OLD SERA48: Turf

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[11/22/2019] [07/25/2020] [11/27/2023] [12/19/2023]

Date of Annual Report: 11/22/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/20/2019 - 06/21/2019
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2019 - 12/31/2019

Participants

Participants: Wherley, Ben (Chair) (b-wherley@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University
Dale, Adam (Vice Chair) (agdale@ufl.edu) - University of Florida
Stewart, Barry (Secretary) (BaStewar@pss.msstate.edu) - Mississippi State University
Moss, Justin (mossjq@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State University,
Charles Fontanier (Charles.fontanier@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State University
Unruh, J. Bryan (jbu@ufl.edu) - University of Florida
Waltz, Clint (cwaltz@uga.edu) - University of Georgia
Han, David (handavi@auburn.edu) - Auburn University
Lemme, Gary (gdl0003@auburn.edu) - Auburn University
Henry, Gerald (gmhenry@uga.edu) - University of Georgia
Kenworthy, Kevin (Kenworth@ufl.edu) - University of Florida
Karen Harris-Shultz ;
Becky Grubbs ;
Matt Bertucci bertucci@uark.edu;
Clint Waltz ;
Alfredo Martinez ;
Bochra AMINA Bahri ;
David Jespersen ;
Mussie Habteselassie ;
Paul Raymer ;
Shimat Joseph ;
Tom Samples

Brief Summary of Minutes

SERA-IEG 2019 UGA Griffin – Griffin, GA Meeting outline

Wednesday, June 19

Arrive in Fayetteville, GA {approximately 30 minutes from Atlanta airport}

Dinner on own

Thursday, June 20 – UGA Griffin (Griffin, GA), Room 107, Turfgrass Research and Education Center Transportation from Fayetteville to Griffin will be provided at 7:30 a.m.

8:00 to 10:30 – state reports, tour TR&EC & field plots

Welcome and Introductions

State Reports (NC, NM, OK, PR, TN, TX, SC, VA)

Discussion Topic: Pesticide Issues (Grubbs-Bowling)

UGA Griffin Facilities Tour

12:00 – depart for Atlanta for turfgrass tour – Atlanta United Soccer practice facility, Centennial Olympic Park, Home Depot Backyard, Mercedes Benz Stadium

7:00- Group Dinner in Fayetteville – Franks at the Old Mill

Friday, June 21 – Hampton Inn Fayetteville, 110 Meeting Place Dr., Fayetteville, GA

7:30 to 11:30 – SERA-IEG business and timely topics

State Reports (AL, AZ, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS)

Discussion Topic: Water & Nutrient Mgmt (Unruh)

Discussion Topic: Turf Breeding (Raymer)

Discussion Topic: Synthetic turf/ Alternative Landscapes (Samples and Wherley)

11:30 to 12:00- Business Meeting

2020 Site Selection

Election of Officers

12:00 – adjourn

Accomplishments

<ol> <li>Water conservation and drought tolerance: The Texas A&M- College Station Turfgrass Research Program, led by Dr. Wherley, maintains strong collaborations with Engineering, Water Quality, Breeding, and Soil Physics faculty across the University. Wherley has received a third multi-year (2-yr) Texas Research, Engineering, and Extension Water Seed Grant Project which involves faculty from Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES). The current phase of the project involves improvements to the patented LIRMS through development of an autonomous irrigation control system which delivers improved soil wetting efficiency, reduced runoff, and corresponds to local municipal water restrictions.  We have worked closely with SAWS (Karen Guz) and City of College Station (Jennifer Nations) in determining best use of the system for meeting needs of water purveyors. Co-PI’s on current project are Dr. Allen Berthold (TWRI), Dr. Kelly Brumbelow (TEES), Dr. Jorge Alvarado (TEES), Dr. Richard White (SCSC), and Dr. Fouad Jaber (Texas AgriLife Dallas Ag. and Biological Engineering).  The team was the first of all Waterseed funded projects to be issued a patent, which was issued May 1, 2018. We have been approached by a number of potential licensing parties within the irrigation industry, and with whom we continue to discuss possibility for licensing of the LIRMS technology as a residential/commercial irrigation system add-on.</li> </ol>   Texas Tech’s Program, led by Dr. Young provided 11 educational talks related to water conservation, turf management, or turf pest management to a range of audiences. (2 of the 11 talks were given at the Arkansas Turf Conference in January 2019).    Funding from Turfgrass Producers International is presently supporting a multi- state cooperative research effort at the University of Tennessee, Utah State University, the University of Minnesota, Texas A&M University, the University of Connecticut and the University of California to document water use of turfgrasses in the U.S., with an emphasis on water conservation in residential turfs.   The University of Florida has constructed a state of the art linear gradient irrigation system to examine the drought tolerance if different turfgrass cultivars.  Results of these studies will have impacts in upcoming years.    Several SERA48 participants are conducting an NTEP Warm Season Water use study.  (Mississippi State, Kentucky, Florida, Georgia) this study will establish benchmarks for warm season species water used and may lead to some grasses being certified as using less water.    <ol start="2"> <li>Nutrient management: The Texas A&M Turfgrass Team has developed strong industry partnership with Aspen Beverage, San Antonio, Texas. Aspen is one of the world’s largest cold brew coffee extractors, and generates substantial quantities of spent coffee grounds (nearly 200 cu yds weekly) as a by-product of bottling for major companies including Starbucks, Dunkin Donut, and Coca-Cola.  Working with its subsidiary GeoJava, we are working with other SCSC and Horticulture faculty (McInnes, Feagley, and Lombardini) to explore methods of utilizing spent coffee grounds as a topdressing/fertilizer, pre-emergence herbicide, and also as a root zone amendment for sand-based systems.  This could have the potential to reduce usage of sphagnum peat moss, a non-renewable resource that is currently in short supply.  We have received funding from both the USGA Greens Section, and from GeoJava to support this project.  It has received world-wide interest.</li> </ol>   <ol start="3"> <li> Pest Management: </li> </ol> Mississippi State University collaborated with the Mid South Sod Council on a research project to investigate the effects of different herbicide programs applied at bermudagrass sprigging on fall sod strength.  The results of this study will provide the producer with information on the performance of these programs and allow them to make more informed decisions on weed control options.  Texas A&M University Weed Science Program, led by Muthu Bagavatianan, received a 4-yr, $5.7 million USDA SCRI CAP grant to study herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass.  This multi-state project involves weed scientists from 15 states (including 9 SERA48 participants) and will produce major impact on weed management in turfgrass systems including:  1) Evaluation of novel and innovative non-chemical management options for integration, including non-chemical products and compounds, fraze mowing, species/variety selection, mowing regime, grass-clipping removal, and irrigation as well as nutrient management, 2) Development and delivery of BMPs for resistance prevention/management that integrate knowledge on the nature and characteristics of existing resistance, weed ecology and biology, and socio-economic factors for improving project outcomes, 3) Development of a decision-support tool to guide informed management decision making, 4) A robust outreach and evaluation plan to effectively deliver project findings to the clientele, 5) A strong educational component to train the next-generation of managers and scientists, and 6) Broad impact on resistance management in turf weeds at a national level. More information can be found online at <a href="http://resistpoa.org/">http://resistpoa.org/</a>.   <ol start="4"> <li> Development of Improved Turfgrass Varieties for the Southern Region.</li> </ol>   Mississippi State University has established 5000 square ft of a St. Augustine grass as the first phase of a cultivar nursery that will allow sod producers larger quantities of foundation material.  MSU identified a bottleneck in transferring new cultivars to the marketplace.  This material was sold to an MS sod producer who is not going to ramp up into production.   Texas A&M Research and Extension Faculty continue to provide co-leadership on a second multi-year (4-yr) USDA-NIFA funded Specialty Crops Research Initiative project involving collaboration among faculty from Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Oklahoma State Univ., Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Georgia, and N.C. State University, as well as industry advisors from National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (Kevin Morris), United States Golf Association (Mike Kenna), Turfgrass Producers of Texas (John Cosper), Water Managers including San Antonio Water System (Karen Guz) and Masaun Consulting (Whitney Milberger-Laird), and Texas Builders Association (V.P. Ned Munoz).  Goal of the project is to advance drought and salinity tolerant turfgrass cultivars developed during the first project (2011-2015) into long term drought and irrigation restriction management conditions typical of major communities across the southern and southwestern U.S. This multidisciplinary project involves breeders, physiologists, extension, and economists.  To date, at least two cultivars with improved drought and/or salinity tolerance have been released through the program.   A project at the University of Arkansas demonstrated that many early-spring blooming bulbs can add a splash of color to dormant lawns, and numerous entries persisted in the aggressive turfgrass situations. Further, they observed pollinator activity on several entries, including varieties of grape hyacinth and crocus. The primary goal is for homeowners to utilize the results of this research, but public and private entities such as golf courses, parks, and roadway and cemetery managers might also consider bulbs as a source of winter interest in dormant turfgrass.   <ol start="5"> <li>5. Developing and Conducting Educational, Extension and Outreach Programs Summarizing Research Results and Promoting Technology Transfer of the Previous 4 areas.</li> </ol> The Mississippi State University turf team has partnered with SERA48 members Auburn University and the University of Florida to put on the Deep South Turf Expo in Biloxi MS.  This successful conference and tradeshow draws over 600 participants to hear about relevant topics in turf management. Texas A&M Turfgrass Extension, led during 2018 by Dr. Becky Grubbs and Chrissie Segars has been involved in continued redevelopment of the Aggie Turf website (<a href="http://www.aggieturf.tamu.edu">www.aggieturf.tamu.edu</a>).  In addition, a Pest Control Guide for Turfgrass Managers was also developed.  Turf Extension faculty have also been involved in co-leadership of the SCRI Poa Annua Herbicide Resistance Grant, the SCRI Warm-Season Turf Drought Grant, and Healthy Lawns and Healthy Waters Program (<a href="https://hlhw.tamu.edu/">https://hlhw.tamu.edu/</a> ), among others. In 2019 MSU’s Turfgrass Research Field Day drew over 250 participants to Rodney Foil Plant Science Research Center to learn about the latest advances in turfgrass management and culture.  Particpant’s left with an enhanced understanding of turfgrass research as well as some programs that they may be able to use in their management of turf.  Supplemental education on sod production and athletic field management was also provided.  Arkansas lawns can be colorful and provide food for pollinators Issue:  Ninety percent of turfgrasses in Arkansas are warm-season species including zoysiagrass and bermudagrass in the northern part of the state, with centipedegrass and St. Augustine grass in the southern regions.  A drawback of warm-season turfgrass is that it may experience winter dormancy for up to six months out of the year. During dormancy, warm-season turfgrasses exhibit a yellow/brown color. Early-spring blooming bulbs, if they can persist in highly competitive warm-season lawns, might add color to home lawns during winter months. Additionally, early-spring bulbs could provide nutrition for honeybees, which on warm winter/early spring days will leave the hive to forage. Pollen and nectar are food for bees, sustenance that only flowers supply.   Action:  Based on work previously done at the University of Arkansas involving early-spring blooming bulbs incorporated into zoysiagrass, we developed a list of flowering bulbs selected for low flowering height, bloom time, and the ability to complete their life cycle by April/May, when mowing commences. The initial study used five varieties of bulbs; currently, we are testing persistence and flowering ability of thirty early-spring bulbs.   Impact:  We demonstrated that many early-spring blooming bulbs can add a splash of color to dormant lawns, and numerous entries persisted in the aggressive turfgrass situations. Further, we observed pollinator activity on several entries, including varieties of grape hyacinth and crocus. Our primary goal is for homeowners to utilize the results of this research, but public and private entities such as golf courses, parks, and roadway and cemetery managers might also consider bulbs as a source of winter interest in dormant turfgrass. Report actual or intended potential long-term outcomes and impacts.  Build statements around objectives in the approved multistate project.  As with Accomplishments, focus on items that stakeholder want to know.  List grants, contracts, and other resources leveraged by project activities (both direct and in-kind support).   Include recipients, funding source, amount awarded and duration.  For annual reports, impacts cover current year only; for termination reports, impacts cover entire span of project.   Reducing Winter Injury of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Issue: Ultradwarf bermudagrass (Cyndon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) putting greens are best adapted for use in hot, humid climates with mild winters. Due to the record breaking heat of recent summers, many golf courses throughout the central United States, including Arkansas, are converting their existing cool-season putting greens to ultradwarf bermudagrass. Ultradwarfs are characterized by their exceptional ability to tolerate wear (foot traffic) and heat stress, essential for survival during summer months. Ultradwarfs are also characterized by their lack of winter stress tolerance, potentially leading to winter kill due to extreme low temperature exposure. Golf courses place protective covers on their putting greens when temperatures are predicted to drop below 25 °F. In places like northern Arkansas, this may happen many times throughout the winter resulting in many costly covering and uncovering events to allow for golfing on warmer winter days. Covering and uncovering events require significant labor costs and decrease income by reducing the amount of days a golf course is open for play.   Action: Research is being conducted on three of the most widely used ultradwarf cultivars to quantify the effects of lowering the current predicted low temperature threshold for placing covers on ultradwarf bermudagrass greens. Covers are put in place based on forecasted low temperatures of 25, 22, 18, and 15 °F and results are compared to an uncovered control plot. Covers are not removed until high temperatures reach 45 °F, which is designed to mimic a golf course open for play on a warm winter day. Data being collected includes soil temperature and volumetric water content through the winter and spring green-up and winter injury is quantified both visually and using digital image analysis.   Impact: These studies have clearly shown that there are genetic differences in low-temperature survival between bermudagrass cultivars, with ‘Champion’ bermudagrass being more susceptible to winterkill in comparison to ‘Tifeagle’ and ‘MiniVerde’. The results of this study have also shown that superintendents can reduce the predicted low-temperature threshold at which they cover their greens to as low as 15 °F without increasing the risk of winterkill. A cost-analysis indicates that golf courses can potentially save thousands of dollars in labor costs by reducing the low-temperature threshold. This can also allow the course to stay open for play many more days in the winter, which can increase revenue. The MSU turf team has partnered with Auburn University and the University of Florida to put on the Deep South Turf Expo in Biloxi MS.  This successful conference and tradeshow draws over 600 participants to hear about relevant topics in turf management.  In the year the MSU Turf team has participated in 8 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) tests.  Some have been completed but most are ongoing.  They include trials for bermudagrass, tall fescue, St, Augustinegrass, sea shore paspalum, fairway overseeding, warm season greens, warm season low input turf and warm season water use.  These tests are highlighted at our field days and make MSU a destination for the observation of these trials.  The data from these trials are processed by NTEP and disseminated.  MSU has partnered with Sod Solutions™ in a breeding program to use MSU derived germplasm and proprietary germplasm from Sod Solutions to produce new bermudagrass cultivars.  MSU has established 5000 square ft of a St. Augustine grass as the first phase of a cultivar nursery that will allow sod producers larger quantities of foundation material.  MSU identified a bottleneck in transferring new cultivars to the market place.  This material was sold to an MS sod producer who is not going to ramp up into production. MSU collaborated with the Mid South Sod Council on a research project to investigate the effects of different herbicide programs applied at bermudagrass sprigging on fall sod strength.  The results of this study will provide the producer with information on the performance of these programs and allow them to make more informed decisions on weed control options.  MSU has been collaborating with Redexim Turf Products to investigate the use of frazemowing in warmseason turfgrass culture.  To date we have established that late season fraze mowing struggles to recover before going dormant.  <ol> <li>Drought/Turfgrass Water Use/ Water Conservation.</li> <li>a) Funding from Turfgrass Producers International is presently supporting a multi-</li> </ol> state cooperative research effort at the University of Tennessee, Utah State University, the University of Minnesota, Texas A&M University, the University of Connecticut and the University of California to document water use of turfgrasses in the U.S., with an emphasis on water conservation in residential turfs. <ol> <li>b) In addition to making natural and synthetic turfs safer at all levels of play, a goal</li> </ol> of the Research Center for Athletic Field Safety (CAFS), a cooperative effort between The University of Tennessee and AstroTurf™ dedicated in 2011, is to facilitate collaboration affecting not only turfgrass research but also areas of study including biomechanics and human kinetics. One such study (Dickson, K.H., J.C. Sorochan, J.T. Brosnan, J.C. Stier, J. Lee, and W.D. Strunk. 2018. Impact of soil water content on hybrid bermudagrass athletic field performance. Crop Sci. 58: 1416-1425. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2017.10.0645) was conducted to evaluate the impact of soil water content on hybrid bermudagrass athletic field performance. A second study (Dickson, K.H., W. Strunk, and J.C. Sorochan.  2018.  Head impact criteria of natural grass athletic fields is affected by soil type and volumetric water content.  Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 26-28 March) demonstrated that both soil type and soil moisture influence performance and playability of natural grass athletic fields. <ol start="2"> <li>Turfgrass Fertility, Disease, Insect and Weed Management.</li> <li>a) Cultural and chemical turfgrass weed management strategies and the resistance of select turfgrass weed species to herbicides continue to be the major emphasis of research, teaching and extension activity. Presently, the UT Turfgrass Weed Science Team is participating in a $5.2 million project funded by USDA-SCRI focused on the epidemic of herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass populations of all turfgrass systems. This multi-state effort involving numerous universities intends to serve the golf course, athletic field, sod production, and lawn care sectors of the industry. Scope of work ranges from surveying resistant populations to evaluating non-chemical management techniques to provide end-users truly integrated solutions for annual bluegrass management. More information can be found online at http://resistpoa.org/.</li> </ol> Funding from the U.S. Golf Association continues to facilitate the development of methods to diagnose herbicide resistance in goosegrass (Eluesine indica). Similarly, funding from the U.S. Golf Course Superintendents Association- Environmental Institute for Golf is supporting a statewide survey to evaluate existing herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) populations in golf course turfs. <ol start="2018"> <li>b) Research was conducted to determine the influence of fungicide treatment and application target site on the severity of large patch (Rhizoctonia solani) on Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) (Benelli, J.J., B.J. Horvath, A.R. Womac, B.H. Ownley, A.S. Windham and J.C. Sorochan. 2018. Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2LP) severity on Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) influenced by fungicide and application target site. Crop Protection, 106, Apr. Pp. 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.003).</li> <li>Turfgrass Species and Varieties for the Southern Region.</li> <li>a) The University of Tennessee is cooperating in the 2011 National Kentucky</li> </ol> Bluegrass and Kentucky Bluegrass Traffic Tests, the 2012 National Tall Fescue Test, and the 2013 National Bermudagrass and Bermudagrass Traffic Tests. <ol> <li>b) Several zoysiagrass cultivars are also being evaluated for potential use as golf</li> </ol> green surfaces.

