange Group (Group) will improve visibility of forage related research among funding agencies, and increase success in obtaining funds for individual and multi-location proposals. This will nucleate collaborative research in high priority areas identified in annual meetings. Inclusion of outside researchers with related interests, graduate students, and post doctoral scientists in Group activities will result in broader understanding of related research areas and improved education of young scientists. The Group will foster timely dissemination of research results through multiple outlets, and sharing of analytical protocols among members. In 2003-04, discussions, shared protocols, and collaborations increased the quality and coordination of research, which resulted in increased individual and team funding and increased efficiency of resource use for Group objectives. Sharing of research results resulted in greater breadth and depth of forage-related teaching and outreach/extension education programs. Constituent engagement led to better trained professionals, and more rapid dissemination and implementation of advances in ecophysiology related to forage management.

Publications

Broderick, G.A., K.A. Albrecht, V.N. Owens, and R.R. Smith. 2004. Genetic variation in red clover for ruminal protein degradability. Animal Feed Sci. Tech. 113:157-167. Collins, M., and V. N. Owens. 2003. Preservation of forages. p. 441-469. In. Forages: Volume I. An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture. R.F Barnes, C.J. Nelson, M. Collins and K.J. Moore, Eds. Iowa State Press/Blackwell Publishing Company, Ames, IA. 6th Ed. Mulkey, V.R. and V.N. Owens. 2003. Management of CRP grasslands for biomass energy production. In Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. Lee, S.H., J.J. Doolittle, D.K. Lee, D.D. Malo, and Owens, V.N. 2003. Soil respiration in switchgrass land managed for biomass production. In Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. Undersander, D.J., J.B. Moutray, J.L. Caddel, B.E. Anderson, J. Henning, V. N. Owens, P.R. Peterson, and J.H. Cherney. 2003. Effect of wheel traffic on alfalfa growth. In Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. Carter, C., Micijevic, A., Kephart, K.K., Gibbons, W., Boe, A., and Owens, V. N. 2003. Anatomy and lignin content of alfalfa Medicago sativa subsp. falcata. 2003 Annual mtg. Consortium for Plant Biotech. Res. Washington, DC, 26-27 Feb. 2003. Owens, V.N. and E. Omdahl. 2003. Alfalfa cultivar yield test for South Dakota: 2003 Report. Available at http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/forages/ (verified 12 January 2004). Owens, V.N. and V. Mulkey. 2003. Switchgrass harvest management in South Dakota. Renewable Energy Symposium. North Dakota Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting. Bismarck, ND. Dec. 4-5, 2003. Boe, A. 2003. Genetic and environmental effects on seed weight and seed yield in switchgrass. Crop Sci. 43:63-67. Bortnem, R., and A. Boe. 2003. Color index for red clover seed. Crop Sci. 43:2279-2283. Casler, M.D., and A. Boe. 2003. Cultivar x environment interactions in switchgrass. Crop Sci. 43:2226-2233. Gustafson, D., A. Boe, and Y. Jin. 2003. Genetic variation for Puccinia emaculata infection in switchgrass. Crop Sci. 43:755-759. Boe, A., and R. Bortnem. 2003. Development of the proaxis of switchgrass. Agronomy abstracts (CD-ROM). ASA. Madison, WI. Bortnem, R., and A. Boe. 2003. Flower-position and temporal effects on seed color in red clover. Agronomy Abstracts (CD-ROM). ASA. Madison, WI. Lan, X., A. Boe, and P. Johnson. 2003. Ecological characteristics of a naturalized population of yellow-flowered alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata). Abstracts Ann. Meet. Soc. Range Management. Zamy, R.M., and A. Boe. 2003. Tiller origin and development in switchgrass. Agronomy Abstracts (CD-ROM). ASA. Madison, WI. Malvick, D.K., Montez-Ellis, M., and Dyer, A.T. 2003. Occurrence and races of Aphanomyces euteiches in Illinois alfalfa fields. (Abstr.) Phytopathology. In Press. Renne, I.J., B.G. Rios, J.S. Fehmi and B.F. Tracy. 2004. Low allelopathic potential of an invasive forage grass on native grassland plants: a cause for encouragement? Basic and Applied Ecology. In Press. Renne, I.J. and B.F. Tracy. 2003. Disturbance persistence in grazed pastures: shifts in aboveground communities and the weed seed bank. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts 2003. C06-renne475103-poster. Tracy, B.F. and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Relationships between forage plant diversity and weed invasion in pasture communities. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment. 102:175-183. Tracy, B.F. and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Productivity and stability relationships in mowed pastures of varying species composition. Crop Science. In Press. Tracy, B.F. I.J. Renne, M.A. Sanderson J. Gerrish. 2003. Soil Seedbank Dynamics in Grazed Pasture Communities of Differing Diversity. