NC213: Marketing and Delivery of Quality Grains and BioProcess Coproducts

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/13/2024]

Date of Annual Report: 03/13/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/27/2024 - 02/28/2024
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2022 - 09/30/2023

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

NC-213 Annual Business Meeting Minutes

Kansas City Missouri

Marriott Kansas City Downtown

February 28, 2024

Attendance:

George Annor

Griffiths Atungulu

Daniel Brabec

Mark Casada

Devisree Chukkapalli

Clairmont Clementson

Chuck Hill

Noah Hoag

Yan Jiang

Rob LaFollette

Tanner Liba

Kaushik Luthra

Janie Moore

Gretchen Mosher

Samuel Olaoni

Evans Owusu

Marvin Petingco

Lester Pordesimo

Mahfuzur Rahman

Kent Rausch

Devin Rose

Deanna Scheff

Kaliramesh Siliveru

Deandrae Smith

Mike Tubleson

Sahar Yousefi

Erin Kealey

Wu Jiaying

Kaushlendra Tingi (USDA)

Meeting began at 12:45pm CST

Updates

Janie Moore read updates from the NC-213 Administrative Advisor/Coordinator

NC-213 Annual Meeting 2025

Janie Moore proposed site options for 2025

Unanimous vote for Wheat Quality Council in Olathe, Kansas for 2025

Janie proposed that we identify a location for 2026 as well and consider having a set rotation for our annual meetings.

Deanna offered to have 2026 at K-State/USDA and Griffiths also offered to have 2026 at U of Arkansas.

Vote of the station representatives selected U of Arkansas for the 2026 meeting.

While there was some consensus about where we will host the meetings from year to year, we left it open for change.

Chuck Hill pointed out that we will need to keep GEAPS and Wheat Quality Council back to back, then go to a Land Grant

Suggested Meeting Schedule:

2025 – Wheat Quality Council

2026 – Univ of Arkansas

2027 – GEAPS

2028 – Wheat Quality Council

2029 – K-State/USDA

Appointment of Secretary

George Annor was the nominee for the Secretary and approved by the voting members.

Kaliramesh Siliveru did express interest in the position for the coming year.

Awards were presented before the business meeting by Devin Rose

Salah Issa – Early in Career

Griffiths Atungulu – Cereals and Oilseeds Award of Excellence

Jiaying Wu from Illinois - Student Poster Competition

While the virtual poster session went well, there are some improvements that could be made if we decide to try it again.

Have students record themselves presenting their work and have those videos available before the meeting.

Go back to the “people’s choice” and let everyone have an opportunity to vote on the posters (at Purdue we used those tokens and the students with the most tokens won, this year we gave industry reps a rubric to score and then tallied points)

Meeting adjourned.