Publications

Refereed Publications Pornaro, C., S. Macolino, and M.D. Richardson, M. D. 2018. Measuring stolons and rhizomes of turfgrasses using a digital image analysis system. Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), e58042 (https://www.jove.com/video/58042/measuring-stolons-rhizomes-turfgrasses-using-digital-image-analysis?status=a60048k).   Rossini, F., R. Ruggeri, T. Celli, F.M. Rogai, L. Kuzmanović, and M.D. Richardson. 2019. Cool-season grasses for overseeding sport turfs: germination and performance under limiting environmental conditions. HortScience (in press)   Pornaro C., M.D. Richardson, and S. Macolino. 2019. Rhizome and stolon development of bermudagrass cultivars in a transition-zone environment. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (in press)   Russell, T.W., D.E. Karcher, and M.D. Richardson. 2019. Daily light integral requirement of a creeping bentgrass putting green as affected by shade, trinexepac-ethyl, and a plant colorant. Crop Science (in press)   Sandor, D., D.E. Karcher, M.D. Richardson, D. Hignight and K. Hignight. 2019. Kentucky bluegrass performance under chronic drought stress. Crop Forage and Turfgrass Management (in press)   Boyle, P.E., M.D. Richardson, M.C. Savin, D.E. Karcher, and D.A. Potter. 2019. Review Article: Ecology and management of earthworm casting on sports turf. Pest Management Science (in press)   DeBoer, E.J., M.D. Richardson, J.H. McCalla, and D.E. Karcher. 2019. Reducing ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green winter injury with covers and wetting agents. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management (in press)   Extension articles English, L., J. Popp, M. Richardson, J. Robbins, W.P. Miller, and R. Rainey. 2018. Arkansas Specialty Crop Profile: Turfgrass Industry. UAEX FSA50   Barber LT, Boyd JW, Selden G, Norsworthy JK, Burgos N, Bertucci MB. 2019. Recommended chemicals for weed and brush control. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services Rep MP44. p. 197   Boyd J, Bertucci MB, Robbins JA. 2018. Metsulfuron Damage on woody ornamentals. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services Rep FSA2183. p. 2   Bertucci MB, Boyd J. 2018. Mowing your lawn. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services Rep FSA6023. p. 6   Abstracts Bertucci MB, Karcher DE, Richardson MD, O’Brien DP. Evaluation of newly established buffalograss for tolerance to glyphosate. Proceedings of the 2019 Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. 317   Bertucci MB, Karcher DE, Richardson MD, O’Brien DP. Evaluation of newly established buffalograss for tolerance to glyphosate. Proceedings of the 2019 Southern Weed Science Society Annual Meeting.   Carr, T., D. E. Karcher, M. D. Richardson, and D. P. O'Brien. 2018. Determining the water requirements of two Kentucky bluegrass cultivars under deficit irrigation. Agron. Abr. p. 112332.   DeBoer, E., M. D. Richardson, D. E. Karcher, and J. H. McCalla. 2018. Effect of irrigation with oxygenated water on summer performance and stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass. Agron. Abr. p. 111935.   Kouame J, Burgos NR, Willett CD, Bertucci MB, Grantz EM. Investigating Palmer amaranth resistance to S-metolachlor in Arkansas (Poster). Presented at the Weed Science Society of America Annual Meeting. February 12, 2019. New Orleans, Louisiana.   McCalla, J. H., G. K. Breeden, M. D. Richardson, and J. T. Brosnan. 2018. Use of fraise mowing and herbicides to eradicate bermudagrass. Agron. Abr. p. 113594.   O'Brien, D. P., D. E. Karcher, and M. D. Richardson. 2018. Evaluating putting green firmness in terms of moisture, maintenance, and playability. Agron. Abr. p. 113516.   Wisdom, M., M. D. Richardson, D. E. Karcher, and G. V. McDonald. 2018. Planting methods for flowering bulbs in bermudagrass. Agron. Abr. p. 111975.   Trade articles Bertucci MB. 2018. Winning the war, preventative weed management for healthy turf. Parks & Rec Business.   Bertucci MB. 2019. Cleaning up emerged crabgrass: postemergent control options. Arkansas Turfgrass: the Arkansas Turfgrass Association Magazine. Summer issue p. 9   Bigelow, C., G. Munshaw, M. Richardson, X. Zhang, M. Goatley, and K. Jackson. 2018. Winter bermudagrass overseeding: Does it hurt or help?. Golfdom. 74(4):p. 31.   Bigelow, C., G. Munshaw, M. Richardson, X. Zhang, M. Goatley, and K. Jackson. 2018. Winter overseeding of bermudagrass and effects on bermudagrass health. Golf Course Manage. 86(3):p. 73.   Russell, T. R., D. E. Karcher, and M. D. Richardson. 2018. DLI requirement of a creeping bentgrass green affected by shade intensity and timing. Golf Course Manage. 86(8):p. 71.   Wisdom, M., and M. Richardson. 2018. Spring bulbs add color to dormant warm-season turf. Golfdom. 74(3):p. 35. Include full citation for all publications.  For annual reports, list publications for current year only; for termination reports, list publications for entire span of project.   Videos The Effects of Long-term Sand Topdressing on Earthworm Casting Activity. 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vh23R2a4iFU&index=5&t=0s&list=PLzwlawVM4o4E7AMOiQT3byuf1TGFp5X49   Determining the Minimum Daily Light Integral Requirement of a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green. 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAm49g_oMOc&index=3&t=0s&list=PLzwlawVM4o4E7AMOiQT3byuf1TGFp5X49   How Much Light Do Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens Need? (Shorter Summary). 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqGZnpDa0DI&index=4&t=0s&list=PLzwlawVM4o4E7AMOiQT3byuf1TGFp5X49   Attracting and feeding pollinators in warm-season lawns. 2018. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzpR1QayHDw&index=2&t=0s&list=PLzwlawVM4o4E7AMOiQT3byuf1TGFp5X49">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzpR1QayHDw&index=2&t=0s&list=PLzwlawVM4o4E7AMOiQT3byuf1TGFp5X49</a>   Stewart, Barry R. (Author & Presenter), Carpenter, Matt (Author), McCurdy, James Dewey (Author), Reasor, Eric Hall (Author), Philley, Herbert W. (Author), Crop Science Society of America Annual Meeting, "Response of Six Bermudagrass Cultivars to Simulated American Football Traffic," Crop Science Society of America, Baltimore, MD. (November 7, 2018). Carpenter, Matt (Author & Presenter), Stewart, Barry R. (Author), McCurdy, James Dewey (Author), Reasor, Eric Hall (Author), Harkess, Richard L., Philley, Herbert W., Crop Science Society of America Annual Meeting, "Fraze Mowing for Overseeding Establishment and Removal.," Crop Science Society of America, Baltimore, MD. (November 5, 2018). Begitschke, Erick (Author), McCurdy, James Dewey (Author & Presenter), Tseng, Te Ming (Author), Barickman, Thomas Casey (Author), Baldwin, Christian Michael (Author), Tomaso-Peterson, Maria (Author), Richard, Michael Paul (Author), Stewart, Barry R. (Author), Ward, Jason (Author), European Turfgrass Society, "Preemergence Herbicide Effects upon Hybrid Bermudagrass Sprigged Establishment," European Turfgrass Society, Manchester, England. (June 3, 2018). <ol> <li>Benelli, J., B.J. Horvath, A.R. Womac, B.H. Ownley, A.S. Windham and J.C. Sorochan. 2018. Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2LP) severity on Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) influenced by fungicide and application target site. Crop Protection, 106, Apr. Pp. 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.003</li> <li>Brosnan, J.T. and G.K. Breeden. 2019. Postemergence weed control in warm-season turfgrass with a mixture or pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam. HortScience (In press).</li> <li>Cutulle, M.C., G.R. Armel, D.A. Kopsell, H.P. Wilson, J.T. Brosnan, J.J. Vargas, T.E. Hines, and R.M. Koepke-Hill. 2018. Several pesticides influence the nutritional content of sweet corn. J. Agric. Food Chem. 66: 3086-3092. DOI: 1021/acs.jafc.7b05885</li> <li>Cutulle, M.A., J. Derr, D. McCall, A. Nichols, and B. J. Horvath.  2018.  <a href="https://www.hrijournal.org/doi/full/10.24266/0738-2898-36.3.104">Impact of Mowing Height and Nitrogen Fertility on Crabgrass Cover in ‘RTF' Tall Fescue</a>.  Journal of Environmental Horticulture, September 2018, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 104-107</li> <li>Dickson, K.H., J. C. Sorochan, G.W. Munshaw, and A.W. Thoms.   Comparison of cultivation methods impact on playability of Agrostis stolonifera putting greens.  American Society for Testing and Materials, Volume 46, Issue 3, May</li> <li>Dickson, K.H., J.C. Sorochan, J.T. Brosnan, J.C. Stier, J. Lee, and W.D. Strunk. 2018. Impact of soil water content on hybrid bermudagrass athletic field performance. Crop Sci. 58: 1416-1425. DOI: 2135/cropsci2017.10.0645</li> <li>Dickson, K.H., W. Strunk, and J.C. Sorochan.   Head impact criteria of natural grass athletic fields is affected by soil type and volumetric water content.  Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 26-28 March</li> <li>Dickson, K.H., W.D. Strunk, J.C. Sorochan, T. Nikolai, and A. Hathaway.   Reel on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Putting Greens.  Crop Forage Turfgrass Manage.</li> <li>Hale, F.A. and K.M. Vale. Originally prepared by Science and Education Administration. USDA. 2019. Lawn insects: How to control them. PB1158. UT Extension. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1158.pdf</li> <li>Hale, F.A. Originally developed by J. Yanes Jr. 2018. (Revision). Commercial turfgrass insect control. UT Extension. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1342.pdf</li> <li>Marble, S.C., M.T. Elmore, and J.T. Brosnan. 2018. Tolerance of native ornamental grasses to over-the-top applications of Pylex herbicide. HortScience. 53:842-849. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI12989-18</li> <li>Reasor, E.H., J.T. Brosnan, J.P. Kerns, W.J. Hutchens, D.R. Taylor*, J.D. McCurdy, D.J. Soldat, and W.C. Kreuser. 2018. Growing degree day models for plant growth regulator applications on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting greens. Crop Sci. 58:1801-1807. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2018.01.0077</li> <li>Smith, D.L., J. P. Kerns, N. R. Walker, A. F. Payne, B. J. Horvath, J. C. Inguagiato, J. E. Kaminski, M. Tomaso-Peterson, and P. L. Koch.  2018. Development and validation of a weather-based warning system to advise fungicide applications to control dollar spot on turfgrass. PLoS ONE, 13(3): e0194216</li> <li>Strunk, W. D., K. Dickson, and J. C. Sorochan.   Mowing Pattern and Clip of Reel Have Limited Effects on Green Speed of Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Greens.  Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management</li> <li>Trigiano, R.N., W.E. Klingeman, E. Bernard, S. Boggess, G. Pietsch, and J.T. Brosnan. 2018. First report of powdery mildew on rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus) by Blumeria graminis in Tennessee. Plant Disease. 102:449. <a href="https://doi.org.1094/PDIS-08-17-1175-PDN">https://doi.org.1094/PDIS-08-17-1175-PDN</a></li> </ol> Peer-Reviewed Publications   <ol> <li>Schwartz, B., W. Hanna, L. Baxter, P. Raymer, C. Waltz, A. Kowalewski, A. Chandra, A. D. Genovesi, B. Wherley, G. Miller, S. Milla-Lewis, W. Reynolds, Y. Wu, D. Martin, J. Moss, M. P. Kenna, B. Unruh, K. Kenworthy, J. Zhang, and P. Munoz. 2018. 'DT-1', a Drought-Tolerant Triploid Turf Bermudagrass. HortScience. 53(11):1711-1714. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI13083-18.</li> <li>Lamantia, M. J., A. Chandra and D. R. Huff. 2018. Development of ent-kaurene Oxidase-Based Conserved Intron Spanning Primers for Species Identification in the Genus Poa (Poaceae; Bluegrass).  8(5): 58. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8050058">10.3390/agronomy8050058</a>.</li> <li>Aitkenhead-Peterson, C. Fontanier, J. Thomas, B. Wherley, K. McInnes, and R. White. 2018. Irrigation Water Sodium Influences Losses of Dissolved Organic Carbon During Sod Establishment. Journal of Horticulture 5(2):1-7.</li> <li>Grubbs, Rebecca A., Chase M. Straw, William J. Bowling, David E. Radcliffe, Zach Taylor, and Gerald M. Henry. "Predicting spatial structure of soil physical and chemical properties of golf course fairways using an apparent electrical conductivity sensor." Precision Agriculture20, no. 3 (2019): 496-519.</li> </ol>        Trade Publications <ol> <li>Reynolds and B. Wherley. 2018. How much light is enough?  Importance of meeting the DLI requirement in shade.  Texas Turfgrass Association Magazine.  Winter 2018.</li> <li>Reynolds and B. Wherley. 2018.  Shade and Implications for Turfgrass Health.  Alabama Turfgrass Association Magazine.  Fall Edition.</li> <li>Grubbs, L. Hoffman, J. Young, and B. Wherley. 2018. Texas Lawn Companion- Fall Edition. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. September.</li> <li>Wherley. 2018.  Update on Texas A&M Turfgrass Research of Interest to Turf Managers.  Sports Turf Magazine.  In Press.</li> <li>Chavarria, C. Reynolds, and B. Wherley. 2018. Impact of Turf Colorants on Spectral Transmission Characteristics. GCM Magazine.  In press.</li> <li>Grubbs, C. Segars, B. Chang, C. Wolfe, D. Cunningham, and P. Dickinson. Texas Lawn Companion- Spring 2019 Edition. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. April.</li> <li>Grubbs.. AggieTurf and TPT: A Vision for Collaboration. 2018. Pallet Magazine (Turfgass Producers of Texas). Fall Edition.</li> <li>Grubbs. Tips for Fall Fertilization. 2018. Texas Turfgrass Association Magazine. Fall Edition.</li> </ol>   Peer-Reviewed Extension Publications   <ol> <li>Grubbs. 2019. Water-Wise Checklist for Texas Home Lawns. SCS-2019-15</li> <li>Grubbs. 2019. Mowing Recommendations for Warm-Season Turfgrass. ESC-052. 5-19.</li> <li>Segars. 2019. The Need to Overseed. ESC-053. 5-19.</li> <li>Grubbs. 2019. Turfgrass Repair and Replacement FAQ. (Submitted for formatting)</li> <li>Grubbs. 2019. Homeowner Guide to Herbicide Selection for Warm-Season Turfgrass Lawns. (Submitted for formatting)</li> <li>Segars. 2019. Bermudagrass Selection for Athletic Fields in the Transition Zone. (Submitted for formatting)</li> </ol>   Scientific Abstracts   <ol> <li>Stier, J.C., J. H. Baird, A. Chandra, M. T. Elmore, J. Henderson, D. E. Karcher, K. L. Kopp, M. Schiavon, and E. Watkins. 2018. Documenting Water Use for Turfgrasses in the United States. International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Conference, Baltimore, MD. Poster presentation 1270.</li> <li>*R. Hejl, B. Wherley, K.McInnes, B. Grubbs, and C. Fontanier. 2018. Temporal and Spatial Variability in Soil Water Relations of Sand-Capped Fairway Systems. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings.</li> <li>Chavarria, B. Wherley, and C. Reynolds. 2018. Colorant Effects on Spectral Transmission Properties of Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Active Radiation. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings.</li> <li>Chavarria, B. Wherley, and K. McInnes. 2018. Role of Sand Topdressing Physical Characteristics on Infiltration and Mowing Removal.  ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings.</li> <li>*B. Chang, B. Wherley, and J. Aitkenhead-Peterson. 2018. Environmental Impacts of Landscape Conversions. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings.</li> <li>*W. Bowling, B. Wherley, K. McInnes, and T. Provin. 2018. Long-term Management Dynamics of Sand-Capped Fairway Systems. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings.</li> <li>*G. Flores, B. Wherley, K. McInnes, S. Feagley, and L. Lombardini. 2018. Evaluation of Spent Coffee Grounds for Turfgrass Fertilizer and Root Zone Amendment. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Meetings. </li> <li>*B. Grubbs, J.J. Thompson, G.M. Henry. The Mosaic Effect: Exploring the Challenges of Measuring, Modeling, and Changing Home Owner Behavior on the American Lawn. Crop Science Society of America (CSSA). Baltimore, MD. November 2018.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 07/25/2020

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/25/2020 - 06/25/2020
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2019 - 09/30/2020

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

SERA48 Report 2020 - Consolidated alphabetized.pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 11/27/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/22/2021 - 07/22/2021
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2020 - 09/30/2021