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts 2003. C06-tracy827858-poster. Haagenson D.M., S.M. Cunningham, B.C. Joern and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Autumn defoliation effects on alfalfa winter survival, root physiology, and gene expression. Crop Sci. 43:1340-1348. Cunningham S.M., P. Nadeau, Y. Castonguay, S. Leberge and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Raffinose and stachyose accumulation, galactinol synthase expression, and winter injury of contrasting Medicago sativa germplasms. Crop Sci. 43:562-570. Haagenson D.M., S.M. Cunningham and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Root physiology of less fall dormant, winter hardy alfalfa selections. Crop Sci. 43:1441-1447. Kalengamaliro N.E., S.M. Cunningham and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Growth, sugar accumulation, and dark respiration of suspension cell cultures derived from contrasting alfalfa cultivars. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 72:163-171. Meuriot, F., J.-C. Avice, M.-L. Decau, J.-C. Simon, P. Laine, J.J. Volenec, and A. Ourry. 2003. Accumulation of N reserves and vegetative storage protein (VSP) in taproots of non-nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are affected by mineral N availability. Plant Sci. 165:709-718. Meuriot, F., C. Noquet, J.-C. Avice, J.J. Volenec, S.M. Cunningham, T.G. Sors, S. Caillot, and A. Ourry. 2003. MeJA reduces N uptake, changes N partitioning, stimulates VSP storage in taproots of Medicago sativa L. and induces expression of a 32 kDa genes, a VSP with chitinase activity. Physiol. Plantarum 120:113-123. Noquet, C., F. Meuriot, J.-C. Avice, A. Ourry, S.M. Cunningham, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Short-day photoperiod induced changes in N uptake, N partitioning and accumulation of vegetative storage proteins in two Medicago sativa L. cultivars. Func. Plant Biol. 30:853-858. Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Phosphorus and potassium effects on alfalfa yield components, physiology, and stress tolerance. Abstr. Amer. Soc. Agron. Meeting, Denver, CO. Berg W.K., S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Enhancing alfalfa production through improved potassium management. Better Crops. 87:8-11. Berg W.K., S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Improved phosphorus management enhances alfalfa production. Better Crops. 87:20-23. Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. The impact of phosphorus and potassium nutrition on alfalfa root carbon and nitrogen pools following defoliation. Agron. Abstr.: C02-berg700438-poster. Berg, W.K., S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Phosphorus and potassium effects on alfalfa yield components, physiology, and stress tolerance. Agron. Abstr.: A09-berg559158-oral. Howard, S.M., W.K. Berg, S.M. Cunningham, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer effects on soil nutrient concentration, and their impact on alfalfa yield components. Agron. Abstr.: S04-howard133968-poster. Al-Hadid, K., S.M. Cunningham, and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Characterization of defoliation-responsive genes in Medicago sativa. Agron. Abstr.: C02-al-hadid977857-poster. Milton, A., T. Henderson, S.M. Cunningham, J.J. Volenec, and J.A. Gana. 2003. Allele structure of the ROOTCAR1 locus in populations of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Annu. Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Plant Biol. Honolulu, HI., Abstr. No. 211. Cunningham, S.M., W.K. Berg, S.M. Brouder, B.C. Joern, K.D. Johnson, K. Dalton and J.J. Volenec. 2003. Phosphorus and potassium effects on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root physiology during post-defoliation shoot regrowth. Annu. Meeting Amer. Soc. Plant Biol. Honolulu, HI., Abstr. No. 433. Volenec, J.J., S.F. Abu Qamar, and S.M. Cunningham. 2003. Phosphate nutrition effects on growth, phosphate transporter expression, and physiology of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Annu. Meeting Amer. Soc. Plant Biol. Honolulu, HI., Abstr. No. 434. Hudson, D. J., Leep, R. H.* and D. H. Min. 2003. Weed Control Strategies for Establishment of Big Bluestem and Switchgrass. Poster Presentation. American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting. Lafayette, LA, April 19-23, 2003. Fronning, B. E., K. D. Thelen, and D. H. Min. 2003. Soybean and Silage Corn Cropping System Effects on Carbon Sequestration. Poster Presentation. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, November 2-6, 2003. Lamp, W., Volenc, J., Berg, W. K., Barta, A. L., Hammond, R. B., Rhodes, L. H., Sulc, R. M., Ariss, J., Leep, R., VINCELLI, P., Denlinger, T., Laub, C., and Youngman, R. 2003. Development of Pest Management Strategies for Forage Alfalfa Persistence. Proceedings of the Fourth National Integrated Pest Management Symposium. Indianapolis, IN. April 8-10, 2003 Min, D. H., J. DeYoung, R. H. Leep, and T. Dietz. 2003. Using Compost and Manure as Inputs to Increase Carbon Sequestration Under Forage Crop Best Management Practices. Poster Presentation. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, November 2-6, 2003. Min, D. H., H. Bucholtz, P. Naasz, and R. Leep. 2003. Effects of Alfalfa and BMR Corn Silage and Level of Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber on Dry Matter Intake and Milk Production by Lactating Cows in Michigan. Poster Presentation. American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting. Lafayette, LA, April 19-23, 2003. Warnock, D. L., R.H. Leep, S. S. Bughrara, D. H. Min, and T. S. Dietz. 