SERA3: Southern Region Information Exchange Group for IPM

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/16/2023] [05/01/2024] [06/10/2025]

Date of Annual Report: 03/16/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/15/2023 - 03/15/2023
Period the Report Covers: 03/01/2022 - 02/28/2023

Participants

in-person: Ash Sial, past-chair (GA), Roger Margarey (SIPMC), Joe LaForest (SIPMC), Francis Reay-Jones, chair(SC), Tom Royer (OK), Rebecca Melanson (MS), Norm Leppla (FL); Virtual: Kayla Watson (SIPMC), Heather Kelly, secretary (TN), Francis Peter Fortnum Reay-Jones (SC) virtual: Glenn Studebaker (AR), Amy J. Dreves (Univ. Virgin Islands), Ryan Adams (NC), Ric Bessin (KY), Tegan Walker (SIPMC), Raj Singh (LA), Kayla Watson, David Kerns (TX), Daniel Frank (VA), Wanda Almodovar (Puerto Rico)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

See Annual Report attached under 'Publications' section

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 05/01/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/04/2024 - 03/06/2024
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2023 - 12/31/2023

Participants

In-person – Janet Hurley (TX), Ric Bessin (KY), Rebecca Melanson (MS), Heather Kelly (TN), Tegan Walker (SIPMC), Francis Reay Jones (SC), Kayla Watson (SIPMC), Joe LaForest (SIPMC), Roger Magarey (SIPMC), Norm Leppla (FL), Raj Singh (LA), Kiersten Wise(KY), Ashleigh Farris (OK)

Zoom – Ryan Adams (NC), Wanda Almodovar (PR), Daniel Frank (VA), Ash Sial (GA), Glen Studebaker (AR), David Kerns (TX), David Held (AL), Amy Dreves (VI), Lauren Quevillon (SIPMC), Lacey Belanger (SIPMC)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Reporting: Florida, Kentucky, Virginia, Texas, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, North Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee IPM Project Areas covered: Agronomic crops, Support for Pest Diagnostics, Specialty Crops, Pollinator Health, Communities including housing and schools, Pesticide Applicators, Animal Agriculture, and Public Health Funding that was acquired due to IPM efforts included commodity boards, USDA Forest Service, State Funds, Industry support, and internal university seed grant People reached by IPM outreach efforts: Direct (field days, workshops, professional development, webinars, etc.) – 127,626. Indirect (newsletter/Listserv subscribers, website views, podcast listens, etc.) – 950, 229 Outputs – Publications <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="312"> Outlet </td> <td width="312"> Total </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Book </td> <td width="312"> 2 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Book Chapter </td> <td width="312"> 4 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Conference Paper </td> <td width="312"> 61 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Extension Publication </td> <td width="312"> 99 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Journal Articles </td> <td width="312"> 72 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Thesis/Dissertation </td> <td width="312"> 12 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Websites </td> <td width="312"> 38 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Totals </td> <td width="312"> 288 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Outputs – Other Projects <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="312"> Outlet </td> <td width="312"> Total </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Commodity/Grower Meeting </td> <td width="312"> 778 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Conference Presentation or Poster </td> <td width="312"> 120 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Curricula or Education Aids </td> <td width="312"> 18 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Diagnostic Service </td> <td width="312"> 12,723 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Extension Presentation </td> <td width="312"> 1,212 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Newsletter </td> <td width="312"> 355 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Newsletter Article or Interview </td> <td width="312"> 192 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Podcast </td> <td width="312"> 464 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Video </td> <td width="312"> 135 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Webinar </td> <td width="312"> 28 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Workshop </td> <td width="312"> 42 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Other </td> <td width="312"> 20 </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="312"> Totals </td> <td width="312"> 16,087 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Publications