Participants

Matt Bertucci (Vice-Chair) bertucci@uark.edu;
Dale, Adam (Chair) (agdale@ufl.edu) - University of Florida
Stewart, Barry (Secretary) (BaStewar@pss.msstate.edu) - Mississippi State University
Wherley, Ben (b-wherley@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University
Charles Fontanier (Charles.fontanier@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State University
Mike Phillips (jmp0133@auburn.edu) - Auburn University
David Jespersen (djesper@uga.edu) - University of Georgia
Frank Hale (fhale1@utk.edu) - Tennessee
Jason Kruse (jkk@ufl.edu) - Florida
Dan Sandor (dsandor@vt.edu) Virginia Tech
Marco Schiavon (marcoschiavon@ufl.edu) University of Florida
Joseph Roberts (jar7@clemson.edu) - Clemson
Sam Doak (sdoak@vt.edu) - Virginia Tech
Billy Crow wtcr@ufl.edu - University of Florida
Dennis Martin (dennis.martin@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State University
Baoxin Chang Texas A&M University
Pawel Petelwicz (petelewicz.pawel@ufl.edu) - University of Florida
Jimi Underwood Oklahoma State University
Alejandro Del Pozo (adelpozo@vt.edu)

Brief Summary of Minutes

SERA 48 – IEG Business Meeting

July 22, 2021

Note: Hosted via Zoom

Participants:

Adam Dale

Bryan Unruh

Frank Hale

Jason Kruse

Dan Sandor

Marco Shiavon

Ben Wherley

Dennis Martin

Charles Fontanier

Billy Crow

David Jespersen

Sam Doake

Joseph Roberts

Barry Stewart

Baoxin Chang

Pawel Petelewicz

Jimi Underwood

Alejandro Del Pozo

Mike Phillips

Call to Order: 10:05 AM (CST)

Vote to approve 2020 minutes

Motion passed

Old Business

Update from NTEP Policy Committee Report (Barry Stewart appointed for Charles Fontanier)

New Business

Discussion of Future Meetings (2022)

Due to international meeting in Copenhagen next year, no in-person meeting for this group is planned.

Hopefully back to normal meetings in 2023. Tentatively hosted with Virginia Tech.

Discussion of Officer Positions

Barry Stewart will serve as President for 22- 23, Dennis Martin nominated as Vice President and Chrissie Segars Nominated as Secretary for 22-23. Segars left group for industry job.

Discussion of the new SERA-48 Project and Membership

Note that the group is no longer SERA 25. Instead, it is SERA 48. Members must re-enroll in the NIMSS database.

Synopsis of State Reports to Date and Request from Remaining State Reps

Still awaiting state reports from several universities.

Social Science tie ins now important in grants

Sandor – Low Input Turf – promising area but funding hard to find

SCRI – Breeding – Influencers – What influences turf managers to change grass.

Sod Check-off Program $0.50 per pallet – Wherley

Could generate 3 million per year for turf research, some research $ for sports turf research.

What could improve this meeting

Publish Proceedings - More graduate participation

Meet with Other Groups

More subjects – shorter time per subject

Speaker from outside group – industry and others

Comments from Attendees

Unruh – 4 acre linear gradient site now complete

Pawel Petelewicz hired in May Weed Science – Main Campus Gainsville

Va Tech – Field Day Aug 31 Blacksburg, Alejandro Del Pozo new Turf Entomologist.

Chase Straw – Becky Grubbs to Dallas – Texas Water Resources. Seeking to fill Ext. Position in College Station. Ming Min Chian – West Texas A and M Drought and Technology.

International Meeting in Copenhagen Next Year – 2022.

Administrative Report

Mike Phillips: welcomes new members, encourages interactions among researchers and participation within our group.

Adjourn: 1:07 PM (CST)

Accomplishments

<ol> <li>Water Conservation and Drought Tolerance</li> </ol>   <ol start="2"> <li>Nutrient Management</li> </ol> Dr. Fontanier is advising one undergraduate student (Ashton Franks) who is investigating effects of N and K rate on creeping bentgrass performance and disease severity.   <ol start="3"> <li>Pest Management</li> </ol> Dr. Walker advised a Ph.D. student (Felipe Caveros) who is investigating the gene expression of several host plants during infection and colonization by the causal agents of spring dead spot. He advised one undergraduate student(McKenzie Moles) who is helping with processing Turfgrass Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and nematode management trials.  Dr. Walker also supervised a technician (Kelli Black) who also assists with spring dead spot research, disease diagnostics, and pesticide evaluations.   <ol start="4"> <li>Development of Improved Turfgrass Varieties for the Southern Region</li> </ol> Dr. Yanqi Wu advised one undergraduate student(Carly Godwin), a PhD student (Shuhao Yu) and a technician (Tilin Fang) who investigated common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and African bermudagrass (C. transvaalensis) genomes through linkage analysis and quantitative trait loci detention of SNP markers generated from genotyping by sequencing (Yu, S., Fang, T., Dong, H.,  Yan, L.L.,  Martin, D.L.,  Moss, J.Q., Fontanier, F.H.,  and Wu, Y.Q. 2021; Godwin, C., Fang, T.,  and Wu, Y.Q. 2021). Dr. Wu advised one technician (Bradley Battershell) who performed field trials in the development of breeding populations. Dr. Fontanier advised on MS student (Shehbaz Singh) who investigated traffic tolerance of 96 bermudagrasses in the OSU breeding program.  Dr. Fontanier also advised one MS student (Anmol Kajla) who investigated physiological mechanisms of shade resistance in warm-season turfgrasses with collaborating breeders from the region.   <ol start="5"> <li>Developing and Conduction Educational, Extension, and Outreach Programs Summarizing and Promoting Transfer of the previous 4 areas.</li> </ol> Dr. Fontanier coordinated a Turf Management Career Development Event for the Oklahoma State FFA with 16 students (4 teams) represented (April 2021).

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 12/19/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/12/2023 - 07/14/2023
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2021 - 09/30/2023

Participants

Participants Attachment:

Meeting Minutesfor 2023 SERA-48 Turf Conference.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