2003. Determining Performance of Diploid and Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrasses as Monocultures and Cocultures with Ladino White Clover. Poster Presentation. Amer. Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, November 2-6, 2003. Barker, D.J.; R.M. Sulc, A. Deak, M.H. Hall, M.A. Sanderson, and T.L. Bultemeier. 2003. Performance of pastures with high and low species richness in northeast USA. Amer. Forage and Grasslands Congress Proc. 12:172-176. Bultemeier, T.L.; D.J. Barker, R.M. Sulc, S.K. Harrison, and E.E. Regnier. 2003. Quackgrass contribution to production of pasture mixtures under grazing. Amer. Forage and Grasslands Congress Proc. 12:135-139. Burgess, M.R.; D.J. Barker, D.L. Zartman, R.M. Sulc, and S.K. Harrison. 2003. Forage species and spatial effects on the dietary intake of goats. Amer. Forage and Grasslands Congress Proc. 12:182-186. Dodd, M.B.; D.J. Barker; M.E. Wedderburn. 2003. Practical benefits of pasture diversity in hill country. Proc. of the New Zealand Grassland Assn. 65: 127-132. Lambert, M.G.; A.D. Mackay, B.P. Devantier, D.B. McDougall, Barker, D.J., and Z. Park Ng. 2003. Redefining the production potential of hill pastures using fertiliser nitrogen. Proc. of the New Zealand Grassland Assn. 65:35-40. White, T.A., Barker, D.J. and Moore, K.J. 2004. Vegetation diversity, growth, quality and decomposition in managed grasslands. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 101:73-84. White, T.A., Barker, D.J. and Moore, K.J. 2004. The importance of local scale processes to landscape scale patterns of grassland vegetation diversity. New Zealand J. Agric. Research (accepted). M.B. Dodd, D.J. Barker, M.E. Wedderburn. 2004. Plant diversity effects on the functional properties of New Zealand hill country pastures. Grass and Forage Sci. (accepted). Sulc, R. M., Johnson, K. D., Sheaffer, C. C., Undersander, D. J., and Santen, E. V. 2004. Forage quality of potato leafhopper-resistant and susceptible alfalfa cultivars. Agron. J. 96:337-343. Sulc, R. M., McCormick, J. S., Rhodes, L. H., Barker, D. J., and Hammond, R. B. 2003. Ohio forage performance trials. Hort.& Crop Sci. Series 195. Agdex 141, Ohio State Univ. Available at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/. Moraes, A., Sulc, R. M., Lang, C. R., Barker, D. J., Pelissari, A., Lucchesi, L. A., and Magalhaes, M. B. 2003. Corn productivity following winter annual pasture with different grazing intensities and nitrogen rates. No. C03-sulc921793-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Grise, M. M., Pelissari, A., Moraes, A., Sulc, R. M., Fernandes, A. C., Valerio, S., Martins, R. L., and Lang, C. R. 2003. Winter grazing effects on pasture root growth and soil physical properties in southern brazil. No. C06-grise521493-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Muraro, M., Pelissari, A., Moraes, A., Lang, C. R., Andrade, A. A., and Sulc, R. M. 2003. Grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization effects on winter annual pasture biomass prior to planting corn. No. C06-pelissari196070-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Lang, C. R., Moraes, A., Andrade, A. A., Pelissari, A., and Sulc, R. M. 2003. Grazing and nitrogen fertilization effects on decomposition of winter annual pasture residue in corn. No. C06-moraes513593-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Sulc, R. M., Moraes, A., Alves, S. J., Pelissari, A., and Carvalho, P. F. 2003. Integration of livestock grazing and row crop systems in southern Brazil. No. C06-sulc468229-oral Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Sa, J. C., Sulc, R. M., and Moraes, A. 2003. Carbon and nitrogen particle size fractions affected by winter grazing in southern Brazil. No. S06-sa178335-poster, Agronomy Abstracts [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Lamb, J. S., Sheaffer, C. C., Brummer, E. C., Rhodes, L. H., Sulc, R. M., and Undersander, D. J. 2003. Comparing forage yield and quality of alfalfa cultivars released from the 1940‘‘‘‘s through the 1990‘‘‘‘s. No. C06-lamb771003-oral, Agronomy Abstracts. [CD-ROM computer file]. ASA, Madison, WI. Burgess, M.R. 2003. Species richness and spatial pattern effects on goat intake. M.S. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus. Brenly-Bultemeier, T.L. 2003. Species interactions with quackgrass and their effect on forage production. M.S. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus. Diedrick, K.A. 2004. Reduced insecticide rates and host resistance for control of potato leafhoppers in alfalfa. M.S. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus. Barker, D.J., R.M. Sulc, A. Deak, M.H. Hall, M.A. Sanderson, and T.L. Bultemeir. 2003. Performance of pastures with high and low species richness in Northeast USA. Proc. Am. Forage Grassl. Council 12:172-186. Comas L.H., R.H. Skinner, and M.A. Sanderson. 2003. Using plant morphology, physiology and stress response to define plant functional groups in pasture systems. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting. August 3-8, 2003. Savannah, GA. Corson, M.S., C.A. Rotz, and R.H. Skinner. 