Accomplishments

NC-213 2023 Accomplishments Objective 1: To measure, model, and assess factors which influence quality and safety attributes in the post-harvest usage, drying, handling and distribution of cereal grains and oilseeds.   NC213 researchers across multiple universities and USDA facilities have been conducting research studies across the post-harvest supply chain. Studies include alternative uses for naturally occurring DON-contaminated grain, mycotoxin prevalence in Iowa corn, developing support tools and guides for post-harvest technology uses, improvements on airflow in grain ground piles, and mitigation techniques for pathogens in wheat. NC213 researchers have published >30 peer review publications, developed 3 online dashboards, and presented at national and international conferences.   Selected highlights from individual research stations.   Researchers at Iowa State University have studied and developed decision support tools to guide assessments and adoption of post-harvest technologies to ensure food security. The Rockefeller Foundation YieldWise Initiative (YWI) was used as a case study to develop the first-generation support tool to compare post-harvest losses associated with different technologies, along with surveys from 600 participants from Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria.   Research is underway at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln to investigate mitigation strategies to reduce the natural microbial load of hard red winter wheat. This research addresses the food safety concerns of microbial contamination in wheat flour and is a potential novel treatment to reduce microbial loads.   Researchers at Texas A&M studied naturally contaminated maize samples with aflatoxin, to obtain spectral data that was processed and analyzed using a machine learning method. The findings and implications from the study indicate the potential use of a compact and automated Raman system, coupled with machine learning methods would be a more rapid and less expensive analytical tool for hazardous substances at on-site field processing locations.   Researchers at the USDA – ARS evaluated a handheld NIR instrument compared to a benchtop NIR for predicting protein content in sorghum grain. The handheld NIR would offer growers and producers a more rapid prediction of sorghum grain composition   Objective 2: To improve management and operational systems to increase efficiency, retain quality, enhance values and reserve food safety in the farm-to-user supply chain.   NC213 researchers from across the station locations have been pursuing research and extension efforts on systems approaches for the post-harvest supply chain. NC213 researchers have produced a combined, 41 peer review publications under this objective. The University of Arkansas held their annual industry alliance meeting to share research findings with stakeholders, academics, and sponsors of the rice processing program. Advances in mycotoxin and aflatoxin research from Iowa State University, the USDA, and Mississippi State University have been made through the NC213 collaborations. Collaborative research projects were conducted on control strategies for stored product insects on multiple stored grain commodities and aerosol treatments for processing facilities, which resulted in increased awareness of treatment options for stored product pests.   Selected highlights from individual research stations.   Iowa State University has been researching and testing new wireless monitoring systems aimed to replace temperature cables with the headspace of a grin bin, and plenum sensors that monitor temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration during grain storage. The goal of the new system is to monitor grain conditions, make aeration decisions, and provide warnings of grain spoilage in time to act to reduce losses.   Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a big data framework to track the distribution of pathogens in the wheat supply chain. They consider a detailed wheat supply chain where temperature and humidity are the two main parameters responsible for bacterial contamination at any point in the network. They intend to explore interactions between several parameters other than temperature and humidity and validate the model with realistic data. Purdue University is currently working on creating a searchable online database for grain, co-products, and biomass physical properties The user-friendly web application tool is being developed using the open-source, server-based programming language, for easy retrieval of data.   Objective 3: To work with multi-institutional colleagues to improve the cereal grain and oilseed supply chain by creating measurable impacts that preserve quality, increase value and maintain food safety/security.   NC213 researchers from station locations participated in the Annual Meeting, where current research activities were presented and discussion among the research stations occurred. These interactions lead to new ideas, practices, and research projects among NC213 researchers to address specific engineering, scientific, and economic issues.   Highlights from individual research stations.   The Iowa State University (ISU) Kent Feed Mill and Grain Science Complex was officially dedicated in September 2023. This new facility provides a unique capability to allow for NC213 research collaborations between universities, USDA facilities, stakeholders, and industry partners to study the post-harvest supply chain and develop strategies to improve post-harvest storage, processing, and management systems. In addition, on-site training and coursework were conducted in this new facility to help grow the post-harvest community and to train the next generation of scientists.