<ol> <li>Water Conservation and Drought Tolerance</li> </ol>  Mississippi State University (MSU) recently completed a 2 year NTEP study on water used in warm season species.  Work by MSU continues on an effort to characterize the influence of the soil microbiome on localized dry spot in golf course greens.  Dr. Grady Miller investigated the impact of drought on different turfgrass species used NC. He is also currently investigating a novel transition method to convert tall fescue lawns to more drought tolerant warm-season species. Faculty at LSU conducted research evaluating field elevation using UAV mounted LiDAR to predict better drainage installation for Louisiana. The research was presented at the LTA conference and published and presented at the European conference on precision agriculture.  Dr. Jespersen is currently advising two Ph.D. students in water related issues. R. Teja is focusing on mechanisms of drought tolerance, while S. Mondal is looking at the genetics underlying salt tolerance. New UT Hire (Bowling) will focus on irrigation, water quality, and water conservation in her Extension and applied research program. Dr. Mingying Xiang is co-advising an MS student, Snigdha Arikilla, who is conducting research on water use and the relative drought resistance of bermudagrasses. The study aims to determine the water use rate of various bermudagrass cultivars and experimental selections. The findings of this research were presented at the Southern Region ASHS Meeting, held from February 3 to 5, 2023, in Oklahoma City, OK. Dr. Mingying Xiang is supervising Binod Pokhrel in a study that compares the relative salinity tolerance of different bermudagrass varieties. This research focuses on analyzing the anatomical structures of these grasses that may contribute to their salinity tolerance. Dr. Mingying Xiang is guiding Binod Pokhrel in a study that examines the impact of horticultural spray oil on the salinity tolerance of bermudagrasses. Dr. Shuhao Yu is advising an incoming graduate student to conduct a first generation selfed-pollinated common bermudagrass QTL mapping study to dissect the genetic insight of drought resistance and develop molecular markers that can be used in marker assisted selection in drought resistant bermudagrass improvement. Dr. Shuhao Yu is co-advising an undergraduate student to screen a first generation selfed-pollination African bermudagrass population under saline water to identify salinity tolerance QTL. The genetic and genomic information from this study can be used in salinity tolerant bermudagrass improvement that can be irrigated using saline water to achieve overall water conservation. Dr. Shuhao Yu is co-advising a graduate student conducting a genome wide association study to identify QTL associated with drought resistance in common bermudagrass. The QTL identified from this study can reveal genetic insight of the diverse population. Molecular markers will be developed and used in marker assisted selection in drought resistant bermudagrass improvement. Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an undergraduate (Grace Rembold) research project developing a daily timestep model for predicting water requirements of turfgrasses in Oklahoma. (Rembold, 2022 – OSU Undergraduate Research Symposium) Dr. Charles Fontanier is advising a MS student (Manveer Singh) investigating use of soil moisture sensors to conserve water during establishment of bermudagrass from sprigs. Dr. Straw developed a free, licensed Golf Course Soil Moisture Mapping Protocol that assists golf course superintendents worldwide in implementing precision irrigation through the creation of soil moisture management zones. The protocol's adoption has potentially saved billions of gallons of irrigation water on golf courses in nearly 30 states, Canada, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Dr. Wherley’s current role in the USDA SCRI project is to determine reference Crop Coefficients, Stress Coefficients, and better understand drought resistance mechanisms of advanced warm-season turf lines from earlier projects. The work is being prepared for publication in Crop Science. Chandra’s is working on developing drought resistant (USDA-SCRI and TPT-funded) and cold tolerant (USGA-funded) cultivars of St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass.  Several advanced hybrids originating from Texas A&M breeding program are in current NTEP trials and in pre-commercialization pipeline.  ‘Lazer’ zoysiagrass (putting greens zoysiagrass) and ‘Innovation’ zoysiagrass (fairway/home-lawn) are the most recent releases from the breeding program.  Segars, Straw and Chandra have been evaluating zoysiagrasses belonging to different textural classes under different levels of traffic.    <ol start="2"> <li>Nutrient Management</li> </ol>  Several fertilizer treatments have been evaluated in the grow-in of putting green grasses at MSU.  Work has begun at MSU to identify warm and cool season grasses and blends of grasses for their efficacy as turf under solar panels at solar farms.  Hired Qiyu Zhou who’s specialty is nutrient modeling and precision turfgrass management. Dr. Grady Miller conducts numerous research projects on nutrient management currently and in the past. Faculty at LSU completed a grant funded project to evaluate organic fertilizers use in landscapes. Results were presented at the LTA conference, one trade publication was written, and the first of three peer-reviewed publications has been printed. A grant to evaluate the production and processing black soldier fly frass was funded; and initial work is being completed to develop standards for evaluating and processing BSF frass as a fertilizer for various horticulture crops including turfgrass. Dr. Henry advised a PhD student (Julie Wang) who investigated the impact of fertility on the competitive nature of common lawn weeds with hybrid bermudagrass and centipedegrass in Georgia. (Wang, C.J., G.M. Henry, J.D. McCurdy, and D. Held. 2022.) Florida faculty are working towards developing sod industry BMP. Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an MS student (Ashton Franks) who investigated nitrogen and plant growth regulator rate effects on creeping bentgrass performance. Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an undergraduate (Molly Born) research project comparing NDVI and NDRE spectral indices for nitrogen rate response in bluemuda systems. (Born et al., 2023 – SRASHS meetings) Wherley was involved on GCSAA-EIFG funded project to develop late season nitrogen fertilization strategies for bermudagrass fairways in the southern United States.  The project has evaluated application timing and N source effects on N uptake efficiency during the fall and winter months as well as spring green-up. The work is being prepared for publication in Crop Science.     <ol start="3"> <li>Pest Management</li> </ol>  Work continues at MSU on several weed pests of warm and some cool season turfgrasses.  A workflow has been developed to standardize taking digital data from UAV’s and splicing it together for analysis of small plot work.  A study of PRE herbicides use in the grow-in of St. Augustinegrass was used to develop the workflow.  Work continues at MSU on inclusion on identifying forbs that can be included in warm season turfgrass stand that provide forage for pollinators.   Many developments in pest management in NC. Dr. Rick Brandenburg and Terri Billeisen reworked annual bluegrass weevil models to more accurate predict development in NC mountains. Dr. Kerns developed best management practices for management of soilborne diseases on golf course putting greens that centered on how much post-application irrigation is required to suppress fungi and nematodes. Dr. Gannon determined how certain herbicides move after application and identified best management practices to limit herbicide movement. Dr. Yelverton has been developing new herbicide rotations and programs for goosegrass and annual bluegrass control. Dr. Henry advised an undergraduate student (Audrey Young) who investigated the tolerance of carpetgrass to common POST herbicides in the greenhouse and field in Georgia. (Young, A. and G. Henry. 2022.) Dr. Bahri, in collaboration with Dr. Martinez used next-generation sequencing technologies to uncover the etiology and pathogenicity of Clarireedia spp., the pathogens responsible for dollar spot on turfgrass in Georgia. Key discoveries include: 1) Clarireedia monteithiana (98%) is the main pathogen responsible for the disease in the state of Georgia, followed by Clarireedia jacksonii (2%); 2) a new species, Clarireedia aff. paspali, originally identified in Hawaii in 2019 also contributes to dollar spot disease in the U.S.; 3) Genetic variability was revealed within 201 Clarireedia monteithiana isolates collected across 136 counties in Georgia; 4) 17 genes were potentially involved in the pathogenicity of Clarireedia spp., including six genes (nox1, nox2, pka1, smk3, pph1, gpd) involved in appressorium formation, oxalic acid production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and hyphal growth. Dr. Bahri, in collaboration with Dr. Martinez (UGA Griffin) and Dr. Oliver (UGA Tifton) investigated the fungicide sensitivity of 79 isolates of Clarireedia spp. collection from Georgia against four groups of fungicides. The results showed that 77, 27, 53, 47 isolates were sensitive to thiophanate‐methyl (benzimidazole), propiconazole (dimethyl inhibitor), boscalid (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), and azoxystrobin (strobilurins). One isolate from Spalding county showed resistance to all four fungicide groups. In addition, Dr. Martinez, in collaboration with Dr. Bahri, developed molecular tools for dollar spot detection including 1) co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) that differentiates between C. jacksonii and C. monteithiana, further validated using direct PCR to speed up the diagnosis process; and 2) An assimilating probe-based loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assay that provides specific detection of C. monteithiana and C. jacksonii to be used in the field for on-site, point of care pathogen diagnosis. By using a prototype robot that delivers UV-c radiation, Dr. Bahri and collaborators (Dr. Martinez, Dr. Raymer, Dr. Jespersen, Dr. Waltz) are investigating the efficiency of UV-c light in controlling dollar spot development in vitro, as well as in greenhouse and field trials. A decrease in the mycelial growth by 10.3 and 12.2% was observed with 1 and 5 min of daily treatment, respectively. The results also showed that the UV-c light treatment does not kill the pathogen even after one month of daily application.  In the field, daily UV-c light treatment reduced the number of dollar spot infection centers by 67% and the overall dollar spot incidence by 63% when compared with non-treated controls. Dr. Bahri and Dr. Martinez’s research is also focused on exploring the potential benefits of nanobubble oxygenated water in turfgrass systems. In preliminary in vitro trials, application of water enriched with oxygen nanobubbles resulted in a reduction of mycelial growth of Clarireedia by 12% on artificial media and mycelial mass by 8%. Oxygen nanobubbles also suppressed mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani by 9% in vitro. In addition, greenhouse trials showed a significant reduction of dollar spot on seashore paspalum after 7-day of oxygenated-nanobubble applications but no effect of oxygenated-nanobubbles on Rhizoctonia solani infection on zoysiagrass. Dr. Bahri, in collaboration with Dr. Martinez, investigated the potential use of biofungicides to reduce rhizoctonia large patch and dollar spot in turfgrass. In vitro results showed that the fungicides Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad), Medallion (mixture fludioxonil, propane-1,2-diol, triethylamine), Velista (penthiopyrad), and Banner Maxx (propiconazole) reduced R. solani mycelial growth by 77-100% compared to the control. Interestingly, Stargus and Rhapsody induced a significant reduction in the growth of R. solani (79-92%) and C. monteithiana (100%) compared to the control group. In addition, the stand-alone application of biofungicide Rhapsody (B. subtilis QST713) every 7 days was the most effective and equally efficacious as Banner Maxx (propiconazole), suppressing dollar spot severity up to 34 and 75% and AUDCP up to 43 and 75% in growth chamber and field experiments, respectively while resulting in acceptable turf quality (>7.0) in the field.  