Impact Statements

Florida- A Southeast regional certificate program in pollination ecology and pollinator health was developed based on a regional ornamental industry pollinator health network analysis and needs assessment. The survey addressed interest, perceptions, knowledge gaps, and markets for wildlife/pollinator-friendly plants and needed information gaps and training. Results indicated broad consumer, green industry, and landscape maintenance interest. The certificate program includes a comprehensive online Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management training program outline with detailed individual modules, learning outcomes and activities, and a storyboard for recorded individual modules. Stakeholder training includes in-person and virtual workshops for Extension agents and industry professionals.
Kentucky- The Kentucky IPM program is comprised of 5 working groups: Kentucky Agricultural Training School (KATS), Agronomic Crop IPM, Specialty Crop IPM, IPM for Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab, and IPM with Pesticide Safety Education Programs. There is also a Coordination effort that monitors for key field crop pests, works with a stakeholder advisory group and organizes an annual IPM Conference. This effort strives to reduce unnecessary pesticide use while fostering agronomically, environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable production practices.
Virginia- Statewide surveys revealed significant progress in managing pest problems and enhancing IPM practices across Virginia. For instance, most survey respondents in fire ant quarantine counties indicated that they had encountered this pest (89%), and half reported improved identification and management skills due to our programming. Key outcomes included enhanced awareness of quarantine zones to limit fire ant spread, accurate identification, selective insecticide use, and awareness of fire antsâ€™ ecological benefits (such as biological control in row crops) thus benefiting crop health and public safety. In addition, on-farm and on-station demonstrations further promoted sustainable IPM. In field crops, these demonstrations persuaded surveyed growers to improve their knowledge of various IPM practices (51%), and resulted in a 19% increase in non-Bt refuge planting in corn and cotton to preserve Bt efficacy. Furthermore, Virginia Techâ€™s pest diagnostic services have significantly benefited numerous commercial operations. Commercial respondents agreed that diagnostic services increased crop quality (94%) and profitability (57%) and allowed them to develop a more strategic integrated pest management approach in their operation (88%). Service professionals reported improved service quality (100%) and enhanced client perceptions (88%), underscoring the broader benefits of diagnostic services in pest management and environmental stewardship.
Texas- Agricultural IPM. The 2023 Agricultural Pest Management News from the Field survey indicates $780,000 in economic benefits across 70,479 acres, or $11 per acre. Survey results from 153 cotton producers managing 320,000 acres indicate an average increase in net returns attributable to the IPM crop monitoring program of $40 per acre. Along with applied research and demonstrations, and other educational outreach the total increase in annual net returns was $30.6 million. Community IPM. Survey respondents have participated in the community wide program for a mean of 15 years while having a mean time of living in the neighborhood of 10 years. Given a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is little to no knowledge and 5 is expert knowledge on fire ant management strategies, respondents gave a mean of 2 before the program and a mean of 4 after the program implementation. Money spent on red imported fire ant control was reduced by $43 per household and insecticide use was reduced by 83%.
Oklahoma- Winter wheat, sorghum, and soybean are the top three agronomic crops in Oklahoma, with sorghum and soybeans being planted immediately after what harvest. This double crop system provides producers the opportunity to harvest two crops on one piece of land each year. However, the later planting of the second crop leads to challenges such as increased risk of arthropod pests during critical growth stages. The primary agricultural commodity in Oklahoma is beef cattle production which is susceptible to direct damage by horn flies (limiting productivity, weight gain, milk production for offspring, and farm profitability). Oklahoma IPM! has supported the development of sustainable and economic IPM strategies for producers of these commodities for decades through variety trials, on-farm demonstrations, the development of IPM decision support tools, and extension education and outreach activities. Winter wheat producers commonly include pyrethroid insecticide with top-dress nitrogen application as â€œcrop insuranceâ€ and to reduce field passes. There is a lack of knowledge whether this practice is economically viable and effective. The addition of an insecticide was not always economically justified in a given year or location, but on average, a farmer would receive a positive return over the course of several years. When locations and years are combined, the addition of an insecticide to the top-dress N application was economically justified. The insecticide treatments were shown to control both resident aphids and winter grain mites. The sorghum aphid is a regular pest in OK sorghum production. IPM Oklahoma! worked with researchers to develop a smart phone app that would take into account natural enemies and sorghum aphid numbers to help producers make insecticide spray decisions. This tool was validated in previous years of this grant cycle and is in use by OK sorghum producers. Oklahoma soybean production has seen stinkbugs as an end of season pest. Extension education and demos promoting timely planting systems and end of season/late season insecticides sprays were implemented at field days and extension workshops. These efforts have spurred the need for future work with evaluating the current economic thresholds for stink bugs in Oklahoma soybean production. IPM Oklahoma! developed a binomial sequential sampling (BSS) plan for horn flies based on hide color of cattle. Information has been disseminated through traditional areas such as Master Cattleman's classes, County and Area Cattlemen's meetings and Cow Calf Boot Camps throughout the state. IPM practices were taught at approximately 20 different extension organized functions and 4 non extension organized meetings in 2023. Horn fly extension projects that compared IPM strategies for managing horn fly populations within beef production systems demonstrated up to an 80% reduction in overall fly populations and resulted in improved beef production by increasing weight gains versus untreated cattle. The economic impact resulted in a $15.00 / hd added revenue which resulted in a net profit of $10.00 /hd for the increased weight gain. The BSS model will aid producers on the number of animals to sample in relation to modified thresholds based on hide color of the animal and improved cattle genetics since the initial threshold of 200 flies per animal was established in the 1980's.
Puerto Rico- IPM issues throughout the Caribbean region need to be part of the on-going recovery from storms, and rebuilding of agriculture. Pest/disease control issues, cost and availability of agricultural inputs and lack of IPM strategy knowledge is a challenge to pesticides are used extensively for control of agricultural and backyard pests in the Caribbean region. Our project united and increased exchange between PR and UVI, engaging ornamental growers, small farmers, backyard gardeners, community members and livestock and forage crops owners in best management practices and IPM methods for reducing disease-pest incidence, favoring beneficial organisms and increasing yield and income through trainings, Extension bulletins, descriptive comic and cartoon booklets, pocket field guides, audio and visual message clips and posters, promoting the implementation of reduced-risk practices and the protection of pollinators. In root crops, an educational campaign among elemental schools and communities was developed with the support of the Extension Agents. Field days were conducted throughout Puerto Rico, focusing on providing knowledge and skills to youth, leaders and parents about root crops as superfoods and resilient crops, with emphasis on the nutritional value and IPM. Pocket IPM guides were produced for sweetpotato, tanier and yam. More than 500 hundred persons increased their knowledge in the identification of common pests, IPM practices and nutritional properties of root crops. The trainings and educational materials were shared with UVI farmers through conferences, visits and posting the information in. the IPM webpage (www.uprm.edu/sea/mip/). About 35 elemental schools received education on root crops. Also, field days and visits of Extension Agents to root and tuber crops farmers reported an increase of 50% in the number of growers that implement at least 3 IPM practices in their farms, including the use of clean seed, weed control and pest and disease monitoring.
South Carolina- Over the past year, coordinated Extension programming continued to develop appropriate knowledge and competencies in producers and pest managers across the state, with the purpose of preventing excessive levels of pest damage, minimizing risks to the environment and to people, and reducing the evolution of resistance among target pests to pesticides. In addition to continuing trials to assess in-season horticultural oils for insect pest control and potential synergistic effects in combination with fungicides in peaches, the MyIPM working group met in October 2023 to update the app. The app has been downloaded over 5000 times and is frequently used by growers, county agents, and specialists. Training programs in vegetable IPM highlighted sensitivity of cucurbit powdery mildew and downy mildew to fungicides, and how new competitive vegetable varieties can help to reduce the impact of weeds on yield. A comprehensive weed ID garden was developed that can be easily moved to different locations for grower and county agent trainings. IPM work in agronomic crops including sampling of 360 grower fields for nematodes, these samples have helped develop management programs directly with growers. Demonstration field trials were conducted to compare fungicide management efficacy in peanut. Photographs of peanut cultivars with varying amounts of defoliation caused by late leaf spot were organized in a visual aid diagram and incorporated into the Peanut Production Guide and distributed to stakeholders.
Louisiana- Statewide Pest Management Training for LSU AgCenter ANR Extension Agents Relevance: LSU AgCenter ANR Extension Agents interact with stakeholders regularly in their respective parishes. They actively support the agricultural community in many aspects of crop production, particularly pest management. However, the dynamic nature of agricultural pests and the emergence of new challenges necessitate regular training to keep extension agents updated on the latest pest management strategies. To address this need, a statewide pest management training program was initiated. Approach: The comprehensive pest management training program brought together 14 LSU AgCenter specialists with expertise in various areas of pest management (weeds, disease, nematode, and insects) in field crops. The training was designed to refresh and enhance the knowledge of extension agents regarding pest management approaches in agronomic crops including soybean, cotton, corn, grain sorghum, wheat, rice, sugarcane, and forage. The training featured presentations covering a range of topics such as current pesticide recommendations, mode of action and efficacy of pesticide compounds, pest identification, resistance monitoring and management, and emerging threats. Results: Improved Knowledge Evaluation feedback from all participating ANR Extension Agents confirmed that their general knowledge of insects, disease, nematode, and weed management in field crops had significantly improved. The comprehensive training equipped the extension agents with up-to-date information on pest management approaches that enable them to provide timely and accurate guidance to stakeholders, facilitating better-informed decision-making, and thereby strengthening the relationship between the stakeholder and the LSU AgCenter. Positive Feedback and Continued Engagement - All participants expressed their intentions to attend the training again if offered in the future, demonstrating their recognition of its value. The positive feedback received highlights the relevance and impact of the training in meeting the specific needs of extension agents. It also reflects their commitment to continuous learning and professional development emphasizing their dedication to providing quality assistance to support the agricultural community.
Arkansas- The Arkansas Extension Implementation program educates agricultural producers on best IPM practices to increase profits, reduce costs and reduce the environmental impact of pesticides on the environment. The primary method of education is through providing IPM mini-grants to county agents. Mini-grants provide an avenue for agents to educate growers through various methods including in-field IPM demonstrations, field days, scouting schools and educational meetings. Forty-five demonstrations, 6 field days/scouting schools and 33 educational meetings were conducted. Producers indicated they had saved at least one pesticide application by following IPM thresholds.
North Carolina- The NC EIP program continues to build confidence in their knowledge of IPM strategies, and to foster high levels of trust and credibility in their local communities in Agronomic crops, Specialty crops, Communities, and Aquatic environments. One specific example of this can be seen as a result of the Plants, Pests, and Pathogens webinars in 2023. A follow-up survey saw 93% of agents and EMGV's reported an increase in knowledge of plant diseases, 78% indicated improved diagnostic skills (follow-up survey, increase to 83%), and 82% had used the knowledge gained to advise others on sustainability. By increasing their knowledge of IPM, EMGV's and Extension Horticulture Agents are able to address pest problems in their community and develop trust and credibility from consumers and homeowners.
Mississippi- Row crop producers are faced with numerous production and pest management challenges each year. The Agronomic Crops team at Mississippi State University hosted the annual Mississippi Row Crop Short Course in December 2023; this three-day course includes presentations from specialists of various disciplines and crops coving important production and pest (e.g., disease, insect, and weed) management topics. Several hundred stakeholders from Mississippi and other states attend this program each year to increase their knowledge of these topics. Program survey respondents typically represent approximately 2 million acres of row crops and report an estimated economic impact of over $40 million. Attendees also have opportunities for consultant license renewal, pesticide applicator recertification, and certified crop advisor CEU credits.
Tennessee- Our goal is to deliver programs so that stakeholders have the necessary training and resources to make IPM recommendations and decisions that are effective, economically sustainable, and environmentally sound. My area specifically focuses on disease management. Resource development, update, and distribution is key to IPM and within our program we have developed a mobile friend field guide at guide.utcrops.com where disease and insect identification and management information is located including images. Along with online resources, in-person/hands-on training and demonstrations are conducted throughout the year for county Extension agents and agricultural clientele that further impact decision making. Lastly, monitoring and reporting of native and exotic diseases and fungicide-resistance is conducted in collaboration with county Extension agents and producers where ~12 commercial fields across the state are monitored throughout the season and pathogen isolates are taken for further fungicide sensitivity monitoring.