Publications

Branstad-Spates, E.H., E.L. Bowers, C.R. Hurburgh, P.M. Dixon, and G.A. Mosher. 2023. Prevalence and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin in Iowa Corn during a Drought Year.  International Journal of Food Science, 2023. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9959998">https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9959998</a>   Mendoza1, P.T.D., C R. Hurburgh,  D. E. Maier, and P R. Armstrong.  2023. NIR Spectral imaging for animal feed quality and safety. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 39(6), 553-564. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15051">https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15051</a>   Derry, E. C.R. Hurburgh, and G.A. Mosher. 2023. Development of process to improve efficiency in near infra-red spectroscopy standardization. Presented at the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Omaha, NB, July 2023.   Chikez, H. 2023. Decision support tools to guide assessment and adoption of postharvest technologies and to ensure food security. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.   Chikez, H.; Maier, D.; Olafsson, S.; and Sonka, S. Identifying Critical Drivers of Mango, Tomato, and Maize Postharvest Losses (PHL) in Low-Income Countries and Predicting Their Impact. Agriculture 2023, 13(10), 1912. DOI: : https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101912   Identifying and comparing critical drivers of mango, tomato, and maize postharvest losses (PHL) and predicting their impact: <a href="https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/phldashboard/">https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/phldashboard/</a>   Multi-criteria decision support system to rank postharvest technologies based on Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) adoption measures and numerous value chain actors’ preferences: <a href="https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/MDCA/">https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/MDCA/</a>   Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of remote sensing image-based technologies to quantify sweet potatoes left in the field in North Carolina, USA: <a href="https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/TEASP/">https://phldashboard.shinyapps.io/TEASP/</a>   Ignacio, M.C.C.D. 2023. Ensuring Performance of Hermetic Bag Storage Technology for Food Security and Resource Sustainability. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.   Ignacio, M.C.C.D., Maier, D.E. and Vorst, K.L. (2023). Engineering properties of commercially available hermetic storage bag liners. Journal of the ASABE 66(3), pp. 601-615.  DOI:  <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.15366">https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.15366</a>   Ignacio, M.C.C.D., Rosentrater, K.A., and Maier, D.E. (2023). Estimating environmental and economic impacts of hermetic bag storage technology. Sustainability 15(20), 14850; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014850">https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014850</a>   Obeng-Akrofi, G., Maier, D.E., White, W.S., Akowuah, J.O., Bartosik, R. and Cardoso, L., 2023. Effectiveness of hermetic bag storage technology to preserve physical quality attributes of shea nuts. Journal of Stored Products Research, 101. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102086">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102086</a>   Akowuah, J.O., Owusu, G., Obeng-Akrofi, G. and Adjei, P.D., 2023. Comparative assessment of three low-capacity drying systems using the analytical hierarchy process. Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE), 23(4), pp.17-25. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v23i4.10">https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v23i4.10</a>   Adjei, P.D., Akowuah, J.O., Obeng-Akrofi, G. and Awafo, E., 2023. Thin-layer mathematical modelling of maize in a biomass-powered inclined bed dryer. Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE), 23(4), pp.48-54. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v23i4.104">https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v23i4.104</a>   Adjei, P.D., Akowuah, J.O., Obeng-Akrofi, G. and Awafo, E.A., 2023. Techno-economic analysis of a biomass-powered inclined bed dryer for maize drying. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT), 13(1), pp.15-24. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.338273">https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.338273</a>   Arthur, E., Obeng-Akrofi, G., Awafo, E.A. and Akowuah, J.O., 2023. Comparative assessment of three storage methods for preserving maize grain to enhance food security post COVID-19. Scientific African, Volume 19, ISSN 2468-2276. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01582">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01582</a>   Obeng-Akrofi G., Maier, D.E. and Akowuah, J.O. Development of moisture sorption isotherm of shea nuts. ASABE 2023 Annual International Meeting, Omaha, NE, July 8 - 12, 2023. (presenter)   Obeng-Akrofi G., Maier, D.E. and J.O. Akowuah. Post-harvest loss assessment, practices, and opportunities for shea nut producers. ASABE 2023 Annual International Meeting, Omaha, NE, July 8 - 12, 2023. (presenter)   Adjei, P.D., Akowuah, J.O., Obeng-Akrofi, G. and Awafo, E.A. Thin-layer mathematical modelling of maize in a biomass-powered inclined bed dryer. ASABE 2023 Annual International Meeting, Omaha, NE, July 8 - 12, 2023.   