Similarly, Rhapsody (B. subtilis QST713) applied every 7 days on large patch infected zoysiagrass ‘El Toro’ was the most efficacious, reducing disease severity by 72 and 76% in the growth chamber and field experiments, respectively. Overall, the findings showed that B. subtilis QST713 holds promise to complement synthetic fungicides for managing dollar spot and Rhizoctonia large patch of warm season grasses in Georgia. Dr. Joseph’s research and extension program focus on turfgrass and ornamental entomology. In the past year, he had three graduate students working on the turfgrass program. Two students graduated with doctoral and master’s degrees. One student was involved in developing management tactics for Rhodesgrass mealybug in putting green. Another student studied how the various stages of sod development shaped the arthropod communities and the nontarget effects of commonly used insecticides. The third student is studying the role of centipedegrass on pollinators. In addition, Dr. Joseph is involved in many management projects involving pests, such as mole crickets, southern chinch bug, white grubs, and billbugs. 7 weed control reports were developed and sent to the Florida Turfgrass Industry. Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an MS student (Ashton Franks) who investigated nitrogen and plant growth regulator rate effects on dollar spot disease incidence in creeping bentgrass. Texas A&M Turf Pathologist Dr. Young-Ki Jo has conducted USGA-funded research to develop a diagnostic protocol for Gaeumannomyces species associated with take-all root rot in bermudagrass and to remediate economic losses from the disease in bermudagrass putting greens.  He published a new article about take-all root rot entitled ‘Uncovering the mystery behind turf loss this spring’ through AgriLife Extension. Texas A&M faculty Bagavathiannan and Bowling are wrapping up a 4-year USDA-NIFA funded Specialty Crops Research initiative focused on addressing the herbicide resistance epidemic in annual bluegrass in managed turfgrass systems. Andrew Osburn (PhD student) is heavily involved in this project on 2 sub-objectives and assisting with several others.   <ol start="4"> <li>Development of Improved Turfgrass Varieties for the Southern Region</li> </ol> In a funded project with Sod Solutions, MSU has released 3 patented cultivars of bermudagrass from a breeding program using Celebration® as a parent: Celebration Hybrid (a triploid hybrid), Celebration Dwarf (a putting green cultivar), Celebration Plus (a tetraploid hybrid).  ‘Lobo’ zoysiagrass and ‘Sola’ St. Augustinegrass developed from Dr. Susana Milla-Lewis’ breeding program. Dr. Raymer is advising a Ms student B. Deaton, who is working on developing herbicide resistant seashore paspalums. Dr. Schwartz is advising a PhD student, K. Dhillon, who is working on tissue culture techniques to advance turfgrass breeding. Dr. Jespersen is advising a Ph.D. student Q. Fan.  on screening and understanding heat tolerance in creeping bentgrasses. Florida released CitraZoy™ ‘FAES1307’. Collectively there are 12 NTEP trials ongoing or just concluded at 3 locations across the state of Florida. Dr. Mingying Xiang is advising Mujibur Rahman Khan, an MS student who is focusing on evaluating the performance of new bermudagrass varieties specifically for putting greens. Additionally, another research involves investigating the water usage and drought resistance of bermudagrass fairways. Dr. Yanqi Wu advised one undergraduate student(Carly Godwin), a PhD student (Shuhao Yu) and a technician (Tilin Fang) who investigated common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and African bermudagrass (C. transvaalensis) genomes through linkage analysis and quantitative trait loci detention of SNP markers generated from genotyping by sequencing (Yu, S., Fang, T., Dong, H.,  Yan, L.L.,  Martin, D.L.,  Moss, J.Q., Fontanier, F.H.,  and Wu, Y.Q. 2021; Godwin, C., Fang, T.,  and Wu, Y.Q. 2021). Dr. Wu advised one technician (Bradley Battershell) who performed field trials in the development of breeding populations. Dr. Shuhao Yu is collaborating with Dr. Charles Fontanier in investigating genetic diversity and evaluating the photosynthesis response of Carex germplasms. Elite germplasm can be used in breeding drought resistant and shade tolerant Carex that can be used in shade environment as a turfgrass alternative in the southern region. ‘OKC 1876’ turf bermudagrass. Approved for release through the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and Oklahoma State University. United States Plant Patent Application and Filing forthcoming. Inventors: Wu, Y., D.L. Martin, J.Q. Moss, N.R. Walker, and C. Fontanier. ‘OKC 3920’ turf bermudagrass. Approved for release through the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and Oklahoma State University. United States Plant Patent Application and Filing forthcoming. Inventors: Wu, Y., D.L. Martin, J.Q. Moss, N.R. Walker, and C. Fontanier. Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an undergraduate student (Abbie Wooten) research project investigating morphological traits of nimblewill accessions as a potential native lawn species. (Wooten et al., 2023 – SRASHS) Dr. Charles Fontanier advised an MS student (Godwin Shokoya) investigating use of Carex species and nimblewill as native lawn alternatives. (Shokoya et al., 2022 – HortTechnology) Texas A&M faculty Chandra, Wherley, Grubbs, and Segars continued to participate on a third multi-year (4-yr) USDA-NIFA funded Specialty Crops Research Initiative project involving collaboration among faculty from Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Oklahoma State Univ., Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Georgia, N.C. State University, and UC Riverside.  Goal of the current project is to advance drought and salinity tolerant turfgrass cultivars developed during the earlier projects (2011-2019) and determine reference ET-based water requirements, wilt-based minimal water requirements, and drought resistance mechanisms. This multidisciplinary project involves breeders, physiologists, extension, and economists.  These projects have garnered over $16 million in funding and resulted in co-authorship on seven peer-reviewed publications (4 published and 3 in prep).  More importantly, six cultivars possessing superior drought and salinity tolerance have been released from the program.  The first of these cultivar releases, ‘TifTuf’ bermudagrass, uses 38% less water than ‘Tifway’, the most widely utilized bermudagrass cultivar around the world.  Since this release, ‘TamStar’ St. Augustinegrass and ‘Tahoma 31’ bermudagrass have also been released from the program. These two drought tolerant grasses are increasing in production acres and licensees across the U.S. The most recent drought-tolerant release, ‘CitraBlue’ St. Augustinegrass, is under initial expansion with producers, and two zoysiagrass releases are still being evaluated by producers to make decisions regarding commercialization. Worldwide licensing (Sod Solutions) of embryo-rescue derived St. Augustinegrass hybrid named ‘Cobalt’ (DALZ 1618) for use on home lawns and landscapes, developed by Chandra program (2022). Cobalt is a drought resistant cultivar of St. Augustiegrass with tolerance to moderate levels of shade. It will be entered as a standard in the 2023 NTEP Test. Plant Patent: Chandra, A. and A. D. Genovesi. St. Augustinegrass named ‘DALSA 1618’. Plant patent filed to the USPTO on 08/22/2022 (application serial # 17/892,784). Upcoming release: Chandra, A. (primary breeder), A. D. Genovesi, M. Meeks, C. Segars, A. Patton, J. Fry and R. Braun. 2021. DALZ 1701 interspecific and cold-tolerant zoysia hybrid.  DALZ 1701 is currently under evaluation in the 2019 NTEP Test.   <ol start="5"> <li>Developing and Conduction Educational, Extension, and Outreach Programs Summarizing and Promoting Transfer of the previous 4 areas.</li> </ol> Drs. McCurdy and Stewart (MSU) presented at various conferences including the Deep South Turf Expo, Southern Weed Science Society, Weed Science Society of American and American Society of Agronomy.  Topics ranged from soil microbiome, soil health, artificial turf, pollinator habitat, the grow-in of several grass species, and nutrient management to incorporation of technologies from LiDAR to a novel seed coating. The NCSU Turfgrass Center supported 15 graduate students and the funding resulted in 82 publications on various topics in turfgrass science. Over 150 presentations were given to disseminate the information generated from the research supported through the Center funds. Each year NCSU hosts a field day at the Turfgrass Research and Education Facility at Lake Wheeler Road which draws between 700 and 900 attendees and is the single biggest field day in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at NC State University. There were several presentations from LSU graduate students and Dr. Beasley at various conferences including LTA, ECPA, LSU Agricultural Center Annual Conference, and ASHS on topics ranging from nutrient management to incorporation of technologies from LiDAR to a novel seed coating. Efforts in nutrient management have resulted in three BMP publications for the golf industries in Louisiana and Mississippi through a joint effort with MSU faculty. This information provides superintendents as well as athletic field managers methods to improve nutrient management, water quality, and irrigation application.&emsp; UT Turfgrass team members have established themselves as highly sought-after educators requested to speak to audiences across the globe. Drs. Brosnan, Sorochan, and Horvath delivered 155 presentations during this time frame to audiences at regional, national, and international meetings from 2020-2022. These Extension efforts facilitated growth of turfgrass teaching and research programs as well. For example, undergraduate students in the turfgrass program have been placed at internships at elite turfgrass venues from stadiums in the English Premier League to golf courses such as Augusta National Golf Club. The UT Turfgrass Team has been selected to lead all field research efforts in advance of the 2026 FIFA World Cup. TN Turf Tuesday - Online learning series attended by >2700 individuals from 25 states and 12 countries, while engagement via YouTube and podcasting increased that number to >8500. The series included participation by faculty from eight other land-grant universities (Texas A&M, Rutgers, NC State, Clemson, University of Wisconsin, Iowa State, Michigan State, and Virginia Tech). Sessions have been attended by individuals in 25 states and 12 countries. Several online Extension resources were completely re-designed from 2020-2022, principally Mobile Weed Manual, a free application designed to aid practitioners in selecting herbicides for use in turfgrass and ornamentals. This application has a 5-star rating within both the Apple and Google Play stores and can be accessed online (mobileweedmanual.com). Since June 2021, the app has been downloaded by 12,000 unique users in 66 countries, and over 2,262 unique cities. In the past 30 days (March 18-April 16, 2023), the app has drawn 1,800 users. Additionally, the UT Certified Lawn Care Professional Program was developed to provide introductory education for those working in the turfgrass industry. Since launching in January 2023, 83 individuals have enrolled in this self-paced, online, program from 12 different states. Dr. Fontanier developed a Career Development Event for the Oklahoma State FFA focused on turf management. High school teams are evaluated on several subjects pertinent to this report including irrigation auditing, sprayer calibration, and weed and pest identification. An agricultural education MS student (Jeanette Furlong) is developing a formal curriculum to enhance transfer of these subjects to ag teachers, 4H leaders, and other STEM educators who wish to train students in basics of turf management. Dr. Martin has led a team of Dr. Andrea Connelly and David Gerken on a 2-year demonstration of the most effective johnsongrass management programs. Grubbs, Segars, and Young cooperated on completing the Texas GCSAA Best Management Practices guide, which will aid Texas golf course superintendents in developing environmentally sound cultural management plans for their facilities across the state. In 2022, Dr. Manuel Chavarria was hired on in August, and presented approximately 12 educational presentations covering pest control and new turfgrass varieties during fall 2022. In 2022, Dr. Becky Grubbs Bowling delivered 53 county, statewide, and national Extension presentations primarily focused on water-use efficiency and water quality protection in Texas Landscapes, with an emphasis on appropriate soil, irrigation, and selection practices.  In addition, Dr. Bowling provided 12 training sessions to Master Gardeners across the state in 2022 on the topics of water in the landscape and turfgrass.     In 2023, Dr. Manuel Chavarria led a 3-day Turfgrass Short course in College Station with 45 attendees from across the United States.  He also taught a 2-day Spanish-speaking short course with 8 attendees.