Date of Annual Report: 06/10/2025

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/03/2025 - 03/03/2025
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2024 - 12/31/2024

Participants

In-person – Ric Bessin (KY), Rebecca Melanson (MS), Heather Kelly (TN), Tegan Walker (SIPMC), Francis Reay Jones (SC), Kayla Watson (SIPMC), Joe LaForest (SIPMC), Roger Magarey (SIPMC), Adam Dale (FL), Raj Singh (LA), Kiersten Wise (KY), Ashleigh Farris (OK), Ryan Adams (NC), Daniel Frank (VA), Ash Sial (GA), David Kerns (TX), David Held (AL), Amy Dreves (VI), Lacey Belanger (SIPMC), Edda Martinez (PR), Dania Rivera (PR), David Kerns (TX)

Virtually (via zoom) - Norm Leppla (FL), Wanda Almodovar (PR), Glen Studebaker (AR)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Arkansas - The Arkansas Extension Implementation Project addresses the need for increased IPM adoption in crops (both row crops and specialty crops), animal agriculture, and pollinator health throughout the state. A major tenant of IPM is proper pest identification and utilization of IPM treatment thresholds. Growers, consultants, and county agents were educated on IPM practices through online courses, in-person training, and on-farm demonstrations funded through a county-level mini-grant program. County agents indicated that most growers in their county communicated they felt they had reduced pesticide applications by at least one per crop (some indicated more than one) by utilizing University treatment thresholds. This reduction translates into an estimated savings of between $15-$30 per acre depending on the commodity.
Florida - "Dr. Dale’s team includes partnerships with agronomists and horticulturalists at four research sites: Ft. Lauderdale (Dr. Marco Schiavon), Jay (Dr. J. Bryan Unruh), and Gainesville, Florida; as well as Jackson Springs, North Carolina (Dr. Susana Milla-Lewis) and multiple colleagues throughout the Southeast. The team initially identified several ways that intraspecific cultivar blends of warm season turfgrasses may be a practical approach to reducing pests and pesticide inputs in lawns. Dr. Dale’s lab, including four graduate and several undergraduate students, found that fall armyworm, a key pest of turfgrasses, had reduced fitness, herbivory, and colonization rates in blends of two or four cultivars compared to cultivar monocultures. Additionally, they determined that negative effects of cultivar blends are often driven by the presence of specific cultivars, lending towards tailored cultivar blend recommendations. Dr. Dale’s proposed IPM approach to warm season turfgrass production has real potential to reduce insect, weed, and disease pressure in turfgrass lawns throughout the southeastern U.S. and dramatically change the way turfgrasses are produced and maintained. This should translate to significant reductions in pesticide use on the most ubiquitous vegetation type in urban and residential landscapes. "
Kentucky - With this award, as we are updating and translating of pesticide applicator training manuals into Spanish, we are also including a chapter on introducing them to IPM. Also as part of this grant we have begun developing a hands on matching activity that can be used during private applicator training that has them correctly ID pests by picture, then match them to their biology and common management tactics. This is being developed for corn, soy, alfalfa, vegetables, and honey bees.
Louisiana - We conducted multiple variety trials and provided multiple disease results to growers. Multiple fungicide seed treatment tests were performed. Multiple fungicide trials were performed. Results were provided to growers, agents, and consultants in a timely manner and in a form that was easily digestible.
Louisiana - Disease management in row crops is important for economic crop production. Collaborative efforts with other researchers (pathologist and breeders) in the United States have addressed Fusarium head blight in small grains. This research has provided a database for fungicide performance and genetic resistance. Promising fungicides and appropriate application timing has been identified. Genetic resistance to Fusarium graminearum has been introduced into commercial varieties.
Louisiana -The LSU AgCenter Plant Diagnostic Center has a positive impact on the constituents of Louisiana which is evident from the total number of physical samples, digital samples, phone inquiries and site visits. an increase in number of services provided indicates that more growers are taking advantage of the services provided by the LSU AgCenter PDC. During 2024, I trained 181 Master Gardeners in the areas of plant pathology and plant diagnostics with an emphasis on integrated pest management. Additionally, 18 extension seminars were delivered to 572 participants with disease identification and IPM of various horticulture commodities.
Louisiana - The North American Termite Survey is a working group, composed of extension and research structural entomologists from academia, government, and the pest management industry across 12 US states. Established in 2024, NATS focuses on promoting the preventative management of subterranean termites by developing training materials for pest management professionals (PMPs), and by producing an updated distribution map for the invasive Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus). So far, we have complied a historical distribution map for the Formosan subterranean termite, offered a training session with 1013 people in attendance with a pre/post assessment offered (N=647, 14% knowledge and confidence change). We are now implementing a termite alate survey with over 100 people signed up to participate. We are launching a webpage to host our resources and recruit others to the survey. A termite identification guide is also being produced.
Louisiana - My research program focused on several key rice industry issues in 2024. Fimbistylis littoralis is a difficult to control annual sedge species that has become problematic in Louisiana rice production over the past couple years. My program worked to identify several chemical control options that rice producers can utilize to control/suppress Fimbristylis in crop. Another topic of research that my program has focused on is how environmental conditions influence crop response in the provisia rice system. Research trials were implemented focusing on how overcast growing conditions prior to and after applications of quizalofop influence crop response in provisia rice. These trials were designed to aid rice producers in making decisions on when to make herbicide applications when they are facing adverse growing conditions.
Louisiana - The Davis Soybean Laboratory addresses insect pest issues in field and specialty crops. We focus on establishing and maintaining sustainable IPM programs to reduce grower costs and improve yields by utilizing biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools to regulate pest populations while minimizing environmental risks. We generate the necessary data on pest density, distribution and biology that is critical to improve an overall IPM program; locally, nationally, and internationally. The research we conduct is not done alone but in collaboration with interdisciplinary teams of departmental colleagues, researchers (entomologists, plant pathologists, agronomists, and weed scientists) and extension agents at universities and USDA-ARS research centers as well as private industry. This information forms the groundwork for the application of tools and tactics to predict and manipulate pest population dynamics.
Louisiana - "As an Extension Sugarcane Weed Scientist, I’m responsible for developing, coordinating, as well as conducting weed management educational programs for the Louisiana Sugarcane Industry. I work closely with sugarcane producers, extension agents, private crop consultants, and American Sugar Cane League personnel to address weed management issues. I use a multifaceted approach to deliver research based, weed management information to clientele. This is accomplished by face-to-face producer meetings, demonstrations at parish field days, in-service training for extension agents, news articles, email correspondence, phone calls, and social media. These efforts result in the adoption of recommended practices, thus enhancing economic stability. "
Louisiana - Integration of chemical and cultural practices are evaluated to manage the most common and troublesome weeds facing producers in NE Louisiana. These include stake seedbed systems and integration of cover crops and residual herbicides for the management of Italian ryegrass.
Louisiana - "Over the past year, I have engaged with over 800 producers, consultants, and extension agents across Louisiana through a series of talks and field schools, focused on identifying and managing insect pests of field crops. One notable impact was observed during the Field Crops Insect Scout Schools in Alexandria and Winnsboro, where participants reported a significant increase in their ability to identify and manage insect pests of field crops. This increase in knowledge can lead to improved insect pest management decisions. "
Mississippi - The sweetpotato grant is focused on reducing virus infection rates from aphids. Aphids rarely cause direct damage to sweetpotatoes, but can be the target of insecticide applications to try to reduce virus transmission. We tested cultural and chemical methods of aphid control. Unfortunately we did not identify any strategy that reduced virus infection rates. The impact of this research is that growers will not waste money on insecticide applications. However, they will need to continue to spend money on clean plants, because reinfection occurs rapidly.
Mississippi - "Because green industry associations in the state have dissappeared or reduced their activities, my contact with clients in the horticultural service industries (landscape maintenance, pest control, or tree services) has declined. A group of us, led by Dr. Layton, undertook to provide 1-3 training opportunities for these groups a year. Last year we provided two, free, day-long seminars, one each in north and south Mississippi. Turf diseases, weeds and insects were covered in the mornings and landscape pests in the afternoon. Pesticide certification credits were offered for a fee. In Oxford, enrollment was limited to 60. All registration slots were filled, and more than ten additional applicants were unable to register. Fifty-three pest control professionals participated on the day of the event, with ten of these needing re-certification credit in MS and ten receiving Tennessee CEU credits. Seven county extension agents attended the short course. In Hattiesburg, ninety registered but seventy-nine people attended. Thirty of these needed re-certification credit in MS (19 professional license and 11 commercial certificate). One person received recertification credit for Arkansas and one for Alabama. Seven county extension agents attended the short course. Summary: Attendees gave the short course high marks for quality, value, and benefit. Many verbally expressed their appreciation for having training that focused solely on their area of interest. Most of the participants were participating solely for the pest management training and not for recertification credit. This training fills a previously unmet need for focused, discipline specific turf and ornamental pest management training in Mississippi. The target audience for this training includes 345 professional license holders, 225 certified applicator certificate holders, sod farm, greenhouse and nursery producers, and a much larger number of other individuals, including county extension agents and employees of the above businesses and institutions, who work with turf and/or ornamental plants but do not maintain a professional license or certification."