Adjei, P.D., Akowuah, J.O., Obeng-Akrofi, G. and Awafo, E.A. Techno-economic analysis of a biomass-powered inclined bed dryer for maize drying. ASABE 2023 Annual International Meeting, Omaha, NE, July 8 - 12, 2023.   Musa S, Stratton J, Rose DJ, Bianchini A. 2023. The effect of lactic acid in association with steam in reducing microorganisms in hard red winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry in press. doi: 10.1002/cche.10735   Rajapaksha, R. A. D. (2022). Solvent Retention Capacity (SRC) Analysis of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Utilization of High Protein Solvent Systems (Doctoral dissertation, North Dakota State University).   Kim, Y.K., Baek, I., Lee, K.M., Kim, G., Chan, D.E., Herrman, T.J., Kim, N., and Kim, M.S. 2023. Hyperspectral imaging techniques for rapid detection of single- and co-contaminant aflatoxins and fumonisins in ground maize. Toxins. 15(7): 472.   Kim, Y.K., Qin, J., Baek, I., Lee, K.M., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S., Chan, D.E., Herrman, T.J., Kim, N., and Kim, M.S. 2023. Detection of aflatoxins in ground maize using a compact and automated Raman spectroscopy with machine learning. Current Research in Food Science. 7:100647 Srinivasan, B., Li, W., Ruth, C.J., Herrman, T.J., Erickson, D., and Mehta, S. 2023. Rapid quantification of aflatoxin in food at the point of need: A monitoring tool for food systems dashboards. Current Research in Biotechnology. 6: 100153.   Kirk-Bradley, N.T., Salau, T.G., Salzman, K.Z., Moore, J.M., 2023. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) treatment for efficient disinfestation of Cowpea Weevil, Callosbruchus maculatus. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 66, 4, 921-927.   Impa, S.M., Bean, S.R., Ioerger, B.P., Hayes, C., Emendack, Y., Jagadish, S.V.K. 2023. Comparative assessment of grain quality in tannin versus non-tannin sorghum in the sorghum association panel. Cereal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10643   Ardoin, R., Smith, B., Bean, S., and Aramouni, F. 2023. Optimization of tannin-containing sorghum bran addition to gluten-free bread. J. Food Sci. 88:952-961.   Perumal, R., Tesso, T.T., Jagadish, S.V.K., Kumar, V., Aiken, R.M., Bean, S., Smolensky, D., Peiris, K.H.S., Prasad, P.V.V., and Little, C.R. 2023. Registration of grain sorghum seed (A/B) and pollinator (R) parent lines for chilling and drought tolerance. J. Plant Regist. 17:435-445.   Perez-Fajardo, M., Bean, S.R., and Dogan, H., 2023. Effect of cricket powders on dough functionality and bread quality. Cereal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10652   Kessler-Mathieu, M.S., Tilley, M., Prakash, S., Bean, S.R., Peiris, K.H.S., and Aramouni, F.M. 2023. TaqMan-based duplex real-time PCR approach for analysis of grain composition (Zea mays – Sorghum bicolor) in feedstock flour mixes for bioethanol production. ACS Agric. Sci. Technol. 3:232-240.   Mendoza, P.T., Armstrong, Peiris, K., Siliveru, K., Bean, S.R., and Pordesimo, L. 2023. Prediction of sorghum oil content using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Cereal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10656   Perez-Fajardo, M., Bean, S.R., Ioerger, B., Tilley, M., and Dogan, H. 2023. Characterization of commercial cricket protein powder and impact of cricket protein powder replacement on wheat dough protein composition. Cereal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10658   Cuevas, H.E., Peiris, K.H.S., and Bean, S.R. 20203. Assessment of grain protein in tropical sorghum accessions from the NPGS germplasm collection. Agronomy 13:1330. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1330   Peiris, K.H.S., Bean, S.R., Wu, X., Sexton-Bowser, S.A., and Tesso, T. 2023. Performance of a handheld microNIR instrument for determining protein levels in sorghum grain samples. Foods. 12:3101.   Ostmeyer, T.J., Somayanda, I.S., Bean, S.R., Rajveer, D., Hayes, C.M., Ritchie, G., Asebedo, A.R., Yves, E., and Jagadish, J.S.V. 2023. Impact of in-season split application of nitrogen on intra-panicle grain dynamics, grain quality and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum. J. of Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 186: 611-698.   Pruett, A., Aramouni, F.M., Bean, S.R., and Haub, M. 2023. Effect of flour particle size on the glycemic index of muffins made from whole sorghum and comparison to muffins made from whole corn, brown rice, whole wheat, or refined wheat flours. Foods. 12, 4188.   Pulivarthi, M.K., Buenavista, R.M., Bangar, S.P., Li, Y., Pordesimo, L.O., Bean, S.R., and Siliveru, K. 2023. Dry fractionation process operations in the production of protein concentrates: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. Accepted   Elsayed, S., Casada, M. E., Maghirang, R. G., Wei, M., & Maier, D. E. (2023). Numerical simulation of phosphine movement in bulk-stored grain. Journal of the ASABE, 66(3), 747–764. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.15378">https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.15378</a>   McKay, T., Luthra, K., Starkus, L., Owusu, E., Siebenmorgen, J., Atungulu, G*. (2023). Assessing the Effects of Microwave Treatments on Rice Quality and Mortality of Adult Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Journal of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), 66(5), 1033-1040. doi: 10.13031/ja.15436   Owusu, E., Luthra, K., Bruce, R., Atungulu, G*. (2023). Cooked rice safety: A review of status and potential of radiative pasteurization. Journal of Food Safety, 43(6). doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13090 (Review)   Smith, D. *, Wason, S., Bruce, R., Atungulu, G. (2023). Development of Radio-Frequency Technology for the Decontamination of Salmonella from Timothy Hay. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 39(5), 473-485. doi: 10.13031/aea.15598   Ahmadzadeh, S., Hettiarachchy, N., Luthra, K., Chen, J., Seo, H.-S., Atungulu, G., Ubeyitogullari, A. * (2023). Effects of polyphenol-rich grape seed and green tea extracts on the physicochemical properties of 3D-printed edible soy protein films. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 40(101184). <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214289423001618">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214289423001618</a>. doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101184   Bruce, R., Atungulu, G. *, Baustista, R. (2023). Fissure Formation in Rice During Conventional and Microwave Drying. Journal of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), 66(3), 617-625. doi: 10.13031/ja.15228 (Review)   Ouma, F., Luthra, K., Sreenivasula, B., Abass, O., Atungulu, G. * (2023). High Power Microwave Treatment Impact on Microbes in Rough Rice. Rice Science. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672630823000987">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672630823000987</a>. doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2023.08.006   Boreddy, S. R., Luthra, K., Atungulu, G. * (2023). High-Power Short Duration Microwave Drying of Rice Versus Fissuring and Milling Yields. Journal of American Society of Agricultural and Biological engineers (ASABE), 66(5), 995-1004. doi: 10.13031/ja.15410   Okeyo, A., Luthra, K., Atungulu, G. * (2023). Impact of degree of milling on cooking duration and textural attributes of long-grain hybrid rice for instant rice processing. Cereal Chemistry, 100(4), 830-840. doi.org/10.1002/cche.10660   Oduola, A., Bruce, R., Shafiekhani, S., Atungulu, G. * (2023). Impacts of industrial microwave and infrared drying approaches on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) quality and chemical components. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 137, 20-27. doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2022.10.010   Ding, C. *, Luo, Y., Atungulu, G., Ding, H., Huang, L., Simelane, M., Zhao, S., Liu, Q. (2023). Influence of cooking and texture attributes of far infrared radiated Japonica rice during storage. Journal of Cereal Science, 112. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521023000838">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521023000838</a>. DOI:10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103710   Owusu, E., Luthra, K., Atungulu, G.* (2023). Microwave-Cooking of Rice in Steam-Venting Packages and Impacts on Quality Attributes. Journal of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), 66(3), 789-797. doi: 10.13031/ja.15382   Panigrahi, S. S., Luthra, K., Singh, C. B.*, Atungulu, G., Corscadden, K. (2023). On-farm grain drying system sustainability: Current energy and carbon footprint assessment with potential reform measures. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 60. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882300423X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882300423X</a>. doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103430 (Review)   Branstad-Spates, E. E.L. Bowers, C.R. Hurburgh, and G.A. Mosher. 2023. “Prevalence and risk assessment of aflatoxin in Iowa corn crop during a drought year”. International Journal of Food Science, article ID 995998. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9959998">https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9959998</a>.   Branstad-Spates, E. H., L. Castano-Duque, G.A. Mosher, C.R. Hurburgh Jr., P. Owens, E. Winzeler, K. Rajasekaran, and E.L. Bowers. 2023. “Gradient boosting machine learning model to predict aflatoxins in Iowa corn.” Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 14, 1-12. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1248772">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1248772</a>    Gupta, P., C.R. Hurburgh, E.L. Bowers, and G.A. Mosher. 2023. “Assessing the feasibility of meeting tolerance limits for GM adventitious presence in corn supply chain using probabilistic modeling” Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 39(5), 543-551. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15570">https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15570</a>.    