Publications

Publications <ol> <li>Refereed publications</li> </ol> Wilber, A., McCurdy, J., Czarnecki, J., Stewart, B., Dong, H. Preemergence herbicide effects on St. Augustinegrass establishment. Agronomy Journal. Billeisen, T.L., L.D. Kilpatrick, D. Seth Carley, R. L. Brandenburg. 2021. Presence of Pollinator- Friendly Habitat on Pollinator Communities in Managed Turfgrass Systems. International Turfgrass Society Research. Journal. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.56. Braun, R.C., Milla-Lewis, S.R., Carbajal, E.M., Schwartz, B.M. and Patton, A.J. 2021. Performance and playability of experimental low-input coarse-textured zoysiagrass in multiple climates. Grass Research 1: 10 doi: 10.48130/GR-2021-0010. Camacho, M. E, J. L. Heitman, T. W. Gannon, A. Amoozegar, and R. G. Leon. 2021. Seed germination responses to soil hydraulic conductivity and polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotic solutions. Plant and Soil. 462(1):175-188. Carbajal, E.M., Miller, G.L., Dunne, J.C., Schwartz, B.M., and Milla-Lewis, S.R. 2021. Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.124 Carroll, D.E., J.T. Brosnan, E.H. Reasor, J.P. Kerns, C. Stephens, B.J. Horvath, and K.H. Dickson. 202x. Effects of growing degree day based trinexapac-ethyl applications on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting green quality and ball roll. Crop Science. In Press. Dant, L., Martin, S.B., Kerns, J.P., and L. McCarty. 2021. Nitrogen source impacts Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot severity in ultradwarf bermudagrass. International Turfgrass Research Journal. In Press. Galle, G.H., Shew, H.D., Opperman, C., and J.P. Kerns, 2021. Population dynamics of Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne spp. in North Carolina. Journal of Nematology. In Press. Hampy, H., VanRyzin, B., E.L. Butler, and J.P. Kerns. 2021. Etiology and management of Pythium root rot. International Turfgrass Research Journal. In Press. Haug, E. J., K. A. Ahmed, T. W. Gannon and R. J. Richardson. 2021. Absorption and translocation of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in ten aquatic plant species. Weed Sci. 69: 624–630. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2021.38 Hu, J., G. Miller, and W. Shi. 2023. Abundance, diversity, and composition of root-associated microbial communities varied with tall fescue cultivars under water deficit. Front. Microbial. Volume 13:1078836. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1078836 Hutchens, W.J., Henderson, C.A., Bush, E.A., Kerns, J.P., and McCall, D.S. 2021. Geographic distribution of Ophiosphaerella species in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-04-21-0076-S. Katuwal, K.B., Jespersen, D., Bhattarai, U., Chandra, A., Kenworthy, K.E., Milla-Lewis, S. R., Schwartz, B.M., Wu, Y., Raymer, P. 2022. Multi-locational screening identified new drought tolerant warm-season turfgrasses. Crop Science https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20726 Ketchum, C., G. Miller, and G. Pinnix. 2023. Stress coefficients for hybrid bermudagrass in the transition zone. Forage, Crop, & Turfgrass Management. 9, e20212. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20212 Maxwell, P. J. and T. W. Gannon. 2021. Formulation, application timing, and postapplication irrigation timing affect dislodgeable azoxystrobin from turfgrass. Agronomy Journal. 113(2):1164- 1171. Maxwell, P. J. and T. W. Gannon. 2021. Post‐application irrigation timing affects dislodgeable azoxystrobin foliar residue. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 7(1): e20098. McKnight, A. M., T. W. Gannon, and F. H. Yelverton. 2021. Phytoremediation potential of three terrestrial plant species for removal of atrazine, azoxystrobin, and imidacloprid. International Journal of Phytoremediation. DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1932724 McKnight, A. M., T. W. Gannon, F. H. Yelverton. 2021. Phytoremediation of azoxystrobin and imidacloprid by wetland plant species Juncus effusus, Pontederia cordata and Sagittaria latifolia. International Journal of Phytoremediation. DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1932726 Miller, G.L., Gragg, B., Pinnix, G.A., McCauley, R., and Milla-Lewis, S.R. 2021. Fall establishment of zoysiagrass (Z. japonica) on roadsides in the US transition zone. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.128 Pirtle, T., Chavarria-Sanchez, M.R., Erickson, J., Kenworthy, K.E., Cox, K., Unruh, J.B., Kruse, J.K., Cardenas, B., Dukes, M., Milla-Lewis, S.R., Chandra, A., Wherley, B. and Moss, J.Q. ND. Effects of St. Augustinegrass Genotype and Reduced Irrigation on Turfgrass Quality in a Subtropical Environment. Intl. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.134 Reeves, E.R., Kerns, J.P., and Shew, B.B. 2021. Pythium spp. associated with root rot and stunting of winter crops in North Carolina. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2403-RE. Reeves. E.R., Kerns, J.P., Cowger, C., and Shew, B.B. 2021. Pythium spp. associated with stunting and root rot of winter wheat in North Carolina. Plant Disease .105:986-996. Seth Carley, D., L. A. Gragg, M. J. Taggart, T. W. Rufty. 2021 Estimation of water stress tolerance of six woody plant species. Horticulture International Journal. 5(2): 64-72. Stephens, C., Ahmed, K., Gannon, T.W., and Kerns, J.P. 2021. Influence of post-application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide fate on a USGA golf course putting green. Journal of Environmental Quality. 50: 868-876. (Image from article made cover of this volume) Stephens, C.M., Gannon, T.W., Cubeta, M., Sit, T., and Kerns, J.P. 2022. Characterization and aggressiveness of take-all root rot pathogens isolated from symptomatic bermudagrass putting greens. Phytopathology. 112: 811-819. Tredway, L.P., Soika, M.D., Butler, E.L., and Kerns, J.P. 2021. Impact of nitrogen source, fall fertilizers, preventative fungicides on spring dead spot caused by Ophiosphaerella korrae and O. herpotricha. Crop Science. 61: 3187-3196. Yu X., Lara, N., Carbajal, E.M., Milla-Lewis, S.R. 2022. QTL Mapping of morphological characteristics related to water usage in St. Augustinegrass. PLOS One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268004 Zeng, Y, X., Chen, Y. Ni, C. Zhao, J. Kerns, L. Tredway, and J. Roberts. 2022. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Prevalent Plant-Parasitic Nematodes from Turfgrasses in Guangdon, China. Horticulturae 8: 611. Granberry, T., M. Lamber, J. S. Beasley, J. S. Kuehny, L. Fultz, and S. D. Rampold. 2023. Perceptions of organic practices among turfgrass professionals in Louisiana. Advancements in Agricultural Development. Vol. 4:2. Lanza, Phillip, Leticia Santos, Thanos Gentimis, Yinan Yang, Stacia Davis-Conger, and Jeffrey Beasley. 2023. Parameters to increase LiDAR mounted UAV efficiency on agricultural field elevation measurements. Proceeding of the European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Ghimire B., Aktaruzzaman Md., Chowdhury S.R., Spratling W.T., Vermeer C.B., Buck J.W., Martinez-Espinoza A. and Bahri, B.A. 2023. Sensitivity of Clarireedia spp. to benzimidazoles and dimethyl inhibitors fungicides and efficacy of biofungicides on dollar spot of warm season turfgrass. Frontiers in Plant Science, in press Bahri, B., Parvathaneni, R., Spratling, T., Saxena, H., Sapkota, S., Raymer, P., and Martinez-Espinoza, A. 2022. Whole genome sequencing of Clarireedia aff. paspali reveals potential pathogenesis factors in Clarireedia species, causal agents of dollar spot in turfgrass. Frontiers in Genetics, 13:1033437. doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.1033437. Sapkota, S., Kaur, R., Harris-Shultz, K., Wang., H, Koo, D.H., Nabukalu, P. and D. Jespersen. 2023. Creation and Characteristics of Tetraploid and Mixoploid Centipedegrass. Crop Science (In Press). Fan, Q., and D. Jespersen. 2023. Assessing heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass lines based on physiological responses. Plants. 12:41 Katuwal, K.B., Jespersen, D., Bhattarai, U., Chandra, A., Kenworthy K.E., P.L. Raymer, et al. 2022. Multilocational screening identified new drought-tolerant, warm-season turfgrasses. Crop Science. 62:1614-1630 Jespersen, D.  and Xiao, B. 2022. Use of rapid light curves to evaluate photosynthetic change in turfgrasses exposed to low-light conditions. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.64 Sidhu, S., Huang, Q., Carrow, R.N., Jespersen, D., Liu, J., and P.L. Raymer. 2022 A review of novel enzyme system for the management of thatch and soil water repellency in turfgrass. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. 14:450-461 Fox, J.L., Jespersen, D., Baxter, L.L., Snider, J.L., van Iersel, M.W., and B.M. Schwartz. 2022. Towards estimating shade response of bermudagrass using field-based photosynthetic properties. Grass Research. 2:1-6 Shay NJ, Baxter LL, Basinger NT, Schwartz BM, Belcher J. 2022. Smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus) control in bahiagrass is improved with applications of herbicide and fertilizer Weed Technology 36(5):700-707  Carbajal Melgar EM, Miller GL, Dunne JC, Schwartz BM, Milla‐Lewis SR. 2022. Evaluation of South African common bermudagrass germplasm for shade tolerance International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 14(1):1074-1079 Brosnan JT, Peake JB, Schwartz BM. 2022. An examination of turfgrass species use on golf course putting greens Crop, Forage &amp; Turfgrass Management 8(1) Gopinath L, Moss JQ, Wu Y, Schwartz BM. 2022. Drought response of 10 bermudagrass genotypes under field and controlled environment conditions Agrosystems, Geosciences &amp; Environment 5(4). Pennisi SV, Habteselassie M, Kostandini G, Waltz FC. 2022. Familiarity and Use of Biostimulants by the Georgia Golf Industry: Information from a Survey of Golf Course Superintendents HortTechnology 32(4):382-387. McCurdy, J.D., Bowling, R.G., de Castro, E.B., Patton, A.J., Kowalewski, A.R., Mattox, C.M., Brosnan, J.T., Ervin, D.E., Askew, S.D., Goncalves, C.G. and Elmore, M.T., 2023. Developing and implementing a sustainable, integrated weed management program for herbicide‐resistant Poa annua in turfgrass. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 9(1), p.e20225. Pritchard*, B.D., Vargas &Dagger;, J.J., Mahey, M., Brosnan, J.T. and Patterson, E.L., 2023. A bioassay to determine Poa annua responses to indaziflam. Frontiers in Agronomy, 5, p.1182528. Elmore, M.T., T.W. Gannon, A.J. Patton and J.T. Brosnan. “Advances in turfgrass weed management” pages 339-388 (DOI: 10.19103/AS.2022.0110.11) in Achieving Sustainable Turfgrass Management. Fidanza, M. (Ed), Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. 