Mississippi - There are numerous weeds that negatively impact specialty crops in Mississippi. Frequently encountered species include yellow and purple nutsedges, large crabgrass, spotted sandmat, groundcherry, goosegrass and several species of morningglories. Growers frequently request (via text or email) identification and control recommendations for problematic weeds in their specialty crops.
Mississippi - Mississippi is the second largest producer of sweetpotatoes in the US, with just over 30,000 acres in production. Meloidogyne enterolobii is an economically significant emerging pest of sweetpotato in the southeastern US and has become problematic in states where MS has sourced some of its seed potato stock. Between 2023 and 2024, the diagnostic lab assisted the MS Dept. of Agriculture in surveying the state for this pest by screening over 1000 soil samples from MS sweetpotato production fields for root-knot nematode. 12% of the samples contained root-knot nematode and extracted nematodes were forwarded to a USDA specialist for molecular identification to species. To date, M. enterolobii has not been detected in MS and efforts are focused on grower education and preventing its introduction into the state.
Mississippi - The Sustainable Home Lawn Management Program educates homeowners and lawn care professionals on best management practices to minimize environmental impact. Mississippi’s 300,000 acres of managed turf provide benefits such as erosion control, carbon sequestration, and reduced nutrient leaching, yet concerns remain about resource use and monoculture cultivation. This program, including the USDA-NIFA funded Refuge Lawn project, promotes sustainable practices through agent-led programming, specialist-delivered events, and online coursework. In 2024, over 300 professionals and 50 homeowners participated. Attendees gained knowledge on turf selection, soil fertility, pest management, and sustainable cultural practices. The most significant learning gains were in spreader and sprayer calibration. Participants reported improved understanding and a commitment to reducing irrigation water use and adjusting mowing heights for better lawn health. Homeowners in the program manage about 50 acres of turf, while professionals influence 6,000–12,000 acres. Economic benefits range from $300,000 to several million dollars. The program strengthens Mississippi State University's connection to communities by providing access to Extension resources, including soil testing and diagnostics labs. It fulfills MSU’s mission by supporting sustainable landscapes, benefiting the environment, and enhancing local culture.
Mississippi - Row crop (corn, cotton, rice, soybean, and wheat) diseases are an almost annual occurrence in Mississippi as a result of mostly warm and humid conditions. Managing row crop disease requires a multi-faceted approach that oftentimes includes cultivar selection and cultural or chemical control options to reduce the losses associated with disease. One example in MS, of the success of our IPM programming has been to convince soybean farmers to reduce the automatic fungicide applications throughout the state. Normally, soybean farmers make a fungicide application at the R3/R4 growth stage. Through our continued efforts, we estimate that over the past several years the number of farms that have made these automatic applications has decreased approximately 15%.
Mississippi - The Surveying Termite Diversity in the Southern US Working Group, now known as the "North American Termite Survey" (NATS) has been incredibly successful over the past year. Almost 40 collaborators representing 13 states and at least 20 institutions (academia, industry, state government) have been recruited to the group. Three subcommittees were formed, and we currently have developed a website https://termitesurvey.org/ an up-to-date distribution map of the Formosan subterranean termite https://www.eddmaps.org/distribution/uscounty.cfm?sub=4303 and are close to finalizing a training guide. We hosted a free webinar that >1,000 people attend, and we have recruited hundreds of citizen scientists to help with alate trapping this Spring. Results from this trapping and specimen submission program will allow the group to better communicate the distribution of this invasive and pestiferous termite species to stakeholders and the general public.
Mississippi - "The bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) can be a significant economic pest in cotton, primarily non-Bt cotton. The introduction of Bt-expressing cotton during the mid- to late 1990s led to decreased foliar insecticide applications to control budworms (Chloridea virescens) and bollworms. Advancements in Bt technology have led to “pyramiding” proteins, which increases the lethality and durability of traits. Currently, two and three-gene-expressing cotton varieties are commercially available. Due to resistance development, two-gene Bt cotton varieties often require supplemental foliar diamide applications, which are applied based on an egg lay threshold, to prevent significant yield losses. Inversely, three-gene Bt varieties do not require preemptive foliar insecticide applications because the Bt trait package still performs adequately. 3-gene cotton varieties are managed based on fruit damage percentages or live larvae. Many producers and agricultural consultants have questioned the value of treating 3-gene cotton varieties with diamides when a significant bollworm egg lay occurs. Some instances occur of 3-gene cotton varieties receiving diamide treatments when they are not warranted. Treating cotton for bollworms on an egg lay takes the difficulty out of scouting cotton for bollworms which contributes to the temptation to preemptively treat cotton for bollworms. In 2023, it was estimated that there were 530,000 acres of cotton planted. 100% of these acres are estimated to be Bt-expressing for the control of lepidopteran pests. 48% of these acres were 3-gene expressing acres. 3-gene expressing acres in 2024 is estimated to be even higher. If 48% of cotton acres were to receive unnecessary diamide applications for the control of bollworms, this would cost Mississippi cotton producers $5,851,200 assuming a cost of $16 an acre for a diamide insecticide and $7 an acre for application fees ($23.00 per acre application costs). Given the data generated by entomologists in Mississippi and across the midsouth, this $5.85 million in unnecessary applications would rarely provide a positive return."
North Carolina - The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been extensively used for research purposes in agricultural systems. However, adoption for extension purposes has been lagging. The present project conducted a series of workshops and direct trainings with county extension agents of the North Carolina State University Extension system. Over 25 agents were trained on how to use drones for image collection, diagnosis of crop biotic and abiotic stresses, and the federal and state regulations for UAVs. The trainings resulted in agents acquiring their drone pilot license and local extension offices and counties purchasing new and more sophisticated drones for increase the quality of the support to their stakeholders. Furthermore, the increase in use of UAVs by extension agents prompted the development of policies at the Extension System level to ensure safety and productivity.
North Carolina - The western flower (WFT) thrips is a serious pest of tomatoes in many areas of the southeastern US, largely due to insecticide-resistant populations. Severe populations on one farm in NC in 2022 led to 75% crop loss due to reduced quality of fruit and transmission of TSWV. Recent research identified alternative insecticides that along with reflective mulch greatly reduced the impact of WFT on commercial tomato production. Implementing results of this research in 2024, the same farm that experienced 75% crop loss due to WFT, had >90% marketable yields with with only 4% fruit damage by WFT and <1% TSWV.
North Carolina - "Field crops are major agricultural commodities in North Carolina, with tobacco, corn, and cotton among the top four commodities in North Carolina. North Carolina is the top producer of tobacco in the United States. Issue Diseases, such as black shank, Granville wilt, and target spot have been major yield-limiting diseases in North Carolina tobacco. In 2021, severe outbreaks of target spot (Rhizoctonia solani) led to yield losses of up to 25%, estimating to more than $34 million (source: Matthew Vann). Action Since 2023, I have led projects aimed at screening fungicide active ingredients for control of target spot and black shank. This research demonstrated the effect of preventative timing and proper rates on the efficacy of available registered and new non-registered fungicides. I have shared this information through the online NC State extension portal, emails, and winter meetings. Additionally, I have updated tobacco disease management guides, pages, and factsheets that have not been updated in over 5-10 years with current, research-based information. Impact The data collected and disseminated on currently registered products have improved grower and agent knowledge on effective treatment protocols and increased grower confidence in available fungicide products, which can lead to yield increases of 5% and revenue of up to $165 per acre for growers with target spot problems and yield increases of 40% for growers with black shank problems. Issue In 2022, corn diseases led to a 3.9% loss of potential yield, which estimated over $29M in losses for North Carolina corn growers. In 2022, cotton diseases led to a 12.1% loss of potential yield, estimated at over $60M in losses for North Carolina cotton growers. (source: Crop Protection Network Yield Loss Calculator). Information about corn, cotton, and tobacco disease management has been limited for the North Carolina stakeholders experiencing significant yield losses. Action Since 2024, I have collaborated with the Official Variety Trial programs run by the corn and cotton agronomy teams to lead a project to screen varieties for disease susceptibility. I also led projects to assess fungicide active ingredients for control of foliar diseases in corn and cotton. Additionally, I have written and updated the corn disease management pages and factsheets that have not been updated in 3-5 years. I also created a new “Cotton Disease Management” page on the Extension Portal to consolidate and write cotton disease management resources, to include recent, unbiased, and accurate data for management of major yield-limiting diseases in North Carolina. Impact I have successfully built collaborative relationships which enable me to seamlessly build upon the foundation of existing programs, ensuring continuity and maximizing impact to stakeholders. Additionally the updates and promotion of the extension pages and factsheets has significantly increased visibility and use of these resources. Site visits of the “Corn Disease Management” increased by 58% (source: Extension portal analytics). "