Gupta, P., C.R. Hurburgh, E.L. Bowers, and G.A. Mosher. 2022. “Application of fault tree analysis – failure mode and effect analysis to evaluate critical factors influencing non-GM segregation in the U.S. grain and feed supply chain”. Cereal Chemistry, 99(6), 1394-1413. DOI: <a href="https://10.1002/cche.10601">https://10.1002/cche.10601</a>    Wright, J.J. 2023. Predictive modeling for cable free grain storage management. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University.   Subramanyam, Bh., S. Manivannan., Olson, R., Taft, J., Hanni, S. 2023. Evaluation of dichlorvos pest strips in shipping containers holding soybeans: Effectiveness against immature stages of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 103, 102155.   Manivannan, S., Subramanyam, Bh. 2023. Contact toxicity of two amorphous diatomaceous earth powders against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Insects 14, 833.   Manivannan, S., Subramanyam, Bh. 2023. Contact toxicity of two candidate diatomaceous earths against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 104, 10222.   Manivannan, S., Subramanyam, Bh. 2023. Suitability of different soybean substrates and a laboratory diet on the development of Indian meal moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner) Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Modern Concepts and Developments in Agronomy 13, MCDA.000807.2023, 1258-1262.   Buenavista, R.M., E. Xinyi, Bh. Subramanyam, J.L. Rivera, M. Casada, K. Siliveru. 2023. Evaluation of wheat kernel and flour quality as influenced by chlorine dioxide gas treatment. Journal of Stored Products Research 102, 102127.   Berhe, M., Bh. Subramanyam, G. Demissie, M. Chichaybelu, F. A. Abera, R. Mahroof, J. Harvey. 2023. Effect of storage duration and storage technologies on pest infestations and post-harvest quality loss of stored sesame seeds in Ethiopia. Journal of Stored Products Research 103, 102161.   Deliephan, A., Bh. Subramanyam, C. G. Aldrich. 2023. Food safety issues in semi-moist/intermediate moisture foods and their mitigation using clean label antimicrobials-A review. Modern Concepts and Developments in Agronomy 12, MCDA.00091.2023, 1200-1210.   Deliephan, A., J. Dhakal, Bh. Subramanyam, C.G. Aldrich. 2023. Use of organic acid mixtures containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMBTa) to mitigate Salmonella enterica, Shiga-toxin producing Escherechia coli (STEC) and Aspergillus flavus in pet food kibbles. Animals 13, 877.   Deliephan, A., T.W. Phillips, Bh. Subramanyam, C.G. Aldrich, J. Maille, N. Manu. 2023. Efficacy of liquid smoke to mitigate infestations of the storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, in a model semi-moist pet food. Animals 13, 3188.   Deliephan, A., J. Dhakal, Bh. Subramanyam, C.G. Aldrich. 2023. Effects of liquid smoke preparations on shelf life and growth of wild type mold and Aspergillus flavus in a model semi moist pet food. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1154765.   Deliephan, A., J. Dhakal, Bh. Subramanyam, C.G. Aldrich. 2023. Mitigation of Salmonella on food contact surfaces using organic acid mixtures containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBa). Foods 12, 874.   Shivaprasad, D. P., K. Siliveru, and Y. Zheng. 2023. Emerging applications of cold plasma technology in cereal grains and products. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 141, 104177. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104177">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104177</a>   Pulivarthi, M., R. Buenavista, S. P. Bangar, Y. Li, L. O. Pordesimo, S. Bean, and K. Siliveru. 2023. Dry fractionation process operations in the production of protein concentrates: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 1-28. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13237">https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13237</a>   Santana, A. L., J. Peterson, R. Perumal, C. Hu, S. Sang, K. Siliveru, and D. Smolensky. 2023. Post acid treatment on pressurized liquid extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grain and plant material improves quantification and identification of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. Processes, 11, 2079. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072079">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072079</a>   Rivera, J. D., D. P. Shivaprasad, A. Vikram and K. Siliveru. 2023. Phage biocontrol effectively reduces contamination of wheat with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O121 and O26 without adverse effects on flour quality. Journal of Food Protection, 86, 100137. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100137">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100137</a>   Nkurikiye, E., M. K. Pulivarthi, A. Bhatt,  K. Siliveru, and Y. Li. 2023. Bulk and flow characteristics of pulse flours: a comparative study of yellow pea, lentil, and chickpea flours of varying particle size. Journal of Food Engineering, 357, 111647. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111647">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111647</a>   Dhakal, J., J. Rivera,  K. Siliveru, and C. G. Aldrich. 