688 pages. ISBN: 978 1 80146 019 4. DOI: 10.19103/AS.2022.0110 Allen, J.H., Ervin, D.E., Frisvold, G.B., Brosnan, J.T., McCurdy, J.D., Bowling, R.G., Patton, A.J., Elmore, M.T., Gannon, T.W., McCarty, L.B. and McCullough, P.E., 2022. Herbicide-Resistance in Turf Systems: Insights and Options for Managing Complexity. Sustainability, 14(20), p.13399. Allen, J.H., Ervin, D.E., Frisvold, G.B., Brosnan, J.T., McCurdy, J.D., Bowling, R.G., Patton, A.J., Elmore, M.T., Gannon, T.W., McCarty, L.B. and McCullough, P.E., 2022. Herbicide-Resistance in Turf Systems: Insights and Options for Managing Complexity. Sustainability, 14(20), p.13399. Carr*, T.Q., Sorochan, J.C., Brosnan, J.T. and Horvath, B.J., 2022. Impact of Soil Temperature on Prizm Zoysiagrass Establishment from Sprigs. Agronomy, 12(10), p.2329. Carr*, T.Q., Sorochan, J.C. and Dickson &Dagger;, K.H., 2022. Nitrogen rate and cultivar effects on zoysiagrass putting greens in the transition zone. Crop Science, 62(6), pp.2476-2485. Carroll*, D.E., Horvath, B.J., Prorock, M., Trigiano, R.N., Shekoofa, A., Mueller, T.C. and Brosnan, J.T., 2022. Poa annua: An annual species?. Plos one, 17(9), p.e0274404. McCurdy, J.D., Small, Z.D., Tseng, T.M., Brosnan, J.T. and Reasor, E.H., 2022. Effects of soil compaction and moisture on the growth of Juncus tenuis. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), pp.776-782. Carroll*, D.E., Brosnan, J.T., Reasor, E.H., Kerns, J.P., Stephens, C.M., Horvath, B.J., Dickson &Dagger;, K.H. and Tomaso‐Peterson, M., 2022. Effects of growing degree day based trinexapac‐ethyl application on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting green quality and ball roll. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), pp.495-501. Brown, A., Brosnan, J., Basinger, N., Porter, W. and Henry, G., 2022. Impact of verticutting on the efficacy and soil activity of ALS-inhibiting herbicides for dallisgrass control. HortScience, 57(2), pp.290-296. Elmore, M.T., Diehl, K.H., Di, R., Chen, J., Patterson, E.L., Brosnan, J.T., Trigiano, R.N., Tuck, D.P., Boggess, S.L. and McDonald, S., 2022. Identification of two Eleusine indica (goosegrass) biotypes of cool‐season turfgrass resistant to dithiopyr. Pest Management Science, 78(2), pp.499-505. Brosnan, J.T., Peake, J.B. and Schwartz, B.M., 2022. An examination of turfgrass species use on golf course putting greens. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 8(1), p.e20160. Qu, H., Zhang, S., Sorochan, J. C., Weinhandl, J. T., Thoms, A. W., & Dickson &Dagger;, K. H. (2022). Effects of synthetic turf and shock pad on impact attenuation related biomechanics during drop landing. Sports biomechanics, 21(6), 748-760. Dickson &Dagger;, K.H., Straw, C.M., Thoms, A.W., Carson, T.D. and Sorochan, J.C., 2022. Impact of third generation synthetic turf athletic field age on surface hardness and infill depth spatial variability. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 236(3), pp.192-199. Dickson &Dagger;, K.H., Segars, C.A., Sorochan, J.C., Moss, J.Q., Harris, D. and Strunk, W.D., 2022. Comparison of mechanical removal of perennial ryegrass overseeding out of bermudagrass to chemical transitions. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), pp.397-402. Thoms, A.W., Bearss, R., Rogers, J.N. and Sorochan, J.C., 2022. An evaluation of mat hybrid turfgrass systems under simulated traffic. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), pp.385-389. Bekken, M. A., Soldat, D. J., Koch, P. L., Schimenti, C. S., Rossi, F. S., Aamlid, T. S., ... & Spring, C. (2023). Analyzing golf course pesticide risk across the US and Europe—The importance of regulatory environment. Science of The Total Environment, 874, 162498. Boeri, P. A., Unruh, J. B., Kenworthy, K. E., Trenholm, L. E., & Rios, E. F. (2022). Aboveground and belowground traits of turf‐type bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) genotypes under simulated drought. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 276-287. Boeri, P.A., Lindsey, A.J. and Unruh, J.B. 2023. Autonomous compared with conventional mower use on St. Augustinegrass lawn quality. HortTechnology (in press). Bonkowski, J., Crow, W., & Habteweld, A. (2022). First Report of Belonolaimus longicaudatus Infecting Soybean in Indiana. Journal of Nematology, 54(1). Borden, M. A., Benda, N. D., Bean, E. Z., & Dale, A. G. (2022). Effects of soil mitigation on lawn-dwelling invertebrates following residential development. Journal of Urban Ecology, 8(1), juac025. Buhlman, J. L., Freshour, S. L., Harriman, R. W., Koch, M. J., Unruh, J. B., van Santen, E., ... & Kenworthy, K. E. (2022). Mowing frequency and performance of genetically modified St. Augustinegrass and standard commercial cultivars. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 652-662. Choi, C. J., Valiente, J., Schiavon, M., Dhillon, B., Crow, W. T., & Stingl, U. (2022). Bermudagrass Cultivars with Different Tolerance to Nematode Damage Are Characterized by Distinct Fungal but Similar Bacterial and Archaeal Microbiomes. Microorganisms, 10(2), 457. Cox, K. D., Kenworthy, K. E., Erickson, J., Rios, E., & Unruh, J. B. (2022). Effects of polyethylene glycol on root and shoot production in zoysiagrasses. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 250-255. Crow, W. T., & Corbett, B. (2022, December). Efficacy of Zelto (TM) and Crescendo (TM) against Meloidogyne Graminis on Golf Course Bermudagrass. In JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 25-25). PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA: SOC NEMATOLOGISTS. Crow, W. T., & Dant, L. (2022, December). TYMIRIUMTM Technology for Management of Meloidogyne Graminis and Hoplolaimus Galeatus on Golf Course Bermudagrass. In Journal of Nematology (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 26-26). PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA: SOC NEMATOLOGISTS. Crow, W. T., Habteweld, A., & Kammerer, S. J. (2022, December). Getting to the" Root" of Nematode Thresholds on Turfgrasses. In JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 27-27). PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA: SOC NEMATOLOGISTS. Crow, W. T., Mitkowski, N. A., & LaMondia, J. A. (2023). Nematode problems in ornamentals and turf and their sustainable management. In Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Sustainable Management (pp. 655-683). Academic Press. Demesyeux, L., & Crow, W. T. (2022, December). Host Suitability and Feeding Habit of Aphelenchoides Pseudobesseyi on Strawberry (Fragaria Ananasa). In JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY (Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 30-30). PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA: SOC NEMATOLOGISTS. Doherty, E. M., Meagher, R. L., & Dale, A. G. (2022). Diversity, composition, and freedom to choose drive the effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends on an herbivorous insect. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 989-993. Fernandes Filho, C. C., Murad Leite Andrade, M. H., Rodrigues Nunes, J. A., Wipff, J., Hignight, D. L., Rios, E. F., ... & Hignight, K. (2023). Breeding for drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] Darbysh.) by exploring genotype by environment by management interactions. Grassland Research. Habteweld, A., Davidson, W., Desaeger, J., & Crow, W. T. (2022). First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Mitragyna speciosa in the United States. Journal of Nematology, 54(1). Hayes, H. A., Wallau, M. O., Caram, N., Sollenberger, L. E., Kenworthy, K. E., & van Santen, E. (2023). Early‐stage evaluation of grazed tetraploid bahiagrass experimental entries. Crop Science. Katuwal, K. B., Jespersen, D., Bhattarai, U., Chandra, A., Kenworthy, K. E., Milla‐Lewis, S. R., ... & Raymer, P. (2022). Multilocational screening identifies new drought‐tolerant, warm‐season turfgrasses. Crop Science, 62(4), 1614-1630. Kenworthy, K. E., Reith, P., Quesenberry, K., Rios, E. F., & Blount, A. R. (2022). Release of ‘FL4XR16’tetraploid annual ryegrass. Journal of Plant Registrations, 16(3), 517-521. Lindsey, A.J., Thoms, A.W., Christians, N.E. and Pease, B.W., 2022. Evaluation of hollow-tine core aerification recycling on a sand-based putting green soil properties and playability. HortTechnology, 32(6), pp.529-533. Lisbeth, E. L., Joseph, S., Crow, W. T., Noling, J., & Mekete, T. (2022). Meloidogyne Haplanaria: an Emerging Threat to Tomato Production in Florida. Orliński, P. M., Petelewicz, P., Schiavon, M., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Becker, J. O., & Baird, J. H. 2022. Pacific shoot-gall nematode control in annual bluegrass putting greens using a new formulation of abamectin.  International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 14, 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.53 Pereira, C. H., Paudel, D., Nunes, J. A. R., Unruh, J. B., Quesenberry, K., Kenworthy, K., & Rios, E. (2022). Multienvironment evaluation of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines for turf performance via a mixed‐models approach. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 673-682. Pirtle, T., Chavarria, M. R., Erickson, J. E., Kenworthy, K. E., Cox, K., Unruh, J. B., ... & Moss, J. (2022). Effects of St. Augustinegrass genotype and irrigation frequency on turfgrass quality in a subtropical environment. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 683-693. Quesenberry, K. H., Rios, E. F., Kenworthy, K. E., Blount, A. R., & Reith, P. E. (2022). Breeding forages with climate resiliency in temperate/tropical transition zones. Grass and Forage Science, 77(2), 124-130. Schiavon, M., Petelewicz, P., Orliński, P. M., & Baird, J. H. 2022. Effects of fungicides on creeping bentgrass health and rooting characteristics under abiotic stress. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 14, 893–901. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.11 Schiavon, M., Shaddox, T. W., Williams, K. E., Gallo, S., Boeri, P. A., Unruh, J. B., ... & Kenworthy, K. (2023). Nitrogen requirements for deficit‐irrigated bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) fairways in South Florida. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 209(1), 1-11. Shaddox, T. W., Unruh, J. B., Johnson, M. E., Brown, C. D., & Stacey, G. (2023). Land-use and Energy Practices on US Golf Courses. HortTechnology, 33(3), 296-304. Shaddox, T. W., Unruh, J. B., Johnson, M. E., Brown, C. D., & Stacey, G. (2023). Survey of Pest Management Practices on US Golf Courses. HortTechnology, 33(2), 152-156. Shaddox, T. W., Unruh, J. B., Johnson, M. E., Brown, C. D., & Stacey, G. (2023). Nutrient use and management practices on United States golf courses. HortTechnology, 33(1), 79-97. Sierra Augustinus, A., McLoughlin, P.F., Arevalo Alvarenga A.F., Unruh, J.B., and. Schiavon, M.  2023. Evaluation of different aerification methods for ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting greens.  HortTechnology (in press) Thoms, A.W., Lindsey, A.J. and Pease, B.W., 2022. Soil surfactant use on athletic field infield surfaces. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), pp.169-175. van der Laat, R., Dale, A. G., Arellano, C., & Milla‐Lewis, S. R. (2022). Variation in southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis) survival and damage on St. Augustinegrass germplasm. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 14(1), 642-651. Whitman, B., Iannone, B. V., Kruse, J. K., Unruh, J. B., & Dale, A. G. (2022). Cultivar blends: A strategy for creating more resilient warm season turfgrass lawns. Urban Ecosystems, 1-14. Chandra, A., A. Genovesi, J. Fry, A. Patton, M. Meeks, R. Braun, M. Xiang, M. Chhetri, and M. Kennelly. 2023. ‘DALZ 1701’, an interspecific zoysiagrass hybrid. Journal of Plant Registrations. (in press) Amini Z., H. Salehi., M. Chehrazi, M. Etemadi, and M. Xiang. 2023. miRNAs and their target genes play a critical role in response to heat stress in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Molecular Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-023-00713-2 Yu, S.H., T.L. Fang, H.X. Dong, L.L. Yan,  D.L. Martin, J.Q. Moss,  C.H. Fontanier, and Y.Q. Wu. 2021. Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass. The Plant Genome. 14: e20073. DOI:10.1002/tpg2.20073 Yu, S, Martin, D.L., Moss, J.Q., Wu, Y.Q. 2023. Advanced turf-type bermudagrass experimental genotypes show marked variation in drought response. 2023. HortScience, 58, 600-607, doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17085-23 Yu, S., Fontanier, C.H., Martin, D.L., Moss, J.Q., Goad, C.L., Wu, Y.Q. 2023. Effect of antecedent drought stress on spring green-up in turf-type bermudagrasses. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6, doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20353 Amgain, N. R., Fontanier, C. H., & Martin, D. L. 2023. Evaluation of annual effect of selected cultivation programs for the management of creeping bentgrass putting greens in the transition zone. Crop Science, 63(3), 1592-1601. Yu, S., A.N. Schnoonmaker, L. Yan, A.M. Hulse-Kemp, C.H. Fontanier, D.L. Martin, J.Q. Moss, and Y. Wu. 2022. Genetic variability and QTL mapping of winter survivability and leaf firing in African bermudagrass. Crop Science 62:2506-2522. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20849.    Gopinath, L., J.Q. Moss, Y. Wu, and B.M. Schwartz. 2022. Drought response of 10 bermudagrass genotypes under field and controlled environment. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 5:e20300. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20300 Pirtle, T., M. Chavarria, J.E. Erickson, K. E. Kenworthy, K. Cox, J.B. Unruh, J. Kruse, B. Cardenas-Lilicar, M. Dukes, S. Milla-Lewis, A. Chandra, B. Wherley, and J.Q. Moss. 2022. Effects of St. Augustinegrass genotype and irrigation frequency on turfgrass quality in a subtropical environment. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.134. Shokoya, G., C. Fontanier, D.L. Martin, B.L. Dunn. 2022. Evaluation of sedges and nimblewill as low-input, shaded lawns in Oklahoma, USA. HortTechnology 32(6):567-577. (corresponding author) Duan, H., and C. Fontanier. 2022. Effect of acute shade on the canopy morphology and evapotranspiration rates of three turfgrasses. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 14 (1): 262-265. (corresponding author) Hejl, R. W., B.G. Wherley, K. McInnes, C.M. Straw, C. Fontanier. 2022. Evaluation of irrigation scheduling approaches within sand‐capped turfgrass systems. Agronomy Journal. Godwin, C., T. Fang, and Y.Q. Wu. 2021. Genetic identity and diversity among experimental selections and cultivars of vegetatively propagated turf bermudagrass as assessed with SSR Markers. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. 1-10, DOI: 10.1002/its2.29. Gopinath, L., J.Q. Moss, and Y. Wu. 2021. Evaluating the freeze tolerance of bermudagrass genotypes. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4:e20170. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20170. Gopinath, L., J.Q. Moss, and Y. Wu. 2021. Quantifying freeze tolerance of hybrid bermudagrasses adapted for golf course putting greens. HortScience. 56:478-480. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15606-20. Gopinath, L., M. Barton, and J.Q. Moss. 2021. The spectral reflectance response of ‘Riviera’ common bermudagrass to increasing saline irrigation concentrations. HortTechnology 31:36-41. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04701-20. Gopinath, L., D.L. Martin, J.Q. Moss, Y. Wu, S. Yu, and J.R. Underwood. 2021. Sod tensile strength, handling quality and their inter-relationship for thirty-nine bermudagrasses. HortTechnology. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04893-21 Gouveia, B.T., E.F. Rios, J.A. Rodrigues Nunes, S.A. Gezan, P.R. Munoz, K.E. Kenworthy, J.B. Unruh, G.L. Miller, S.R. Milla-Lewis, B.M. Schwartz, P.L. Raymer, A. Chandra, B.G. Wherley, Y. Wu, D.L. Martin, and J.Q. Moss. 2021. Multi-species genotype x environment interaction for turfgrass quality in five turfgrass breeding programs in the southeastern United States. Crop Science 61:3080-3096. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.2042. Dickson, K.H., C.A. Segars, J.C. Sorochan, J.Q. Moss, D. Harris, and W. Strunk. 2021. Comparison of mechanical removal of perennial ryegrass overseeding out of bermudagrass to chemical transitions. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 2021;1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/its.2.13. Segars, C.A., J.Q. Moss, D.L. Martin, and Y. Wu. 2021. Sod production characteristics: how strong is your bermudagrass? Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 2020;1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.4. Published as an Early View. Chhetri, M., C. Fontanier, J.Q. Moss, and Y. Wu. 2021. Effects of combined shade and drought stress on turf-type bermudagrasses. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.68. Chhetri, M., and C. Fontanier 2021. Use of Canopeo for estimating green coverage of bermudagrass during post-dormancy regrowth.  HortTechnology (corresponding author) Hejl, R., B.G. Wherley, and C.H. Fontanier 2021. Long-Term performance of warm-season turfgrass species under municipal irrigation frequency restrictions. HortScience. 56 (10): 1221-1225 Amgain, N., C. Fontanier, and D. Martin. 2021. Short-term effects of alternative cultivation practices on putting green infiltration rates. Crop Sci. Dunn, B.L., C. Fontanier, Q. Luo, and C. Goad. 2021. Student perceptions of bonus points in terms of offering, effort, grades, and learning.  NACTA 65:168-172. Allen, J. H., Ervin, D. E., Frisvold, G. B., Brosnan, J. T., McCurdy, J. D., Bowling, R. G., ... & Bagavathiannan, M. V. (2022). HerbicideResistance in Turf Systems: Insights and Options for Managing Complexity. Sustainability, 14(20), 13399. Braun, R.C., A. J. Patton, A. Chandra, J. D. Fry, &dagger;D. Genovesi, &dagger;M. Meeks, M. Kennelly, M. Xiang, M Chhetri, M. Richardson, D.S. Richmond, M.T. Pudzianowska, J.H. Baird. 2022. Development of winter hardy, finetextured zoysiagrass hybrids for the upper transition zone. Crop Science 62(6): 24862505.  https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20834 Chang, B., B. Wherley, J. AitkenheadPeterson, K. McInnes, and P. Dwyer. 2022. ShortTerm Impacts of Urban Landscape Conversions on Surface Runoff Quality.  In Press Urban Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252022012472  (Journal Impact Factor = 3.01; Google Scholar Citations = NA) Ervin, David E., Lori Mitchell Dixon, Andrew Montry, Aaron J. Patton, Becky Bowling, Matthew T. Elmore, Travis W. Gannon et al. "Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities for Improved lawn Weed Management: insights from US lawn care operators." Outlooks on Pest Management 33, no. 3 (2022): 95100. Hejl, R., C. Straw, B. Wherley, B. Grubbs, K. McInnes. 2022. Factors Leading to Spatiotemporal Variability of Soil Moisture and Turfgrass Quality within Sandcapped Golf Course Fairways.  In Press Precision Agriculture.  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11119022099124  (Journal Impact Factor = 5.85; Google Scholar Citations = NA) Hejl, R., B. Wherley, K. McInnes, C. Straw, and C. Fontanier. 2022. Evaluation of Irrigation Scheduling Approaches Within SandCapped Turfgrass Systems.  In Press Agronomy Journal.  https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21059  (Journal Impact Factor = 2.24; Google Scholar Citations = NA) Hooks T, J. Masabni, G. Ganjegunte, L. Sun, A. Chandra and G. Nui. 2022. Salt tolerance of seven genotypes of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.). Technology in Horticulture 2:8. https://doi.org/10.48130/TIH20220008 Katuwal, K. B; D. Jespersen, U. Bhattarai, A. Chandra, K. Kenworthy, S. MillaLewis, B. M. Schwartz, Y. Wu, P. Raymer. 2022. Multilocational screening identifies new droughttolerant, warmseason turfgrasses. Crop Science. 62(4): 16141630.  https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20726 Pirtle, T., M. R. Chavarria, J. Ericson, K. Kenworthy, K. Cox, B. Unruh, J. Kruse, B. Cardenas, M. Dukes, S. MillaLewis, A. Chandra, B. Wherley, J. Moss. 2022. Effects of St. Augustinegrass genotype and irrigation frequency on turfgrass quality in a subtropical environment. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. 14(1): 683693. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.134 Straw, C., C. Bolton, J. Young, R. Hejl, J. Friell, and E. Watkins. 2022. Soil moisture variability on golf course fairways across the United States: an opportunity for water conservation with precision irrigation. Agrosystems, Geosciences, and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20323 Wang, T., A. Chandra, J. Jung and A. Chang. 2022. UAV remote sensingbased estimation of green cover during turfgrass establishment. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 194: 106721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.106721