North Carolina - The Pest Management Strategic Plan (PMSP) for Strawberry in the Southeast addresses key pest challenges impacting strawberry production, ensuring sustainable and effective management practices. It was developed through collaborative workshops held in November 2023 and January 2024, involving over 55 stakeholders, including growers, extension specialists, and industry representatives from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The PMSP has identified critical pest concerns and developed targeted strategies to improve IPM. The PMSP has facilitated increased grower awareness of biological control options, insect, mite, and disease challenges and priorities in the region. For instance, most growers were concerned about Neopestalotiopsis management and chilli thrips establishment status. This strategic plan serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders, promoting sustainable and effective pest management practices across the southeastern United States, and also serves as an update resource for the scientific community and regulatory representatives to focused their efforts to better support strawberry production in the region.
North Carolina - Herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth and Italian ryegrass were marked and novel resistance were identified. Additionally novel management options utilizing integrated weed management practices were identified through research projects and information was disseminated to growers through extension channels. Herbicide resistant goosegrass was also identified in North Carolina.
Oklahoma - "Alfalfa Weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), is the most important insect pest of alfalfa in Oklahoma. Alfalfa weevils are a perennial problem that can cause severe yield and stand losses on alfalfa by defoliation, chlorosis, and subsequent necrosis of alfalfa leaves. Current research has provided evidence that alfalfa weevil insecticide resistance (specifically a.i., lambda cyhalothrin) is occurring in Oklahoma. Initial data (2023), as compared to other alfalfa producing states in the region, have indicated cross-resistance to other pyrethroids as well. Alfalfa U program. Alfalfa Weevil Management in Oklahoma. 150 attendees. Alfalfa growers, retailers, and consultants in key alfalfa growing regions throughout the central Great Plains. 75% of respondents stated they have seen alfalfa weevil insecticide resistance. 100% were interested in additional information and educational programming in this area. 80% say they will adopt some form of resistance management that was discussed "
Oklahoma - "The OSU Field Crop Entomology lab has been actively engaging field and row crop growers in understanding IPM strategies, prioritizing the need for valuing natural control, selecting target specific insecticides when warranted, and rotating insecticide use to limit insecticide resistance development. At each meeting and field demonstration growers were asked the frequency at which they sprayed insecticides in their operation, over 55% of respondents stated they apply at least one insecticide in a growing season. The respondents’ insecticides of choice included several broad-spectrum insecticides, and some that are facing cancellation or tighter regulations by the EPA in response to the Endangered Species Act. This information will be used to develop future programming promoting selective insecticides, identifying beneficial insects, and educating growers on changes to insecticide use and guidelines for implementing economic thresholds. Future efforts will focus on assessing the grower knowledge regarding beneficial insects, selective insecticides, and their willingness to account for natural control populations when making insecticide application decisions."
Oklahoma - "The following is information over horn fly insecticide resistance management and how to properly rotate tags each year. • Begin horn fly control procedures in the spring when cattle average approximately 200 horn flies. • If ear tags are used, the insecticide classes must be rotated. Do not use a pyrethroid ear tag more than once every three years. Do not use an organophosphate ear tag more than two years in succession. Continuous use of ear tags in the same insecticide class will eventually result in horn fly resistance. • Remove ear tags at the end of the fly season or when they lose their effectiveness. Do not tag cattle more than once per fly season, regardless of insecticide class. • Pyrethroid Tags should be used NO more than once every three years • Organophosphate Tags should not use more than two years in a row • What animals should receive tags? YES: Heifers, Cows and Weaned Calves, NO : Bulls and Calves still on their mother These best management practices are being implemented by producers at an increasing rate. "
Oklahoma - Wheat is the most important food crop globally. However, its production is dramatically decreased due to multiple diseases. Disease yield losses negatively impact wheat producers and consumers. The development of disease-resistant varieties is the preferred and most sustainable management approach. Our research at Oklahoma State University (OSU) aims to identify sources of disease resistance and help the wheat breeding program release disease-resistant varieties adapted to Oklahoma and the Southern Great Plains. In 2024, our lab provided disease ratings for 1,085 OSU breeding lines. We contributed to the release of a new wheat cultivar named “Scab Stryker” adapted to Oklahoma areas prone to Fusarium head blight. Our lab research focuses on the identification of disease resistance/susceptibility genes in contemporary US hard winter wheat. This speeds breeding for disease-resistant varieties using marker-assisted selection. Breeding for resistance to wheat diseases is not a simple endeavor and if a disease susceptible variety is grown, producers need to apply fungicides to protect yield potential. To update fungicide recommendations, we conducted foliar fungicide trials in Stillwater, OK. We also provided real-time information (five pest-alerts) to growers about disease situations and risks in Oklahoma. These disease updates helped growers deploy timely fungicide applications to control stripe rust that was early in the season and severe in 2024. Furthermore, in 2024, I generated a fact sheet, a current report, 3 newsletters/journal articles, 3 extension videos, 2 fungicide trial reports, and three extension presentations and training. We disseminated information to growers and county educators through mass media and social media to educate them about wheat disease diagnosis and integrated disease management.
Oklahoma - "Extension personnel have provided the needed training to keep fumigators, stored grain facility operators and employees, and the public safe from potentially deadly insecticides used in protecting stored grain from insect damage. By keeping grain protected from pest insects, this helps ensure adequate supplies of grain for human and animal consumption which ultimately helps keep our food costs relatively low in the U.S. Through our Fumigation Practicals, in which I assisted, eight new people became certified in the safe use of fumigants in Oklahoma. Comments about impact from participants at the Fumigation Workshop included: 1) helps me understand what the products are and how to use them, 2) start doing a bump test, 3) change our SOPs, 4) different choices for insect control, 5) better bin treatment, 6) treat wheat better, 7) change our application procedures, 8) improve our grain quality, 9) better bin preparation for fumigation, and 10) improve our safety procedures. Comments from members of Class XXI about the benefits and value of the OALP: I learned about the diversity of agriculture in Oklahoma. It provides great networking opportunities, especially with class members and alumni. The importance of telling the agricultural story. This program has made me a better extension educator. "
Oklahoma - "Pecan scab is the major disease affecting the multimillion-dollar pecan industry in the country. However, pecan scab is poorly characterized in the state and information of fungicide sensitivities and efficacy is lacking. The emergence of new pecan problems needs to be proactively managed to prevent spread. The OSU pecan team has been actively engaged in understanding pecan disease problems and developing diagnostics and fungicide regimen for disease management. Similarly, grapevines are susceptible to multiple diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria and nematodes. Disease management in grapevine production is a multimillion-dollar endeavor if not properly addressed. In collaboration with the OGIC, the OSU grape team has responded to multiple disease problems to diagnose and develop management response to identified disease problems, helping to sustain the rising interest in grape culture in Oklahoma. Early identification of crown gall in a vineyard led to a cost-free replacement of seedlings by the seedling company, saving the grower time, labor and further costs in a potentially non-profitable production. More than eighty percent (80%) of vineyard owners surveyed reported increased grape yield in 2024. In collaboration with PDIDL, the program contributed to saving a cut flower facility that serves Oklahoma, neighboring states and national gardens with diverse chrysanthemum varieties. Similarly, the identification of the cause of stunting and wilting in a Christmas tree producing field in the state led to early decision making to discontinue production in the same location. "
Oklahoma - The Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP): teaching, training, and outreach impacts thousands of private, commercial, and non-commercial pesticide applicators, Master Gardeners, Native American Tribal members, government workers, Oklahoma citizens, and citizens of contiguous states. This program also enhances the success of commercial and non-commercial pest control operations. The end result of this programming is conscientious responsible use of pesticides for household, agricultural, urban, and structural insect pests and a reduction in pesticide misuse and environmental pollution. This program also enhances the success of commercial and non-commercial pest control companies and operations.