2023. Control of Aspergillus and Fusarium in-vitro and in Wheat Using Sodium Bisulfate (SBS) Acidulant. Food Protection Trends, 43 (6), 479-484. DOI: 10.4315/FPT-23-006   Suprabha Raj, A., H. M. Boyacioglu, H. Dogan, and K. Siliveru. 2023. Investigating contribution of blending on solvent retention capacity and dough rheology of roller milled hard red wheat. Foods, 12(10), 2078. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12102078">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12102078</a>   Buenavista, R., E. Xinyi, Bh. Subramanyam, J. Rivera, M. Casada, and K. Siliveru. Evaluation of wheat kernel and flour quality as influenced by chlorine dioxide gas treatment. Journal of Stored Products Research, 102, 102127. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102127">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2023.102127</a>   Rivera, J., A. Owonikoko, J. Zhao, and K. Siliveru. 2023. Significance of storage conditions on the flow properties of wheat flours. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-01938-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-01938-0</a>   Radhakrishnan, M., S. Maqsood, and K. Siliveru. 2023. Editorial: Emerging non-thermal technology applications for sustainable food processing. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1190320. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1190320">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1190320</a> (Editorial)   Yao, H., Zhu, F., Kincaid, R., Hruska, Z., Rajasekaran, K. 2023. A low-cost, portable device for detecting and sorting aflatoxin-contaminated maize kernels. Toxins, 15(3), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030197   Yao, H., Hruska, Z., Kincaid, R., Tao, F., Rajasekaran, K. 2023. Effect of Aspergillus flavus fungi infection and aflatoxin contamination on single corn kernel mechanical strength. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 39(2), 197–205. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15266">https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.15266</a>   Brabec, D., Lanka, S., Campbell, J.F., Arthur, F.H., Scheff, D.S., Zhu, K.Y. 2023. Aerosolized Insecticide Spray Distributions and Relationships to Efficacy against Stored Product Pests. Insects, 14, 914. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14120914">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14120914</a>   Scheff, D.S., Arthur, F.H., Domingue, M.J., Myers, S.W. 2024. Combination insecticide treatments with methoprene and pyrethrin for control of khapra beetle larvae on different commodities. Submitted to Insects December 2024.   Akoto, E.Y., and Maier, D.E. 2023. The mechanism of drug carryover in feed manufacturing as a function of drug properties and equipment design—a brief review." Agriculture 13(9),1834. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091834">https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091834</a>   Moisture Management in Feeds – Iran Feed Expo, January 6, 2023 (Ewing)   SLAM 360: Best Grain Quality Preservation Practices – Sanitation and Loading, Feed Strategy Webinar Series, March 29, 2023 (Maier)   Moisture Management in Feeds, Devenish Nutrition Webinar, April 26, 2023 (Ewing)   SLAM 360: Best Grain Quality Preservation Practices – Aeration, Feed Strategy Webinar Series, June 29, 2023 (Maier)   Optimizing Feed Mill Operations, U.S. Grains Council Nigeria Nutrition and Feed Technology Online Program, October 18, 2023 (Maier)   Africa Poultry Industry Training Course, Middle East and Africa Feed Manufacturing Training Center (Tunisia), U.S. Grains Council, January 15-21, 2023. (Maier: 2 lectures, 2 hands-on trainings)   Middle East, Africa and Europe Corn Quality Rollout Conference, U.S. Grains Council, Tunis (Tunisia), January 18-20, 2023. (Maier: 2 lectures)   Colombia Feed Industry Engagement, March 27-30 2023, Devenish Nutrition (Ewing: 2 lectures, company visits)   Swine DDGS Education Workshop, International Grain and Feed Industry Academy, Iowa State University, U.S. Grains Council Sonora Mexico Swine DDGS Education Team, June 5, 2023 (Maier: 1 lecture; Greiner: 1 lecture; Ewing: 1 tour)   Feed Manufacturing Training Program, International Grain and Feed Industry Academy, Iowa State University, U.S. Grains Council Sorghum Export West Africa Team, June 6-10, 2023. (Maier: 2 lectures; Ewing: 2 lectures, 1 tour; Akoto: 1 lecture)   Saudi Arabia Corn & Co-Products Promotion Conference, Riyadh & Dammam, Saudi Arabia, September 11-15, 2023 (Maier: 3 lectures; 2 site visits)   Middle East Feed Millers Conference, Sharm al Shiek, Egypt, October 2-7, 2023, Devenish Nutrition. (Ewing: 1 Lecture)   Turkey & South Asia Feed Manufacturing Training Course, Middle East and Africa Feed Manufacturing Training Center (Tunisia), U.S. Grains Council, October 15-20, 2023. (Maier: 2 lectures, 2 hands-on trainings)   Poultry Industry Virtual Training Course for Nigerian Feed Industry Professionals, Middle East and Africa Feed Manufacturing Training Center (Tunisia), U.S. Grains Council, November 9-11, 2022. (Maier; 4 lectures)   West African Feed Industry Engagement Program, Lagos, Nigeria, U.S. Grains Council, November 12-17, 2023. (Ewing:1 lecture, 4 company visits)