2003. Adapting a rangeland model to predict pasture composition and growth in temperate climates. Agron. Abstracts. Foster, J.G., D.P. Belesky, R.W. Zobel, W.M. Clapham, G.A. Alloush, M.E. Labreveux, M.H. Hall, M.A. Sanderson, and R.H. Skinner. 2003. Environmental impacts of sesquiterpene lactone composition of forage chicory. Proc. Am. Forage Grassl. Council 12:288-292. Labreveux, M., M.H. Hall, and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Productivity of chicory and plantain cultivars under grazing. Agron. J. In Press. Sanderson, M.A., S.C. Goslee, and B.F. Tracy. 2003. What‘‘‘‘s that growing in your pasture? Hoard‘‘‘‘s Dairyman June 2003 148:No. 11. p. 426. Sanderson, M.A. 2003. Yield and persistence of bolting-resistant cultivars of chicory in forage plots. Proc. Am. Forage Grassl. Council 12:332-337. Sanderson, M.A., R.R. Schnabel, W.S. Curran, W.L. Stout, D. Genito, and B.F. Tracy. 2003. Switchgrass and big bluestem response to spring burning and glyphosate application: Hay, biomass, and seed yields. Proc. Am. Forage Grassl. Council 12:161-166. Sanderson, M.A., R.H. Skinner, D.J. Barker, G.R. Edwards, B.F. Tracy, and D.A. Wedin. 2004. Review and Interpretation: Plant species diversity and management of temperate forage and grazing land ecosystems. Crop Sci. 44:In Press. Sanderson, M.A., R.H. Skinner, J. Kujawski, and M. van der Grinten. 2004. Virginia wildrye evaluated as a potential cool-season native forage in the Northeast USA. Crop Sci. 44:In Press. Sanderson, M.A., R.H. Skinner, J. Kujawski, and M. van der Grinten. 2004. Nutritive value of Virginia wildrye a cool-season native grass in the Northeast USA. Crop Sci. 44:In Press. Sanderson, M.A., and G.F. Elwinger. 2004. Emergence and seedling structure of temperate grasses at different planting depths. Agron. J. 96:3 In Press. Sanderson, M.A., S.C. Goslee, R.B. Bryant, and B.F. Tracy. 2004. Assessment and monitoring of grazing lands in the northeastern United States. Proc. Second Nat. Conf. on Grazing Lands. Accepted November 8, 2003. Skinner, R.H., M.S. Corson, C.A. Rotz, and M.A. Sanderson. 2003. Simulating seasonal species composition and growth dynamics in grass/legume pastures. Agron. Abstracts. Skinner, R.H., D.L. Gustine, and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Growth, water relations, and nutritive value of pasture species mixtures under moisture stress. Crop Sci. 44:4 In Press. Skinner, R.H. and K. Moore. 2004. Chapter 4: Growth and Development of Forage Plants. Forages Vol. II. In Press. Tracy, B.F., and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Forage productivity, species evenness, and weed invasion in pasture communities. Agr. Ecosys. Environ. In Press. Van Esbroeck, G., M.A. Hussey, and M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Reversal of dormancy in switchgrass with low-light photoperiod extension. Bioresource Technol. 91:141-144. Berdahl, J. D. and R. E. Ries. Russian wildrye seedling development under three temperature regimes. Crop Sci. 42:1647-1650. Berdahl, J.D., A.B. Frank, J.M. Krupinsky, P.M. Carr, J.D. Hanson, and H.A. Johnson. Biomass yield of diverse switchgrass cultivars and experimental strains in western North Dakota. (Crop Sci in review process). Fehmi, Jeffrey, James F. Karn, Ronald E. Ries, John R. Hendrickson, and Jon D. Hanson. 2003. Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 78:29-42. Frank, A. B. and J. F. Karn. 2003. Vegetation indices, CO2 flux, and biomass for Northern Plains Grasslands. J. Range Management. 56:382-387. Frank, A. B. 2003. Six years of CO2 flux measurements for a grazed mixed-grass prairie. Environmental Management. Online First DOI 10.1007/s00267-003-9150-1. Dec., 14 p. Frank, A.B. 2003. Evapotranspiration in northern semiarid grasslands. Agron. J. 95:1504-1509. Frank, AB. Carbon dioxide fluxes over a mixed-grass prairie. In: Allsopp, N., A.R. Palmer, S.J. Milton, K. P. Kirkman, G. I. H. Kerley, C. R. Hurt, and C. J. Brown (eds.). Proc. VIIth International Rangeland Congress, 26th July-1st August, Durban, South Africa, Document Transformation Technologies, pp. 1077-1079. Frank, A. B., J. D. Berdahl, J. D. Hanson, M. L. Liebig, and H. A. Johnson. 2004. Biomass and carbon partitioning in switchgrass. Crop Sci. In Press. Frank, A. B., and J. F. Karn. 2004. Shrub effects on carbon dioxide and water vapor flux over grasslands. J. Range Management. In Press. Gilmanov, T.G., L.L. Tieszen, B.K. Wylie, L.L. Flanagan, A.B. Frank, M.R. Haferkamp, and J.A. Morgan. Integration of CO2 flux and remotely sensed data for primary production and ecosystem respiration analysis in the Northern Great Plains: Potential for Quantitative spatial extrapolation. (Submitted to Global Ecology and Biogeography). Halaweish, F.T., S.L. Kronberg, and J.A. Rice. 2003. Rodent and ruminant ingestive response to flavonoids in Euphorbia esula. J. Chemical Ecology. 29:1073-1082. Hendrickson, J. R. and John D. Berdahl. 2003. Survival of 16 alfalfa populations space planted into a grassland. J. Range Management. 56:260-265. Karn, J. F. and R. E. Ries. 2002. Free-choice grazing of native range and cool-season grasses. J. Range Management. 55:469-473. Karn, J.F., A.B. Frank, J.D. Berdahl, and W.W. Poland. 2003. Water, nitrogen and ploidy effects on Russian wildrye mineral concentrations. J. Range Management. 