Oklahoma - Over 45,000 livestock producers across the state contribute over $6.3B to the Oklahoma economy annually. Numerous pest species, including flies, beetles, mites, and ticks, cost billions of dollars annually to manage, and result in additional financial losses due to decreased performance metrics such as weight gain, milk output, or egg production. Extension programs I have participated in resulted in presentations to over 700 individuals, a newsletter article distributed to over 800 readers, a magazine article with a readership of over 250,000, and YouTube videos viewed nearly 1000 times. After presentations, producers were surveyed to assess their needs regarding pest management and knowledge gain from the material presented. Cattle producers indicated that flies and ticks were their biggest concern, and 83% of poultry producers indicated that flies were their biggest pest issue. Poultry producers indicated learning new information about pestiferous mites and that certain fly species were considered beneficial (as biological control agents or decomposers of manure), while many groups (County Educators, and beef and poultry producers) indicated learning new information on the importance of chemical class rotation to prevent the development of resistance to insecticides. Backyard poultry represents a rapidly growing and significant market (an estimated 50k-130k Oklahoma households) for Extension education that lies at the intersection of public health, animal health, sustainability, and biosecurity. Providing science-based information on integrated pest management to all Oklahoma livestock producers, no matter how big or small the operation, will reduce the amount of money producers spend on pesticides, the number of pesticide applications made, the likelihood of pest populations developing resistance, and positively benefit the environment and the Oklahoma economy.
Oklahoma - In the past year, I facilitated in-person programming efforts in the area of external and internal parasite management control in 6 counties. I also provided two newspaper/newsletter articles that were offered to all counties in NW OK for distribution as well as in the Enid News and Eagle Newspaper which reaches 10,000+ readers in NW Oklahoma.
Oklahoma - 101 certified applicators earned CEUs in Texas County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma - The cotton extension program focuses on applied cotton research both on farm and on research stations. Our main focus is cotton variety selection, however we also conduct cotton weed science and physiology trials.
Oklahoma - Oklahoma cotton producers face many pest issues. Herbicide-resistance, insect pests, and nematodes can result in losses for cotton growers. Identification of nematodes has provided an awareness of nematode issues to cotton producers in Oklahoma and sparked some management tactics. Evaluation of herbicide systems has provided information to cotton producers on herbicide-resistance management and helped identify effective herbicide strategies. Evaluation of new insect management technologies has provided education to grower on the benefits and implementation of Thryvon technology. Information was dispersed to growers and consultants through field days, newsletters, grower meetings, and professional presentations.
Oklahoma - "Herbicide-resistant weeds pose a significant challenge to wheat production in Oklahoma, threatening yield and profitability for growers. Over the past year, our project conducted systematic field surveys across 33 major wheat-growing counties, documenting weed prevalence and collecting seed samples for herbicide resistance screening. A total of 260 samples from key weed species, including Italian ryegrass and multiple Bromus species, were collected and tested. Preliminary results revealed alarming resistance levels in Italian ryegrass—24% of samples were resistant to quizalofop, 59% to imazamox, and 11% to glyphosate. These findings confirm the growing challenge of herbicide resistance and highlight the need for diversified weed management strategies. Results were shared through extension meetings, winter crop schools, and commodity board presentations, equipping farmers with critical knowledge to adapt their weed control practices. Additionally, a graduate student engaged in the project presented findings at professional conferences, contributing to scientific discussions on sustainable weed management. By identifying herbicide resistance patterns and increasing awareness among stakeholders, this project is helping Oklahoma wheat growers make informed decisions to protect their crops and sustain production for the future."
Oklahoma - The Oklahoma State University Turf-bermudagrass development team continued screening of internal experimental lines as well as industry experimental and commercial lines during the past year. We released two promising hybrid bermudagrass lines that await commercial licensing. The lines haven't received registered trademarks as yet. Improved turf-type bermudagrasses have improved environmental stress resistance and maintain increased shoot density under drought and winter stress. Increased retained living cover and shoot density reduces germination of weed species in the turf and thus reduces turfgrass quality reduction and reduces but does not eliminate the need for herbicide use for weed control. Continued screening for general field adaptation of St. Augustinegrass, zoysiagrass, Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue was also continued in cooperation with industry and university breeders across the US. We expect similar positive impacts in these turfgrass species in the futre.
Oklahoma - The OSU Extension Private Pesticide Applicator Continuing Education team was formed to meet a critical need for ag clientele within Oklahoma. A total of 13 “live broadcast” educational events have been offered totaling 61 hours of CEU’s, hosted by 74 county extension offices. Based on data collected from 31 counties, the average education provided per individual event was 42 attendee hours. Extrapolating this actual attendance data to the remainder of the state, indicates that these live broadcast trainings would have provided 40,404 attendee hours over the last two years. At a conservative $25 per hour course value (as charged by online vendors), this program would have a $1.01 million savings to Oklahoma ag clientele yet was provided free of charge through local OSU Extension offices. This successful program is an example of what OSU Extension does best, a dedicated group of State, Area and County personnel working in unison to fulfill the needs of OSU Extension clientele.
Oklahoma - The vegetable extension team at Oklahoma State University is working to understand the impact of cucurbit vine borers and squash bugs and the diseases they vector such as Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease. We aim to identify pests across the state, understand epidemiology, evaluate resistant cultivars, and record efficacy of different IPM, including chemical, strategies for the watermelon and zucchini producers across the state.
Puerto Rico - "THE NEED IPM issues throughout the Caribbean region need to be part of the on-going recovery from storms, and rebuilding of agriculture. Pest/disease control issues, cost and availability of agricultural inputs and lack of IPM strategy knowledge is a challenge to pesticides are used extensively for control of agricultural and backyard pests in the Caribbean region. THE APPROACH Our project united and increased exchange between PR and UVI, engaging ornamental growers, small farmers, backyard gardeners, community members and livestock and forage crops owners in best management practices and IPM methods for reducing disease-pest incidence, favoring beneficial organisms and increasing yield and income through trainings, Extension bulletins, descriptive comic and cartoon booklets, pocket field guides, audio and visual message clips and posters, promoting the implementation of reduced-risk practices and the protection of pollinators. IMPACTS Specialty Crops: IPM in roots and tubers in Puerto Rico - An educational campaign among elemental schools and communities was developed with the support of the Extension Agents. Field days were conducted throughout Puerto Rico, focusing on providing knowledge and skills to youth, leaders and parents about root crops as superfoods and resilient crops, with emphasis on the nutritional value and IPM. Pocket IPM guides were produced for sweetpotato, tanier and yam. More than 500 hundred persons increased their knowledge in the identification of common pests, IPM practices and nutritional properties of root crops. The trainings and educational materials were shared with UVI farmers through conferences, visits and posting the information in. the IPM webpage (www.uprm.edu/sea/mip/). About 35 elemental schools received education on root crops. Also, field days and visits of Extension Agents to root and tuber crops farmers reported an increase of 50% in the number of growers that implement at least 3 IPM practices in their farms, including the use of clean seed, weed control and pest and disease monitoring. "
South Carolina - The SC CPPM-EIP continues to address critical, stakeholder identified needs in IPM, with a goal of increasing knowledge and capabilities of SC producers and pest managers to adopt cost-effective and environmentally sound IPM practices. The project provides support for IPM Extension programs in agronomic and specialty crops, in addition to pollinator health. As an example, a successful vegetable IPM training program has focused on weed and herbicide injury identification. A comprehensive mobile weed ID garden was used at a number of locations for grower and county agent trainings. Photos of these weeds, in different developmental stages, have also been uploaded to an Extension website. Efforts have also led to updates to two MyIPM smartphone apps (Fruit and Nut; Row Crops), in addition to initiating efforts to develop a new version of the app for Turfgrass and Ornamental pests and diseases. These apps are frequently used by growers, county agents, and specialists as they provide a wealth of IPM information at their fingertips to support the adoption of more sustainable and effective practices.
South Carolina - Arthropod management in vegetables and small fruits relies heavily on insecticides. An alternative approach is habitat management that reduces pest pressure and enhances beneficial insect species. Several research projects are underway to determine which non-crop 'insectary' plants provide the best benefits to beneficials, as well as the optimal spatial deployment in both large and small farms. Additional research is evaluating novel tactics for managing spider mites in tomatoes, watermelons, and strawberries. These are all new projects and upon their completion potential impacts, recommendations, and economic benefits will be determined.
South Carolina - The 2024 peach season saw a relatively large crop load, which led to several problems from tree-attacking and fruit-attacking insect pests. Two of our continued key insect pests of Georgia peach production is the San Jose scale (SJS) and peachtree borer (PTB). With the ensuing loss of the broad-spectrum insecticide chlorpyrifos, additional management options for scale and borers are needed. Separate mating disruption trials for SJS and PTB showed promising results, demonstrating its effectiveness compared to chemical alternatives. Additionally, with the heavy fruit set, we also saw an increase in pressure from the fruit-attacking weevil, the plum curculio (PC). Improved application timing and a potentially new insecticide will hopefully help maintain our effective management program for this destructive pest. Furthermore, the UGA Peach Entomology Lab in collaboration with Clemson University and seven other institutions has updated and promoted the MyIPM smartphone application. The app is annually updated to provide a supplement to management guides that is always available to users and delivers current and relevant pest management information to producers growing fruit in an ever-changing environment.