Impact Statements

Research conducted by NC-213 Scientists on steam treatments of wheat addresses the food safety concern of microbial contamination in wheat flour and introduces a novel method involving lactic acid and steam treatment to significantly reduce microbial loads without compromising the functional properties of flour.
Research conducted by members of NC-213 show that Solvent Retention Capacity (S.R.C.) is useful for the evaluation of specific flour polymers of HRS wheat cultivars for their end-use potential. Traditional SRC solvents are useful for millers due to the rapid prediction of flour quality parameters, while the supplemental SRC solvents can be used to predict the hard wheat quality since the successful correlations with protein quality-related parameters. The development of the supplemental solvents has gained traction among U.S. wheat customers across the global market, especially by Southeast Asian customers.
A compact and automated Raman system developed by NC-213 collaborative efforts is a highly applicable alternative tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of aflatoxin in a variety of feed and food matrices since it is rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective as a screening tool. The proposed Raman system can be capable of rapidly measuring contaminated samples with higher sensitivity and specificity to conduct automated sample analysis. As a result, it can serve as a powerful method to help control contaminated feed and food products for improvement of the safety in the grain industry.
Study conducted by NC-213 researchers reveals the real-time data sharing capabilities of a point-of-need (PON) reader with a proof-of-concept centralized and cloud-based AF databank. This databank can facilitate timely monitoring across different facets of food systems, ensuring accessible data for early warnings, data-driven decisions, rapid interventions, and enhanced coordination among diverse stakeholders within the food system. With wireless data transfer, it can facilitate real-time data collection, stored in a cloud-based AF database, revolutionizing efficient and cost-effective food safety monitoring.
Studies have proven that Aflatoxin is regarded as one of the most important food safety problems in the world. Corn contaminated with toxigenic strains of A. flavus can result in great losses to the agricultural industry and pose threats to public health. The research effort aims at providing a rapid, non-destructive method for screening corn at elevators or grain collection points, identifying and diverting contaminated grain into alternative uses, thereby protecting the food supply and increasing producer profitability. Results from this current NC-213 study enhanced the potential of using multispectral imaging for the detection of fungal infected and aflatoxin contaminated corn.
Research has proven that all food processing facilities and warehouses vary in size, structural components, design, etc. which challenges pest management professionals. Using the information in this NC-213 led study, the general public and researchers can better understand the relationship between a structural design, aerosol application type and technique, to better understand particle deposition and predicted efficacy. This information can be used and will lead to better, more uniform, and effective aerosol insecticide treatments.