56:534-541. Karn, J. F., A.B. Frank, J. D. Berdahl, and W.W. Poland. 2004. Russian wildrye chemical composition as affected by ploidy, water, and nitrogen levels. J. Range Management. In Press. Nihson, M.E., E.L. Piper, C.P. West, T. M. Denard, R. J.Crawford, Z. B. Johnson, C. A. Roberts, D. A. Spiers, and C. F. Rosenkrans. 2003. Steer performance on tall fescue with novel endophytes. J. Anim. Sci. In Press. C.A. Roberts, D.E. Spiers, A.L. Karr, H.R. Benedict, D.A. Sleper, P.A. Eichens, C.P. West, E.L. Piper, and G.E. Rottinghaus. 2002. Use of a rat model to evaluate tall fescue seed infected with introduced strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5742-5745. Kallenbach, R.L., G.J. Bishop-Hurley, M.D. Massie, G.E. Rottinghaus, and C.P. West. 2003. Herbage mass, nutritive value, and ergovaline concentration of stockpiled tall fescue. Crop Sci. In Press. Sauer, T.J., P.A. Moore, Jr., J.M. Ham, W.L. Bland, J.H. Prueger, and C.P. West. 2002. Seasonal water balance of an Ozark hillslope. Agric. Waste Management 55:71-82. West, C.P., and C.J. Nelson. 2003. Ecology of naturalized grasslands. In C.J. Nelson et al. (eds.) Forages: The science of grassland agriculture Vol. I. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. Braden, I.S. 2001. Forage and soil phosphorus analysis using a geographical information system (GIS) of poultry litter-amended pastures on beef farms. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas. Compston, S.R. 2002. Nitrous oxide emissions from poultry litter-amended bermudagrass pasture. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas. Hayward, J.R. 2001. Screening Novel Endophytes For Drought Tolerance Traits in Tall Fescue. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas. Aberle, E.Z. L.R. Gibson, A.D. Knapp, P.M. Dixon, and K.J. Moore, E.C. Brummer, and Roger Hintz. 2003. Optimum planting procedures for eastern gamagrass. Agron. J. 95:1054-1062. Alarcon-Zuniga, B., E. C. Brummer, M. P. Scott, K. J. Moore, D. Luth, K. R. Lamkey, and T. B. Bailey. 2003. Genetic analysis of autumn dormancy, winter injury and associated traits in alfalfa? In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Ash, Cynthia L., and K. J. Moore. 2003. The plant management network: A new online source of applied plant science information. J. Extension. 41(1) http://www.joe.org/joe/2003february/tt2.shtml Bolsen, Keith K., Kenneth J. Moore, Wayne Coblentz, Mary Kay Siefers, and James S. White. 2003. Sorghum Silage. In D. Buxton, R. Muck, and J. Harrison (eds.) Silage Science and Technology. Agronomy 42:609-632. Braden, I. S., K. J. Moore, J. M. Gertsma. 2003. Spatial relationships among legumes and grasses across landscapes in improved pastures. Proc. American Forage and Grassland Conf., p. 222-226. Braden I. S., T. A. White, and K. J. Moore. 2003. Competitive effects of a cool-season grass on the growth and nitrogen uptake of two warm-season grasses. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Braden, I. S., K. J. Moore, M. P. Hoffman, and Jim Gertma. 2003. Warm-season grass pasture improvementswith legume mixtures. p. 13-14. In Annual Progress Reports - 2002, Western Research and Demonstration Farm, ISRF02-10, Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service, Ames, IA. Brueland, B. A., K. R. Harmoney, K. J. Moore, J. R. George, and E. C. Brummer. 2003. Developmental morphology of smooth bromegrass growth following spring grazing. Crop Sci. 43:1789-1796. Cardinal, A. J., M. Lee, K. J. Moore. 2003. Genetic mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting fiber and lignin content in maize. Theoretical & Applied Genetics 106:886-874. DOI 10.1007/s00122-002-1136-5. Collins, Michael, Kenneth J. Moore, C. Jerry Nelson, and Robert F Barnes. 2003. Forages Resources CD. ISBN 0-8138-1654-8. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. Gibson, L.R., E.Z. Aberle, A.D. Knapp, K.J. Moore, R. Hintz. 2003. Release of seed dormancy in field plantings of eastern gamagrass. Crop Sci. In press. Guretzky, John A., Kenneth J. Moore, Allen D. Knapp, and E. Charles Brummer. 2004. Emergence and survival of legumes seeded into pastures varying in landscape position. Crop Sci. 44:227-233. Guretzky, John A., Kenneth J. Moore, C. Lee Burras, and E. Charles Brummer 2004. Distribution of legumes along gradients of slope and soil electrical conductivity (EC) in pastures. Agron. J. 96:547-555. Lemke, B.M., L.R. Gibson, A.D. Knapp, P.M. Dixon, K. J. Moore, and R. Hintz. 2003. Maximizing seed production in eastern gamagrass. Agron. J. 95:863-869. McAndrews, G. M., Franke, K., Moore, K., and George, R. 2004. Forage yield and nutritive value of oat interseeded with berseem clover and sweetclover. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2004-0301-01-RS. Nelson, C. Jerry, Michael Collins, R. F Barnes, and K. J. Moore. 2003. Forages: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, 6th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. Rogis, C., L.R. Gibson, A.D. Knapp, and R. Horton. 2004. Enhancing germination of eastern gamagrass seed with moist-prechilling and gibberellic acid. Crop Sci. 44:549-552. Rogis, C., L.R. Gibson, A.D. Knapp, and R. Horton. 