South Carolina - Stakeholders received copious amounts of information from research trials delivered via newsletters, text alerts with audio recordings, posts on social media, in-person workshops, county production Extension meetings, farm visits, and other outlets.
South Carolina - Weed resistance to herbicides is a major problem in agronomic crop production. This project seeks to address this problem through evaluation of alternative practices to minimize the development of resistance. For example, cover crop trials conducted at the Clemson University Edisto Research and Education center in peanut showed a 60% decrease in Texas panicum emergence compared to no-cover crop plots. This reduced incidence of weed emergence resulted in fewer plants to spray with in-season herbicides and lessened the chance of resistance development. This preserved the utility of herbicides in the future and also decreased the need for subsequent applications.
South Carolina - Soilborne pathogens of amenity turfgrasses are one of the leading causes of turfgrass decline in the southeastern US. Grasses managed in the region are subject to fungal, oomycete, and nematode pathogens which in some cases can work to together to degrade turfgrass root systems. Our work seeks to understand the role of cultural practices that enhance physical, chemical, and biological properties of the root zone to thereby reduce turfgrass loss from these pathogens. We also examine pesticide inputs for proper selection of active ingredients that target soilborne pathogens and how timing of application within a given season can influence disease severity. Amenity turfgrasses are often evaluated based on their specific use (i.e., landscape, sports field, golf course, etc.) meaning that aesthetics and utility (sports and/or leisure)of the turf surface play a role. Our ultimate goal is to assist managers in producing beautiful and functional turfgrass sites in a safe and sustainable manner.
Tennessee - Private applicators are required to attend training sessions and pass exams offered by Tennessee's Extension Service prior to obtaining a state pesticide applicator certification card. Training provided reviews pesticide safety, pest control and integrated pest management tactics. Obtaining a certification card allows producers to purchase and use restricted use pesticides which are commonly needed to manage pest levels and lowering losses caused by these pests. Training offered to commercial pesticide applicators is optional, however 1,,273 individuals attended training to help prepare them for initial certification exams and 51 individuals attended licensing training to help prepare them for licensing exams. Training provided to commercial applicators reviews the concepts of integrated pest management, which helps reduce unwarranted applications of pesticides as well as provides applicators a greater knowledge of pest control tacticsthat are not chemically based, therefore reducing potential negative impacts on human health and/or the environment. Approximately 1,759 row crop producers attended Dicamba and/or Paraquat certificate training programs which included information concerning safety and integrated pest management. These two training programs were required to use over-the-top dicamba products or products which contained paraquat.
Tennessee - A collaboration of 36 urban entomologists, pest management professionals (PMPs), diagnosticians, psychiatrists, psychologist, and a medical doctor from 12 southern states trained nonhealthcare professionals to assist individuals with suspected delusional infestation (DI). Delusional infestation occurs when a person falsely believes that insects or other parasites are infesting them or their environment, although evidence is lacking. Extension agents and PMPs working with suspected DI individuals are frustrated with their inability to help these individuals whom they spend more time with than general inquiries. The Southern Region Delusional Infestation Working Group developed publications and a presentation on DI. Results from the 688 Extension agents and PMPs trained in 29 presentations in 10 southern states to work with suspected DI individuals indicate 90% of these professionals understand the condition of DI and their responsibility in assisting those suspected as having this condition. The most substantial takeaway from our training is that 82% of these nonhealthcare professionals are confident or extremely confident in safely assisting individuals with suspected DI. Now that these professionals have the resources and confidence to work with suspected DI individuals, our next step will create networks of medical professionals and pest management professionals/Extension agents to help these individuals reach remission.
Tennessee - In 2024, we conducted 41 field and laboratory trials evaluating insecticides, transgenic events and germplasm for efficacy/resistance to insect pests of corn, cotton, soybean and grain sorghum. A significant portion of our research efforts go towards updating PB 1928, the University of Tennessee’s Insect Control Guide. We made changes to the guide based on research conducted in 2024. This guide is widely used by consultants and growers to aid them in insect management decision making.
Tennessee - "My program focuses on the major disease problems in Tennessee row-crop production with substantial efforts in soybean, corn, cotton, and wheat. Significant activities include meeting and developing strong relationships with county agents, Tennessee farmers, extension and research colleagues, consultants, industry and other agricultural professionals, as well as posting news articles on the utcrops.com blog, popular press articles, research articles, and participating in in-service and county meetings - providing disease identification and management information. I continue to evaluate and publish CST soybean varieties for disease, response to fungicide, and yield, as well as variety by fungicide product trial summaries. These data in soybean and similar data in other cropping systems are used to generate presentations for Extension training (in-service, grain conferences, county production meetings, etc.) and contribute to and develop multi-state research projects. These data are continually being provided in a more user-friendly manner, for example variety information is going into a searchable database (search.utcrops.com) that combines multiple UT researchers' data and another example is the mobile-friendly field guide (guide.utcrops.com) that houses images, descriptions, and management options across crops for diseases and insects. I also continue to provide hands on training and showcase my research trials to clients with the Soybean Disease Field Day at the Research and Education Center at Milan that I organize annually, as well as participate in other field days and training, such as the soybean scout schools and cotton scout school. Over 2,000 agricultural clients were directly trained in disease management strategies for field crops at various production meetings, including over 150 individuals trained at cotton or soybean scout schools and soybean field day. Over 10,000 direct client contacts via individual visits, telephone conversations and email. Indirect contacts resulting for news articles and other publications exceeded 450,000. Over 50 clients viewed test plots and demonstration of IPM control tactics, and results of many experiments were published on the internet for public access. Savings to row crops producers in Tennessee via reduced fungicide costs and yield loss in field crops due to their increased understand of disease management strategies are conservatively estimated at greater than $2,600,000 in 2024. "
Tennessee - "A New IPM Working Group to Address Spotted Lanternfly Problems in Specialty Crops in the Southeastern US was formed through SIPMC to prioritize research and extension efforts pertaining to biology, ecology and management of SLF in the Southeastern US. As spotted lanternfly continues to spread in the south, the main goals were to identify research and Extension priorities that most benefit the growers in the southeastern region, to organize a SLF educational meeting, and to produce collaborative research and outreach products and grant proposals. As of now, the SLF working group have members from Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina representing academia, government, and private industry, Extension agents, involved with research, production, Extension/outreach, and regulation. Since initiation, the working group met periodically and a pre – meeting was organized through zoom prior to the in person meeting to finalize the priorities. On September 5, 2024, a SLF working group meeting was organized at the central region Extension office, University of Tennessee. A total of 31 participants (in person and zoom) including researchers, extension agents, plant inspectors (TDA), entomologists, vineyard manager and industry personals were part of the meeting. The group ranked research and extension priorities during the meeting and an online survey was developed with similar objectives to get stakeholder responses. "
Texas - "2024 was a year of reacting to emerging issues. I participated in the response effort to southwestern corn borer resistance to Cry Bt toxins in NM, and I participated in the response to the red flour beetle outbreak in Socorro, San Elizario, Fabens etc. south of El Paso. Both of these efforts involved multiple extension entomologists. I also assisted with our response to emerald ash borer, and I posted a 13-unit agent training on corn entomology. I also assisted other extension entomologists with research in monitoring for Bt resistance in both cotton bollworm (ABSTC) and a sentinel plot trial for detecting resistance in SWCB. I also participated in the corn earworm/Bt resistance screening program in sweet corn as part of an unfunded multistate project. This year I expanded the program to two locations. "
Texas - "PowerPoint presentations, posters and newsletters were developed and shared in several outreach programs regionally, statewide and nationally. Based on “IPM Seminar: Program Evaluation” from 12 respondents • 100% responded to understand the educational material • 100% indicated that they will adopt the pest management practices • 91.7% indicated that the program increased their understanding on European pepper moth identification, injury pattern and monitoring program"
Texas - "A community wide fire ant management program was organized beginning in 2005 for the residents of Wood Glen in Round Rock (Williamson County). Initially, Extension provided baiting for front yards and common areas within the neighborhood during spring and fall baiting seasons. The program has evolved to having common areas and front yards baited by a hired pest management company that is paid through HOA yearly dues and AgriLife Extension provides educational days and monitoring of fire ant activity. Fire ant activity is monitored within the neighborhood along with an untreated area outside the neighborhood to serve as a control. These areas are monitored for mounds and fire ant foraging four times each year- before and after each baiting period. Survey respondents have participated in the community wide program for a mean of 15 years while having a mean time of living in the neighborhood of 10 years. Given a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is little to no knowledge and 5 is expert knowledge on fire ant management strategies, respondents gave a mean of 2 before the program and a mean of 4 after the program implementation. Money spent on red imported fire ant control was reduced by $10 per person Before program mean of $25 spent After program mean of $10 spent Pesticide reduction targeting fire ants of 73%"
Texas - "Cotton Scouting Schools Program participants included scouts (16), agricultural producers (69), Agri-industry personnel (36) and AgriLife Extension County Agents (7). Based on survey results from 136 respondents. The respondents represented approximately 453,000 acres of cotton. Increases in knowledge • 75% increase in insect pest identification. • 73% increase in beneficial insect identification. • 71% increase in understanding AgriLife recommended IPM practices. • 75% increase in understanding insect pest damage in cotton. • 71% increase in understanding cotton growth stages and development. • 77% indicated they would adopt AgriLife scouting procedures. • 80% indicated they would adopt AgriLife IPM practices. • 86% indicated they would refer to AgriLife cotton pest management guide for information. Pesticide reduction • 37% of respondents anticipated a reduction in pesticide use based on their learnings. Value • 57% of respondents anticipated benefiting $1-$10/acre. • 23% of respondents anticipated benefiting $11-$30/acre. • 10% of respondents anticipated benefiting > $30/acre. • On average the anticipated benefit was $13.35/acre. • Total value of the program was estimated at over 6 million. "
Texas - The Texas Plant Clinics continues to provide diagnostic and detection services in support of county agents, growers and other industry professional with confirmatory diagnostics and management guidance on plant disease issues to allow for proper selection of management methods to increase effectiveness and success in control of disease issues in the cropping/planting system. Due to the varied clientele, economic impacts (saving) generated by accurate diagnosis is difficult to ascertain. Nonetheless, it is generally accepted that the service we provide helps to reduce cost associated with management practices and may include unrealized benefits such as maintained aesthetics and reduction of reliance on chemicals.
Texas - 90 % of pecan growers have adopted IPM practices
Texas - "Texas is a highly diverse state with vast rural and metropolitan areas. As of 2024, Texas had 4 of the top 10 largest cities in the U.S. Approximately, 24 million people, ~85% of Texas’ population, are in urban areas. Because more than 50% of insecticide use in the U.S. occurs in home gardens and landscapes, educating urban populations on how to practice IPM in their homes, gardens and yards is vitally important. Few people understand that most insects found in our gardens and yards are not harmful, but either beneficial or neutral. Increasing awareness of beneficial insects and educating homeowners on IPM practices in the landscape is necessary to reduce unnecessary use of pesticides and prevent negative effects on humans, animals, beneficial insects, and the environment. The urban IPM team works with a variety of stakeholders to deliver quality educational sessions and help others understand the importance of integrated pest management. The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service celebrated more than 8,000 volunteers in its Texas Master Gardener program during April 2024, National Volunteer Month, by showing appreciation for their hard work and service. The Texas Master Gardener program is one of the agency’s four statewide volunteer programs and continues to grow each year. The effort of the Texas IPM Program on this outreach is part of the work our team does to help educate these volunteers about IPM and pesticide safety. "
Texas - "Plant-parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens are major threats to agronomic crops in Texas, causing significant yield losses. In my first year as a professor, I collaborated with research and extension specialists to advance integrated disease and nematode management strategies. Through collaborative field trials, including the RACE trials for root-knot nematode (RKN) and Verticillium wilt, and additional research on reniform nematode (RN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV), we evaluated resistant cultivars and nematicide treatments under real-world conditions. These collaborations provided critical data on effective management strategies, supporting extension efforts to educate growers and consultants. By participating in field days, extension meetings, and stakeholder discussions, I helped communicate research findings and increase awareness of integrated disease management approaches. This has led to a greater interest in resistant cultivars and non-chemical control strategies among growers. Moving forward, I will expand my independent research program while strengthening partnerships to develop sustainable solutions for managing plant-parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens in Texas crops."
Texas - The Field Crop IPM Extension program at Corpus Christi Texas attends producers of several crops such as cotton, sorghum, corn, and pastures. It also includes a clientele of grain handlers, master gardeners, and horticulturist enthusiasts. Extension Educational content is designed and delivered to these stakeholders with the help of County Extension agents, who identify the clientele's needs beforehand and organize county and/or multi-county level programs to address such needs through education. In these programs, clientele answer surveys to capture metrics of knowledge gain, behavioral change, and adoption rates before and after the content is delivered. Based on recent surveys, 90% of the participants report knowledge gains and identify the content received as leading to savings or economic gains. However, some recommended practices are being adopted by 50% of the clientele. In the future, we plan to capture why despite clientele identified value in the content, it does not translate into higher adoption rates.
Virginia - Feedback from 271 commercial growers in Virginia indicated that 50% reduced their pesticide use, 70% improved crop quality, 40% increased profitability, and 88% gained a better understanding of their pest problems based on information provided through our project. Similarly, feedback from 181 home growers showed that 40% reduced their pesticide use, 83% gained a better understanding of their pest problems, and 61% were able to prevent similar pest issues in the future using the information we provided. Finally, feedback from 116 commercial service professionals revealed that 50% reduced their pesticide use, while 75% enhanced their knowledge of pest problems and pesticide control options based on our project's information.
Virginia - "1. Fire blight: multiple new options for control were evaluated. We evaluated biofilm degrading enzymes (ABE) in 2024 for control of bloccom blights and we got excellent results: one to two spray applicaitons of 1 g of ABE per liter of water gave 54.3% - 65.4% control of blossom blight incidence. The same treatments gave 61% - 69.7% control of shoot blight incidence. We presented ABE blossom blight control results to the growers at the organized, advertised and held two bilingual Workshops workshop in Central Point Oregon at the 2024 Field Day, on 18 July 2024, and then in Winchester, VA. 2. Apple Bitter Rot We conducted three years of fungicide and biorational material efficacy trials with the same materials in the first two years and new materials and treatments in the third year (different rate per acre). We repeated fungicide trial in year two (10 treatments) in year three. Each treatment except one in these trials contains a single fungicide active ingredient. The three-year repetition results and single active ingredient applications throughout the summer gave us reliable results in year-to-year efficacy consistency of specific synthetic and bio-rational fungicides. This is a key step in progress towards determining new fungicides with alternative modes of action to strobilurin and aforementioned contact fungicides with natural and synthetic properties. We found one medium-effective biorational material mixture, one new biorational material that was effective, and four highly effective new synthetic fungicides with modes of action different from strobilurin fungicides. We will continue this work for two more years to find alternative chemistries that are effective against apple bitter rot and to determine ways how to best incorporate them in the summer bitter rot spray programs for growers."
Virginia - We conducted proof-of-concept research on the use of protective materials to provide physical barriers for grapes. We tested fruit bags and fruit-zone plastic shelters in different styles. We observed a significant reduction in early and late-season fruit rots (black rot, ripe rot, and sour rot), most likely due to the dried environment provided by the shelters. We also noted a significant reduction in bird damage. With the damage reductions, one of the sites showed a 700% increase in yield under the protection. We presented at various extension meetings and other outlets. At least three commercial productions and one private party indicated that they implemented one of the methods and were very happy with the results. We are hoping to see if we can combine it with a reduced pesticide application to show it can provide healthy fruits with less pesticide input while improving disease management.
Virginia - Spotted lanternfly is an invasive pest currently moving through the stage. It poses a major threat to our wine grape industry. It also threatens the forest industry, and will be a pest of residential areas. This insect features prominently in my teaching, research and extension programs. In class it is the subject of control and regulatory information, as well as issues of invasive pest biology and eradication efforts. In my research program it is the subject of research on use of an entomopathogen to provide an organically acceptable control tool, as well as potential ovicides (this insect is in the egg stage for about 8 months, and could be an available window for control that would not disrupt beneficial species). We also are documenting the spread through the state to better inform extension programming. SLF features in my extension work in discussion of least disruptive management at both vineyard and landscape scales. I incorporate various aspects of spotted lanternfly spread, ecology and management into my graduate and undergraduate IPM courses.
Virginia - Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is the most important virus affecting small grains worldwide. The virus is transmitted by several cereal aphids and can cause losses that are often between 10 and 30%. BYDV has had a wide presence in Virginia wheat in recent years; however, our management recommendations for the region are a couple of decades old. We are now re-evaluating several management practices (including planting dates, neonicotinoid seed treatments, and foliar sprays) to reduce losses in small grains; economic analysis will determine the profitability of each approach and combination of approaches. This project can potentially save an estimated $20M in losses in wheat production to BYDV across the state.