2003. Can solid matrix priming with GA3 break seed dormancy in eastern gamagrass. J. Range Management. In press. Singer, J. W., R. L. Hintz, K. J. Moore, M. H. Wiedenhoeft, and E. C. Brummer. 2003. Tall fescue response to nitrogen and harvest date for stockpiled grazing in the upper midwest. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2003-0904-01-RS. Singer, J. W. and K. J. Moore. 2003. Nitrogen removal by orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass and residual soil nitrate. Crop Sci. 43:1420-1426. Tarr, Alison B., Kenneth J. Moore, Philip M. Dixon, C. Lee Burras, & Mary H. Wiedenhoeft. 2003. Use of soil electroconductivity in a multistage soil-sampling scheme. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2003-10XX-01-RS Terrell, B. L., K. J. Moore, R. A. Masters, C. A. Roberts, D. Davis, and R. L. Hintz. 2003. Legume establishment in auxinic herbicide-treated tallfescue patures. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Tian, X., A. D. Knapp, L. R. Gibson, R. Struthers, K. J. Moore, E. C. Brummer, and T. B. Bailey. 2003. Response of eastern gamagrass seed to gibberellic acid buffered below its pKa. Crop Sci. 43:927-93. White, T. A., D. J. Barker, and K. J. Moore. 2004. Vegetation diversity, growth, quality and decomposition in managed grasslands. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 101:73-84. White, T. A., and K. J. Moore. 2003. The importance of competition to grassland community structure at different landscape positions. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Moyer, J. L. and D. W. Sweeney. 2003. Managing nitrogen for dual-purpose tall fescue production. Amer. Forage Grassl. Counc. Proc. 12:299-302. Moyer, J. L., J. O. Fritz, and J. J. Higgins. 2003. Relationships among forage yield and quality factors of hay-type sorghums. Crop Management. doi:10.1094/CM-2003-1209-01-RS. B.A. Brueland, K.R. Harmoney, K.J. Moore, J.R. George, and E.C. Brummer. 2003. Developmental Morphology of Smooth Bromegrass Growth Following Spring Grazing. Crop Sci. 43:1789-1796. Harmoney, K.R., S. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, T. Jones, J. Wilson, D. Yauk, M. Ploger, G. McClure, M. Holder, B. Allen, W. Bell, and H. Jansoniuus. 2003. Seasonal Forage Quality of Rangelands Across Kansas. Society for Range Management Annual Meeting Abstracts, Casper, WY., 1-6 Feb. 2003. Harmoney, K., J. Brethour, C. Thompson, and S. Johnson. 2003. Forage Quality of Intermittently Stocked Native and Introduced Cool-season Grasses. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting Abstracts, Denver, CO., 2-6 Nov. 2003. Harmoney, K.R. 2003. Emergency Forage Crops. Proc. Tri-State Cow/Calf Conference, Wray, CO., 1 Feb. 2003. Gallagher, P.W., M. Dikeman, J.O. Fritz, E. Wailes, E. Gauther, and H. Shapouri. 2003. Supply and social cost estimates for biomass from crop residues in the United States. Environmental and Resource Economics 24:335-358. Gallagher, P.W., M. Dikeman, J.O. Fritz, E. Wailes, W. Gauther, and H. Shapouri. 2003. Biomass from crop residues: Cost and supply estimates. Agricultural Economics Report No. 763. USDA-ERS, Washington, DC. Meredith, A.K., J.O. Fritz, K.R. Harmoney, and R.C. Cochran. 2003. Carbohydrate pool sizes and digestion rates of two gamagrass varieties at four stages of maturity. In Annual Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Awada, T., M.E.L. Perry, and W.H. Schacht. 2003. Ecophysiological responses of a C3 grass and a C4 grass to tree canopy cover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83:533-540. Baenziger, P.S. and K.P. Vogel. 2003. Registration of NE422T Winter Triticale. Crop Sci. 43:434-435. Burboa-Cabrera, F.R., W.H. Schacht, and B.E. Anderson. 2003. Utilization and grazing distribution of cattle at four stocking densities. J. Range Management 56:328-333. Casler, M.D., K.P. Vogel, C.M. Taliaferro, and R.E. Wynia. 2004. Latitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations. Crop Sci. 44:293-403. Mousel, E.M., W.H. Schacht, and L.E. Moser. 2003. Summer grazing strategies following early-season grazing of big bluestem. Agron. J. 95:1240-1245. Smart, A.J., K.P. Vogel, L.E. Moser, and W.W. Stroup. 2003. Divergent selection for seedling tiller number in big bluesem and switchgrass. Crop Sci. 43:1427-1433. Smart, A.J., L.E. Moser, and K.P. Vogel. 2003. Establishment and seedling growth of big bluestem and switchgrass populations divergently selected for seedling tiller number. Crop. Sci. 43:1434-1440. Smart, A.J., L.E. Moser, and K.P. Vogel. 2004. Morphological characteristics of big bluestem and switchgrass plants divergently selected for seedling tiller number. Crop Sci. 44:607-613. Smart, A.J., W.H. Schacht, L.E. Moser, and J.D. Volesky. 2003. Prediction of leaf/stem ratio using NIRS: a technical note. Agron. J. In Press. Tuna, Metin, Kenneth P. Vogel, Kulvindar S. Gill, and K. Arumuganathan. 2004. Cytogenetic characterization of smooth bromegrass genomes. Crop. Sci. 44:31-37. Vogel, K.P., M.R. Schmer, R.K. Perrin, L.E. Moser, and R.B. Mitchell. 2003. Field scale evaluation of switchgrass grown as a bioenergy crop in the Northern Plains. p.14. NDSU Central Grasslands Research Extension Center 2002 Grass & Beef Research Review. NDSU CGREC, Streeter, ND. Vogel, K.P. 2003. Genetic variation among switchgrasses for agronomic traits, forage quality, and biomass fuel production. ORNL/SUB-03-DE105-900RE2194, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. 158 pp. (Final Report). Vogel, K.P., P.E. Reece, D.D. Baltsenberger, G.E. Schuman, and R.A. Nicholson. 2003. Release of Beefmaker Intermediate Wheatgrass. USDA-ARS and Univ. of Nebraska Cultivar Release notice. Release date January 29, 2003. Vogel, K.P., D. Tober., P.E. Reece, D.D. Baltsenberger, G.E. Schuman, and R.A. Nicholson. 2003. Release of Haymaker Intermediate Wheatgrass. USDA-ARS, USDA-NRCS, Univ. of Nebraska Cultivar Release notice. Release date April 30, 2003. Volesky, J.D., W.H. Schacht, and D.M. Richardson. 2004. Stocking rate and grazing frequency effects on Sandhills meadows. J. Range Management. In Press. Volesky, J.D. and R.T. Clark. 2003. Use of irrigated pastures and economics of establishment and grazing. p 83-100. In: Proc. The Range Beef Cow Symposium XVIII. Dec. 9, 10 and 11, 2003, Mitchell, NE. Volesky, J.D., B.E. Anderson, and J.T. Nichols. 2003. Perennial forages for irrigated pasture. NebGuide G03-1502-A. Weichenthal, B.A., D. D. Baltensperger, K. P. Vogel, S. D. Masterson, J. M. Blumenthal, and J. M. Krall. 2003. Annual forages for the Nebraska Panhandle. NebGuide G03-1527-A. p. 1-4. Cooperative Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Weichenthal, B.A., D.D. Baltensperger, K.P. Vogel. 2003. Feed Values for Annual Forages in Western Nebraska. 2004 Beef Cattle Report. p. 16-19. Agricultural Research Division and Cooperative Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. (Electronic copy at http://animalscience.unl.edu/beef/beef.html). Dhiman, T.R., S. Nam, and A.L. Ure. 2003. Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content of milk and meat. Critical Rev. in Food Sci. Nutr. In Press. Dhiman, T.R., M.S. Zaman, and N.D. Luchini. 2003. Response of pre-partum and early lactation dairy cows to dietary inclusion of ruminally inert conjugated linoleic acid. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (Suppl. 1):275. Griggs, T. C., J. W. MacAdam, H. F. Mayland and J. C. Burns. 2003. Energy levels in orchardgrass sward horizons during defoliation sequences initiated in morning and evening. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Griggs, T. C., J. W. MacAdam, H. F. Mayland and J. C. Burns. 2003. Orchardgrass soluble carbohydrate and digestibility levels in sward horizons under defoliation sequences. J. Dairy Sci. 81 (T204 Suppl. 1): 287. Jensen, K.B., K.H. Asay, and B.L. Waldron. 2003. Registration of RS-H hybrid wheatgrass. Crop Sci. 43: 1139-1140. Jensen, K.B., K.H. Asay, D.A. Johnson, and B.L. Waldron. 2003. Carbon isotope discrimination in tall fescue cultivars at four irrigation levels. Canadian J. Plant Sci. In press. Jensen, K.B., K.H. Asay, B.L. Waldron, D.A. Johnson, and T.A. Monaco. 2003. Forage nutritional characteristics of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass at five irrigationlevels. Agron. J. 95: 668-675. Jensen, K.B., R. Hill, B.L. Waldron, and M.D. Peel. 2004. Forages In R.E. Lascano and R.E. Sojka (eds) Irrigation of Agricultural Crops. Agronomy Monograph Series. In Press. Jensen, K.B., B.L. Waldron, and M.D. Peel. 2003. Breeding for salt tolerance in NewHy wheatgrass. Agronomy Abstracts. Denver, CO. Nov. 2-7, 2003. CD-ROM. Khanal, R.C., T.R. Dhiman, and R.L. Boman. 2003. Influence of turning cows out to the pasture on fatty acid profile of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (Suppl. 1):356. MacAdam, J. W. and S. Buffler. 2003. Yield of irrigated pastures under rotational stocking management vs. simulated grazing. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. MacAdam, J. W. and H. F. Mayland. 2003. The relationship of leaf strength to cattle preference in tall fescue cultivars. Agron. J. 95: 414-419. MacAdam, J. W. and C. J. Nelson. 2003. Physiology of forage plants, pp. 73-97 In R. F. Barnes, C. J. Nelson, M. Collins and K. J. Moore (eds.) Forages. An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Vol. I, 6th Ed., Iowa State Press, Ames. Mayland, H. F., J. W. MacAdam, R. J. Orr, A. J. Rook and P. A. Harrison. 2003. Non-structural carbohydrates in tall fescue leaves and stem following light and dark periods. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Miller, R., J. MacAdam, and R. Koenig. 2003. Management intensive grazing systems and the environment. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. USU Cooperative Extension Service, Electronic Bulletin AG/2003-10 Peel, M.D., K.H. Asay, W.H. Horton, B.L. Waldron, and K.B. Jensen. 2003. Efficient screening for salinity tolerance in alfalfa. Agronomy Abstr. Denver, CO. Nov. 2-7, 2003. CD-ROM. Peel, M.D., K.H. Asay, D.A. Johnson and B.L. Waldron. 2003. Forage production of sainfoin across an irrigation gradient. Crop Sci. In Press. Porter, S.F., T.R. Dhiman, D.P. Cornforth, R.D. Wiedmeier, K.C. Olson and B.R. Bowman. 2003. Conjugated linoleic acid in tissues from beef cattle fed different lipid supplements. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 1):110. Wiedmeier, R.D., D.L. Snyder, D. Zobell, and K.C. Olson. 2003. Winter grazing standing corn plants for beef cows under maintenance conditions. USU Cooperative Extension Service, Electronic Bulletin AG/2003-10. Wiedmeier, R.D., D.L. Snyder, M.D. Neibaur, P.R. Schmidt, B.R. Boman, and B.A. Kent. 2003. Biological and economic aspects of an accelerated, value-added cow-calf production system utilizing improved, irrigated pastures. Proc. Western Section, Amer. Soc. Animal Science. 54: 220-225. Owens, V.N., K.A. Albrecht, and R.E. Muck. 2002. Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day. Grass and Forage Sci. 57:329-341. Mourino, F., K.A. Albrecht, D.M. Schaefer, and P. Berzaghi. 2003. Steer performance on kura clover-grass and red clover-grass mixed pastures. Agron. J. 95:652-659. Albrecht, K.A., and K.A. Beauchemin. 2003. Alfalfa and other perennial legume silage. P. 633-664. In Silage science and technology. Agron. Monograph. 42. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Albrecht, K.A., R.A. Zemenchik, F. Mourino, and R.P. Affeldt. 2003. Performance of kura clover-based agricultural systems. P. 281-285. In Proc. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime & Pest Management Conference, 21-23 January 2003, Madison, WI. T.S. Milofsky, E. Molina, F. Calispa, G. Mosquera, M. Rosemeyer, and K.A. Albrecht. 2003. The impact of lotus on kikuyu based pasture systems for dairy production in Las Palmas, Ecuador. p. 1-4 In Proc. 6th Conference on Planification Local Agropecuaria y de la Naturaleza en Latinoamerica. 21-26 July 2003, Tarija, Bolivia. T.S. Milofsky, F. Calispa, E. Molina, M. Rosemeyer, and K.A. Albrecht. 2003. Lotus living mulch for maize production in Las Palmas, Eucador. p. 5-9. In Proc. 6th Conference on Planification Local Agropecuaria y de la Naturaleza en Latinoamerica. 21-26 July 2003, Tarija, Bolivia. Hedtcke, J., J. Posner, K. Albrecht. 2003. Using cattle to restore oak savanna/woodland in southern Wisconsin. p. 61. In Abstracts, 30th Natural Areas Conference, 24-27 September 2003, Madison, WI. Fischer-Brown, A.E., R.L. Monson, D.L. Northey, J.J. Rutledge, K.A. Albrecht and D.M. Schaefer. 2003. Reduced dietary protein improves pregnancy rates following transfer of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Theriogenology 59(1):364. Sheaffer, C.C., N.J. Ehlke, K.A. Albrecht, and P.R. Peterson. 2003. Forage legumes. Station Bulletin 608-2003, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota. Affeldt, R.P. 2003. Annual warm-season grass production in intercrop and living mulch systems with kura clover. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison. Contreras-Govea, F.E. 2003. Forage production and quality characteristics of cereals and ryegrass in monoculture or binary mixture with kura clover. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison. Sabalzagaray, A. 2003. Zone tillage and nitrogen fertilization response in a corn-kura clover living mulch system. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison. Milofsky, T.S. 2003. Use of legumes to benefit grass-based production systems in Wisconsin and Ecuador. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.

Impact Statements

In Nebraska, new strains of intermediate wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, and big bluestem were released in the ARS program. Beef cattle performance and pasture performance of these varieties are improvements over currently available varieties.
Research at Ohio State University showed utilization of annual forages during the period between successive grain crops has the potential to improve sustainability of farms by increasing production efficiency and profits.
In Illinois, research indicates that increased forage yield and stability may be best achieved by planting 2 or 3 forage species that are well matched to specific environmental conditions rather tna planting a random assemblage of forage species in a complex mixture.
At Iowa State University, the Agronomy department is in the process of assessing its curriculum. Several people from around the nation are interested in a collaboration that would develop teaching modules that could be used by multiple universities.
ARS research at Mandan, ND, indicates that although an amount equal to nearly half of the C captured in plant biomass during a year is lost through soil respiration, Northern Great Plains switchgrass planting have potential for storing a significant quantity of soil C.
Impact 6; In Arkansas, research on optimizing the use of a persistent, non-toxic cool-season grass with a persistent, high-quality legume indicates this would contribute significantly to increased sustainability of forage-based livestock production in the Southern region forage transition zone
Impact 7; Research in Michigan indicates that established alfalfa or alfalfa/orchardgrass results in more C sequestration than annual row crops in a forage cropping system. This research will provide useful information to producers and researchers in managing C sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gases in dairy-forage cropping systems
Impact 8; Wisconsin research initiated from interest by organic farmers spurred the study of reduced herbicide use in the corn-kura clover living mulch system develop in Wisconsin. Autumn sowing of winter wheat into kura clover mulch after corn silage harvest results in increased early spring production of dairy quality forage that can be mechanically harvested for silage, or grazed